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Exploration and Discovery Seeking New Markets: • the Exchange Of Name: _____________________________________________________________________________ Block: ______ Exploration and Discovery Seeking New Markets: The exchange of goods between European and African empires had existed for centuries, but normally arrived after being exchanged by a third party. o Direct trade between European, African, and Asian countries developed during the 1400’s and 1500’s, also known as the Age of Exploration. o This also helped spark the exchange of knowledge between these countries. Europe enters the Renaissance period During this time, new kingdoms were created and old kingdoms were growing. o Rival kingdoms would fight for land and wealth . Believed that trade with Africa and Asia would increase their wealth . Goods from China became popular Kingdoms competed for Chinese spices, tea, and silk o This was along a trade route known as the Silk Road Trade with China was controlled by Middle Eastern empires who would only trade with certain Italian ports. o This blocked most of Europe from trading directly with China and led to high prices and a scarcity of goods. European kingdoms wanted to find a way to trade directly with China. o They sent explorers out to find a route around the Muslim empires. These long and dangerous voyages took explorers around the southern tip of Africa. There were some unexpected results, as well. o European explorers found lands unknown to them before . West Indies (the Caribbean) . North America . South America Finding new trade partners changed the economies of the world. o Sometimes, a European country would conquer those new lands to produce gold, silver, or cash crops. These were called colonies. The system of using colonies to build up the “mother country” is called mercantilism o If a European country could not conquer a land, they would set up a trading port to gain access to those goods. o While many Europeans were still artisans or farmers, many began selling their goods on the markets. This was caused by improvements in technology and an increase of goods and precious metals from around the world. o Many wealthy traders began bringing in products from around the world and selling them on the markets. This private exchange of goods for money on markets is an early form of capitalism. Kingdoms and Trading companies were now competing to find the best lands where they could trade for new goods to sell on European markets. Missionaries and Colonies: Besides trade, spreading Christianity was another motivation for exploration. Missionaries began travelling to trading posts in Africa with merchants and explorers. o They would build churches and schools to convert the local population to Christianity. o Missionary work was approved and supported by many European rulers. They believed this increased their favor under God and increased their power. Innovations in Navigation: As you read pages 3-4, Use the Problem/Solution charts below for each subheading. Direction PROBLEM SOLUTION Latitude Longitude Printing Press A School for Sailors: In the early 1400’s, Henry the Navigator established an observatory and navigation school in Portugal. o Students learned about shipbuilding and navigation techniques. Portugal was known for their caravels. o Caravels were ships with triangular sails that could go faster and were easier to steer than existing ships. During this time, ships were also being fitted with cannons so they could conquer any natives or ward off any attacks during this time of battles on the sea. The Portuguese Expeditions: As you read, fill in the box with the explorers’ accomplishments. The First African Colony: In 1652, Jan van Riebeeck established the first European colony in Southern Africa. o Located near the Cape of Good Hope, Riebeeck called his colony Cape Town. o This opened up colonization in Africa for many other European nations such as: . Britain, France, Portugal, and Spain Ivory, Gold, and Enslaved Africans: As you read pages 6-7, use the Main Idea web below to record information related to the African slave trade, including the reasons why the slave trade occurred and the far-reaching impact it had on people around the world. Trading with the East: Even though European nations were colonizing and trading with in Africa and the Americas, they still wanted direct access to the Asian trade. Vasco da Gama will be the first European to reach India o He finds a sea route to Calicut, but does not establish a colony, because the Muslim merchants already there were suspicious and hostile. Another trading post established years later did not last long and the men stationed at the post were slaughtered. Da Gama was sent back after this and successfully established a trading post. o This would be the beginning of Portuguese dominance in India. The Portuguese are also the first Europeans to reach China by sea in 1514. o By the 1600’s a Chinese trading post had been established, China was trading with Spanish colonies, and the Dutch had established a colony in Taiwan. Other Europeans Follow: In 1602, the Dutch Empire formed the Dutch East India Trade Company to establish colonial trading posts in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Japan. Beginning in the 1600’s, many European countries began competing with one another for the upper hand in trade. o The Dutch were fighting with Spain for control over trade in Asia. They would attack and seize Portuguese colonies in Africa and India, while Spain was establishing trade o The English and French also attacked Dutch and Spanish colonies. o These conflicts lead to the rise of pirates. In 1600, Queen Elizabeth granted a charter to the British East India Company to establish trade posts in the East Indies. o Eventually the Company will become a direct representative of the British government. o In 1858, the Company would be dissolved, and India would become a formal English colony. Europe and the East China was cautious about the newcomers when they agreed to directly trade with the Europeans. o They agreed to trade with the Portuguese because they liked how the Portuguese tried to learn Chinese customs. However, they did not let them leave the port city of Canton. China began importing goods and precious metals from European colonies. o Potatoes and Sweet Potatoes became an important cash crop while silver became a form of currency. Eventually, too much silver was brought into China and the value dropped. Extended-Constructed Response Study the illustration below. The Portuguese in the Congo, 18th Century. This illustration shows Portuguese visitors making contact with the Manikongo, or King of the Congo. • What effects did European trade have on the society and economics of Africa and Asia? • Were the effects of European trade mostly positive or negative on Africans? Was the same true for the effects of European trade on Asians? Explain. Be sure to provide details and examples in your answer. _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ .
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