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Chromosome Numbers in Hieracium (Asteraceae) from Central and Southeastern Europe I

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Chromosome Numbers in Hieracium (Asteraceae) from Central and Southeastern Europe I ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 57/2: 115–120, 2015 DOI: 10.1515/abcsb-2015-0020 CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN HIERACIUM (ASTERACEAE) FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE I. KRYSTYNA MUSIAŁ1 AND ZBIGNIEW SZELĄG2* 1Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland 2Pedagogical University of Cracow, Department of Botany, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland Received August 12, 2015; revision accepted October 8, 2015 Chromosome numbers for 16 Hieracium s.str. species from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania and Serbia are given and their metaphase plates are illustrated. Chromosome numbers are published for the first time for H. filarszkyi Jáv. & Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, H. fritschianum Hayek & Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, H. fritzeiforme Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, H. hercegovinicum (Freyn & Vandas) Szeląg 2n=3x=27, H. nivimontis (Oborny & Zahn) Chrtek fil. 2n = 4x = 36, H. vagneri Pax 2n = 4x = 36, as well as three undescribed species of hybrid origin between H. olympicum Boiss. and H. sparsum Friv. 2n = 4x = 36, H. naegelianum Panc. and H. scardicum Bornm. & Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, and H. transylvanicum Heuff. and H. umbellatum L. 2n = 4x = 36. Key words: Asteraceae, chromosome number, Europe, Hieracium, karyotype. INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS During several years of studies on Hieracium L. in For cytological studies, seeds of the investigated Central and Southeastern Europe, the second species were collected from natural populations. author collected many living plants and trans- Then they were germinated on moistened filter planted them to an experimental garden for future paper in Petri dishes. Karyological analysis was taxonomic investigations. To date, many of them performed as described by Marciniuk et al. (2012) have never been analysed karyologically. with some modifications. Briefly, 3- or 4-day-old Knowledge of ploidy level, which especially in seedlings were incubated in saturated aqueous Hieracium s.str. indicates the mode of reproduc- solution of 8-hydroxychinoline for 4 h at room tion, is of particular interest in understanding tax- temperature. Subsequently they were fixed in a onomic and phylogenetic relationships within the mixture of absolute ethanol and glacial acetic acid genus. (3:1, v/v) for 24 h. Fixed material was stained in The present paper gives chromosome num- 2% acetic orcein for 4 days at room temperature. bers for 16 species of Hieracium s.str. including Stained seedlings were transferred to 45% acetic three undescribed species of hybrid origin. The acid and heated to boiling over a flame. For slide ploidy levels of 9 species are published for the first preparation, root tip meristems were cut off and time. squashed in a drop of 45% acetic acid. The cover- This study is a continuation of karyological slip was removed after freezing in liquid nitrogen investigations of Hieracium L. in Europe conducted and the slide was thoroughly air-dried, and at the Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology mounted in Entellan. The metaphase chromo- of the Jagiellonian University (Szeląg et al., 2007; somes were counted and photographed using Ilnicki et al., 2010; Ilnicki and Szeląg, 2011; Szeląg Nikon Eclipse E400 microscope equipped with and Ilnicki, 2011). CCD camera. *e-mail: [email protected] PL ISSN 0001-5296 © Polish Academy of Sciences and Jagiellonian University, Cracow 2015 116 Musiał and Szeląg RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hieracium fritzeiforme Zahn; 2n = 3x = 27 (Fig. 1e) Romania, Southern Carpathians, Retezat Mts, Saua Hieracium atratum s.l.; 2n = 4x = 36 (Fig. 1a) ciurila pass, 1800 m a.s.l., grassy slope with Pinus Poland, Eastern Carpathians, Bieszczady Mts, Mt. mugo communities on granite. Tarnica 1330 m a.s.l., rocky places with Empetrum This is the first chromosome number report for hermaphroditum. this endemic to the Retezat Mts species. This is the first chromosome number report for this species from the Eastern Carpathians and from Poland which confirms the number previously pub- lished by Chrtek et al. (2004) from the Western Hieracium heldreichii s.l. sensu Zahn; 2n = 3x = Carpathians. Chrtek (1994) also published tri- and 27 (Fig. 1f) tetraploid chromosome numbers for two species Serbia, Mt. Besna Kobila, 1840 m a.s.l., eroded belonging to the Hieracium atratum aggregate from slope along road on the summit, surrounded by pas- the Western Sudetes. tures with Festuca valida, Festuca nigrescens and Deschampsia caespitosa, on schist. It is quite a frequent on the Balkan Peninsula collective species of the morphological formula Hieracium chrysostyloides (Zahn) Chrtek fil.; 2n = H. pannosum < H. racemosum. The same chromo- 5x = 45 (Fig. 1b) some number was earlier reported in plants of Poland, Eastern Sudetes, Mt. Śnieżnik Kłodzki, unknown origin (most probably from Bulgaria) by 1410 m a.s.l., alpine grassy places on western Gentscheff (1938). This is the first chromosome slope. number report for this species from Serbia. This is the first chromosome number report for this species from Poland which confirms the number previously published from the Hrubý Jeseník Mts, Eastern Sudetes (Chrtek, 1996). Hieracium hercegovinicum (Freyn & Vandas) Hieracium chrysostoloides is endemic to the Szeląg; 2n = 3x = 27 (Fig. 1g) Eastern Sudetes and is one of three pentaploid Montenegro, Prokletije Mts, Mt. Maja Rosave, below Hieracium s.str. species known so far. The second Zastan Koliba military checkpoint, 1430 m a.s.l., one, H. pentaploideum P.D. Sell & D.J. Tennant, Fagus sylvatica forest margin on calcareous grows in Scotland and also belongs to the bedrock. H. nigrescens agg. (Sell and Murrell, 2006; This is the first karyological data for this Tennant and Rich, 2008). The third one is H. viro- species of presumably hybrid origin between sum Pall. from Siberia in Russia (Pulkina and H. prenanthoides Vill. and H. gymnocephalum Tupitsyna, 2000). Griseb. ex Pant., morphologically closer to the for- mer species (Szeląg, 2002). The plants analysed here were collected in the area in which diploid, sex- ual H. gymnocephalum grows (Szeląg and Ilnicki, Hieracium filarszkyi Jáv. & Zahn; 2n = 3x = 27 2011). The same chromosome number was report- (Fig. 1c) ed by Niketić et al. (2003) in plants referred to as Romania, Southern Carpathians, Retezat Mts, Mt. H. calophyllum aggregate (morphological formula Butea, 1820 m a.s.l., grassy slope with Pinus mugo H. gymnocephalum – H. prenanthoides). communities on granite. This is the first chromosome number report for this endemic to the Retezat Mts species. Hieracium nigritum R. Uechtr.; 2n = 4x = 36 (Fig. 1h) Poland, Eastern Sudetes, Mt. Śnieżnik Kłodzki, Hieracium fritschianum Hayek & Zahn; 2n = 3x = Hala pod Śnieżnikiem glade, 1260 m a.s.l., sub- 27 (Fig. 1d) alpine meadows with Festuca supina. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Prenj Mts, Mt. Otiš, 1900 This is the first chromosome number report for m a.s.l., calcareous rocks on eastern slope. this species from Poland which confirms the num- This is the first chromosome number report ber previously published by Chrtek (1996) from the for this species known until now only from Hrubý Jeseník Mts, Eastern Sudetes, and from the Albania. Western Carpathians (Chrtek et al., 2004). Chromosome numbers in Hieracium 117 Fig. 1. Metaphase plates of: (a) H. atratum, 2n = 36. (b) H. chrysostyloides, 2n = 45. (c) H. filarszkyi, 2n = 27. (d) H. fritschianum, 2n = 27. (e) H. fritzeiforme, 2n = 27. (f) H. heldreichii, 2n = 27. (g) H. hercegovinicum, 2n = 27. (h) H. nigritum, 2n = 36. Bar = 10 μm. 118 Musiał and Szeląg Hieracium nivimontis (Oborny & Zahn) Chrtek fil.; Hieracium sp. 'Botev'; 2n = 4x = 36 (Fig. 2f) 2n = 4x = 36 (Fig. 2a) Bulgaria, Stara Planina Mts, Kamenlivica on the Poland, Eastern Sudetes, Mt. Śnieżnik Kłodzki, southern slope of Mt. Botev, 1200 m a.s.l., eroded, 1380 m a.s.l., alpine grassy places on western slope. siliceous rocks along touristic road from Panicite to This is the first chromosome number report for the chalet Raj. this species known only from Mt. Śnieżnik Kłodzki. A new, undescribed species of presumably hybrid origin between H. olympicum Boiss. and H. sparsum Friv. Hieracium schustleri Zlatník; 2n = 4x = 36 (Fig. 2b) 1. Poland, Eastern Sudetes, Mt. Śnieżnik Kłodzki, 1400 m a.s.l., alpine grassland on western slope Hieracium sp. 'Ljuboten'; 2n = 3x = 27 (Fig. 2g) (population with dark styles). Macedonia, Šarplanina Mts, Mt. Ljuboten, 2350 m 2. Poland, Eastern Sudetes, Mt. Śnieżnik Kłodzki, a.s.l., calcareous rock crevices. 1410 m a.s.l., rocky places on north-western A new, undescribed species of presumably slope (population with yellow styles) (Fig. 2b). hybrid origin between H. naegelianum Panc. and The same chromosome number was reported in H. scardicum Bornm. & Zahn. The hybrid grows plants from the Karkonosze/Krkonoše Mts (Chrtek, together with diploid H. naegelianum (Szeląg and 1994). Ilnicki, 2011) and tetraploid H. scardicum (Ilnicki and Szeląg, 2011). Hieracium sudetotubulosum Szeląg; 2n = 4x = 36 (Fig. 2c) Hieracium sp. 'Raušor'; 2n = 4x = 36 (Fig. 2h) Poland, Central Sudetes, Góry Stołowe Mts, upper Romania, Southern Carpathians, Retezat Mts, above verge of Mt. Szczeliniec Wielki, NW cliff next to the Raušor ski centre, 1520 m a.s.l., grassy slope on lookout, 900 m a.s.l. Picea abies forest margin. Newly validated species (Szeląg, 2014) known A new, undescribed species of presumably from the Western Sudetes and recently discovered hybrid origin between sexual H. transylvanicum also in the Góry Stołowe Mts (Szeląg and Wójcik, Heuff. and sexual H. umbellatum L. An emascula- 2014). tion experiment in the garden-cultivated plants The same chromosome number was reported in shows that the new species reproduces apomictical- plants from the Karkonosze/Krkonše Mts, Western ly. Detailed information on the experimental method Sudetes by Chrtek (1994). followed here is given in Szeląg (2004). The diploid chromosome number was stated in the artificial F1 hybrid received in experimental crosses between both diploid, parental species Hieracium vagneri Pax; 2n = 4x = 36 (Fig. 2d) (Mráz and Paule, 2006).
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