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Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Orodispersible Tablet in Treatment of Migraine: Opportunities, Challenges and Recent A Bhattacharya et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2021; 11(4):149-156 Available online on 15.07.2021 at http://jddtonline.info Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited Open Access Full Text Article Review Article Orodispersible Tablet in Treatment of Migraine: Opportunities, Challenges and Recent Advancements Bhattacharya Suhasis1*, Mohanta Tanmay2, Das Sujit1, Basak Rumpa1 1 Department of Pharmaceutics; Himalayan Pharmacy Institute; Majhitar-737136, India 2 Mata Gujri College of Pharmacy, Kishanganj, Bihar- 855107, India Article Info: Abstract ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Article History: The most comfortable and choicely path of drug administration is oral route. Received 11 May 2021 Orodispersible tablets bring a revolution among all routes of drug administration as well as Review Completed 28 June 2021 oral route of drug administration also. Orodispersible tablets are unit dosage form but it Accepted 04 July 2021 has unique characteristics. It disintegrates in the mouth within a minute for the presence of Available online 15 July 2021 saliva where the presence of super disintegrates in the preparation. Especially, old and __________________________________________ child have no chance to swallow as a result it is very acceptable for them. Migraine is a very Cite this article as: well-known irritating condition for adult and female. Migraine is a debilitating and common neurovascular illness associated with symptoms of one-sided headache, nausea Bhattacharya S, Mohanta T, Das S, Basak R; with or without vomiting, photophobia and/or phonophobia. But these symptoms are Orodispersible Tablet in Treatment of Migraine: subjective and vary from patient to patient. Orodispersible tablets are most important Opportunities, Challenges and Recent Advancements, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2021; solution of migraine like emergency condition and helping human by transferring from hell 11(4):149-156 to heaven. Very short half-life, quick disintegration, quick onset of action and better DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i4.4878 bioavailability brings the orodispersible tablets into the top position of the management of ______________________________________ migraine. Sumatriptan, zolmitriptan like drugs are helping their hands to reduce migraine. *Address for Correspondence: Lastly, there are lots of drugs are investigating for this purpose and our hope that the orodispersible tablet can give the pioneer and will give the migraine free era to us and our Bhattacharya Suhasis, Department of Pharmaceutics; futures. Himalayan Pharmacy Institute; Majhitar-737136, India Keywords: Orodispersible tablet, migraine, sumatriptan, super disintegrate, fast dissolving ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-9672 INTRODUCTION: phonophobia4. But these symptoms are subjective and vary from patient to patient. However, A special sort of focal The oral route considered to be most popular and widely neurologic visual condition known as aura, affects one out of used route of administration because of its benefits, such as every three migraine patients5. The major reason of the pain ease of administration, manufacturing cost, pain avoidable is due to the dilation of brain blood vessels and subsequently and importantly patient compliance. However conventional constricts as stimulation of nerve endings occurs near the oral dosage form, i.e., tablet & capsule having swallowing affected blood vessels. However, whether migraine is caused difficulties, known as dysphagia. These problems are by a vascular or neurological problem, the specific reason is associated among all age group especially Pediatric and still unknown6. It's been known for a long time that migraine geriatric patient1. Orodispersible tablet is solutions for these has a strong hereditary component. Genetic research on rare limitations as this formulation dissolve rapidly when placed monogenic subtypes, commonly well known as familial in mouth and doesn’t require to chewing or drinking water. hemiplegic migraine, has revealed new information about United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) define the disease's pathophysiology. According to a recent data ODTs as solid dosage forms that disintegrate in few seconds gene involved in ion transport at synapse and glutamatergic in saliva when they placed in oral cavity. However, European transmission (CACNA1A, ATP1A2 and SCN1A) casually Pharmacopoeia (EP) has termed ODTs as uncoated tablets mutate, leads to development of this ailment7. that disintegrate quickly within 3 minutes when placed in mouth. Orodispersible mini tablet is another type of new Migraine can broadly classify into two major types: (i) approach for Pediatric use. They are similar to migraine with aura and (ii) migraine without aura. Migraine Orodispersible tablet but smaller in size (2-4 mm) depending with aura (also known as classical migraine) symptoms of upon the age group and active substances2. the sensory or other central nerve systems are frequently grouped together and appear and gradually develop to form MIGRAINE: AN OVERVIEW headache or other symptoms of migraine. This is recurrent and lasting for minutes. Whereas migraine without aura is 3 Migraine is a debilitating and common neurovascular illness common type and can last anywhere from 4 to 72 hour. The associated with symptoms of one-sided headache, nausea common symptoms include nausea and/or vomiting, with or without vomiting, photophobia and/or photophobia, aggressiveness in routine behavior, ISSN: 2250-1177 [149] CODEN (USA): JDDTAO Bhattacharya et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2021; 11(4):149-156 phonophobia and headache in one side with pulsation 8 . The The mechanical strength should be optimum that the treatment of migraine is depending up on the subject history, formulation starts to disintegrate within a certain period frequency and age. For adults NSAIDs and triptans are most of time. effective in treating acute migraine. For primary treatment NSAIDs are used. However, though it is a first line therapy The onset of action should be quick to give response. but, in many cases, it becomes fail to achieve patient’s initial It should be able to stay intact during the formulation clinical compliance. This led to use of triptans. While process and should stay withstand to a wide range of selecting a drug for treating migraine, formulation temperature and humidity. consideration is always prior. As the nasal and parenteral route of administration options are limited as well as they ADVANTAGES OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLET IN are not fulfilling the patient compliance. As a result, oral TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE 14-16 medicine administration is the only choice9 . Administration is easy and chances of chocking are very CRITERIA FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ODTS IN less especially for geriatric and Pediatric as doesn’t MIGRAINE required to swallow the tablet. Drug’s Perspective10 Water doesn’t require instead of that saliva present in the mouth helps to disintegrate. Prolonged action drugs are not suitable. Patient doesn’t require to chewing the tablet. Drugs having unpleasant taste are not suitable. This drug delivery system exhibits rapid action due to its Drugs with higher dosing frequency and very short half- quick disintegration and fast dissolving property. life are not acceptable. Bioavailability of drug increases as it avoids hepatic Drugs indicating changes in their pharmacokinetic metabolism. characteristic with compare to their conventional dosage forms are not compatible for Orodispersible dosages Condition like acute migraine where patients suffer from forms. nausea and/or vomiting. It is very beneficial. Drugs that produce higher number of toxic metabolites Masking of the drugs having bitter taste is performed, after first pass metabolism in liver and drugs having poor thus it produces a good mouth feel and improve the absorption property from oral cavity are not ideal to patient compliance. develop this type of drug delivery system. Nasal route is another way of drug administration but however there are several factors including drug Drugs capable of spreading and partition through an retention time & nasal mucosal permeability, while ODTs upper GIT epithelium (log P>1 or preferred > 2) and are free from this factors 5 . those capable of permeating oral mucosal tissue are considered suitable for Orodispersible formulation. Manufacturing of Orodispersible tablet can be performed through the existing machinery, used in the preparation Patient’s Perspective 11 of conventional tablet. The tablet should be disintegrated within a certain 2,17 period of time (less than 30 sec). PROCESS OF DISINTEGRATION : Patient having Sjogren syndrome and as well as those are Bioavailability is always a key factor of a formulation. having less saliva secretion are not compatible for Orodispersible tablet has higher bioavailability compared to Orodispersible drug delivery. oral conventional solid dosage forms as its bypass the first pass-metabolism. Orodispersible formulation contains the The oral cavity should have no to minimum residue after maximum
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