No 3. Ornithology in Cumbria in The

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

No 3. Ornithology in Cumbria in The Cumbria Biodiversity Data Centre Occasional Publication ORNITHOLOGY IN CUMBRIA IN THE 16TH, 17TH, 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES: A BIBLIOGRAPHY No.3, Issue 1 August 2017 Illustration of Isabelline Wheatear from Rev. H.A. Macpherson’s A Vertebrate Fauna of Lakeland (1892) Cumbria Biodiversity Data Centre collects, collates, manages and disseminates information relating to the biodiversity and geodiversity of the county on a not-for-profit basis, enabling others to better understand, protect and foster the natural environment of the region. Tel: 01228 618717 Email: [email protected] Post: Tullie House Museum, Castle Street, Carlisle. CA3 8TP Twitter: @CumbriaBDC Ornithology in Cumbria in the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries: a bibliography 1 Ornithology in Cumbria in the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries: a bibliography Robin M. Sellers,* Allen F. Armsby† and David Shackleton§ * Crag House, Ellerslie Park, Gosforth, Cumbria CA20 1BL; e-mail: [email protected] † 10 Cairn Wood, Heads Nook, Brampton, Cumbria CA8 9AH. § 8 Burnbanks, Bampton, Penrith, Cumbria CA10 2RW. Abstract: This document presents a list with full bibliographic details of publications relating to birds in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire North of the Sands published between the 16th and 19th centuries, together with details of where copies of the documents can be found (if known). Keywords: bibliography, birds, Cumberland, Lancashire, Westmorland Recommended citation: R.M.Sellers, A.F.Armsby and D.Shackleton, (2017), Cumbrian Biodiversity Data Centre Occasional Publication No.3, Issue 1, Ornithology in Cumbria the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries: a bibliography. Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 The development of ornithology in Cumbria ................................................................................................... 2 Ornithology in Cumbria in the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries: a bibliography .................................... 2 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Serial publications dealing with ornithology in Cumbria in the 18th and 19th centuries .......................... 2 Bibliographies .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Principal books about birds in Cumbria in the 18th and 19th centuries ..................................................... 3 Biographies and obituaries of Cumbrian ornithologists ............................................................................... 3 Book reviews ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Chronological list of articles etc on birds in Cumbria published in the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Miscellaneous other publications ................................................................................................................ 22 Other material ............................................................................................................................................... 22 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................... 22 References ....................................................................................................................................................... 22 Appendix 1. Societies with an interest in ornithology active in Cumbria in the 19th century .................... 23 Appendix 2. Availability of key sources ........................................................................................................... 23 Appendix 3. List of articles published by ‘Glaramara’ in the Carlisle Journal in 1882 on the ‘Birds of Cumberland’ .................................................................................................................................................. 24 Appendix 4. Summary of sources checked ..................................................................................................... 24 Introduction details of how to obtain copies of the material This report is a compilation of material published in the referenced either with the citation (again in square 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries on the ornithology of brackets) or for more general publications such as serials, Cumbria. It has been drawn up primarily on the basis of as shown in Appendix 1. four previous bibliographies, those by Mullens et al No attempt has been made here to distinguish (1920), Celoria (2001), Shackleton (2010) and Armsby between high quality publications and more run of the (2015) but includes some additional material not listed mill material, although it is clear that the quality varies by any of these sources identified during searches of a considerably. Nor can we vouch for the correctness of number of Journals including, Land and Water, Ibis, The any of the material; much more was taken on trust in the Naturalist and The Zoologist. 19th and earlier centuries and undoubtedly some The intention here has been to cite full bibliographic incorrect information will be included – let the user details (as would be required in a peer-reviewed journal) beware! though some details are wanting in certain instances Whilst a great deal of effort has been put into (indicated by a question mark in square brackets). Every identifying the items included, it is almost inevitable in a effort has been made to checking spellings and any odd work of this nature that some material has been spellings (‘Westmoreland’ for ‘Westmorland’, for overlooked, or that errors have crept in. We are acutely instance) are as in the original. Where necessary aware, for instance, that no systematic survey of the additional information is given briefly in square brackets county’s newspapers, often an important forum for the after the main citation. Also given, where known, are publication of material on natural history in the 19th 2 Cumbria Biodiversity Data Centre Occasional Publication No.3, Issue 1 (2017) century, has been undertaken, and it would not be Serial publications dealing with ornithology in Cumbria surprising if articles from this source remained to be in the 19th century found. The authors would be pleased to hear of any new Proceedings of the Barrow Naturalists Field Club and material (no matter how brief or trivial it may seem), or Literary and Scientific Association of any corrections that need to be made, omissions, or The Naturalist (Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union) 1864-1899 1 suggestions for improvement. Transactions of the Barrow Field Naturalists’ Club 1876-1883, 1895-1899 The development of ornithology in Cumbria Transactions of the Cumberland Association for the The earliest published reference to birds in Cumbria Advancement of Literature and Science, Vol. 1-8, appears to be that contained in William Turner’s A Short thereafter became: and Succinct Account of the Principal Birds Mentioned by Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Pliny and Aristotle, originally published in Latin in 1544 Association for the Advancement of Literature and and which makes reference to ‘two white Ravens’ taken Science. Vol. 9 et seq. from the wild in Cumberland and trained to catch birds Westmorland Natural History Record after the fashion of falcons and hawks (further details in Sellers 2016). It was, however, not until the end of the Bibliographies 18th century and the publication of Heysham’s (1794) (1) C.Miller, (1890), Zoologist, 247-267, A catalogue of Catalogue of Cumberland Animals that ornithology in local lists of British birds. [provides titles of numerous Lakeland can really be said to have become properly works for various counties, including Cumberland established. There was a tremendous growth in interest (pp.250-251), Lancashire (pp.254-255) and about the birds of the region towards the end of the 19th Westmorland (p.269)]. century, with the 1880s and the 1890s being the peak years in terms of the number of publications. Many are, (2) A series of natural history bibliographies for the however, short, often just a paragraph or two, typically northern counties of England appeared in the recording the presence of individual species in specific Naturalist (Yorkshire) as follows: places. Amongst other things this appears to have been Year of Period fuelled by increasing prosperity and the growing interest Page numbers publication covered in natural history, better field guides and greater knowledge of birds, greater mobility provided by the 1885 152 – 156 1884 arrival of the railways, to say nothing of the efforts of 1886 239 – 241 1885 certain individuals (the Rev H.A.Macpherson, in 1889 115 – 127 1886 – 1887 particular, was extremely active in collecting and 1891 253 – 259 1888 publishing material on the birds of Lakeland). 1892 121 – 136; 1889 281 – 291 Ornithology in Cumbria in the 16th, 17th, 18th and 1893 115 – 137 1890 19th centuries: a bibliography 1894 177 – 199 1891 1896 147 – 171 1892 Abbreviations AFA Details from Armsby (2015) (3) W.H.Mullens, H.Kirke Swann and F.C.R.Jourdain,
Recommended publications
  • 11E5: Dubmill Point to Silloth
    Cumbria Coastal Strategy Technical Appraisal Report for Policy Area 11e5 Dubmill Point to Silloth (Technical report by Jacobs) CUMBRIA COASTAL STRATEGY - POLICY AREA 11E5 DUBMILL POINT TO SILLOTH Policy area: 11e5 Dubmill Point to Silloth Figure 1 Sub Cell 11e St Bees Head to Scottish Border Location Plan of policy units. Baseline mapping © Ordnance Survey: licence number 100026791. 1 CUMBRIA COASTAL STRATEGY - POLICY AREA 11E5 DUBMILL POINT TO SILLOTH 1 Introduction 1.1 Location and site description Policy units: 11e5.1 Dubmill Point to Silloth (priority unit) Responsibilities: Allerdale Borough Council Cumbria County Council United Utilities Location: This unit lies between the defended headland of Dubmill Point and Silloth Harbour to the north. Site overview: The shoreline is mainly low lying, characterised by a wide mud, sand and shingle foreshore, fronting low lying till cliffs and two belts of dunes; at Mawbray and at Silloth. The lower wide sandy foreshore is interspersed by numerous scars, including Dubmill Scar, Catherinehole Scar, Lowhagstock Scar, Lee Scar, Beck Scar and Stinking Crag. These scars are locally important for wave dissipation and influence shoreline retreat. The behaviour of this shoreline is strongly influenced by the Solway Firth, as the frontage lies at the estuary’s lower reaches. Over the long term, the foreshore has eroded across the entire frontage due to the shoreward movement of the Solway Firth eastern channel (Swatchway), which has caused narrowing of the intertidal sand area and increased shoreline exposure to tidal energy. The Swatchway currently lies closer to the shoreline towards the north of the frontage. There is a northward drift of sediment, but the southern arm of Silloth Harbour intercepts this movement, which helps stabilise the beach along this section.
    [Show full text]
  • Cumberland and Westmorland Herald Index of Soldiers 1914-1919
    Cumberland and Westmorland Herald Index of soldiers 1914-1919 Page and Service Colu Surname Forename Rank Age Regiment No. Portrait Address Date and Place Reason Date mn Extra Information Abbott Allan Private Middlesex Keswick 30/11/1917 Killed 29/12/1917 1F article; obituary 5G Abbott Henry Private Border Regiment Alston Died of wounds 29/07/1916 1e Photograph 05/08/1916 3d Abbott John Sgt-Major Norfolk Penrith 12/11/1916 Killed 06/01/1917 1E article Abbott W Private 18 Machine Gun Corps Lazonby 29/09/1918 Died 12/10/1918 1E from wounds: article Abott Hugh Private 34 Canadians Lazonby 04/04/1918 Died 20/04/1918 3G from wounds: article : obituary 5F Abraham J C Lieutenant Keswick Dispatches 16/03/1918 6C " For meritorious service in the field " Adam Charles J Private 28 Winnipeg Cameron High No Winnipeg Canada 23/04/1915 Missing 22/05/1915 1f Originally from Castlegate, PH. Confirmed Killed in edition 28/08/1915 p5h Adamthwaite John Private Royal Field Artillery Isle of Wreay 11/05/1917 Killed 05/05/1917 1C article Adamthwaite Private Yes Bolton le Sands Killed 12/05/1917 1E Addison Walter J Private Canadians Pooley Bridge Wounded 20/10/1917 1D Airey Frank Private Border Regiment Yes Threlkeld 10/04/1918 PoW 08/06/1918 1D article 3D Airey Harvey Corporal Yes Shap Distinguished Conduct Medal 18/05/1918 3C no details Airey Norman Private Shap Wounded 22/06/1918 1E Alcock Robert Private Hatcliffe Bridge PoW 01/09/1917 3E previously reported Missing Alderson C R 2nd Lieutenant R E Yes Penrith Military Cross 01/12/1917 5F article :also Military
    [Show full text]
  • An Exciting Development Opportunity Land at the How, How Mill, Nr Hayton, Cumbria CA8 9JY
    For Sale - An Exciting Development Opportunity Land at The How, How Mill, Nr Hayton, Cumbria CA8 9JY • Outline planning permission for the development of 4-5 residential dwellings on approximately 0.61 acres within the desirable village of How Mill • Panoramic views over open farmland west to the Lakeland Fells and north to the Scottish Border hills • Offers invited for the freehold interest with a guide price of £300,000 exclusive Ref CM1268 rural | forestry | environmental | commercial | residential | architectural & project management | valuation | investment | management | dispute resolution | renewable energy For Sale - An Exciting Development Opportunity Land at The How, How Mill, Nr Hayton, Cumbria CA8 9JY LOCATION Indicative elevations, not to scale This exclusive development opportunity is situated in The subject site is situated on the north western side the attractive Cumbrian village of How Mill, 4 miles of How Mill and adjacent to a number of residential south of Brampton and 7 miles to the east of Carlisle. properties. Access is taken directly from the main How Mill is a small traditional farming village and road travelling through the village to the north. is part of a cluster of settlements including Hayton which is 1 mile to the north providing good local THE OPPORTUNITY amenities including a school, village shop and public The subject site comprises former agricultural house and Heads Nook which is circa 1.5 miles to the buildings and concrete hard-standing benefiting south west. from picturesque and open views to the Lake District Fells. The site is bounded by residential dwellings to The nearby City of Carlisle has a residential the east, open farmland to the south and west and population of 75,000 and an estimated catchment the access road, open farmland and traditional stone population of 235,000.
    [Show full text]
  • Solway Country
    Solway Country Solway Country Land, Life and Livelihood in the Western Border Region of England and Scotland By Allen J. Scott Solway Country: Land, Life and Livelihood in the Western Border Region of England and Scotland By Allen J. Scott This book first published 2015 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2015 by Allen J. Scott All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-6813-2 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-6813-6 In memory of my parents William Rule Scott and Nella Maria Pieri A native son and an adopted daughter of the Solway Country TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations ..................................................................................... ix List of Tables .............................................................................................. xi Preface ...................................................................................................... xiii Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 In Search of the Solway Country Chapter Two .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting of Urswick Parish Council
    1094 MINUTES OF URSWICK, BARDSEA AND STAINTON PARISH COUNCIL From the meeting held on Thursday 20th April 2017 Urswick Parish Room, 7.30pm Present: Cllr. L. Birchall, Cllr. P. Bolt, Cllr. D. Chamberlain, Cllr. J. Keen (Chairman), Cllr. M. Turner, Dr. P. Attree (Clerk). District and County councillors: J. Willis. Members of the public: 1 1. To receive and approve apologies for absence. Apologies for absence were received from Cllrs. N. Cowsill, J. Hannah & J. Winder. Cllr. Bolt gave apologies for his late arrival. RESOLVED: that the apologies be noted and the reasons noted. 2. Declarations of interests To receive declarations by elected and co-opted members of interests in respect of items on this agenda. None. 3. Requests for dispensations None. 4. To authorise the Chairman to sign as a correct record the minutes of the meeting of the Council held on 9th March 2017. RESOLVED: that the minutes of the meeting held on 9th March 2017 be signed by the Chairman as a true record. 5. To note progress on matters not on today’s agenda – for report and observation only (items requiring a decision to be placed on agenda of next meeting). The Clerk reported on the following: • Nuisance smell from sileage stored at land adjacent to Daisy Hill Cottage, Great Urswick - reported to Public Protection Team and logged. • Potholes on lanes used as alternative routes during roadworks at Lindal in Furness. • Site of the former Coot, Great Urswick. Untidy site reported to District Council, and obstruction to traffic sightlines reported to County Highways. • Ongoing enquiries regarding Greenbank Gardens site, Little Urswick.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Christian' Archaeology of Cumbria
    Durham E-Theses A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. How to cite: O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. (1980) A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7869/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Deirdre M. O'Sullivan A reassessment of the Early Christian.' Archaeology of Cumbria ABSTRACT This thesis consists of a survey of events and materia culture in Cumbria for the period-between the withdrawal of Roman troops from Britain circa AD ^10, and the Viking settlement in Cumbria in the tenth century. An attempt has been made to view the archaeological data within the broad framework provided by environmental, historical and onomastic studies. Chapters 1-3 assess the current state of knowledge in these fields in Cumbria, and provide an introduction to the archaeological evidence, presented and discussed in Chapters ^--8, and set out in Appendices 5-10.
    [Show full text]
  • Romans in Cumbria
    View across the Solway from Bowness-on-Solway. Cumbria Photo Hadrian’s Wall Country boasts a spectacular ROMANS IN CUMBRIA coastline, stunning rolling countryside, vibrant cities and towns and a wealth of Roman forts, HADRIAN’S WALL AND THE museums and visitor attractions. COASTAL DEFENCES The sites detailed in this booklet are open to the public and are a great way to explore Hadrian’s Wall and the coastal frontier in Cumbria, and to learn how the arrival of the Romans changed life in this part of the Empire forever. Many sites are accessible by public transport, cycleways and footpaths making it the perfect place for an eco-tourism break. For places to stay, downloadable walks and cycle routes, or to find food fit for an Emperor go to: www.visithadrianswall.co.uk If you have enjoyed your visit to Hadrian’s Wall Country and want further information or would like to contribute towards the upkeep of this spectacular landscape, you can make a donation or become a ‘Friend of Hadrian’s Wall’. Go to www.visithadrianswall.co.uk for more information or text WALL22 £2/£5/£10 to 70070 e.g. WALL22 £5 to make a one-off donation. Published with support from DEFRA and RDPE. Information correct at time Produced by Anna Gray (www.annagray.co.uk) of going to press (2013). Designed by Andrew Lathwell (www.lathwell.com) The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development: Europe investing in Rural Areas visithadrianswall.co.uk Hadrian’s Wall and the Coastal Defences Hadrian’s Wall is the most important Emperor in AD 117.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 3 Objections.Pdf
    Prof. Jim D. Marshall Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences School of Environmental Sciences University of Liverpool 4 Brownlow Street Liverpool L69 3GP United Kingdom 0151--794 5177 Commons Registration Authority Cumbria County Council Application CA13/22 9 February 2019 To whom it may concern Urswick Tarn - Retention of Common Land Status. I am writing this letter to oppose application CA13/22 which seeks to remove the common land status assigned to the land associated with the former chapel at Urswick Tarn. My research group and I have long standing interests in Urswick Tarn and other marl lakes in Northwest England and have published many papers in international scientific journals on the significance of the sediment records that are preserved there. Starting with the work of Professor Frank Oldfield in the 1950’s and 60’s Urswick Tarn and its surrounding marl bench has been studied by scientists from Liverpool and many other Universities (including Exeter, Edge Hill and King’s College London). This is a site of national and indeed international scientific importance. The marl sediments beneath the chapel land and in the lake basin record the changing vegetation, land use and climate of the site spanning the 10,000 years and more since the end of the last glaciation. Marl lakes of this sort are relatively rare and provide a unique combination of biological remains and chemical markers than can be used to reconstruct past environmental change. My own specialisation, oxygen and carbon stable isotope geochemistry, enable us to quantitatively reconstruct past changes in temperature, rainfall and carbon cycling.
    [Show full text]
  • Beckside Barn, Broadwath, Heads Nook, Brampton, CA8 9BA Guide
    Beckside Barn, Broadwath, Heads Nook, Brampton, CA8 9BA Guide price £295,000 An appealing three bed barn conversion featuring an impressive split level open plan dining and sitting area. Living room. Cloakroom. Ensuite. Attractive gardens. Convenient rural location. Carlisle 6 miles. M6 4 miles Situation and description Beckside Barn is well located Ground Floor arched window to the courtyard. Additional window to within a small close and within the settlement of rear garden and leafy aspect. Oak floor. Broadwath. The surrounding undulating rural countryside Vestibule Oak floor. Multi-pane glazed door to dining is attractive and the accessibility of the location is superb. area. Sitting room 14'9 x 12'3 (4.50m x 3.73m) A pleasant living area with large glazed window to rear garden. Aspect over The A.69 (Carlisle/Newcastle road) is approximately 1.5 Dining area 14'9 overall x 11'4 (4.50m overall x 3.45m) miles and this links Carlisle via J.43 of the M6 motorway. Broadwath to fields beyond. Glazed door providing access Contemporary open plan style living space which opens to the garden. Oak floor. The market town of Brampton, where there a range of into the kitchen and to the sitting room. Oak floor. Built-in facilities including the popular William Howard Secondary shelved cupboard housing the central heating boiler. First Floor School is 6 miles by car. Central Carlisle offers a superb range of social, leisure and retail opportunities and is an Cloakroom 6'4 x 3'6 (1.93m x 1.07m) White two piece Half landing Two Velux skylights.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Broadwath Cottages, Broadwath, Heads Nook, Cumbria, Ca8 9Ba Offers in Region of £139,950
    1 BROADWATH COTTAGES, BROADWATH, HEADS NOOK, CUMBRIA, CA8 9BA OFFERS IN REGION OF £139,950 www.haywardtod.co.uk [email protected] 01228 810 300 Investment opportunity. Currently let three bed end terrace cottage with the benefit of a good sized rear garden. Pleasant rear aspect to countryside. Further work would enhance value and increase income. Small hamlet convenient for the A69, M6, Carlisle, Brampton and Eden Valley. Situation and description Broadwath Cottages is well located within the small rural hamlet of Broadwath. The area is accessible for the A69 which provides access to Brampton and Newcastle in the east and the M6 and Carlisle to the west. Broadwath is on the doorstep of the beautiful Eden Valley and is also easily accessible for the region's other areas of natural and historic interest. There are fine examples of Hadrian's Wall at the World Heritage Site beyond the market town of Brampton. The Lake District and the Solway Coast, which is well known for its migrating birdlife, are within easy travelling distance. The city of Carlisle has a wide range of social, leisure and retail opportunities along with an impressive cathedral and prominent castle and is served by the West Coast Mainline for fast and frequent services to London in a little over 3 hours 15 minutes. There are many other direct services from Carlisle and these include to Glasgow, Edinburgh, Newcastle, Manchester Airport and Birmingham. No. 1 Broadwath Cottages has good living accommodation and three first floor bedrooms. The breakfast kitchen is of a good size and the downstairs bathroom has a four piece suite.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Bulletin 77 – Summer 2018
    Bulletin 77 – Summer 2018 Yanwath Hall, Eamont Bridge, Penrith © Mike Turner CVBG Chairman’s Chat – Peter Roebuck 2 CLHF Members News - Holme and District LHS, Cumbria Railways 3 Association Other News from Member Groups 7 Cumbria Archive News 9 Help Requested 11 Welcome to new CLHF Committee Member 13 CLHF Museum Visits 14 Cumbria County History Trust 16 Proposed New CLHF Consitution 18 Funding for Local History Societies 19 General Data Protection Regulations 20 Useful Websites 20 Events 21 Final Thoughts 24 1 www.clhf.org.uk Chairman’s Chat. The recent spell of glorious weather prompts thoughts about the impact of climate on history. The great threat to local communities before modern times was harvest failure. Crisis mortality rates were often the result, not just of outbreaks of deadly disease; and the two sometimes combined. Cattle droving was fundamentally affected by climate, only getting underway sometime from mid-April once grass growth removed the need to use hay as fodder. Bees have rarely had such a good start as this year to their foraging season, reminding us of the significance of honey as the major sweetener before sugar became widely used. Cane sugar was first grown by the Portuguese in Brazil during the 16th century but entered the British market from the Caribbean only from 1650. Not until well beyond 1700 was it cheap enough to rival honey. The numerous bee boles and other shelters for straw skeps (hives) in Cumbria pay tribute to the care with which bees were kept. Beekeeping was no mere pastime but an activity of considerable economic significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Solway Basin Area Profile: Supporting Documents
    National Character 6: Solway Basin Area profile: Supporting documents www.naturalengland.org.uk 1 National Character 6: Solway Basin Area profile: Supporting documents Introduction National Character Areas map As part of Natural England’s responsibilities as set out in the Natural Environment White Paper1, Biodiversity 20202 and the European Landscape Convention3, we are revising profiles for England’s 159 National Character Areas (NCAs). These are areas that share similar landscape characteristics, and which follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision-making framework for the natural environment. NCA profiles are guidance documents which can help communities to inform their decision-making about the places that they live in and care for. The information they contain will support the planning of conservation initiatives at a landscape scale, inform the delivery of Nature Improvement Areas and encourage broader partnership working through Local Nature Partnerships. The profiles will also help to inform choices about how land is managed and can change. Each profile includes a description of the natural and cultural features that shape our landscapes, how the landscape has changed over time, the current key drivers for ongoing change, and a broad analysis of each area’s characteristics and ecosystem services. Statements of Environmental Opportunity (SEOs) are suggested, which draw on this integrated information. The SEOs offer guidance on the critical issues, which could help to achieve sustainable growth and a more secure environmental future. 1 The Natural Choice: Securing the Value of Nature, Defra NCA profiles are working documents which draw on current evidence and (2011; URL: www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/cm80/8082/8082.pdf) 2 knowledge.
    [Show full text]