DRAFT

STATEMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT 301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine St, Sydney

March 2019 - ISSUE B 301-305 KENT ST & 35-39 ERSKINE ST KENT ST, SYDNEY ISSUE DESCRIPTION DATE ISSUED BY

A Draft for Review 07/02/19 KB

B Issued for Submission 08/03/19 KB

GBA Heritage Pty Ltd Level 1, 71 York Street Sydney NSW 2000, Australia T: (61) 2 9299 8600 F: (61) 2 9299 8711 E: [email protected] W: www.gbaheritage.com ABN: 56 073 802 730 ACN: 073 802 730 Nominated Architect: Graham Leslie Brooks - NSW Architects Registration 3836 CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 REPORT OVERVIEW 5 1.2 REPORT OBJECTIVES 6 1.3 METHODOLOGY AND STRUCTURE 6 1.4 SITE IDENTIFICATION 6 1.5 HERITAGE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK 6 1.6 AUTHORSHIP 7 1.7 REPORT LIMITATIONS 7 1.8 COPYRIGHT 7

2.0 HISTORICAL SUMMARY 8 2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE LOCALITY 8 2.2 EARLY OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE 8 2.3 EARLY USE OF THE SITE 9 2.4 INITIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDINGS 10 2.5 SUBSEQUENT CHANGES AND USE 13

3.0 SITE DESCRIPTION 16 3.1 URBAN CONTEXT 16 3.2 301 KENT STREET 16 3.3 305 KENT STREET 17 3.4 35-39 ERSKINE STREET 18

4.0 ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE 24 4.1 INTRODUCTION 24 4.2 301-305 KENT STREET 24 4.3 35-39 ERSKINE STREET 31 4.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL 32 4.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF HERITAGE ITEMS IN THE VICINITY 32

5.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSAL 35

6.0 ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT 36 6.1 INTRODUCTION 36 6.2 OVERVIEW OF THE POTENTIAL HERITAGE IMPACTS 36 6.3 CONSIDERATION OF THE GUIDELINES OF THE NSW HERITAGE DIVISION 36 6.4 HERITAGE OBJECTIVES OF THE SYDNEY LEP 2012 37 6.5 HERITAGE GUIDELINES OF THE SYDNEY DCP 2012 38 6.6 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURE 38

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 39 7.1 CONCLUSIONS 39 7.2 RECOMMENDATION 39

8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 40

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 REPORT OVERVIEW

This report has been prepared as part of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for State Significant Development (SSD) application number SSD 18_9694, the redevelopment of 301-305 Kent Street and 35-39 Erskine Street, Sydney.

The Secretary’s Environmental Assessment Requirements (SEARs) for this project note the following in relation to European heritage:

The EIS shall: • include a Statement of Heritage Impact (SOHI) prepared by a suitably qualified heritage consultant in accordance with the guidelines in the NSW Heritage Manual and best practice conservation principles. N The SOHI is to address the impacts of the proposal on any heritage significance of the Figure 1.1 site and adjacent areas and is to identify the Location map showing the approximate location of the subject site following: marked with a blue circle. -- all heritage items (state and local) and Source: NSW LPI SIX Maps Website heritage conservation areas and buildings older than 50 years on and within the vicinity of the site including built heritage, landscapes and archaeology, detailed mapping of these items, and assessment of why the items and site(s) are of heritage significance -- the impacts of the proposal on heritage ERSKINE ST items and heritage conservation areas including visual impacts -- compliance with any relevant Conservation Management Plan -- the attempts to avoid and/or mitigate the impact on the heritage significance or cultural heritage values of the site and

the surrounding heritage items heritage KENT ST KENT conservation areas -- demonstrate engagement with appropriate ST SUSSEX local stakeholders. N

Figure 1.2 Aerial view showing the subject site outlined in blue. Source: Nearmap, 2018

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 5 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 This report evaluates the Stage 1 Concept Proposal, 2 and 3 of DP 443974, Lot 1 of DP 76374 and Lot 305 prepared by DBI Design. The Concept Proposal is to of DP 669166. demolish the existing buildings and construct a 29 storey hotel building with five basement levels. 1.5 HERITAGE MANAGEMENT Please note that this report does not address a defined FRAMEWORK future development, only the proposed demolition of the subject buildings and an indicative building NSW Environmental Planning and Assessment envelope. Act 1979 (EP&A Act) The Secretary’s Environmental Assessment The detailed design resolution process will form part Requirements (SEARs) for SSD 18_ 9694 note the EIS of a later development application process for the is to be consistent with the requirements of clauses 6 site, and will require additional review from a heritage and 7 of Schedule 2 of the Environmental Planning perspective, once finalised. and Assessment Regulation 2000 (the Regulation).

This report concludes that, subject to the The Sydney Local Environmental Plan (LEP) 2012 is recommendations made, the proposal will have an the only EPI specified that includes heritage provisions. acceptable heritage impact. The subject properties are not listed as items of heritage significance in Schedule 5 of theSydney LEP 2012, nor are they located within the boundaries of a 1.2 REPORT OBJECTIVES heritage conservation area.

The main objective of this Statement of Heritage The site is located in the vicinity of several heritage Impact is to analyse the overall heritage impact of the items listed in Schedule 5 of the Sydney Local proposed development in relation to the Environmental Environmental Plan (LEP) 2012, the closest being: Planning Instruments (EPIs) specified in the Director General Requirements (DGRs) and the guidelines Heritage Address SHR LEP endorsed by the NSW Heritage Council. Item Commercial 62-66A I1756 Terrace Erskine 1.3 METHODOLOGY AND STRUCTURE group Street including This Statement of Heritage Impact has been prepared interiors in accordance with guidelines outlined in the Australia Former “CW 52-54 I1755 ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance, Foley & Co” Erskine 2013, known as The Burra Charter, and the New South commercial Street Wales Heritage Office (now the Heritage Division of the terrace pair NSW Office of Environment and Heritage) publication, including interiors NSW Heritage Manual. “Watch 68-80 00223 I1757 The Burra Charter provides definitions for terms used House Erskine Terrace” Street in heritage conservation and proposes conservation including processes and principles for the conservation of an interiors item. The terminology used, particularly the words Former 123-129 I2274 place, cultural significance, fabric, and conservation, Edwards Clarence is as defined in Article 1 of The Burra Charter. The Dunlop & Co Street (and NSW Heritage Manual explains and promotes the warehouses 252-258 standardisation of heritage investigation, assessment including Kent Street) and management practices in NSW. interiors Former 82 Erskine 00501 I1758 “Watch Street 1.4 SITE IDENTIFICATION House” including The subject site at 301-305 Kent St and 35-39 Erskine interiors St, Sydney, is located on the south-western corner of Erskine and Kent Street (see Figure 1.2). It is described by NSW Land Registry Services as Lots 1,

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 6 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Commercial 42-50 I1754 Terrace Erskine group Street including interiors

The other listed heritage items in the wider locality are physically and visually separated from the subject site by distance, intervening development and roadways. Consequently, the proposal will have no direct or specific impact on the heritage significance of these items and this report will focus on the proximate items that require more detailed consideration of impact.

The Sydney Development Control Plan (DCP) 2012 has also been included in the SEARs list of guidelines to be considered. Section 3.9 of the Sydney DCP 2012 contains the applicable heritage provisions. N

1.6 AUTHORSHIP Figure 1.3 Detail from heritage map showing heritage items shaded brown and the subject site outlined blue. This report has been prepared by Kaylie Beasley, Source: City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012, Sheet Senior Heritage Consultant, of GBA Heritage and HER_014 has been reviewed by the Director, Graham Brooks. Unless otherwise noted, all of the photographs and drawings in this report are by GBA Heritage.

1.7 REPORT LIMITATIONS

While this report is limited to the analysis of European cultural heritage values, GBA Heritage recognises that for over forty thousand years or more Aboriginal people occupied the land that was later to be claimed as a European settlement.

Recommendations have been made on the basis of documentary evidence viewed and inspection of the existing fabric. Access to the second floor of 35-39 Erskine Street was not available.

Archaeological assessment of the subject site is outside the scope of this report.

This report only addresses the relevant heritage planning provisions and does not address general planning or environmental management considerations.

1.8 COPYRIGHT

Copyright of this report remains with the author, GBA Heritage.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 7 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 2.0 HISTORICAL SUMMARY

2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE Streets, and included the following allotments:5 LOCALITY 301 Kent Street: The area of the subject site forms part of the land of • Part of Allotment 22, granted to William Ternen on the Gadigal people of the Eora nation who are the 23 September 1839. traditional custodians of the land within the City of Sydney. The area around the harbour was an important 305 Kent Street: hunting, fishing and camping ground for Aboriginal • Part of Allotment 21, granted to George Wheeler people prior to the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788 and on 14 May 1836 beyond. However, the majority of those not killed by • Part of Allotment 22, granted to William Ternen on introduced diseases or the colonists soon moved to 23 September 1839. areas on the outskirts of town, such as La Perouse.1 35-39 Erskine Street: Originally referred to as Back Soldiers’ Row, Kent • Part of Allotment 23, granted to Thomas Bray on Street served as a major thoroughfare, running close 15 November 1837 to the harbour wharves and passing through the city centre.2 Shops, businesses, hotels, small private The 1833 City of Sydney Survey Plan (see Figure 2.1) houses and boarding houses developed along this showing the original grantees and allotments indicates street during the nineteenth century. As the commercial that the aforementioned allotments all contained centre of Sydney expanded, the residential component structures which were located along the street frontage. of this streetscape was displaced by businesses and Two ancillary structures, likely sheds or stores, were warehouses. also evident on William Ternan’s allotment.

Erskine Street, which was formally aligned and named in 1835, developed from an early track established between the military barracks (Wynard) and Cockle Bay (Darling Harbour).3 During the nineteenth century, Erskine Street was a busy thoroughfare to the Darling Harbour foreshore leading to the development of both residential and commercial buildings which supported the harbour activities.4

2.2 EARLY OWNERSHIP OF THE SITE

The subject site was originally located on several crown grants that were formalised in or after 1836. These were located in Section 54, being the entire block bounded by Kent, King, Sussex and Erskine N

1 Sydney Barani Website, ‘Aboriginal People and Place’, http://www. sydneybarani.com.au/sites/aboriginal-people-and-place/, (accessed Figure 2.1 November 2018) Extract from 1833 plan, showing grants, grantees and existing 2 Sharpe, Alan, p. 29 structures, with the approximate footprint of the subject site outlined 3 NSW Heritage Inventory, ‘Erskine Street Terraces’, http://www. blue. environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/heritagesearch.aspx, (accessed Source: Survey Plans 1833, Map 50, Historical Atlas of Sydney November 2018) 4 NSW Heritage Inventory, ‘Watch House Terrace including interiors’, http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/heritagesearch.aspx, 5 NSW LPI, Certificates of Title, Vol. 3984 Fol. 178; Vol. 2065 Fol. 148; (accessed November 2018) Vol 7747 Folio 146

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 8 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 2.3 EARLY USE OF THE SITE

2.3.1 301 KENT STREET

The 1856 Assessment Book indicates that by this time 301 Kent Street was occupied by a residence owned by Geo Jilks.6

By 1896, the Assessment Book records that the land was under the ownership of D. Mitchell and the residence had been replaced by a workshop, which was being utilised by John Buckland.7

An auction for 301 Kent Street was advertised in The Daily Telegraph on 10 April 1920. The advertisement described the site as consisting of a workshop of iron and yard used as Joinery works.8 This description N corresponds with the 1888 subdivision plan which details a substantial two storey iron structure located Figure 2.2 towards the rear of the allotment (see Figure 2.4). The Extract from 1854 map showing the approximate footprint of the previous structures located along the street frontage, subject site outlined blue. as evident on the 1880 map (see Figure 2.3), appear Source: Woolcott and Clarke’s Map of the City of Sydney, 1854, Historical Atlas of Sydney to have been demolished between 1880 and 1888.

In 1924, the Assessment Book records 301 Kent Street as being land, presumably vacant, with ownership transferred to T. M. Goodall & Co. Ltd.9 This transfer of ownership was formalised in 1927.10

Between 1907 and 1925, the Sydney Sands Directory indicates that 301 Kent Street was utilised for a range of industrial/commercial activities. The following occupants of the site were recorded during this period:

• Buckland Brothers, steam turning works, later wood split-pulley manufacturers; • Francis Dickin, cabinetmakers; • Buckingham and Son, chair manufacturer; • Jones T and Co, showcase makers; and • John Stephen, engineer. N

Figure 2.3 2.3.2 305 KENT STREET Extract from 1880 map showing the approximate footprint of the subject site outlined blue. Pink denotes brick or stone; blue for iron By 1854, it appears from a Woolcott and Clarke map and yellow for wood. that the land had been subdivided (see Figure 2.2). Source: Doves Plans of Sydney, 1880, Historical Atlas of Sydney

In 1880, 305 Kent Street was comprised of two The 1882 Assessment Book records 305 Kent Street allotments (303 and 305 Kent Street), with each as being occupied by a shop owned by Mrs Reynolds allotment containing a two storey masonry building, and utilised by Samuel Preston.12 This corresponds presumably a ground floor shop with residence above. with the 1880 map of Sydney which indicates that 305 A single story masonry building is also located to the Kent Street was occupied by a printer named Preston. rear.11 The map also records that 303 Kent was occupied by an individual by the name of Porter who operated a 6 City of Sydney, Assessment Books 1845-1948, 1856 restaurant. 7 City of Sydney, Assessment Books 1845-1948, 1896 8 Trove, ‘ Advertising’, The Daily Telegraph, 10 April 1920, p.19. 9 City of Sydney, Assessment Books 1845-1948, 1924 10 NSW LPI, Certificate, of Title Vol. 3984 Fol 178 11 Historical Atlas of Sydney, Doves Plans of Sydney, 1880 12 City of Sydney, Assessment Books 1845-1948, 1882

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 9 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 “2 shops and dwellings for demolition and removal...The above are 2 first-class buildings, and constructed with brick on stone foundations, with slate and iron roofs.”14

Subsequently, on the 19 August, the auction of building materials at 303-305 Kent Street was advertised, indicating that demolition had most likely occurred in the interim period.15

2.3.3 35-39 ERSKINE STREET

A Woolcott and Clarke map, dated 1854, indicates that development on 35-39 Erskine and in its immediate vicinity had begun to occur (see Figure 2.2).

N By 1880, the area now referred to as 47-33 Erskine Street, inclusive of 35-39 Erskine Street, was occupied by several one to two storey, predominately iron Figure 2.4 16 Extract from 1888 subdivision plan showing the approximate buildings. The current 35-39 Erskine Street, which footprint of the subject site outlined in blue. Pink denotes brick or was numbered 37-33 Erskine Street during this period, stone, blue for iron and yellow for wood. was occupied by a two storey iron building referred to Source: State Library of NSW, Collection of Subdivision Plans for as the Newcastle hotel (No. 37), a butcher (No. 35) and City of Sydney, 1888-1889, Call No. F981.11/C, Digital Order No. a6836003 a masonry building (No. 33). The 1882 Assessment Books identify No. 33 as stables17

2.4 INITIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDINGS

2.4.1 301 KENT STREET, c.1927

The current building located at 301 Kent Street appears to have been constructed c.1927 for T. M. Goodall & Co. Ltd (later Goodall & Co Pty Ltd). The ‘Construction and Local Government Journal’ noted the “erection of warehouse, 301 Kent Street”, on the 19 January 1927.18 This same advertisement listed H. E Ross and Rowe as the architects.19

The architectural firm of Ross & Rowe was originally N formed in 1911 by Herbert Ernest Ross and Harry Ruskin Rowe. The firm undertook both residential and Figure 2.5 commercial projects, however, were best known for Extract from c.1927-1939 map showing the approximate footprint their commercial work such as the Commonwealth of the subject site outlined in blue. Bank, Oxford Street, Paddington, NSW (1912) and Source: Plans of Sydney (Fire Underwriters), Map 13, 1917-1939, Historical Atlas of Sydney the Royal Automobile Club building, Macquarie Street, Sydney (1926-8).20

The 1907 Assessment Books indicates that the 14 Trove, ‘Advertising’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 3 August 1990, ownership of the land had transferred to T. M. Goodall p.10. & Co. Ltd.13 15 Trove, ‘Auction Sales To-day’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 19 August 1909, p.9 16 Historical Atlas of Sydney, Doves Plans of Sydney, 1880 The auction of 303-305 Kent Street was advertised on 17 City Plan Heritage, 35-39 Erskine Street Heritage Assessment, 3 August 1909 and contained the following description: December 2006, p.11 18 Trove, ‘Advertising’, Construction and Local Government Journal, 19 January 1927, p.2. 19 Trove, ‘Advertising’, Construction and Local Government Journal, 19 January 1927, p.2. 20 Philip Goad and Julie Willis, The Encyclopedia of Australian 13 City of Sydney, Assessment Books 1845-1948, 1907 Architecture, 2012, pp.605-606

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 10 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 In 1928, ‘The Sun’ referred to the new warehouse as “Goodall House” and provided the following description:

“...The new building...is fitted up with all the latest conveniences for the comfort of their staff, and the display and handling of their large stock. Passenger and goods lifts have been installed, also luncheon rooms for the staff, strong room, board room, records rooms, and well-lighted offices, with all modern fixtures, at a total cost of £40,000...

...This will give Goodalls the finest and most modern machinery warehouse in Australia,which will enable them to display and handle their stocks to the best advantage.”21

The Fire Underwriters Sydney map, dating post 1927, identifies the new warehouse as having concrete floors and stairs, a wooden framed roof and two lifts (see Figure 2.5).

It is understood that the five-storey warehouse was Figure 2.6 erected by Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd because the company 1928 photograph showing a newly constructed 301 Kent Street. Source: Trove, ‘Goodall’s New Building’, The Sun. 13 August 1928, had outgrown their existing premises located adjacent p. 3 at 305 Kent Street (refer to Section 2.4.2).22

Originally established in 1891, Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd were machinery merchants whose core business consisted of the supply and sale of power machinery, woodworking machinery, machine tools, and engineers’ small tools.23 Figure 2.7 provides an example of an advertisement for the company in 1929.

2.4.2 305 KENT STREET (c.1910)

According to the 1929 article mentioned in the preceding section of this report (refer to Section 2.4.1), the current warehouse located at 305 Kent Street was erected in 1908. However, further research indicates that it was more likely constructed c.1910.

Figure 2.7 Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd newspaper advertisement in 1929 detailing 21 Trove, ‘Goodall’s New Building’, The Sun, 13 August 1928, p. 3 their product range. 22 Trove, ‘Goodall’s New Building’, The Sun, 13 August 1928, p. 3 Source: Trove, ‘Advertising, The Sun. 25 March 1929, p. 3 23 Trove, ‘Goodall’s New Building’, The Sun, 13 August 1928, p. 3

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 11 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 An advertisement for the sale of two shops and dwellings, the buildings known to occupy the site prior to the current warehouse, were advertised in August 1909, suggesting that they were still extant at this time.24 Additionally, formal transfer of the land to T. M. Goodall & Co. Ltd is not recorded in the Certificate of Title until 8 September 1910.25 This evidence, in addition to the following reference made on 18 April 1910, strongly indicates that the extant building was not constructed until 1910:

“Additions to premises 303 and 305 Kent Street, for Mr T. M. Goodall. Mr. E. A. Scott, architect.”26

A description of the warehouse is provided in 1930, when it was advertised for sale. It reads as follows: N “Store or Warehouse premises. Specially constructed for carrying weight. The building is of brick, with cut stone and red brick front, iron Figure 2.8 Extract from 1949-1972 map showing the approximate footprint of roof, and comprises: ground and 2 upper floors, the subject site outlined in blue. comprising a floor area approaching 10,000 Source: City of Sydney - Building Surveyor’s Detail Sheets, Map 6, square feet. The ground floor (which is about 1949-1972, Historical Atlas of Sydney 20ft high) has plateglass show window, cart entrance, concrete floor, a 10-tonne travelling 2.4.3 35-39 ERSKINE STREET (c.1885) crane running the full length of the floor. There is a 30cwt Electric Hoist, and Electric Light is fitted The Sydney Sands Directory indicates that the row of throughout, also lavatory accommodation on the seven terraces which 35-39 Erskine Street originally 27 first and second floors.” formed part of were constructed c.1885. In 1884, the Sydney Sands Directory records Nos. 23-29½ on the The Fire Underwriters Sydney map, dated post 1927, southern side of Erskine Street, between Sussex and identifies the warehouse as having timber floors and Kent Streets, which generally corresponds with Doves stairs, excluding the ground floor, which was concrete Sydney Plan, dated 1880 (see Figure 2.3) and the (see Figure 2.5). buildings which preceeded the current extant terraces. In 1885, only Nos. 23-31 Erskine Street are listed in Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd were operating from this the Sydney Sands Directory, while in 1886, Nos. 23- 28 warehouse by 13 July 1910. 47 Erskine Street are all identified. This corresponds corresponding with the current numbering along this It is believed that the warehouse was designed portion of Erskine Street. by Ernest Alfred Scott.29 Scott began practicing architecture in Sydney in 1887 before taking on Edward In 1891, the Assessment Book records seven new Rodwell Green as a partner in c.1922, following which buildings owned by a D. Mitchell, all identical in they practiced as Ernest A. Scott and Green. The description being constructed of brick with an iron roof firm was best known for their blocks of flats including and having three storeys with 8 rooms.31 ‘The Manar’, Macleay Street, Potts Point (1921-26), ‘Belgenny’, Bourke Street, Darlinghurst, NSW (1938) The Fire Underwriters map, post 1927 (see Figure 30 and ‘The Claridge’, Surry Hills (1941). 2.5), identifies all the terraces, including 35-39 Erskine Street as having mansard roofs with dormer windows.

It would appear that following construction, the terraces at 35-39 Erskine Street were quickly occupied, with the Sydney Sands Directory recording in 1886 that No. 24 Trove, ‘Advertising’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 3 August 1909, p.10. 35 was occupied by an ironmonger and Nos. 35-39 by 25 NSW LPI, Certificate of Title, Vol. 2065 Fol. 148 a milliner. 26 Trove, ‘Weekly Building Review’, The Star, 18 April 1910, p.4. 27 Trove, ‘Advertising’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 23 April 1930, p.22 28 Trove, ‘Advertising’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 13 July 1910, p. 4 29 Trove, ‘Weekly Building Review’, The Star, 18 April 1910, p.4. 30 Philip Goad and Julie Willis, The Encyclopedia of Australian 31 City Plan Heritage, 35-39 Erskine Street Heritage Assessment, Architecture, 2012, p.620 December 2006, p.12

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 12 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Occupation of both 301 and 305 Kent Street by Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd appears to have continued up until the 1960s. A 1959 photograph looking southwards along Kent Street shows that the signage for Goodall & Co. is still evident on the northern facade of 301 Kent Street (see Figure 2.9).

According to City of Sydney Council records, from 1960 onwards, a series of Development Applications and other works appear to have been carried out on both warehouses suggesting a change of ownership and/or function. The Certificate of Title confirm that in 1965 the ownership of 305 Kent Street had passed to the Law Book Company.33

The following provides a summary of the known works which were undertaken at 301-305 Kent Street between 1960-1970:

• 303-305 Kent Street. 19 September 1960. Development application for alterations for use of first floor for photographic studio.34 Further information from the corresponding Building Inspectors’ Cards indicates that these alterations were to the first floor and included the erection of Figure 2.9 35 1959 photograph showing 301 and 305 Kent Street. The signage timber framed partitions. located on 301 Kent Street is indicated by the circle. Source: City of Sydney Archives, ‘Kent Street Parking Station, • 301 Kent Street, 23 August 1963. Partition and 033033396 Enquiry booth.36

2.5 SUBSEQUENT CHANGES AND • 301/303/305 Kent Street. 4 May 1965. DA for USE alterations and additions to premises. Law Book Co of Australia Pty Ltd.37 Further information 2.5.1 301-305 KENT STREET from the corresponding Building Inspectors’ Cards indicates that works included the following: Following the construction of the warehouse at 301 Kent Opening in brick walls to 3rd floor; Demolition of Street, Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd placed an advertisement partitions; Brickwork to new toilet area ground for the auction of their former warehouse at 305 Kent floor; Brickwork to toilet areas first and second Street in November 1927.32 It would appear that floors; Re-glazing to steel framed windows; Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd had originally intended to sell General plumbing and electrical; Brickwork to their former warehouse at 305 Kent Street and only to toilets 2nd and 3rd floor; Brickwork to toilets 3rd occupy their new larger premises at 301 Kent Street. floor; Door opening in north wall ground floor filled in; partitions to third floor; tiling to toilets; vinyl It is unclear why 305 Kent Street was retained tiles to floors; and fire windows installed to north by Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd, however, the Building boundary wall on 3rd floor.38 Surveyor’s Detail Sheets, dating from between 1949- 1972, indicate that both 305 and 301 Kent Street were • 301-305. 11 May 1966. Partitions 1st Floor.39 still both owned by Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd, post-1949 (see Figure 2.8). • 301/305 Kent Street. 10 April 1967. Alterations 2nd floor, approved 27/04/1967.40 The Fire Underwriters map, c.1927-1939, demonstrates that 301 Kent Street may have functioned as the main office and showroom space with 305 Kent Street retained as a machinery store for the company (see 33 NSW LPI, Certificate of Title, Vol. 2065 Fol 148 34 City of Sydney Archives, Development Application Files 787/60 Figure 2.5). 35 City of Sydney Archives, Building Inspectors’ Cards 1960/2519 36 City of Sydney Archives, Building Inspectors’ Cards 1963/1873 37 City of Sydney Archives, Building Application Files 975/65 38 City of Sydney Archives, Building Inspectors’ Cards 1965/0975 32 Trove, ‘ Indoor Auctions next week’, The Daily Telegraph, 5 November 39 City of Sydney Archives, Building Inspectors’ Cards 1966/0994 1927, p.15 40 City of Sydney Archives, Building Inspectors’ Cards 1967/0788

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 13 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 • 303-305 Kent Street. 8 July 1968. Development application for proposed erection of mezzanine floor: the ground floor for goods receiving and despatch and 1st, mezzanine and second floors for book warehousing. The Law Book Co.41 Further information from the corresponding Building Inspectors’ Cards, dated 16 August 1968, indicates that works included the following: new columns for mezzanine floor; removal of overhead crane; opening in timber floors for new columns; and erection of 1 hour fire rated walls to enclose stairs ground floor.42

• 301/305 Kent Street. 17 August 1970. Alterations, approved 11/09/1970. Erection of modular 43 Figure 2.10 partitions on first floor to form staff room. Plan showing the appearance of the northern facade of 33-39 Erskine Street in 1930. • 301 Kent Street, 22 October 1970. Application to Source: City Plan Heritage, 35-39 Erskine Street Heritage erect partitions, 4th floor.44 Assessment, 2006, p. 16

In 2008, a beauty salon was located on the ground floor of 301 Kent Street with an office furniture store located on the upper levels. A bicycle shop operated from the ground floor of 305 Kent Street with retail/ commercial offices on the upper floors.45

Currently, the properties are owned by Romanous An application (704/30) in 1930 was approved for the Developments Pty Ltd. 301 Kent Street is utilised for replacement of the awning along the facade of the two short-stay accommodation with a gym located in the pairs of terraces located at Nos. 33-39.47 basement space, while 305 Kent Street is operated as a fitness centre. Applications in 1959 indicate extensive alterations to the exterior and interior of the terraces, which largely resulted in the appearance and internal configuration 2.5.2 35-39 ERSKINE STREET which is evident today.48

The Fire Underwriters map, post 1927 (see Figure 2.5), One application in 1959, was for the demolition of indicates that 35-39 Erskine Street were continuing to the original mansard roof and dormers. It appears be used for retail with No. 35 operating as a restaurant, that approval for these works was gained for all three No. 37 as a wine shop and No. 39 as tearooms. terraces (Nos. 35-39), however, the works were not completed in their entirety as the proposed works to In 1922, a building application (242/22) demonstrates No. 35 were never undertaken.49 that minor alterations were proposed to No.37. A plan included with this application indicates that the Another application (1130/2A/59) was for the ground floor originally consisted of three rooms. The conversion of 35-39 Erskine Street into offices. The front room was the largest and contained a counter works proposed included the following: along the western wall. A staircase was located in the second room, referred to as the parlour, with the toilets • Use of terraces (35-39 Erskine Street) as and ladies room located in the rear wing. It is likely that showrooms with a reception area and passage to this configuration was also found in Nos. 35 and 39, as the rear stairs in No. 37; they were all constructed at the same time.46 • Insertion of fire stair and bathrooms into the rear wings of Nos. 37 and 39; • Demolition of existing stairs;

41 City of Sydney Archives, Development Application Files 694/68 • New shop fronts; 42 City of Sydney Archives, Building Inspectors’ Cards 968/1907 • Demolition of lath and plaster partitions on first 43 City of Sydney Archives, Building Inspectors’ Cards 1970/1058) floor; 44 City of Sydney Archives, Building Inspectors’ Cards 1970/1347 • New openings to join first floor tenancies; 45 JBA Urban Planning Consultants, Statement of Environmental Effects: 305 Kent Street, November 2008, p.4 47 ibid, p.16 46 City Plan Heritage, 35-39 Erskine Street Heritage Assessment, 2006, 48 ibid, p.17 p.15 49 ibid.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 14 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 • Insertion of a strong room into the first floor of the rear wing at No. 35; • Second floor addition to the rear wing of Nos. 37 and 39; and • New office partitions throughout first and second floors.50

Currently, the properties are owned by Romanous Developments Pty Ltd. with retail outlets operating on the ground level and rental accommodation provided above.

50 ibid.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 15 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 3.0 SITE DESCRIPTION

3.1 URBAN CONTEXT

The subject site is located in the Sydney Central Business District, at the north-eastern end of the city block which is bounded by Erskine Street to the north, Kent Street to the east, Sussex Street to the west and King Street to the south. This area is characterised by a mixture of commercial building types dating from the late nineteenth century and high-rise contemporary development. Figure 3.1 View north along Kent Street with subject buildings indicated by The L-shaped site has frontages to both Kent Street arrows (pink is 305 Kent Street, blue is 301 Kent Street). and Erskine Street. Both streets are narrow, well- trafficked urban streets lined primarily by commercial buildings. On the Kent Street side, the site is flanked by three and twenty-three storey buildings, and on Erskine Street by three and nine storey buildings.

Views along Kent and Erskine Street to the facades of the subject buildings are limited by the narrowness of the streets, though clear views are available at close proximity. Due to the 3 storey height of the building located on the corner block, the northern facade of 301 Kent Street stands out above its neighbour.

3.2 301 KENT STREET Figure 3.2 View south-west at the intersection of Erskine and Kent Streets with 301 Kent Street is a concrete-framed five storey subject buildings indicated by arrows (pink is 305 Kent Street, blue is 301 Kent Street; red is 35-39 Erskine Street). building which displays typical elements of the Federation warehouse style.1 The building also contains a basement level which is accessed off Kent Street via a right-of-way lane located at ground level.

The main frontage is to Kent Street, with an exposed side wall for the upper levels rising above the three- storey corner building. This upper portion of the northern facade is rendered and contains remnant signage from a previous occupant. A flat roof is concealed behind parapet walls. The southern and western walls are not visible due to the siting of adjacent development.

The upper four levels of the facade are face brick and are divided into three vertical bays, with the outer bays having a single window width, and the middle bay Figure 3.3 1 Apperly, Irving and Reynolds, A Pictorial Guide to Identifying View east along Erskine Street with 35-39 Erskine Street indicated Australian Architecture,1994, p.p. 128-131 by the red arrow

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 16 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 with three windows across. The facade has a vertical measuring one window wide and the northern bay emphasis deriving from the two outer bays which measuring three windows wide. The vertical piers present as two piers rising for several floors, with the of the northern bays terminate in arches with brick middle bay recessed between them. detailing and the use of sandstone for sills and lintels that accentuate the recessed spandrels. The spandrels The upper level of the facade is distinguished from along the lower level are finished with a green tile. the lower three levels by a protruding cornice and horizontal brick detailing which continues across the The flat roof is concealed behind a parapet with entire width of the facade. All windows are aluminium projecting cornice, with the windows on the three upper and feature brick lintels and sills. levels being a combination of timber double-hung sash windows and timber casement windows. The ground floor facade is separated from the upper levels by a suspended metal box awning with metal At ground level there is some rusticated sandstone soffit. The facade is tiled and contains three openings, surrounding the opening in the southern bay. Two including an entrance doorway, show window and additional openings, a large show window and roller right-of-way access. door are located in the two northern bays. These openings are surrounded by contemporary panel The original Goodall House signage (as shown in signs. Figure 2.6) has been replaced by blade and numeral signage. Signage, both blade and numeral, has also been added to the vertical pier which separates the two Internally, the original structure has largely been northern bays, just above the first row of windows. concealed behind later finishes. Generally, above ground level, spaces are arranged in an identical Internally, the eastern portion of the ground floor manner with partition walls dividing the space into a level is a large double height space, however, a later series of smaller rooms. Painted concrete octagonal mezzanine level has been added, evident along the columns are visible in some spaces while the concrete northern wall. The original timber post and beam floor and ceilings are concealed behind contemporary structure with exposed herringbone struts, is visible in finishes such as suspended plasterboard ceilings. some areas.

Access through the building is provided by one lift and On the upper levels, the original timber beam structure a stairwell, both located in the south-eastern corner is concealed by a suspended ceiling. Timber double- of the building. The stairwell is concrete with a steel hung sash windows are evident on the rear (western) balustrade and tiled finish. facade of the building.

The building appears to be generally in fair condition Access is limited to one stairwell which is located in the both externally and internally. There is vegetation south-eastern corner of the building. It is a relatively growing from the brickwork on the eastern facade, simple timber construction with a steel handrail. A however, there are no obvious signs of cracking in the contemporary goods lift has also been installed in the brickwork. western portion of the building.

Overall, the building’s level of integrity is high. While The building appears to be generally in fair condition there have been changes to the internal fitout, there externally. Internally, there appears to be evidence of has been little change to the building’s structure, water ingress with damage evident on the underside of envelope or general appearance and its original the Level 1 timber flooring. character remains largely intact. Overall, the building’s level of integrity is high. While there has been change to the internal fitout, particularly 3.3 305 KENT STREET through the inclusion of a mezzanine, there has been little change to the building’s structure, envelope or 305 Kent Street is a four-storey brick building which general appearance and its original character remains displays typical elements of the Federation warehouse largely intact. style.2

Its main frontage is to Kent Street whose facade is divided into three vertical bays, with the southern bay

2 Apperly, Irving and Reynolds, A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture,1994, p.p. 128-131

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 17 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 3.4 35-39 ERSKINE STREET Overall, the building’s level of integrity is low. While the facade of No. 35 is largely intact the relationship 35-39 Erskine Street comprise three rendered brick of this terrace with the other six has been lost. retail residential terraces. The terraces primary frontage Additionally, alterations internally and to the rear of is to Erskine Street, with Nos. 37 and 39 presenting as the buildings have significantly changed their structure three storeys and No. 35 presenting as two storeys and envelope. with dormer window. The terraces step down to the west with the sloping topography of Erskine Street. The photographs on the following pages indicate the nature and context of the subject buildings. The terraces originally were constructed as part of a larger row of seven, refer to Section 2.4.3, however, only No. 35 has remained relatively intact above the awning.

The upper level of No. 35 features a pair of double hung timber sash windows with moulded detailing, a moulded cornice and parapet incorporating a dormer. The dormer features a masonry gable which is accentuated by a dot motif moulding and an arched window with moulded detailing. A typical mansard roof clad in corrugated metal is visible behind the dormer.

The original dormer and mansard roof of Nos. 37 and 39 have been removed and replaced with a rendered masonry wall with metal frame windows and a low parapet concealing the flat roof behind. The original pair of double-hung timber sash windows with moulded detailing has been retained on the Level 1 facade, however the intricate cornice has been modified.

A suspended box awning stretches across the entire length of the three terraces, with a slight step down from No. 37 to No. 35. The original ground floor shopfronts have been replaced with contemporary steel framed glazing.

At the rear, both the elevations of Nos. 37 and 39 have been modified to incorporate new concrete fire stairs. No. 35 is partially intact and is comprised of two storeys with skillion roof.

Internally, there has been significant modification throughout all three terraces. On the ground floor No. 35 has a contemporary cafe fit-out and Nos. 37 and 39 have been combined into one single tenancy through the creation of large openings in the structural wall arches. The flooring is concrete and a contemporary ceiling has been installed.

On the upper levels the internal cross walls have been demolished in order to interconnect the terraces across each level. The ceilings, partitions, cornices and joinery appear to be non-original fabric.

35-39 Erskine Street appears to be in generally good condition with no evidence of water penetration or structural deterioration.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 18 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Figure 3.6 View south-east, showing box awning of 301 Kent Street.

Figure 3.4 Eastern facade of 301 Kent Street. .

Figure 3.7 View showing northern facade of 301 Kent Street with remnant signage of former occupant.

Figure 3.5 Westwards view inside typical floor (Level 3) of 301 Kent Street. .

Figure 3.8 Ceiling of ground floor showing concrete ceiling above suspended plasterboard ceiling.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 19 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Figure 3.9 Figure 3.11 Ground floor entrance and stairs in 301 Kent Street. View of typical octagonal concrete column in 301 Kent Street.

Figure 3.10 Figure 3.12 View west along ramp leading to basement level of 301 Kent Street. View east inside basement of 301 Kent Street. The rear of 35-39 Erskine Street is located on the right.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 20 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Figure 3.15 Detail of parapet and arches located on eastern facade of 305 Kent Street.

Figure 3.13 Eastern facade of 305 Kent Street. .

Figure 3.16 Detail of lower section of the eastern facade of 305 Kent Street. .

Figure 3.14 Ceiling of ground floor inside 305 Kent Street, showing timber posts, beams, joists and herringbone struts. The later mezzanine is visible on the right.

Figure 3.17 Eastwards view inside typical floor (Floor 3) of 305 Kent Street.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 21 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Figure 3.18 Figure 3.20 Ground floor room located at western end of 305 Kent Street. Ceiling of Level 2, showing timber beam evident under the suspended ceiling.

Figure 3.19 Figure 3.21 View of typical eastern facade windows (Level 3) of 301 Kent View of stairs from Level 3 in 305 Kent Street. Street.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 22 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Figure 3.22 Figure 3.24 Northern facade of 35-39 Kent Street (left to right; No. 39, No. 37, View of ground floor interior at 37 Erskine Street. No. 35)

Figure 3.25 Later fire stair located in the rear wing of Nos. 37 and 39 Erskine Street.

Figure 3.23 Rear (southern) elevation of 35 Erskine Street.

Figure 3.26 View north inside typical floor (Level 1) of 35-39 Erskine Street.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 23 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 4.0 ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 301-305 KENT STREET

Heritage, or “cultural” value, is a term used to describe 4.2.1 ESTABLISHED SIGNIFICANCE an item’s value or importance to our current society and is defined as follows in The Australia ICOMOS As detailed in Section 1.5 of this report, neither 301 Burra Charter, 2013, published by Australia ICOMOS or 305 Kent Street are listed as items of heritage (Article 1.0): significance in any statutory instrument.

Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, In the City of Sydney Industrial and Warehouse scientific or social or spiritual value for past, present Buildings Heritage Study, dated October 2014, or future generations.1 both 301 and 305 Kent Street were identified as being outside the study area but worthy of further This section establishes the criteria which are used to investigation.3 understand significance and identifies the reasons for the cultural value of the site and its components. 4.2.2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Significance may be contained within, and Introduction demonstrated by, the fabric of an item; its setting and 301 and 305 Kent Street were completed in c.1927 relationship with other items; historical records that and c.1910, respectively, for the machinery merchant allow us to understand it in terms of its contemporary company Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd. context, and in the response that the item stimulates in those who value it.2 The assessment of significance is Although constructed 27 years apart and attributed not static. Significance may increase as more is learnt to different architects, both 301 and 305 Kent Street about the past and as items become rare, endangered display features of the Federation Warehouse style. or illustrate aspects that achieve a new recognition of importance. For the purposes of this comparison only warehouses constructed in the Federation Warehouse style and Determining the cultural value is at the basis of located in central Sydney have been selected. all planning for places of historic value. A clear determination of significance permits informed All of the warehouses selected are listed in Schedule decisions for future planning that will ensure that 5 of the Sydney LEP 2012. They include the following: the expressions of significance are retained and conserved, enhanced or at least minimally impacted • Hordern Warehouse, 360-362 Kent Street; upon. A clear understanding of the nature and degree • Civic House, 477-481 Kent Street; of significance will determine the parameters for, and • Noyes Bros Warehouse, 115 Clarence Street; flexibility of, any future development. • Carlton House, 38-44 York Street; • Frank F Bundock Warehouse, 125 York Street; A historical analysis and understanding of the physical and evidence provides the context for assessing the • QVB Chambers, 143-145 York Street. significance. These are presented in the preceding sections. An assessment of significance is made by applying standard evaluation criteria to the facts of the item’s development and associations.

1 The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance, 2013, p.2 3 City Plan, City of Sydney Industrial and Warehouse Buildings Heritage 2 ie “social”, or community, value Study, 2014, p.48

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 24 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 group of late 19th and early 20th century former warehouses between King and Market Street. It has historic significance as a physical reminder of the proliferation of warehouse construction in the western precinct of Sydney during the late 19th and early 20th century, and is associated with Sydney architect John Spencer who designed a number of buildings in this area.

Civic House, 477-481 Kent Street The NSW Heritage Database provides the following information for the Former Warehouse Including Interior, Database No. 2424175, built c.1917:

Construction years: 1917-1917 Physical description: Civic House is a voluminous brick-facade building divided into three bays. The slope of Kent Street necessitated different floor levels; the south bay is six steps higher than the northern two. This difference prevails for the full height of the building. The ground floor front is rendered and channel-rusticated. The next two Figure 4.1 storeys have a recessed-brick rustication, their Former Hordern warehouse, Kent Street facade. three-light windows segmentally arched. In the Source: NSW State Heritage Database top two storeys only the piers are rusticated. The third-floor paired windows have flat arches; those Federation Warehouses in Central Sydney of the top storey are Diocletian. Embellishments include small oculi with prominent voussoirs. The Hordern Warehouse, 360-362 Kent Street rear elevation expresses the original warehouse The NSW Heritage Database provides the following function, with three full-height loading bays information for the Former “Hordern” Warehouse made into windows. The interior comprises brick Including Interiors, Database No. 2424023, built dividing walls, heavy timber posts, and I-beam c.1909: bolsters with timber girders between. In the top storey the composite-truss ridged roof over the Designer/Maker: John B Spencer two north bays and the higher trussed skillion Construction years: 1909-1909 over the south bay can be seen. Physical description: Century House is an 8 storey former factory and warehouse in the Federation Warehouse style. The facade is polychrome brick with rusticated sandstone used for the ground and first floor, and above for lintels and cornices. The facade has a strong vertical emphasis deriving from the main brick piers which rise several floors, with the remainder of the facade recessed between them. Windows are timber framed, and the front entrance has a later (Interwar) surround and doors. Internally, the original structure has largely been concealed behind later finishes. However, many early (although possibly not original) internal elements survive including a birdcage lift, an early timber stair and a remnant of pressed metal ceiling.

Statement of Significance: Century House has aesthetic significance as Figure 4.2 Civic House located at 477-481 Kent Street. a good and substantially intact example of the Source: NSW State Heritage Database Federation Warehouse style which contributes to the streetscape of Kent Street as part of a cohesive

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 25 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Figure 4.3 Figure 4.4 Former Noyes Brothers warehouse located at 115 Clarence Street. Former Carlton House located at 38-44 York Street. Source: NSW State Heritage Database Source: NSW State Heritage Database

Statement of Significance: The building is six storeys, plus a basement and The building now known as Civic House, 477-481 partial rooftop level, constructed of brick walls Kent Street, represents a period of history when with timber floors. The fat roof is concealed warehouses and bonded stores were important behind parapet walls. The building measures in this part of the city. It has aesthetic significance approximately 29 metres above street level (96 as a substantial streetscape element, reflecting feet) based on original architectural drawings. in its design the slope of the street. It displays Original drawings indicate the basement level fine workmanship and good detailing in brick. Its measured 14 feet internally (24 feet externally), traditional composite construction remains visible the ground level had 13 feet ceiling heights (23 in several parts of the building. It is an interesting feet externally) and the upper levels had 11-12 example of modern adaptive re-use. It retains feet ceiling heights (14-18 feet externally). evidence of its former warehouse function. The building is designed in the Federation Noyes Bros Warehouse, 115 Clarence Street warehouse architectural style. It exhibits typical The NSW Heritage Database provides the following characteristics of this style including the masonry information for the Former Noyes Bros Warehouse construction, face brickwork (since painted), Including Interior, Database No. 5062503, built c.1910- facade rectangularity emphasised by projecting 1911: bracketed cornice, decorative parapet wall, piers dividing the facade into four vertical bays, three Physical description: bays terminated by pronounced arches, and The building was constructed in 1910-11 as a pairs of timber double-hung sash windows. warehouse, showroom and head office for Noyes Bros, designed by architects, Spain, Cosh & While the Clarence Street façade is evenly divided Minnett, and built by J M and A Pringle. into four bays of paired timber windows, the south bay is treated separately as the bay originally The building is situated on a rectangular land containing the main arched entrance at the ground parcel beside the corner pub of Wynyard Hotel floor. The southern bay is distinguished from the at the intersection of Erskine Street. Its main northern three by the different flat window heads frontage is to Clarence Street, with an exposed with decorative reliefwork, the different parapet side wall for the upper levels above the three- profile and the spandrels flush with the plane storey Wynyard Hotel. of the piers emphasising the verticality of this bay. Continuous rendered brick lintels and sills

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 26 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Figure 4.5 Figure 4.6 Former Frank F Bundock warehouse located at 125 York Street. QVB Chambers, former warehouse, located at 143-145 York Street. Source: NSW State Heritage Database Source: NSW State Heritage Database

emphasise the spandrels between levels. Sydney and the intensified development of the inner-city during the Federation period. At the street level, the opening for the original cartway at the north end of the ground floor As the purpose-built head office, showroom elevation is retained. The awning has been and warehouse for building and engineering replaced. suppliers Noyes Bros, the building is historically significant as evidence of Sydney’s widespread The exposed side wall of unadorned brickwork engineering and building industries during the contains setback windows and remnants of first half of the twentieth century. The continuous earlier painted signs. association of the building with Noyes Bros until the 1950s documents the increasing demand Internally, the building retains its timber floors for building materials and machinery during the and timber stair. The staircase is panelled with twentieth century, associated with technological Queensland Maple wainscoting on the ground innovations of the time, such as the advent of and first floor levels. The ground floor lift foyer electricity and reinforced concrete construction. also retains some original or possibly inter-war finishes, including green terrazzo floors. Architecturally, the building demonstrates a good example of an inner-city warehouse While the ground floor fenestration and awning designed in the Federation warehouse style by have been altered and the northern cartway noted architects, Spain, Cosh & Minnett. The opening infilled, the building retains a high degree building exhibits typical characteristics of this of overall architectural integrity. style including the masonry construction, face brickwork (since painted), facade rectangularity Statement of Significance: emphasised by projecting bracketed cornice, Built in 1910-11 as warehouses and offices for decorative parapet wall, piers dividing the facade Noyes Bros, the building demonstrates the into four vertical bays, three bays terminated by Federation development of one of Sydney’s pronounced arches, and pairs of timber double- earliest warehouse districts during the early hung sash windows. While the ground floor twentieth century, associated with the major fenestration and awning have been altered and working port of Darling Harbour. The height and the northern cartway opening infilled, the building design quality of the building provide evidence of retains a high degree of overall architectural the growth of industry and commerce in central integrity.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 27 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 and comprises two former warehouse spaces The building makes an important contribution either side of the central cartway and two former to the streetscape of Clarence Street. With its cart docks and loading elevatoors at the rear also near proximity to the Erskine Street corner, either side of the cartway. Above ground floor, exposed side wall, relative height compared the floor plan is continuous over the cartway to the corner hotel and Federation warehouse with a small light well to the rear. The original features, the building forms a distinctive feature stairs were central to each level directly above in the streetscape of Clarence Street, which is the cartway. The internal structure comprises visible from a number of near and distant vantage concrete encased steel columns and beams, with points, including Erskine Street. timber floors. The original pressed metal ceilings emain in parts covered over by later suspended The building also represents one of the cohesive ceilings. The conversion of the building for office group of multi-storey warehouse buildings from uses has resulted in the oversheeting of most the Victorian and Federation periods located original internal fabric and finishes, although in the narrow grid pattern of streets along the many early elements remain including a cartway western edge of central Sydney north of Sydney with wrought iron gates. Town Hall. Statement of Significance: This former warehouse forms part of one of Carlton House has aesthetic significance as a the largest known collections of industrial and good example of the Federation Warehouse warehouse buildings of its kind in Australia, style, which is part of a coherent yet varied group which records City of Sydney’s past as one of of late 19th and early 20th century warehouses in only two historic industrial heartlands in Australia. York Street, the compelling streetscape presence This collection of buildings provides evidence of which has been described as the York Street of Australia’s twentieth century transformation Wall. It has historic significance as a physical through industrialisation when Sydney became reminder of the proliferation of warehouse one of the largest industrialised cities in the construction in the western precinct of Sydney South Pacific. during the late 19th and early 20th century, and is associated with the well-known Sydney architects The former warehouse is of local heritage Robertson & Marks. It has scientific significance significance in terms of its historical, association, deriving from the survival of the central cartway, aesthetic and representative value. one of only eight examples that remain in central Sydney, of which the best is the former Foley Carlton House, 38-44 York Street Bros warehouse (230-232 Sussex Street). The NSW Heritage Database provides the following information for the Former Warehouse “Carlton House” Frank F Bundock Warehouse, 125 York Street Including Interiors, Cartway and Courtyard, Database The NSW Heritage Database provides the following No. 2424058, built c.1909: information for the Former Warehouse “Frank F Bundock” Including Interiors, Database No. 2424066, Construction years: 1909-1909 built c.1908: Physical description: Carlton House is a seven storey building in the Federation Warehouse Designer/Maker: Spain & Cosh style, with a face brick facade using sandstone Construction years: 1908-1908 as contrasting features including as a rusticated Physical description: The building at 125 base, as lintel and sill features at each level, York Street is a six storey former warehouse as piers framing windows on the upper level in Federation Warehouse style. It has a typical and as a projecting cornice at parapet level . facade three bays wide of face brick with both The facade, despite its lack of decoration, has rock faced and dressed sandstone used for a strongly vertical emphasis given by the piers the ground level wall, sills, lintels, arches and between bays which rise uninterrupted between decorative elements. Windows above ground the basecourse and cornice. The central level are timber framed; retail levels have altered pair of piers terminate in an arched element openings and shopfronts. Internally the building which rises above the cornice. The facade has has concrete encased steel columns and timber aluminium framed windows and shopfronts. floors, with main dividing walls of plastered brick The base walling of the ground floor comprises and partitions of various lightweight materials. large rusticated sandstone piers forming 5 bays The foyer and main stair are later additions bridged by segmental arches. The internal plan at ground floor is symmetrical about the cartway,

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 28 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Statement of Significance: • In addition to the above, 305 Kent Street also The building at 125 York Street has aesthetic utilises sandstone at ground level and for sills and significance as a good and reasonably intact lintels above. The vertical piers of the northern example of the Federation Warehouse style, bays terminate in arches which is a common which retains its original structure as well as feature across all the warehouses considered in the masonry facade and timber windows above this analysis. ground level and forms part of a fine group of late 19th and early 20th century warehouses in York • The exterior of 301 Kent Street is much simpler in Street. It has historic significance as a physical terms of its primary facade treatment. Unlike 305 reminder of the proliferation of warehouse Kent Street, the use of sandstone and arches has construction in the western precinct of Sydney not been employed. during the late 19th and early 20th century, and is associated with the well-known Sydney architects • Both 305 Kent Street and the Former Noyes Spain & Cosh. Brothers warehouse located at 115 Clarence Street have asymmetrical facades with the northern bays QVB Chambers, 143-145 York Street differentiated by the use of terminating arches. The NSW Heritage Database provides the following information for the Former Warehouse Including • Neither building has retained any distinctive Interiors, Database No. 2424070, built c.1922: original internal features such as pressed metal ceilings, goods lift or overhead crane. Designer/Maker: Spencer & Spencer Construction years: 1922-1922 • The original timber and post beam structure within Physical description: QVB Chambers is a 305 Kent Street is not unusual or distinctive. very late example of the Federation Warehouse style. It has eight storeys and a basement, and • Both 301 and 305 Kent Street were purpose-built is constructed with a reinforced concrete frame for Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd. Warehouses during and a face brick facade with the typical rock this period were generally purpose-built for the faced sandstone base wall and dressed stone companies which would occupy them. window surrounds to steel framed windows. The arched windows at the top of the original building (5th floor) have dressed stone surrounds and an inner arch also of stone. The facade treatment has been reproduced in the lower section of the upper floors which were added at a later date; these are stepped back from the street alignment and have aluminium windows as does the rendered and painted rear facade. Internally, the original octagonal concrete columns remain the dominant feature; elsewhere, partitioning, ceilings and services are modern

Statement of Significance: QVB Chambers has historic significance as a very late example of the Federation Warehouse style, and a rare instance of the use of a reinforced concrete frame in a building of this style. It has aesthetic significance as part of a fine group of early 20th century warehouses in York Street opposite the Queen Victoria Building.

Conclusions

• Both 301 and 305 Kent street display characteristics of the Federation Warehouse architectural style, such as use of face brickwork and emphatic vertical brick piers. They both also feature tripartite massing.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 29 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 4.2.3 ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE neither demonstrates landmark qualities.

The following commentary discusses how each of the Both 301 and 305 Kent Street display features of criteria established by the New South Wales Heritage the Federation warehouse style, such as use of face Office (now the Heritage Division of the NSW Office of brickwork and sandstone, and emphatic vertical Environment and Heritage) relate to the subject site. brick piers terminating in arches. However, neither are aesthetically distinctive or are “important in Criterion (a) – An item is important in the course, demonstrating the aesthetic characteristics” of the or pattern, of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or Federation Warehouse style. the cultural or natural history of the local area) The subject properties are not considered to meet the 301 and 305 Kent Street are illustrative of warehouse threshold for local listing under this criterion. development which occurred in central Sydney during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Criterion (d) - An item has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural 301 and 305 Kent Street have some historical group in NSW (or the local area) for social, cultural significance as early twentieth warehouses constructed or spiritual reasons in central Sydney but are not considered “important in the course or pattern, of the local area’s cultural 301 and 305 Kent Street have no “strong or special history”. association” with any particular community or cultural groups in the local area. The subject properties are not considered to meet the threshold for local listing under this criterion. The subject properties are not considered to meet the threshold for local listing under this criterion. Criterion (b) - An item has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or Criterion (e) - An item has potential to yield group of persons, of importance in NSW’s cultural information that will contribute to an understanding or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural of the local area) or natural history of the local area)

301 Kent Street is attributed to the architectural firm The construction methods used in the erection of both Ross & Rowe and 305 Kent Street is attributed to 301 and 305 Kent Street were typical for the period. architect Ernest Alfred Scott. Although both architects As the construction process was standard for the early are relatively well-known neither 301 or 305 Kent twentieth century, it is considered unlikely to add to the Street represent major works by these architects. existing body of knowledge relating to the development of the area, or of the technologies used. 301 and 305 Kent Street were both purpose built by the company Goodall & Co. Pty Ltd and both structures The subject properties are not considered to meet the appear to have been occupied by the company from threshold for local listing under this criterion. their construction up until the 1960s. No evidence has been found which demonstrates that the company is Criterion (f) - An item possesses uncommon, “of importance to the cultural history of the local area”. rare or endangered aspects of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of The subject properties are not considered to meet the the local area) threshold for local listing under this criterion. Both 301 and 305 Kent Street are examples of Criterion (c) - An item is important in demonstrating warehouses constructed in the early twentieth century. aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of There are numerous other examples of this building creative or technical achievement in NSW (or the type in the locality that are listed as individual heritage local area) items. As such the continued presence of this building typology is not considered to be “rare” or under threat. Both 301 and 305 Kent Street were constructed during the early twentieth century with no innovative The subject properties are not considered to meet the construction or structural techniques known to have threshold for local listing under this criterion. been utilised in their construction.

Both 301 and 305 Kent Street make some contribution to Kent Street, however, this contribution is limited and

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 30 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Criterion (g) - An item is important in demonstrating 4.3 35-39 ERSKINE STREET the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s cultural or natural places; or cultural or natural 4.3.1 ESTABLISHED SIGNIFICANCE environments (or a class of the local area’s cultural or natural places; or cultural or natural As detailed in Section 1.5 of this report, 35-39 Erskine environments) Street is not listed an item of heritage significance in any statutory instrument. Both 301 and 305 Kent Street demonstrate features of the Federation Warehouse style, however, neither 4.3.2 PREVIOUS ASSESSMENTS are considered to be “important in demonstrating the principal characteristics” of the Federation Warehouse An assessment of heritage significance for 35-39 architectural style. Erskine Street was undertaken by City Plan Heritage in December 2006. The subject properties are not considered to meet the threshold for local listing under this criterion. The following analysis and Statement of Significance was provided: 4.2.4 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Statement of Significance: Built in c.1927 and c.1910, 301 and 305 Kent Street The subject building at No 35-39 Erskine Street, are both illustrative of warehouse development which Sydney is a very heavily modified example of a occurred in Sydney during the late nineteenth and early late Victorian commercial terrace constructed as twentieth centuries. However, they are not considered part of a row of 7. It originally featured moulded “important in the course or pattern, of the local area’s detailing, a mansard roof and dormers however cultural history”. those defining features only remain on one of the seven terraces. 301 and 305 Kent Street do not have a “strong or special association with the life or works of a person, The site is not historically evident of the dominant or group of persons”. forms of development that were occurring throughout and in this portion of the city at that 303 and 305 Kent Street do not demonstrate a “high time and continue to characterise the Sydney degree of creative or technical achievement”. Nor CBD. The site does not demonstrate a high are they “important in demonstrating the aesthetic degree of creative achievement in the local area characteristics” of the Federation Warehouse style. when compared to the quality of late Victorian commercial architecture in the CBD. 301 and 305 Kent Street have no “strong or special association” with any particular community or cultural Due to the extensive changes that have occurred groups in the local area. to the place and the typical quality the subject site does not demonstrate the high level of cultural 301 and 305 Kent Street are not considered to have value to be considered a significant place within the “potential to yield information that will contribute the local area. to an understanding of the local area’s history”. They also do not “possess uncommon, rare or endangered Conclusion and Recommendations: aspects of the local area’s cultural history”. It is concluded that the subject site does not 301 and 305 Kent Street are not considered satisfy any of the NSW Heritage Assessment to be “important in demonstrating the principal Criteria and therefore does not demonstrate characteristics” of Federation Warehouse architectural significant cultural value within the local context. style. The conservation of the building is not warranted.

It is concluded that 301 and 305 Kent Street do not It is recommended that the subject site is removed meet the threshold of significance for local heritage from the List of Proposed New Heritage Items listing. and is not listed as a heritage item on schedule 1 of the Sydney LEP.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 31 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 Should redevelopment of the site occur it is including interiors located at 123-129 Clarence suggested that the place be subject to an Street (and 252-258 Kent Street) (Local archival recording prior to demolition and that significance, I2274); and an archaeological assessment of the site occurs • Former Terrace group including interiors located at prior to excavation. 42-50 Erskine Street (Local significance, I1754).

4.3.3 CONCLUSION The NSW Heritage Inventory contains the following Statements of Significance for these items: Following a review of the above analysis, GBA Heritage concurs with the findings of the previous Commercial Terrace group including interiors heritage assessment that 35-39 Erskine Street do not 62-66A Erskine Street meet the threshold for local listing as a heritage item. Database entry number 2423715

The retail residential terraces at 62-66A Erskine 4.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL Street and 295 Kent Street reflect the major period of development in the city during the It is beyond the scope of this assessment to address later decades of the nineteenth century. They sub-surface deposits. A separate archaeological particularly reflect the social & economic make- assessment, prepared by Extent Heritage Advisors, up of this portion of the city during the later March 2019, accompanies this application. nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The corner terrace in this row is a key contributor It is noted that Central Sydney Archaeological Zoning to an historic streetscape which includes 42-50 Plan 1992 identifies the following in relation to the Erskine Street (Item 2020), 52-54 Erskine Street subject site: 35 Erskine Street - Area of Archaeological (Item 2021) and also extends into the next block Potential, 37-45 Erskine Street - Area of Archaeological up to 82 Erskine Street. It is a fine example of the Potential, 301 Kent Street - Area of Archaeological Victorian Free Classical style skilfully addressing Potential and Deeper Sub-surface Features Only and the corner location with a chamfered facade that 305 Kent Street - Area of Archaeological Potential and rises above the adjoining parapet level. Partially Disturbed.

The Archaeological Management Provisions of the Former “CW Foley & Co”commercial terrace NSW Heritage Act apply to any relics which are pair including interiors essentially located below ground level. If, at any time, 52-54 Erskine Street unexpected archaeological remains are uncovered or Database entry number 2423714 disturbed, work must stop immediately and the NSW Heritage Council must be notified. The former C W. Foley building is part of the historic pattern of small scale commercial & residential development on the north west fringe 4.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF HERITAGE of the CBD at the turn of the century. It reflects ITEMS IN THE VICINITY the social & economic make-up of that portion of the city at that time and is considered to be of There are a number of individually listed heritage items local significance. in the vicinity of the subject site. The closest being: 52-54 Erskine Street is a fine example of the • Commercial Terrace group including interiors Federation Anglo Dutch style in an urban context located at 62-66A Erskine Street (Local retaining its original steep gable form clad in significance, I1756); ceramic tiles, fine stucco detailing & timber • Former “CW Foley & Co” commercial terrace pair shopfronts. It is slightly marred by the painting of including interiors located at 52-54 Erskine Street the facade. This unique building is an important (Local significance, I1755); contributor to the historic streetscape character at • “Watch House Terrace” including interiors located the western end of Erskine Street in association at 68-80 Erskine Street (State significance, I1757 with 42-50 Erskine Street (Item 2020) and 62-66A in LEP and 00223 in the NSW State Heritage (Item 2022) and the buildings in the next block as Register); far as 82 Erskine Street. High Significance:Overall • Former “Watch House” including interiors located building form and scale, parapet profile & details at 82 Erskine Street (State significance, I1758 and including lettering, arched timber frame windows, 00501 and in the NSW State Heritage Register); timber framed shopfronts. Medium Significance: • Former Edwards Dunlop & Co warehouses Interior spaces and finishes.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 32 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 CW FOLEY & CO. COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL TERRACE TERRACE I1755 GROUP I1756 COMMERCIAL TERRACE GROUP I1754

FORMER WATCH WATCH HOUSE HOUSE I1758 TERRACE I1757 ERSKINE ST

EDWARDS DUNLOP AND CO. WAREHOUSES

I2274

KENT ST KENT SUSSEX ST SUSSEX

N

Figure 4.7 Aerial view showing the relationship between the subject site (outlined blue) and the heritage items in the vicinity shaded red. Source: Nearmap, 2019

“Watch House Terrace”including interiors well considered and demonstrate the adaptation 68-80 Erskine Street of early buildings that has taken place. It is part Database entry number 2423716 of the Erskine Street group of nineteenth century buildings that is one of the major groups in the city. The building is in a pivotal location on the 66-80 Erskine Street is of architectural and social corner of Clarence and Erskine Streets linking significance as a rare streetscape of Sydney the Erskine Street terraces to 105A Clarence Italianate Victorian commercial terraces. They Street and having high street architecture value. are among the best surviving examples of a consistent small scale commercial streetscape surviving in the city and are related to the once Former Edwards Dunlop & Co warehouses important business area adjacent to the Darling including interiors Harbour Wharves. The group displays the key 123-129 Clarence Street (and 252-258 Kent Street) features of Italianate design with shopfronts, Database entry number 5062505 stucco decoration and the strong stepping forms. Built in 1907 and 1936 as warehouses for Edwards Former Watch House including interiors Dunlop & Co, these buildings demonstrate the 82 Erskine Street Federation and inter-war development of one of Sydney’s earliest warehouse districts from the Database entry number 2423717 early twentieth century, associated with the major working port of Darling Harbour. The height and The former Watch House is of historic, aesthetic, design quality of the buildings provide evidence social and streetscape significance as one of the of the growth of industry and commerce in central early surviving buildings of Sydney. It is a rare Sydney and the intensified development of the example of early Sydney building on a small inner-city during the Federation and inter-war scale demonstrating construction techniques periods. of the time. The twentieth century additions are

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 33 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 As the purpose-built warehouses of printers which records City of Sydney’s past as one of and stationers, Edwards Dunlop & Co, these only two historic industrial heartlands in Australia. buildings are historically significant for their This collection of buildings provides evidence connection to the formerly widespread printing of Australia’s twentieth century transformation industry of Sydney dominated by Edwards through industrialisation when Sydney became Dunlop, W C Penfold and John Sands during the one of the largest industrialised cities in the early twentieth century. As part of a collection of South Pacific. building built in Sydney city for Edwards Dunlop and Co during the Federation and inter-war These former warehouses are of local heritage periods, these buildings document the growth significance in terms of its historical, aesthetic and success of this company during the early and representative value. twentieth century. Former Terrace group including interiors Architecturally, the buildings demonstrate good 42-50 Erskine Street examples of inner-city warehouses designed Database entry number 2423713 in the Federation warehouse and inter-war Chicacoesque styles by prominent Sydney The commercial terraces at 42-50 Erskine Street architects, Robertson & Marks. are part of the 19th Century pattern of small scale retail & residential development on the The southern warehouse exhibits typical north western fringe of the CBD. They reflect characteristics of the Federation warehouse style the social & economic make-up of the city in that including its masonry construction, face brickwork, area for most of the 19th & 20th centuries and façade rectangularity emphasised by projecting are considered of local significance. They also cornices, piers dividing the façade symmetrically reflect the important period of redevelopment that into three bays, spandrels recessed behind the occurred in the city during the later decades of plane of piers, arched loading docks and pairs the nineteenth century. of vertically proportioned windows with rusticated sandstone dressings. The two storey rendered brick terrace at 42-50 Erskine Street combines with other buildings With similar design and construction as the between Sussex & Kent Streets to preserve an southern warehouse, the northern warehouse historic townscape character. In the streetscape it exhibits typical characteristics of the inter-war has a strong visual link with 52-54 Erskine Street Chicagoesque style including its grid-like façade, and the larger 62-66A Erskine Street establishing large banks of three light windows, concrete lintels a group value for the buildings in the vicinity. This and sills, simple wall surfaces and spandrels quality of streetscape continues up the hill as far expressing storey divisions. as 82 Erskine Street. Despite some minor alterations, the buildings 42-50 Erskine Street is a significant element in the retain their architectural integrity as recognisable streetscape as it turns the corner at Erskine and former warehouses. Kent Streets with a simple 45 degree chamfered edge forming a “book end” to the street. It is With their near proximity to the Erskine Street representative of the Victorian Regency style at corner and distinctive Federation warehouse a time when there was a move to a more free and inter-war Chicagoesque features, these use of Classical forms & details common to the buildings make an important contribution to the 1880s. streetscape of Kent Street and are visible from a number of near and distant vantage points, including Erskine Street.

These buildings also represent two of the cohesive group of multi-storey warehouse located in the narrow grid pattern of streets along the western edge of central Sydney north of Sydney Town Hall.

These former warehouses form part of one of the largest known collections of industrial and warehouse buildings of its kind in Australia,

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 34 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 5.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSAL

The proposed Stage 1 Concept Proposal, prepared by DBI Design, is for the demolition of all existing buildings and construction of a 29 storey hotel building with five basement levels.

The proposed new building envelope will be separated into three distinct masses including a tower, a lower podium (fronting Kent Street) and an upper podium (fronting Erskine Street).

The proposed envelope will wrap around the approved corner site building (not yet constructed), with the two podiums being consistent to the scale and proportions of the adjoining buildings.

Figure 5.1 Proposed envelope massing with approved DA corner site context. Source: DBI Design

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 35 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 6.0 ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT

6.1 INTRODUCTION No significant views to, from or between the heritage items in the vicinity will be obstructed by the proposal. This Statement of Heritage Impact has been prepared Therefore, the heritage items will remain visible, legible in relation to the following impact assessment criteria: and appreciable by the public. the Sydney Local Environmental Plan (LEP) 2012 the Sydney Development Control Plan (DCP) 2012 The subject site is not located within a special and the New South Wales Heritage Office (now the character area, and the surrounding urban context Heritage Division of the NSW Office of Environment is largely characterised by contemporary high-rise and Heritage) guidelines, Altering Heritage Assets and development. Given the existing high density urban Statements of Heritage Impact. setting, heritage items in the wider vicinity are unlikely to be adversely affected by the proposal. This section of the report provides a detailed analysis of the statutory controls applying to this site, with 6.3 CONSIDERATION OF THE regard to heritage. GUIDELINES OF THE NSW HERITAGE DIVISION

6.2 OVERVIEW OF THE POTENTIAL The NSW Heritage Office (now the Heritage Division HERITAGE IMPACTS of the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage) has published a series of criteria for the assessment This report is limited to an assessment of the heritage of heritage impact. The relevant ‘questions to be impacts that the current Concept Pan, which includes answered’ in the NSW Heritage Manual ‘Statements demolition of existing subject buildings and proposed of Heritage Impact’, provided below, have been new building envelope, may have on the subject site considered in the preparation of our assessment: and the heritage items located in the vicinity. The detailed design development of the site will be subject The following aspects of the proposal respect to a separate development application process. or enhance the heritage significance of the item or conservation area for the following The proposal will involve the demolition of all existing reasons: buildings located within the subject site. None of the buildings are individually listed as heritage • No significant buildings or fabric will be adversely items in Schedule 5 of the Sydney LEP 2012, nor impacted by the proposal. are they located within the boundaries of a heritage conservation area. All site buildings are older than 50 • The proposed development will be physically years, however, as demonstrated by the analysis in and visually separated from the nearby heritage Section 4.0 of this report, none of the buildings are items in the vicinity by the width of either Erskine considered to have significance that reaches the Street or Kent Street. threshold for local heritage listing. Therefore, the proposed demolition is, considered to be acceptable • No significant views to, from or between heritage from a heritage perspective as it will have no adverse items will be obstructed by the proposal. impact on significant buildings or fabric. • The significance of the heritage items in the vicinity The subject site is physically and visually separated will continue to be legible and appreciable to the from the heritage items in the vicinity by the width public. of either Kent Street or Erskine Street. As a result, the proposal will have no physical impact on these heritage items.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 36 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 • The proposed building envelope will be subject site and all heritage items will be physically consistent with the surrounding urban context separated from the site by the width of Erskine Street which is characterised by contemporary high- and Kent Street. rise development. The proposed building envelope will be consistent with the existing urban context and scale of the surrounding Demolition of a Building or Structure area. Therefore, it is considered that there will be little impact resulting from the change to the urban context. • Have all options for retention and adaptive re-use been explored? • How does the new development affect views to, and from, the heritage item? What has Comment: been done to minimise negative effects? Options of retention and adaptive re-use have • Will the public, and users of the item, still be been explored in relation to 305 Kent Street. It was able to view and appreciate its significance? determined that in order to achieve BCA compliance • How does the curtilage allowed around the significant building works would need to occur to the heritage item contribute to the retention of its building, particularly with regard to fire and disabled heritage significance? access. The required work necessary to bring the building up to standard was considered not to be Comment: viable. The proposed development will alter views, however, it will not obstruct any identified significant views • Can all of the significant elements of associated with the heritage items in the vicinity. As a the heritage item be kept and any new result, the proposal will have no impact on the ability development be located elsewhere on the of the public to view and appreciate their heritage site? significance.

Comment: The existing curtilages of the heritage items are As demonstrated in Section 4.0 of this report, none defined by their respective lot boundaries. There will of the existing subject buildings have any elements be no changes to these existing curtilages. The width of significance that warrant retention at the cost of of the surrounding streets will ensure that there is no relocating the development elsewhere. Demolition of adverse impact on the heritage items in the vicinity. the existing buildings is considered to be appropriate, however, we would recommend that an archival 6.4 HERITAGE OBJECTIVES OF THE photographic recording of all subject buildings is SYDNEY LEP 2012 undertaken prior to their demolition to contribute to the historic record of the site and the wider area. The proposed development is considered to be acceptable, from a heritage perspective, for the • Is demolition essential at this time or can it following reasons: be postponed in case future circumstances make its retention and conservation more • The proposal will have no adverse physical impact feasible? on significant fabric.

Comment: • No significant views to or from the heritage items Postponing demolition will not make retention and within the vicinity will be obstructed and all heritage conservation more feasible. items will remain legible, visible and appreciable to the public. New Development Adjacent to a Heritage Item • How is the impact of the new development on • The proposed building envelope will be in the heritage significance of the item or area keeping with the surrounding urban context. to be minimised? • Is the new development sympathetic to the The proposal is, therefore, considered to be consistent heritage item? In what way (e.g. form, siting, with the relevant heritage objectives of the Sydney proportions, design)? LEP 2012, which are: • Will the additions visually dominate the heritage item? How has this been minimised?

Comment: All works will be confined within the boundaries of the

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 37 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 4.3 Height of buildings 6.6 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION (1) The objectives of this clause are as follows: MEASURE (b) to ensure appropriate height transitions between new development and heritage items • An archival photographic recording of all the and buildings in heritage conservation areas or subject buildings, undertaken in accordance special character areas, with the NSW Heritage Council publication “Photographic Recording of Heritage Items Using 5.10 Heritage conservation Film or Digital Capture”, should be made prior to (1) Objectives their demolition. The objectives of this clause are as follows: (a) to conserve the environmental heritage of the City of Sydney (b) to conserve the heritage significance of heritage items and heritage conservation areas, including associated fabric, settings and views,

6.5 HERITAGE GUIDELINES OF THE SYDNEY DCP 2012

The proposed development is generally consistent with the following relevant heritage objectives or provisions of the guidelines of the Sydney DCP 2012.

3.9 Heritage Objectives (a) Ensure that heritage significance is considered for heritage items, development within heritage conservation areas, and development affecting archaeological sites and places of Aboriginal heritage significance. (b) Enhance the character and heritage significance of heritage items and heritage conservation areas and ensure that infill development is designed to respond positively to the heritage character of adjoining and nearby buildings and features of the public domain

3.9.5 Heritage Items Objective (a) Ensure that development in the vicinity of heritage items is designed and sited to protect the heritage significance of the item.

The analysis in Section 6.2 and 6.3 of this report demonstrates that the proposal is consistent with these objectives.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 38 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 7.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 CONCLUSIONS • There will be little impact resulting from the change to the urban context as the proposed • The existing buildings located at 301-305 Kent building envelope will be consistent with the Street and 35-39 Erskine Street, Sydney are not surrounding urban context which is characterised listed as items of heritage significance in Schedule by contemporary high-rise development. 5 of the Sydney LEP 2012. • The proposed development is consistent with • The site is also not located within the boundaries the heritage requirements and guidelines of the of a heritage conservation area. Sydney LEP 2012 and the Sydney DCP 2012.

• All buildings located within the subject site are older than 50 years, however, the heritage assessment 7.2 RECOMMENDATION in Section 4.0 of this report concludes that none of the buildings located within the subject site meet • Subject to the recommended mitigation measure the threshold for local heritage listing. outlined in Section 6.6 of this report, GBA Heritage has no hesitation in recommending this application • The site is located in the vicinity of the listed for approval. heritage items at 62-66A Erskine Street, 52-54 Erskine Street, 68-80 Erskine Street, 82 Erskine Street, 42- 50 Erskine Street and 252-258 Kent Street.

• Other listed heritage items in the wider locality are separated from the subject site by intervening development/distance/roadways/buildings/local topography/public domain, and have no direct visual connection to the site.

• The proposed Stage 1 Concept Proposal is for demolition of the existing site buildings and construction of a new 29 storey hotel building with five basement levels.

• No significant buildings or fabric will be adversely impacted by the proposal.

• The proposal will be physically and visually separated from the heritage items in the vicinity by the width of either Erskine Street or Kent Street.

• No significant views to, from or between the heritage items in the vicinity will be obstructed by the proposal.

• The significance of the heritage items in the vicinity will continue to be legible and appreciable to the public.

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 39 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

ARCHIVAL SOURCES

City of Sydney Archives

NSW Land and Property Information, Real Property Register

State Library of NSW

PUBLICATIONS/DOCUMENTS

Apperly R, Irving R, Reynolds P, A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present, NSW, Angus & Robertson, 2002

City of Sydney Council, Sydney Development Control Plan 2012, Sydney, City of Sydney Council, 2012

City of Sydney Council, Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012, Sydney, City of Sydney Council, 2012

City of Sydney Council, The Central Sydney Archaeological Zoning Plan, Sydney, City of Sydney Council, 1992

City Plan Heritage, 35-39 Erskine Street Heritage Assessment, December 2006

Goad Philip and Willis, Julia., The Encyclopedia of Australian Architecture, Port Melbourne, Cambridge University Press, 2012

ICOMOS Australia, The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (Burra Charter), Australia ICOMOS, 2013

JBA Urban Planning Consultants, Statement of Environmental Effects: 305 Kent Street, November 2008

Mayne-Wilson W, Heritage Curtilages, NSW Heritage Office and the Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, NSW, 1996

NSW Heritage Office and Department of Infrastructure Planning and Natural Resources,NSW Heritage Manual, Sydney, 2001

NSW Heritage Office,Interpreting Heritage Places and Items Guidelines, NSW Heritage Office, 2005

Sharpe A, Pictorial History City of Sydney, Sydney, Kingsclear Books, 2000

WEBSITES

City of Sydney Archives - Digital Information, Assessment Books 1845-1948, http://photosau.com.au/CosRates/ scripts/home.asp

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 40 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019 City of Sydney Archives - Digital Information, Historical Atlas of Sydney, www.photosau.com.au/CoSMaps/scripts/ home.asp

City of Sydney Archives - Digital Information, Sands Directory Search 1858-1933, www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/ learn/search-our-collections/sands-directory/sands-search

National Library of Australia - Trove, http://trove.nla.gov.au

Nearmap, http://maps.au.nearmap.com

NSW Government Legislation, www.legislation.nsw.gov.au

NSW LPI Parish and Historical Maps, http://parishmaps.lands.nsw.gov.au/pmap.html

NSW LPI SIX Maps, www.six.nsw.gov.au

NSW Heritage Inventory, http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/heritagesearch.aspx

Sydney Barani Website, ‘Aboriginal People and Place’, http://www.sydneybarani.com.au/sites/aboriginal-people- and-place/

301-305 Kent St & 35-39 Erskine 41 St, Sydney Statement of Heritage Impact March 2019