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Information Science Vis-À-Vis Physical Science—The Areas, Scope and Changing Scenario

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Information Science Vis-À-Vis Physical Science—The Areas, Scope and Changing Scenario Information Science Vis-à-Vis Physical Science—The Areas, Scope and Changing Scenario P. K. Paul1 and S. Mewada2,a) 1Department of Computer & Information Science, Raiganj University, WB, India 2Department of Computer Science, Government Holkar College, Indore, MP, India a)Corresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract. Information is most valuable asset these days and required in all the areas and sectors. There are many subjects which are associated with information but among these most valuable and important is Information Science. Information Science is deals with the studies, reaching and research in the field of information and content. Initially only Information Science considered as important nomenclature for information solution and gradually it is also considered as a field for technological solutions as well. It is treated as broader than some of the fields viz. Computer Science, Information Technology as information management, further Information Science also considered as an interdisciplinary field of study. This field gradually becomes important and common in other subjects and sector. Therefore it is dedicated in development of other domain specific Information Science viz. Health Information Science, Geo Information Science etc. Information Science applications in the entire domain and fields are also noticeable viz. in the social sciences, physical sciences, bio sciences and so on. The rapid developments of Computer and similar technologies have started a new edge in existing Information Science field for its activities. The rapid growth of different technologies, methods, systems etc. aided Information Science and with other nomenclature. This Paper is talks about the background of Information Science including advancement of the field empowered by IT and Computing. Paper is also talks about the emergence of Information Science in Physical Sciences i.e. Physical Information Science with reference to the Quantum Informatics, Chemo Informatics, Geo Informatics, Environmental Informatics. Keywords Information Science, Information Science and Technology, Physical Information Science, Interdisciplinary Science INTRODUCTION Information Science is engaged in information activities with traditional as well as computational procedure. Information Science is also called as Information Science and Technology with an additional focus on Information Technology applications. Initially Information Science only covers with the information management including information retrieval, knowledge organization, knowledge management, data modeling, information access and systems management etc [1], [10], [20]. but newer Information Technology components such as Database Technology, Web Technology, Networking Technology, Multimedia Technology, Software Technology have changed the field entirely. Due to the interdisciplinary nature it has been added some of the other components like Management Science, Social Work and Sciences, Mathematics and Operations Management, Psychology, Public Policy Management , Law and Legal Studies and such integration makes Information Science a true interdisciplinary studies. The emergence of IT and Computing also important and it has changed the contemporary Information Science with various components such as Cloud Computing, Big Data, Robotics etc. therefore Information Science have impacted diverse areas and results many domain centric Information Science. This is also important to note that Information Science is also called as Informatics in some countries, territories, regions and educational institutions. Therefore the nomenclature may change accordingly [4], [13], [24]. Objective The present paper entitled ‘Information Science Vis-à-Vis Physical Science—The Areas, Scope and Changing Scenario’ is a review based paper and deals with various aspects— To know about the basics of Information Science with reference to the historical background, earlier focus and components. To know about the similar nomenclature in the field of Information Science. To learn about the emerging technologies of Information Science and changing scenario of new areas and technologies. To know about the different domain centric Information Science with reference to the Physical Information Science. To find out basics of Quantum Informatics, Chem Informatics and few other Physical areas of Information Science. Information Science: The Root and Changing Scenario Information Science is one of the old subject dealing with the information than other allied fields like Computer Science, Computing, Information Technology. Information Science dedicated in collection, storing, sharing and protecting of information of different forms and methods in addition to the information analysis. Though in other view, Information Science is considered and confused with the information theory, though there are many basic differences of Information Theory and Information Science. There are many definitions on Information Science and in generally Information Science is concerned on the study and practice of collection, manipulation, retrieval and dissemination in the common stock of human knowledge [14], [15], [30]. Though, after the development of the Computer Science the traditional look, concept and scenario of Information Science has been changed radically. During 1950s the concept of information storage and retrieval were increased in the electronic form aided by the automatic devices. Later on 1960s and 1970s more electronic means using Computers with the example of the batch processing systems, online systems, various computers increased gradually. Due to the role of information in different sectors thereafter Information Science become an important field viz. social science, psychology, management science, computer science, cognitive science, law and others. Later in 1980s various other databases Grateful Med, Dialog, Compuserve been used and since here Information Science concentrated on the understanding of the problem regarding information with their probable solutions and here various techniques, methods, principles are used [6],[11], [22]. Here many IT components are being used— Software Systems and Technologies Networking Systems and Technologies Web Systems and Technologies Database Systems and Technologies Multimedia Systems and Technologies etc. These sub technologies are considered important in developing healthy information management and to be useful for the individuals, institutions and community. Soon after, many academics have started various flavors of Information Science viz. ‘Information Science and Computing’ and ‘Information Science and Technology’. However Information Science has core agenda in information solutions with the support from the Information Management, Knowledge Organization, Societal aspects of Information and technologies etc. There after the role of Information Science in diverse section has birth many other Information Science or Informatics viz. Health Informatics, Geo Informatics, Bio Informatics, Medical Informatics, Chem Informatics, Quantum Informatics, Social Informatics, Urban Informatics etc. Physical Information Sciences: The fusion of Information Science and Physical Sciences Information Science applications in other areas leads many other subjects and these are may be classified into different way viz. General Informatics (these may include the Health Informatics, Geo Informatics, Bio Informatics, Medical Informatics, Chemo Informatics, Quantum Informatics etc), Emerging Informatics (may include Ecology Informatics, Security Informatics, Design Informatics, Urban Informatics, Neuro Informatics etc) [7], [8], [19]. Therefore in the context of the clustering of all the physical science centric Informatics/ Information Science some of the areas may deemed as Physical Information Science are— Quantum Informatics/ Information Science Chemo Informatics/ Information Science Partially some of the other areas may also consider as part of Physical Information Science since such are part and indirectly connected with the above; and these are Pharma Informatics, Environmental Informatics, Geo Informatics. Here in this work Physical Information Science majorly focused on Quantum Informatics and Chemo Informatics, and partially Environmental Informatics and Geo Informatics. Quantum Informatics/ Information Science Quantum Informatics/ Quantum Information Science, in short QIS is dedicated in information collection, selection, organization, processing, management and dissemination with higher speed in different formats within a moment supported by quantum technologies. Here optics and quantum physics play a leading role in addition to the basic mathematics and mathematical modelling. Data and information are rapidly growing and emerging worldwide due to its importance. Quantum Informatics is dedicated in both computer and physical science. In general this is the merger of Quantum Science and Information Science including some of the other allied subjects [3], [12], [33]. Ultimately Quantum Information Science is an advanced Informatics and knowledge cluster supported by various other fields viz. Computer Science, Physics, Information Studies, Management Studies, Mathematical Science, Nano-Technology. Quantum Information Science is delivering new insight into fundamental problems regarding the computation and physical science. The background of Quantum Informatics /QIS emerged about 70 years back with the initiation of the Quantum Theory. The bright future of QIS warns us about several
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