A peer-reviewed open-access journal BioRisk 4(2): 669–776 (2010) Hymenoptera. Chapter 12 669 doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.55 RESEARCH ARTICLE BioRisk www.pensoftonline.net/biorisk Hymenoptera Chapter 12 Jean-Yves Rasplus1, Claire Villemant2, Maria Rosa Paiva3, Gérard Delvare1, Alain Roques4 1 UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, CBGP, (INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus international de Baillarguet, CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur Lez, France 2 UMR Origine, Struc- ture et Evolution de la Biodiversité, OSEB, (MNHN/CNRS) CP50, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 45 rue Buff on, 75005 Paris, France 3 DCEA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Campus de Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal 4 INRA UR633, Zoologie Forestière. Centre de recherche d’Orléans, 2163 Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, CS 40001 Ardon, 45075 Orléans Cedex 2, France Corresponding author: Jean-Yves Rasplus (
[email protected]), Claire Villemant (villeman@mnhn. fr), Maria Rosa Paiva (
[email protected]), Gérard Delvare (
[email protected]), Alain Roques (alain.
[email protected]) Academic editor: David Roy | Received 31 March 2010 | Accepted 26 May 2010 | Published 6 July 2010 Citation: Rasplus J-Y et al. (2010) Hymenoptera. Chapter 12. In: Roques A et al. (Eds) Arthropod invasions in Europe. BioRisk 4(2): 669–776. doi: 10.3897/biorisk.4.55 Abstract We present the fi rst review of Hymenoptera alien to Europe. Our study revealed that nearly 300 species of Hymenoptera belonging to 30 families have been introduced to Europe. In terms of alien species diversity within invertebrate orders, this result ranks Hymenoptera third following Coleoptera and Hemiptera.