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SC62 Inf. 14 (English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)

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SC62 Inf. 14 (English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais) SC62 Inf. 14 (English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Sixty-second meeting of the Standing Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 23-27 July 2012 Interpretation and implementation of the Convention Compliance and enforcement Review of Significant Trade POPULATION STATUS AND MANAGEMENT PLAN OF THE AFRICAN GREY PARROT IN CAMEROON (Full report) The attached document has been submitted by Cameroon in relation to agenda item 27.3 on Population status and management plan of the African grey parrot in Cameroon*. * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat or the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. SC62 Inf. 14 – p. 1 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... … iii Abbreviations and acronyms ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... vi Summary ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... viii Resume ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... .. ix PART I: INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ................. 1 1. Introduction ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .… 2 1.1.Context and justification ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... … 2 1.2. Background of the situation in Cameroon ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... … 4 1.3.Mission and objectives of the study ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5 2. Materials and Methods … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 8 2.1.Field methods identification and standardization … … … … … … … … … 8 2.2. Study design … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... 8 2.3. Ground team travels… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 9 2.4. Population data collection… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 10 2.4.1. Distance sampling.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... 10 2.4.2. Roosts count … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ….... ... 11 2.4.3. Point count … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .... 12 2.5. Breeding ecology … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... ... ..... ... ... 17 2.6. Socio-economic data collection ... ... ... ... … … … … … … … … … … … 17 2.6.1. Questionnaire and interviews… … … … … … … … … … … … … . 17 2.6.2. Workshops … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 18 2.7. Appraisal of the 1994 Forestry and Wildlife Law… … … … … … … … … 18 2.8. Data analysis and population modelling… … … … … … … … … … … … 18 2.9.Some difficulties encountered during field data collection… … … … …. … 19 PART II: RESULTS: Trends and Threats to Population Sustainability. ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 3. Geographic distribution and vegetation associations… … … … … … … … … 26 3.1. Range identification and delimitation… … … … … … … … … … … … 26 3.2. Historical versus current distribution … … … … … … … … … … … … 26 3.3.Distribution according to eco-regions ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ..... ..... .... ... 26 3.4. Distribution according to vegetation types .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 31 3.5. Home range and habitat requirements... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 33 3.6.Distribution according to altitude... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 35 3.7. Population abundance..... .... ... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... ..... ...... 35 3.7.1. Sample plot distribution for population size determination ... ... ... ... ... 35 3.7.2. Determination of Grey Parrot density ... .... ... .... .... ... .... .... ... .... ... ... 36 3.7.3. Translating densities into populations ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 37 iii 3.7.4. Confidence limit to population size ...... ...... ...... .... .... ... ... ... ... .... .. .. 38 3.8. Conclusion… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... ... ... ... ... 39 4. Ecology and habitat threats… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .. 42 4.1. Roosting ecology … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... ... ... ... .. 42 4.1.1. Characteristics of roosting sites… … … … … … … … … … … … … 42 4.1.2. Parrot population abundance at roosting sites… … … … … … … … . 43 4.1.3. Threats to roosting sites… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 44 4.2. Feeding ecology … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... ...... ... 44 4.2.1. Diversity of food… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 44 4.2.2. Monthly/seasonal distribution of food sources… … … … … … … … . 45 4.2.3. Flock size at foraging sites… … … … … … … … … … … … … … 46 4.2.4. Threats to foraging sites… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 47 4.3. Nesting ecology … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... ... .. ... 47 4.3.1. Distribution and abundance of nests… … … … … … … … … … … . 47 4.3.2. Nesting site characteristics… … … … … … … … … … … … … … 48 4.3.3. Threats to nesting sites… … … … … … … … … … … … … … ….. 49 4.4. Protected areas management and threats … … … … … … … … … … … 49 4.5. Conclusion … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... ... .... 50 5. Parrot trade and emerging challenges… … … … … … … … … … … … … .. 54 5.1.Extent of the trade… … … … … … ... … … … … … … … … … … … ... 54 5.2. Trapping techniques… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 54 5.3. Transportation… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 56 5.4. Utilization methods… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 57 5.5.Stakeholders of the parrot trade … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... .. 59 5.5.1. Trappers… … … … … … … … … … ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 59 5.5.2. Village communities… … … … … … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 5.5.3. Middlemen… … … … … … … … … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 61 5.5.4. Government… … … … … … … … … ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 63 5.5.4.1. Trade management and regulation in Cameroon… … … … 64 5.6.Parrot smuggling and trafficking networks… … … … … … … … … … … 65 5.6.1. Summary of some problems of the parrot trade ... ... ... ... .... .... .... .... .. 67 5.7. Export trade and implication on wild population… … … … … … … … ... 67 5.8. Economics of the trade and its impact on wild population… … … … … ... 69 5.9. Wildlife law enforcement ... ... ...… … … … … … … … … … … … … ... 70 5.10. Parrot rescue and management ... … … … … … … … … … … … … ….. 71 5.11. Comparison of exploitation related threats ... ... ... ...… … … … … … … … 73 5.12. Major challenges of the parrot trade in Cameroon .. ... … … … … … … … 74 iv 5.13. Conclusion ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... 75 PART III: MANAGEMENT PLAN. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... .... ... ... ... .... .... .. 80 6. Introduction to the Management Plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 81 6.1. Why a management plan for the Grey Parrot? … … … … … … … … … 81 6.2. Vision of the management plan… … … … … … ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 81 6.3. Objective of the management plan … … … … … … … … … … …... ... ... 81 6.4. Implementation strategy of the management plan … … … … … … … …... 82 6.5. Scope and limitation of the management plan ... ..… … … … … … … … 82 7. Harvesting Quota and General Recommendations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. 83 7.1.Modelling Grey Parrot harvest quota ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 83 7.2. Modelling the intrinsic rate of natural increase of the Grey Parrot ... .... .... .. 84 7.3. Carrying capacity of Grey Parrot populations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 85 7.4. Regional harvest quota determination.. .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 86 7.5. National harvest quota versus export quota considerations.. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 87 7.6.National harvest quota determination ... ... ... ... ... ..... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. .. ... 87 7.7.Conservation status and limiting factors to population growth 88 7.8. General recommendations … … … … … …... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... … … … 90 8. Project identification and implementation… .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ..… … … … ..... ... ... 100 8.1. Introduction to projects..... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... ... ... .... ... ... .. 100 8.2.Projects implementation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 100 8.2.1. Section 1: Population monitoring and management… … ... ... .… ….. 100 8.2.2. Section 2: Biologically sustainable capture and/or export quota… … .. 112 8.2.3. Prevention of illegal capture... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .. 117 8.2.4. Non-detrimental levels of export quota... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 123 8.3. Log-frame for project implementation... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 125 8.4.Yearly datelines for project implementation... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 126 8.5. General Conclusion… … … … … … … … …
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