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Finishing Equipment: Grader Lecture 8 FINISHING EQUIPMENT: GRADER TSP-308 MPK Ferdinand Fassa OUTLINE 1. Introduction 2. Grader Operations 3. Time Estimates 1. INTRODUCTION Grader are multipurpose machines used for finishing & shaping On many projects, graders are used as the finishing machines finishing machines include but not limited to: Graders Gradall Trimers 1. INTRODUCTION (2) Graders are multipurpose machines used for: Finishing Shaping bank Sloping Ditching Grader’s primary purpose is cutting and moving material with a blade, known as moldboard 1. INTRODUCTION (3) FUNCTION To provide (shape) of soil surface to the desired grade 1. INTRODUCTION (4) Comparison with Dozer • A grader is restricted to making shallow cuts in medium-hard materials • A grader should not be used for heavy excavations • A grader can move small amounts of material 1. INTRODUCTION (5) Comparison with Dozer • A grader are capable of progressively cutting ditches to a depth of 3 ft. • So more economical to used other types of equipment to cut ditches deeper than 3 ft 1. INTRODUCTION (6) Components of Grader • Moldboard (blade) • Scarifier • Light rear-mounted ripper 1. INTRODUCTION (7) Moldboard Blade Moldboard Commonly referred to as blade The moldboard is used to side cast the material it encounters The moldboard can be positioned at almost any angle ARTICULATED GRADER POSITIONS 13 BLADE MECHANISM MOTOR GRADER APPLICATIONS 2. GRADER OPERATIONS a. Planning Surface, used to plane or smooth off cut or fill surface b. Ditch Cuts c. Haul-road Maintenance d. Spreading, often used to spread and mix dumped load 3. TIME ESTIMATES 푷 풙 푫 퐓퐨퐭퐚퐥 퐓퐢퐦퐞 = 푺 풙 푬 P = number of passed required D = distance traveled in each pass S = Speed of grader E = grader efficiency factor ퟓퟐퟖퟎ 풙 푺 풙 푾 풙 푬 퐏퐫퐨퐝퐮퐜퐭퐢퐨퐧 = ퟗ S = Speed of grader W = Eff. Width per grader pass, in feet E = Grader eff. factor 3. TIME ESTIMATES (2) Formula Distance 푵풐. 풑풂풔풔풔풆풔 풙 풅풊풔풕풂풏풄풆 = 푻풊풎풆 풔풑풆풆풅 풙 풆풇풇풆풊풄풊풆풏풄풚 Distance in miles Speed in miles per hour Time will be in hours 3. TIME ESTIMATES (3) Step 1. Number of passes Ditching 6 passes Reshaping 9 passes Final Grading 4 passes 3. TIME ESTIMATES (4) Step 2. Distance Grading 4 miles Step 3. Speed 1st 2.3 mph 2nd 3.1 mph 3rd 4.5 mph 3. TIME ESTIMATES (5) Step 4. Eff. Factor 50 min per hour Or 0.83 eff. Factor 3. TIME ESTIMATES (6) Step 5. Eff. Time to Ditch Step 1 : N = 6 ퟔ 풙 ퟒ ퟐퟒ Step 2 : D = 4 miles = = 12.6 hr ퟐ.ퟑ 풙 ퟎ.ퟖퟑ ퟏ.ퟗퟏ Step 3 : S = 2.3 mph Step 4 : Eff. Factor =0.83 3. TIME ESTIMATES (8) Step 5. Final Grading Step 1 : N = 4 ퟒ 풙 ퟒ ퟏퟔ Step 2 : D = 4 miles = = 4.3 hr ퟒ.ퟓ풙 ퟎ.ퟖퟑ ퟑ.ퟕퟒ Step 3 : S = 4.5 mph Step 4 : Eff. Factor =0.83 3. TIME ESTIMATES (9) Step 5. Total Time Time to ditch 12.6 hr Time to reshape 14.0 hr Final grading 04.3 hr Total time 30.9 hr 3. TIME ESTIMATES (10) Production Eff. Width per pass is 9 ft, Speed 3.5 Eff. Factor 0.6 ퟓퟐퟖퟎ 풙 ퟑ. ퟓ 풙ퟗ 풙 ퟎ. ퟔ 퐏퐫퐨퐝퐮퐜퐭퐢퐨퐧 = ퟗ Production = 11.088 sy/hr ESTIMATING PRODUCTION No. of PassesSection Length,mi 1 Time, h Ave. Speed for Section, mi Efficiency 28 GRADING EXAMPLE 15.0 miles of gravel road requires reshaping & leveling. Six passes of a motor grader will be required. Job efficiency is 0.80 Based on operator skill, machine characteristics and job characteristics, you estimate two passes at 4 mi/h, two passes at 5 mi/h, and two passes at 6 mi/h for this job. 215.0 m 215.0 m 215.0 1 Time, h 23.1 h 4.0 mph 5.0 mph 6.0 mph 0.80 30 GRADALL The Gradall is a utility machine which combines the operating features of the hoe, dragline and motor grader. TRIMMERS Trimmers are specialty machines to fine finishing for special jobs The result is better accuracy and greater production compared to the fine-grading with a grader SELF STUDIES 1. Trimmer operation & safety 2. Grader operation & safety Submit on PPT, today at14.00 in the afternoon Next Lecture 9 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND METHODS .
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