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Four New Euthria (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from the Cape Verde Archipelago

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Four New Euthria (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from the Cape Verde Archipelago 76 Gloria Mans 42(4-5) ' 76-93 i Antwerpen, november 2003 Four new Euthria (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from the Cape Verde Archipelago. Koen FRAUSSEN (1) & Emilio ROLAN (2) (1) Leuvensestraat 25, B-3200 Aarschot, Belgium, koen fraussen@skynet be (2) Canovas del Castillo, 22-5"?, 36202 Vigo, Espana, emiliorolan@inicia es Keywords Euthria, Cape Verde Archipelago, phenotypic variability, new taxa Abstract Four species, collected in the Cape Verde Islands, are described as new and assigned to the genus isM/^na M E Gray, 1830 E bernardi sp nov E insalubns sp nov E abrotona sp nov and E cecilea sp nov The new species are compared with other taxa from the Mediterranean Sea and the Cape Verde Archipelago We discuss the infraspecific variability of the genus and especially E bernardi and E cecilea Introduction Euthria cornea (Linnaeus, 1758), the type species of the genus, had for a long time been the only known species in the Atlantic Nearly a century and a half later Dautzenberg & Fischer (1906) described the first additional Atlantic species, in the eighties followed by Cosel (1982), Cosel & Bumay (1983) and Rolan (1985) and in the beginning of this year (2003) by Rolan, Monteiro & Fraussen These 10 addi­ tional species are all endemic to the Cape Verde Archipelago In the present paper we enlarge this fauna from 10 to 14 known species The descriptions are based on material collected by local divers or fishermen and obtained by private collectors Pierre Bernard (France), who collected material in the Cape Verde Archipelago between 1992 and 1998 Guido T Poppe (Belgium), who obtained material from divers at Sao Vicente 77 Abbreviations: MNCN Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain MNHN Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Pans, France CER collection Emilio Rolan, Spain GP collection Guido T Poppe. Belgium KF collection Koen Fraussen, Belgium Genus Euthria M E Gray, 1850 Type species by original designation "Fimis hgnanus Chiaje" (this is Fusus ligna- nus Lamarck, 1816, a junior synonym oi Murex corneus Linnaeus, 1758) from the Mediterranean, Recent For a discussion of the use of Euthna as a genus we refer to Shuto (1978), Beets (1986), Fraussen (1999 73) and Fraussen & Hadorn (1999 120-121) For a detailed comparison with radulae of related genera we refer to Rolan, Monteiro & Fraussen (2003) Euthria bernardi sp nov (Figs 1-8) Type Material Holotype (65 0 mm) (Figs 1-2) in MNHN Paratypes 1-4, 6, 8-9 in MNHN, paratype 5 in KF nr4150, paratype 7 in ER Type Locality Cape Verde Archipelago The type material was obtained from fisher­ men, without exact information Range Only known from the Cape Verde Archipelago Description Shell 65 mm high, (paratypes from 45 9 up to 65 1 mm high), thick and heavy, solid Shape fusiform, slender, with rather short siphonal canal Ground colour white to pale yellow Pattern dense, reddish brown, small, angular dots, arranged in spirals, with 2 paler, broad spiral bands Paratypes highly variable, red brown to dark brown, varying from a dense pattern of small, angular dots, arranged in spirals (figs 3-4), corresponding with spiral cords, to a pattern with large, irregular blotches, arranged in axials, with 2 broad, pale spiral bands, occasionally showing some spirals with these small, angular dots inside the large blotches (figs 7-8) Other specimens 78 show a wide array of intermediates (figs 1-2, 5-6) Subsutural band ornamented with rather rectangular, mostly evenly sized, alternating dark brown and white blotches Tip of siphonal canal dark brown to purplish Protoconch rather bulbous, with 2 1/4 to 2 1/2 convex, slightly inflated whorls, smooth, whitish Teleoconch with about 8 whorls, abapically convex, subsutural concavity broad, strong First teleoconch whorl with 3 weak spiral cords, interspaces slightly narrower Second whorl with 5 cords, interspaces becoming narrower Third whorl with 6-7 flat, spiral cords, abapically broad, gradually becoming narrower adapically, subsutural cord exceptionally broad Penultimate whorl smooth or with 8 or 9 spiral cords, body whorl smooth or with 18-25 broad, flat, spiral cords, of equal size except for broad subsutural cord, occasionally correspondmg with pattern, interspaces a fine groove First teleoconch whorls with 9 or 10 strong axial ribs Interspaces of equal size, deep Second whorl with 11 axial ribs From third whorl on, ribs smoother and broad, or absent Body whorl rather smooth, with thick rib marking aperture All whorls cov­ ered with fine growth lines, adapically prosocline or occasionally signoid Aperture ovate Outer lip thick, with 10-14 internal lirae Edge sharp, smooth Columella smooth with weak abapical fold, callus thin Siphonal canal short, broad, open, tip darker coloured Aperture together with siphonal canal slightly shorter than 1/2 of total shell length Penostracum, radula and operculum unknown Comparison Euthria bernardi sp nov is characterized by the large size, the heavy shell with high spire and strong subsutural concavity, the dark siphonal canal, and by the penultimate and body whorl which are usually covered by many spiral cords and dotted spiral lines Paratype 3 (figs 3-4) is atypical in shape by the broader and blunt base Regarding the strong growthmarks and breaks in the former whorls we consider this a traumatic variation For differences with E cecilea sp nov we refer to the comparison under that species Etymology Enthiia bernaidi sp nov is named after the late Pierre Bernard, for his contributions to the knowledge of West African molluscs A long time resident of Gabon between 1972 and 1989, Pierre Bernard was a professor of statistics and eco­ nomics at the University of Libreville His interest for the local molluscan fauna cul­ minated in the book Seashells of Gabon / Coqmllages du Gabon During his subse- 79 quent stay in the Cape Verde Islands until 1992, he pursued his interests with con- chology and acquired the new Euthna species reported on in this paper Pierre Bernard passed away in 2001 while he was employed in Mauritania His wife Idalina Bernard donated his mollusc collection to MNHN Euthria insalubris sp nov (Figs 9-10) Type Material Holotype in MNHN Type Locality Cape Verde Archipelago The type material was obtained from fish­ ermen, without exact information Range Only known from the Cape Verde Archipelago, and most probably endemic to a part of the archipelago Description Shell 30 9 mm in height, thick, solid Shape fusiform, slender, with rather short siphonal canal Colour white Protoconch 1 3 mm in diameter, consisting of 1 3/4 whorls 7 teleoconch whorls Subsutural slope as broad as half a whorl, weakly concave First teleoconch whorl with 4 fine, primary spiral cords, interspaces narrow Second and third whorl with 4 or 5 primary spiral cords, the narrow interspaces filled up with a fine, secondary spiral cord, resulting in 9 flat spirals altematingly broad and narrow Fourth whorl with 4 flat, broad, weak primary spiral cords, 1-3 secondary spirals between two adjacent primary cords Fifth whorl with 3 primary spiral cords, the sub­ sutural one much broader Body whorl smooth First teleoconch whorl with 9 broad, axial ribs Interspaces of equal size, deep Second whorl with 10, third whorl with 12 broad axial ribs Ribs becoming weak and flat from fourth whorl on Body whorl rather smooth All whorls covered with fine, prosocline growth lines, occasionally signoid Aperture ovate Outer lip thick, with 8 internal lirae Edge sharp, smooth, dark red­ dish brown Columella smooth with 1 weak adapical fold Callus rather thick, dark reddish brown on connection with outer lip and on siphonal canal Siphonal canal short, broad, open Aperture together with siphonal canal shorter than 1/2 of total shell length 80 Operculum corneous, semi ovate with terminal nucleus, thick, dark brown Periostracum and radula unknown Comparison Euthna insalubns sp nov is characterized, and differs from the other species described in this paper, by the protoconch with lower number of whorls E cahpso Cosel & Burnay, 1983 (figs 13-14) is similar in shape, but differs by the higher number of protoconch whorls, by a slightly lower number of teleoconch whorls in combination with a larger size, by the weaker subsutural concavity espe­ cially on the upper whorls by the presence of spiral cords on the upper whorls, by the presence of a pattern with dots, by the colour of the aperture which is white with some brown spots m the outer lip and by the siphonal canal which is not straight For differences with E abrotona sp nov we refer to the comparison under that species Etymology Derived from the Latin insalubns (adjective) meaning "unhealthy" The white colour gives the shell "a pale face" Euthria abrotona sp nov (Figs 11-12) Type Material Holotype in MNHN Tjpe Locality Cape Verde Archipelago The type material was obtained from fish­ ermen, without exact information Range Only known from the Cape Verde Archipelago Description Shell 40 1 mm in height, thick, solid Shape fusiform, slender, with rather short siphonal canal Colour dark lemon yellow Protoconch of holotype badly eroded, large, rather inflated, 1 7 mm in diameter, con­ sisting of 2 1/4 whorls 6 1/2 teleoconch whorls Suture adpressed to preceeding whorl subsutural slope as broad as half a whorl Surface covered with numerous fine spiral cords Second whorl with about 20 such 81 spirals, occasionally altematingly fine and slightly broader Penultimate whorl with more than 50 spirals, body whorl with more than 100 spirals First and second teleoconch whorl both with 9 broad, low axial ribs Becoming lower in number
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