CARSE OF GOWRIE ORCHARDS CULTURAL FEATURES Templehall Orchard looking South (© RCAHMS) Medieval window tracery at Charlestown Farm (© RCAHMS) Derek Hall January 2010 1 Introduction For the desk based element of this document the author consulted the National Monuments Record at RCAHMS in Edinburgh and was provided with data from the local sites and monuments record courtesy of Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust. Following the desk based element field visits were made to selected monuments and features although this was curtailed by December and Januarys deep snow and ice. The decision was made to identify sites in close proximity to each of the orchards that could meaningfully be connected when possible path networks were being considered. What is quite striking from this study is that there is also the potential for linking many of the orchard sites with each other as a few of the site types, Dovecots and Designed Landscapes for example, crop up quite frequently throughout the Carse. A set of suggested interpretative themes have been included in the appendix along with a named list of identified features by orchard and medieval documentary references to orchards and fruit trees. Each orchard entry has two maps, one from the First Edition Ordnance Survey of 1863 and a modern version which has been marked up with the orchard location (green for existing and red for no longer existing) and cultural features in the vicinity. The Ordnance Survey Landranger map supplied by the project team has also been marked up to indicate the position of cultural features using black crosses, orchard locations and extents were already marked on this map. The gazetteer is split into two sections, firstly by orchards that are still in use and then by orchards that no longer exist. 2 ORCHARDS THAT ARE STILL IN USE (18) Bogmiln Wester Ballindean Carse Grange, North of railway Carse Grange, The Retreat Carse Grange, South of the railway Clashbenny Errol Park Fingask Castle Flatfield Friarton/Barnhill Toll Inchyra Farm Megginch Castle Muirhouses Mylnefield Newbigging Pitfour Port Allen Templehall 3 Bogmiln Orchard 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map 1863 4 2 1 3 Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright 2009. All Rights Reserved. Licence number 100049628 Ordnance Survey map 2009 Cultural Features 1. Bogmiln mill 2. Cropmark of Prehistoric enclosure 3. Powgavie harbour 5 Orchard Bogmiln Current Owner David Hope, Powgavie Farm Cultural Feature no 1 Bogmiln Mill Parish Errol NGR NO 283 256 NMRS site number No entry SMR site number No entry Site visits 18 th January 2010 History and Archaeology On the 20 th December 1558 there is a Charter by Donald Abbot of Coupar and the convent thereof, granting to Thomas Turnbull and Elizabeth Kynnaird, his spouse, the lands of Carsegrange and the mylne of BOGMYLNE, in the sheriffdom of Perth (Easson 1947, 224). One of the buildings at Bogmiln Farm is marked on the 19 th century Ordnance Survey map as being a corn mill. Former Mill building at Bogmiln Farm 6 Cultural Feature no 2 Prehistoric enclosure (cropmark) Parish Errol NGR NO 287 257 NMRS site number N022NE 42 SMR site number Not Listed History and Archaeology The monument comprises a enclosed settlement of prehistoric date, visible as a cropmark on oblique aerial photographs. It lies on level ground in arable farmland at around 5m OD. Three sides of a rectilinear ditched enclosure are clearly visible on the aerial photographs, with a gap on the NW. The enclosure measures about 18m NE-SW by 14m, within a ditch about 1m wide. A further ditch leads N from the enclosure and several less well-defined cropmarks are also present around the enclosure itself. Cultural Feature no 3 Powgavie Harbour Parish Errol NGR NO 2907 2533 NMRS site number NO22NE 20 SMR site number MPK4647 Site visits 18 th January 2010 History and Archaeology Powgavie, Perthshire: this harbour occupied the mouth of the combined Powgavie Burn and Bogmill Pow, and in 1837 it ranked, along with Port Allen [NO22SE 15.00] as one of the principal harbours of the district. In 1792 and 1842 it was recorded as handling coal, lime, manure and farm produce. Today the remains are overgrown, but the OS map surveyed in 1860-2 marks, on the right bank of the lowest meander of the stream, a quay about 135ft [41.1m] long, facing NW, with a returned portion, 40ft [12.2m] long, facing NNE. The former is in two straight sections, forming a blunt point on plan (Graham 1971). On a site visit in was noted that the road down to this harbour is now closed off by a gate (January 2010). 7 Carse Grange, north of the railway 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map 1863 8 Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright 2009. All Rights Reserved. Licence number 100049628 Cultural Features Same as for Carse Grange South of Road (see next entry) 9 Carse Grange (south of the road) 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map 1863 10 1- 3 Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright 2009. All Rights Reserved. Licence number 100049628 Cultural Features 1. Monastic Grange 2. Chapel site 3. Cultivation Remains 11 Orchard Carse Grange, South of the road Current Owner Mr Romano Biondi Cultural Feature 1 Monastic Grange Parish Errol NGR NO 272 253 NMRS site number N022NE 18 SMR site number MPK4656 Site visits 19 th January 2010 History and Archaeology 1187 x 1195 William I confirms to Coupar Angus Abbey the grant by William de Haya of the land of Eddepolles [ Grange , Erroll] ( RRS , ii, no 322). c 1225 [poss c 1241] Richard Kai grants to Coupar Abbey for the causeway which the monks are making from the toun of Inchethore to the grange of the monks in the territory of the Cars a half of one toft in the toun of Inchethore on the east side ( Coupar Charters , i, no 37). [c 1300] Grant to Coupar Abbey by Sir Alexander Abernethy of that ilk, of 20 plaustra of peats each year to be received from his peatery of Baltody for the fuel of the Granger of Cars Grange (Cupar Rental , i, 346). 2 May 1438 Notarial transumpt of [the grant by William de la Hay, lord of Admur to Coupar Abbey, of one carrucate of land, called the Murhouse, in the fee of Erole, on the south side of the grange of the monks in Carse 1241 x 1258] ( Coupar Charters , i, no 47). c 1252 Roger son of Baudric grants to Coupar Abbey one bovate of land in Carse, namely that which lies on the south side of the grange of the monks nearer his own land on the east, but because Sir William de Hays hold that bovate from himself on lease from Martinmas 1252 for 5 years, Roger grants them another bovate, namely that which lies nearer to the mill of Sir Gilbert de Hay on the east ( Coupar Charters , i, no 57). 12 1298 x 1328 William de Haya, lord of Athmoris grants to Coupar Abbey two cruives on the River Tay, as well as free transit to the monks, their lay brothers and their men and servants through his land of Athmoris by all roads and paths by which his own men cross or are accustomed to cross to his own cruives, as well as carriage and transport of their goods from the River Tay through his land to their grange of Carse (Coupar Charters , i, no 82). nd The Grange of Kerso is let to the husbandmen dwelling therein, for 7 years, in which grange are 52 acres ( jugera ), paying yearly for each acre 18s, and 2 hens, and in money £46- 16s. Likewise the said husbandmen shall pay yearly for the teind sheaves 5 chalders of meal with 8 bolls of oats, with the usual service ( Cupar Rental , i, 123-4). nd Mwrhus of the same grange is let to the indwellers thereof for seven years with the teind sheaves for 10 merks, 20 bolls of corn and 24 hens ( Cupar Rental , i, 124). Pentecost 1465 The half part of Westhorn of the Grange of Kerso is let for five years to Robert Kors, for annual payment in money, cocks, hens and services as before. The other half part is let to Ranald Jakson for a like period on the same terms ( Cupar Rental , i, 152). Pentecost 1466 Grange of Kerso is let for five years to Jak Richardson, Paton Watson, Andraw Nicholson, Androu Vtyn, Thom Randal, Androu Broun, Thom Cudbert, Paton Cudbert, Nichol Quhithed, John Quhithed and John Jakson, for annual payment of moneys as formerly, with 16 capons, and the usual services. ‘Nevertheless, the lord abbot promises that the said tenants shall remain in their habitations as long as he shall live in the flesh’ (Cupar Rental , i, 152). [Jak Richarson held one fourth part of Grange of Kerso at his death before Pentecost 1469, when 3 new tenants were admitted, paying 22 merks, 4 bolls of horse corn and the ‘usual capons’, as well as for the teinds 6 bolls of corn, ‘more than that part is wont to give’, with the usual services ( Cupar Rental , i, 154-5).] Pentecost 1470 Westhorn is let for five years to Robert Cors and Ranald Jackson for annual payment of 16 merks with 2 dozen capons, and usual services, and they shall pay for the teinds 4 bolls more corn than they were wont, with 4 bolls of horse corn. Moreover in regard to the statute de non impetrandis instanciis , from whatever cause, they shall give solemn oath, under ain of forfeiture of all their goods and assedations ( Cupar Rental , i, 155). 13 Pentecost 1472 Four bovates of Westhorn of the Grange of Kerso are let to William Clerk for annual payment of 6 merks with a dozen cocks and hens and 6 bolls of corn for teinds, with a boll of horse corn, and usual services; and he shall lay out the said land to advantage in buildins and plantings of trees, ashes, osiers and sauchs, gaining land as far as possible from submersion in water ( Cupar Rental , i, 161).