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Practice Tips for Open Source Licensing Adam Kubelka
Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal Volume 22 | Issue 4 Article 4 2006 No Free Beer - Practice Tips for Open Source Licensing Adam Kubelka Matthew aF wcett Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/chtlj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Adam Kubelka and Matthew Fawcett, No Free Beer - Practice Tips for Open Source Licensing, 22 Santa Clara High Tech. L.J. 797 (2005). Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/chtlj/vol22/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal by an authorized administrator of Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLE NO FREE BEER - PRACTICE TIPS FOR OPEN SOURCE LICENSING Adam Kubelkat Matthew Fawcetttt I. INTRODUCTION Open source software is big business. According to research conducted by Optaros, Inc., and InformationWeek magazine, 87 percent of the 512 companies surveyed use open source software, with companies earning over $1 billion in annual revenue saving an average of $3.3 million by using open source software in 2004.1 Open source is not just staying in computer rooms either-it is increasingly grabbing intellectual property headlines and entering mainstream news on issues like the following: i. A $5 billion dollar legal dispute between SCO Group Inc. (SCO) and International Business Machines Corp. t Adam Kubelka is Corporate Counsel at JDS Uniphase Corporation, where he advises the company on matters related to the commercialization of its products. -
The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide
The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide Peter Jay Salzman Michael Burian Ori Pomerantz Copyright © 2001 Peter Jay Salzman 2007−05−18 ver 2.6.4 The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide is a free book; you may reproduce and/or modify it under the terms of the Open Software License, version 1.1. You can obtain a copy of this license at http://opensource.org/licenses/osl.php. This book is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but without any warranty, without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The author encourages wide distribution of this book for personal or commercial use, provided the above copyright notice remains intact and the method adheres to the provisions of the Open Software License. In summary, you may copy and distribute this book free of charge or for a profit. No explicit permission is required from the author for reproduction of this book in any medium, physical or electronic. Derivative works and translations of this document must be placed under the Open Software License, and the original copyright notice must remain intact. If you have contributed new material to this book, you must make the material and source code available for your revisions. Please make revisions and updates available directly to the document maintainer, Peter Jay Salzman <[email protected]>. This will allow for the merging of updates and provide consistent revisions to the Linux community. If you publish or distribute this book commercially, donations, royalties, and/or printed copies are greatly appreciated by the author and the Linux Documentation Project (LDP). -
AMNESIA 33: How TCP/IP Stacks Breed Critical Vulnerabilities in Iot
AMNESIA:33 | RESEARCH REPORT How TCP/IP Stacks Breed Critical Vulnerabilities in IoT, OT and IT Devices Published by Forescout Research Labs Written by Daniel dos Santos, Stanislav Dashevskyi, Jos Wetzels and Amine Amri RESEARCH REPORT | AMNESIA:33 Contents 1. Executive summary 4 2. About Project Memoria 5 3. AMNESIA:33 – a security analysis of open source TCP/IP stacks 7 3.1. Why focus on open source TCP/IP stacks? 7 3.2. Which open source stacks, exactly? 7 3.3. 33 new findings 9 4. A comparison with similar studies 14 4.1. Which components are typically flawed? 16 4.2. What are the most common vulnerability types? 17 4.3. Common anti-patterns 22 4.4. What about exploitability? 29 4.5. What is the actual danger? 32 5. Estimating the reach of AMNESIA:33 34 5.1. Where you can see AMNESIA:33 – the modern supply chain 34 5.2. The challenge – identifying and patching affected devices 36 5.3. Facing the challenge – estimating numbers 37 5.3.1. How many vendors 39 5.3.2. What device types 39 5.3.3. How many device units 40 6. An attack scenario 41 6.1. Other possible attack scenarios 44 7. Effective IoT risk mitigation 45 8. Conclusion 46 FORESCOUT RESEARCH LABS RESEARCH REPORT | AMNESIA:33 A note on vulnerability disclosure We would like to thank the CERT Coordination Center, the ICS-CERT, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) and the JPCERT Coordination Center for their help in coordinating the disclosure of the AMNESIA:33 vulnerabilities. -
ACS – the Archival Cytometry Standard
http://flowcyt.sf.net/acs/latest.pdf ACS – the Archival Cytometry Standard Archival Cytometry Standard ACS International Society for Advancement of Cytometry Candidate Recommendation DRAFT Document Status The Archival Cytometry Standard (ACS) has undergone several revisions since its initial development in June 2007. The current proposal is an ISAC Candidate Recommendation Draft. It is assumed, however not guaranteed, that significant features and design aspects will remain unchanged for the final version of the Recommendation. This specification has been formally tested to comply with the W3C XML schema version 1.0 specification but no position is taken with respect to whether a particular software implementing this specification performs according to medical or other valid regulations. The work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. You are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit), and adapt the work under the conditions specified at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. Disclaimer of Liability The International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) disclaims liability for any injury, harm, or other damage of any nature whatsoever, to persons or property, whether direct, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from publication, use of, or reliance on this Specification, and users of this Specification, as a condition of use, forever release ISAC from such liability and waive all claims against ISAC that may in any manner arise out of such liability. ISAC further disclaims all warranties, whether express, implied or statutory, and makes no assurances as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published in the Specification. -
Press Release: New and Revised Extensions for Accessible
Press release Leuven, Belgium, 8 November 2011 New and Revised Extensions for Accessible Document Creation with OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U.Leuven) today released an extension for OpenOffice.org Writer and LibreOffice Writer that enables users to evaluate and repair accessibility issues in word processing documents. “AccessODF” (http://sourceforge.net/p/accessodf/wiki/) is a freeware extension for OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice, two office suites that are freely available for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux/Unix and Solaris. At the same time, K.U.Leuven also releases new versions of two other extensions: odt2daisy (http://odt2daisy.sourceforge.net/) and odt2braille (http://odt2braille.sourceforge.net/). The former enables users to export word processing documents to digital talking books in the DAISY format; the latter enables exporting to Braille and printing on a Braille embosser. AccessODF, odt2daisy and odt2braille are being developed in the framework of the AEGIS project, an R&D project funded by the European Commission. The three extensions will be demonstrated at the AEGIS project’s Workshop and Conference, which take place in Brussels on 28-30 November 2011 (http://aegis-conference.eu/). AccessODF AccessODF is an extension that can be used in OpenOffice.org Writer and in LibreOffice Writer. It enables authors to find and repair accessibility issues in their documents, i.e. issues that make their documents difficult or even impossible to read for people with disabilities. This includes -
Running Windows Programs on Ubuntu with Wine Wine Importer Shanna Korby, Fotolia
KNoW-HoW Wine Running Windows programs on Ubuntu with Wine Wine importer Shanna Korby, Fotolia Korby, Shanna Users who move from Windows to Ubuntu often miss some of their favorite programs and games. Wouldn’t it be practical to run Windows applications on the free Ubuntu operating system? Time for a little taste of Wine. BY TIM SCHÜRMANN any Ubuntu migrants miss to develop something similar for Linux. Box or VMware, Wine does not emulate games and graphics programs A short while later, the first version of a whole PC and thus cannot be consid- Msuch as CorelDRAW or prod- Wine was released. Today, more than ered a real emulator. This also explains ucts such as Adobe Photoshop. The only 300 volunteer programmers from all over the name Wine, which means Wine Is solution is to install Windows parallel to the world continue to contribute to the Not an Emulator. Ubuntu – or try Wine, which tricks ap- Wine project. Because of the way Wine works, it of- plications into believing they are run- fers a number of advantages. Chiefly, ning on a Windows system. What’s in a Name? you do not need an expensive Windows The history of Wine goes back to the To run Windows programs on Ubuntu, license. Programs will run almost as fast year 1993. At the time, Sun developed a Wine uses a fairly complex trick: It sits as on the Redmond operating system, small tool to run Windows applications between the Windows application and and windows behave as if they belong on its own Solaris operating system, Ubuntu like a simultaneous interpreter. -
Introduction to Linux Kernel Driver Programming
IntroductionIntroduction toto LinuxLinux kernelkernel driverdriver programmingprogramming Introduction to Linux kernel driver programming The Linux kernel device model Authors and license ● Authors – Michael Opdenacker ([email protected]) Founder of Bootlin, kernel and embedded Linux engineering company https://bootlin.com/company/staff/michael-opdenacker ● License – Creative Commons Attribution – Share Alike 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ – Document sources: https://github.com/e-ale/Slides Need for a device model ● For the same device, need to use the same device driver on multiple CPU architectures (x86, ARM…), even though the hardware controllers are different. ● Need for a single driver to support multiple devices of the same kind. ● This requires a clean organization of the code, with the device drivers separated from the controller drivers, the hardware description separated from the drivers themselves, etc. Driver: between bus infrastructure and framework In Linux, a driver is always interfacing with: ● a framework that allows the driver to expose the hardware features in a generic way. ● a bus infrastructure, part of the device model, to detect/communicate with the hardware. Let’s focus on the bus infrastructure for now Device model data structures The device model is organized around three main data structures: ● The struct bus_type structure, which represent one type of bus (USB, PCI, I2C, etc.) ● The struct device_driver structure, which represents one driver capable of handling certain devices on a certain bus. ● The struct device structure, which represents one device connected to a bus The kernel uses inheritance to create more specialized versions of struct device_driver and struct device for each bus subsystem. -
Introduction to Containers
Introduction to Containers Martin Čuma Center for High Performance Computing University of Utah [email protected] Overview • Why do we want to use containers? • Containers basics • Prepare your computer for containers • Build and deploy a container • Containers for complex software • https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/RDMBHMS 10/31/2017 http://www.chpc.utah.edu Slide 2 Hands on setup 1. Download the talk slides http://home.chpc.utah.edu/~mcuma/chpc/Containers17.pdf https://tinyurl.com/y8v44z95 2. If you have CHPC account, using terminal application (Mac terminal, PuTTY, GIT Shell) – ssh [email protected] 3. Make sure you can see singularity – which singularity 4. Make sure you can sudo singularity command – sudo singularity –version OR – if you don’t have CHPC account, use Singularity on your laptop 10/31/2017 http://www.chpc.utah.edu Slide 3 Why to use containers? 10/31/2017 http://www.chpc.utah.edu Slide 4 Software dependencies • Some programs require complex software environments – OS type and versions – Drivers – Compiler type and versions – Software dependencies • Python/R/MATLAB versions • glibc, stdlibc++ versions • Other libraries and executables • Python/R libraries 10/31/2017 http://www.chpc.utah.edu Slide 5 Reproducible research • Research outputs include software and data • Software reproducibility – Software repositories (svn, git) – Good but often software has dependencies • Data reproducibility – Data as publication supplementary info, centralized repositories (NCBI), … – Disconnected from the production environment -
Sdruno (Extio) on Linux Using Wine 4.0 on Ubuntu 16.04 a Guide Put Together by the Community
SDRuno (ExtIO) on Linux using Wine 4.0 on Ubuntu 16.04 A Guide Put Together by The Community The following procedure outlines the approach used to get the ExtIO version of SDRuno running under Wine within a Linux environment. This was pulled together as a result of the efforts of various individuals on the SDRplay forum and we have found that it works on Ubuntu 16.04. Please note the following: • This is for x86 platforms ONLY and will not work on ARM systems • If you have little or no experience with Linux, this is not recommended. Linux is in our view, not for the inexperienced or faint-hearted users. • This is NOT an ‘official’ SDRplay flow. We will not be providing ANY support for users who try this and have problems. We recommend that if you are having problems that you reach out via our community forum and hopefully the people that figured this out will be in a better position to advise you. • This flow also works for HDSDR. It may also work for SDR# or any other Windows applications that use the RTL_TCP interface or the ExtIO interface. • This will NOT work with the main version of SDRuno (non ExtIO version) at present, but we hope that we will be able to provide hooks in the future so that it will. • This does not diminish our commitment to develop a fully-fledged native Linux version of SDRuno as part of our cross-platform development program. This is intended to open more options for dedicated Linux users. -
Important Freedos Operating System Information
Important FreeDOS Operating System Information This PC has the FreeDOS operating system preinstalled, The Documentation and Utilities CD supports one or more which provides only limited DOS-based functionality until languages. Because the Documentation and Utilities CD another operating system is installed. does not autorun on some operating systems, you have to explore the directory of the CD to access the Software License and Warranty documentation files. Browse the documentation folder on the CD, locate the appropriate language subfolder, then HP is not responsible for support of the FreeDOS open the product folder to the Safety & Comfort Guide. operating system, and it is important to note that some features of FreeDOS may not function on this system. NOTE: Before you can view the contents of the Some hardware options ordered and delivered with this Documentation and Utilities CD, you must install a PC may not be supported under the FreeDOS operating licensed operating system, as well as a compatible system, nor will HP be responsible for providing driver version of Adobe Acrobat Reader, available at: support for such hardware. Please refer to the standard http://www.adobe.com warranty document included with your PC to learn about software technical support. A copy of the General Public License for FreeDOS can Utilities be found on the PC in the directory The Documentation and Utilities CD also contains a PC C:\FDOS\SOURCE\FREECOM\ diagnostic program called PC Doctor. PC Doctor either runs automatically when you start your PC with this CD in and can be viewed by entering on the command line: the optical drive, or when you install it to your hard drive c:\fdos\source\freecom\license after you have installed a licensed operating system. -
Pack, Encrypt, Authenticate Document Revision: 2021 05 02
PEA Pack, Encrypt, Authenticate Document revision: 2021 05 02 Author: Giorgio Tani Translation: Giorgio Tani This document refers to: PEA file format specification version 1 revision 3 (1.3); PEA file format specification version 2.0; PEA 1.01 executable implementation; Present documentation is released under GNU GFDL License. PEA executable implementation is released under GNU LGPL License; please note that all units provided by the Author are released under LGPL, while Wolfgang Ehrhardt’s crypto library units used in PEA are released under zlib/libpng License. PEA file format and PCOMPRESS specifications are hereby released under PUBLIC DOMAIN: the Author neither has, nor is aware of, any patents or pending patents relevant to this technology and do not intend to apply for any patents covering it. As far as the Author knows, PEA file format in all of it’s parts is free and unencumbered for all uses. Pea is on PeaZip project official site: https://peazip.github.io , https://peazip.org , and https://peazip.sourceforge.io For more information about the licenses: GNU GFDL License, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.txt GNU LGPL License, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.txt 1 Content: Section 1: PEA file format ..3 Description ..3 PEA 1.3 file format details ..5 Differences between 1.3 and older revisions ..5 PEA 2.0 file format details ..7 PEA file format’s and implementation’s limitations ..8 PCOMPRESS compression scheme ..9 Algorithms used in PEA format ..9 PEA security model .10 Cryptanalysis of PEA format .12 Data recovery from -
The Linux Device File-System
The Linux Device File-System Richard Gooch EMC Corporation [email protected] Abstract 1 Introduction All Unix systems provide access to hardware via de- vice drivers. These drivers need to provide entry points for user-space applications and system tools to access the hardware. Following the \everything is a file” philosophy of Unix, these entry points are ex- posed in the file name-space, and are called \device The Device File-System (devfs) provides a power- special files” or \device nodes". ful new device management mechanism for Linux. Unlike other existing and proposed device manage- This paper discusses how these device nodes are cre- ment schemes, it is powerful, flexible, scalable and ated and managed in conventional Unix systems and efficient. the limitations this scheme imposes. An alternative mechanism is then presented. It is an alternative to conventional disc-based char- acter and block special devices. Kernel device drivers can register devices by name rather than de- vice numbers, and these device entries will appear in the file-system automatically. 1.1 Device numbers Devfs provides an immediate benefit to system ad- ministrators, as it implements a device naming scheme which is more convenient for large systems Conventional Unix systems have the concept of a (providing a topology-based name-space) and small \device number". Each instance of a driver and systems (via a device-class based name-space) alike. hardware component is assigned a unique device number. Within the kernel, this device number is Device driver authors can benefit from devfs by used to refer to the hardware and driver instance.