Landscape Character Assessment of County Roscommon
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Landscape Character Assessment of County Roscommon Roscommon County Council LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT OF COUNTY ROSCOMMON May 2014 By Roscommon County Development Plan 2014 – 2020 May 2014 Page i Landscape Character Assessment of County Roscommon Roscommon County Development Plan 2014 – 2020 May 2014 Page ii Landscape Character Assessment of County Roscommon TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages SECTION 1 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT OF COUNTY ROSCOMMON 1 1.1 The Brief 1 1.2 What is Landscape Character Assessment? 1 SECTION 2 OBJECTIVES AND GUIDELINES 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Opportunities Presented by the Unique Landscape Character of County Roscommon 5 2.3 Consideration of General Landscape Objectives 6 2.3.1 Influences 6 2.3.2 Objectives 8 2.4 Development Controls to Ameliorate Landscape Constraints and Facilitate Sustainable Development 9 SECTION 3 LANDSCAPE APPROACH TO BUILT DEVELOPMENT 12 3.1 Introduction 12 3.2 Housing 12 3.2.1 Housing in Existing Settlement 12 3.2.2 Housing in Rural Areas 13 3.3 Rural Buildings and Alternative Enterprise Proposals 16 3.4 Quarries 17 3.5 Wind Farm Development 20 3.6 Forestry and Bio-fuels 22 SECTION 4 LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT STUDY 27 4.1 Introduction 27 4.2 GIS analysis and Desk Study Mapping Of County Roscommon 27 4.3 Landscape Character and Values Mapping 38 4.4 Detailed Landscape Assessment 43 APPENDICES : APPENDIX 1: Map of Scenic Routes and Scenic Views 117 APPENDIX 2: Minutes of Stakeholder Consultation Meetings 159 Roscommon County Development Plan 2014 – 2020 May 2014 Page iii Landscape Character Assessment of County Roscommon SECTION 1: LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT OF COUNTY ROSCOMMON 1.1 THE BRIEF The aim of the project was to carry out a landscape character assessment that will provide the technical background for the Planning Authority to formulate a set of Landscape Objectives and Policy Recommendations for County Roscommon. These objectives and policy recommendations strive to achieve a balance between the proactive need to accommodate change, optimising of landscape aesthetics and due reflection of the sensitivity of various landscape (including social and economic) related values, involving: The conservation and enhancement of the landscape diversity, character and quality of the County; Protection of sensitive areas from development that would detract from or be injurious to the amenity of the area; Provision for development and change that would benefit the economy of the county including the rural economy while protecting and enhancing the landscape; Identification of suitable ‘working’ landscapes where there is potential to accommodate development. The landscape objectives and policy recommendations focus on the following five specific development types: Housing (including housing in existing settlements as well as single rural dwellings relating to the guidance set out in the Sustainable Rural Housing Guidelines for Planning Authorities); Quarries 1; Wind farms; Afforestation; and Rural buildings and alternative enterprise proposals (an increase of farm buildings is anticipated as a result of the recent EU Nitrates Directive 2). 1.2 WHAT IS LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT? Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) is a study of a given landscape to ascertain its ‘character’. Landscape character is the combination of physical, as well as, perceived aspects of the landscape. Landscape character maps and an accompanying document with descriptions and recommendations is the end product of the assessment process. The aim of the County Roscommon LCA is to provide a tool for decision making regarding development control and to influence landscape policy at Local Authority level. There are two stages in the LCA process. The first is ‘characterisation’ and the second is ‘making of judgements’ about landscape character. Definition of ‘landscape’? Landscape is understood to be a combination of the physical, the ‘seen’, the cultural and the perceived elements that merge together to form the general character of an area. Landscape has been defined as: All that is visible when looking across areas of land 3; 1 Under Section 261 of the Planning and Development Act as amended, the Planning Authority are retrospectively granting permission to existing sites or requiring them to apply for planning permission. 2 National Action Programme under the Nitrates Directive. Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DEHLG) and the Department of Agriculture and Food (DAF), 2005 3 Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2000), Draft Landscape and Landscape Assessment Guidelines Roscommon County Development Plan 2014 – 2020 May 2014 Page 1 Landscape Character Assessment of County Roscommon The relationship between people and place…The term does not mean just special or designated landscapes and it does not apply to the countryside…It results from the way different components of our environment – both natural and cultural – interact together and are perceived by us 4; Landscape means an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors; Why do a Landscape Character Assessment? Section 10, Planning and Development Act 2000 5 requires that all Local Authorities consider ‘the character of the landscape’ when drawing up objectives for their new county development plans, in the interests of proper planning and sustainable development. The European Landscape Convention (ELC), which Ireland ratified in 2002, requires signatories to assess and map their landscapes in the interest of wider European landscape planning and sustainable development. An important aspect of the ELC was to engage in widespread public consultation when assessing landscape value, which is a key component of the Roscommon LCA. LCA Stage 1: Characterisation Characterisation is the first stage of the process and involves a desk study to ascertain from existing available information with the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) the landform and landcover of a given landscape. Other aspects such as nature designations and historical monuments are also taken into account. Initial draft maps of the character areas and character types are produced based on professional interpretation of the desk information and field work is then conducted to ‘ground truth’ the maps. The refinements are made to the maps accordingly. Landscape Character Type Landscape Character Types are distinct landscapes that are relatively homogeneous in character. They are generic in nature in that they may occur in different areas in different parts of the country, but wherever they occur they broadly share similar combinations of geology, topography, drainage patterns, vegetation, historical land use and settlement pattern. For example drumlins and mountain moorlands are recognisable and distinct landscape character types 6. Landscape Character Areas Landscape Character Areas are unique, geographically-specific areas of a particular landscape type. Each has its own individual character and identity, even though it shares the same generic characteristics with other areas of the same type. This distinction is reflected in the naming of types and areas: landscape character types have generic names, but landscape character areas ake on the names of specific places. Example might be the south Leitrim 7 drumlins and the Wicklow mountain moorlands . 4 The Countryside Agency and the Scottish Natural Heritage (2002), Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland 5 Part II, s10(e) of the Local Government Planning and Development Act 2000 6 The Countryside Agency and the Scottish Natural Heritage (2002), Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland 7 Ibid Roscommon County Development Plan 2014 – 2020 May 2014 Page 2 Landscape Character Assessment of County Roscommon LCA Stage 2: Making of Judgements The second stage of the process is to record the value placed on the landscape character areas. The Roscommon LCA has put huge weight on the importance of consulting widely with both local and national interest groups and, more importantly, the people of Roscommon to discover what landscapes are valued and why. Mapping of Landscape Value A number of different studies were undertaken to classify landscape values in County Roscommon. These involved to varying degrees Community Groups, Roscommon County Council and the Consultants. An outline of the stepwise procedure used is provided below. Desk Reviews The Landscape Consultants first carried out a literature review of the most pertinent documents relating to landscape value and sensitivity, including the County Development Plan 2008-2014. Consultation with Planning Staff All available members of the County Council Planning staff were invited to take part in an exercise to map (1) landscape quality and (2) the location of scenic views and scenic routes. They were provided with maps of the county and asked to map roads not designated in the CDP as Scenic Routes but which are perceived to be of such high quality that they might warrant designation. Initial Field Work Following the consultation with planning staff, the Consultants spent a number of day’s in-the-field examining the landscapes of County Roscommon and assessing them in terms of value. The field work also enabled the Consultants to examine those locations identified by the Council Planning staff as being potential scenic routes and scenic views. The outcome of this latter study was the preparation of a draft Scenic