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LA FAUNE DE FRANCE ET D'outre-MER Catalogue Préliminaire Des Opilions De France Métropolitaine (Arachnida Opiliones)

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LA FAUNE DE FRANCE ET D'outre-MER Catalogue Préliminaire Des Opilions De France Métropolitaine (Arachnida Opiliones) Bulletin de Phyllie n° 20 – 2e trimestre 2004 LA FAUNE DE FRANCE ET D’OUTRE-MER Catalogue préliminaire des Opilions de France métropolitaine (Arachnida Opiliones) par Emmanuel DELFOSSE Bâtiment A, Escalier B, 35 route de Garges, 95200 Sarcelles, FRANCE Résumé – Il existe plus de 5 000 Espèces d’Opilions dans le monde et 120 en France. L’auteur vous propose un catalogue préliminaire des Espèces françaises avec leur nom valide, leurs synonymies et leur répartition, ce qui n’avait pas été fait depuis Simon en 1879. La liste des 26 Espèces fossiles existante dans le monde est également présentée dans ce document. Certaines Espèces mentionnées de France sont douteuses. De nouvelles localités sont mentionnées pour certaines Espèces. Mots-clés – Opilions, catalogue, France, répartition. Abstract – There are more than 5 000 Species of Harvestmen in the world and 118 in France. The author proposes a preliminary catalog of the French Species with their valid name, their synonymies and their distribution, which had last been done by Simon in 1879. This paper also lists the 26 world fossil species. There still exists some doubt concerning some of the listed species to be actually French. New localities are mentioned for some Species. Keywords – Harvestmen, catalogue, France, distribution. Le nombre d’Espèces dans le monde Nous connaissons mal les Opilions du monde sur lesquels il existe malheureusement peu de documents lesquels, sont rarement en langue française et aussi bien peu de spécialistes en ce domaine. Branson & al. (1955) font état de 2 350 Espèces ; Berland (1968) cite 2 340 Espèces d’Opilions connus dans le monde ; Sandhall (1975) mentionne seulement 3 000 Espèces ; Rollard (1991) propose plus de 3 000 Espèces ; Kaestner (1968) les estime à 3 200 ; Sankey & Savory (1974), Jones (1990), Roberts (1993) et Munoz-Cuevas (1995) notent, quant à eux, 3 500 Espèces. Hillyard (1992) et MacGavin (2000) estiment à environ 5 000 Espèces le nombre d’Opilions décrits. Enfin, Adis (2002) note l’existence d’au minimum 5 014 Espèces. Le site Internet cité en référence est l’une des listes les plus complètes sur les Opilions du monde et regroupe 6 044 espèces, y compris les fossiles (au nombre de 26). Il y aurait donc logiquement plus de 5 000 Espèces d’Opilions décrites dans le monde. Les fossiles d’Opilions dans le monde Les fossiles décrits sont également peu mentionnés. Berland (1968) note qu’il existe au moins 25 Espèces connues mais son article est assez ancien et certaines Espèces sont douteuses tandis que d’autres ont été découvertes entretemps. C’est un document trouvé sur Internet, une véritable base de données, qui nous a apporté quelques informations complémentaires et le résultat est des plus surprenants car seulement 26 espèces sont répertoriées, un chiffre finalement assez proche de celui de Berland (1968) ! Les fossiles sont Page 34 Bulletin de Phyllie n° 20 – 2e trimestre 2004 encore moins étudiés que les Opilions encore existant, et leur extrême rareté expliquent peut être ces chiffres. Nous nous appuyons donc sur ledit document Internet pour vous donner la liste des Espèces fossiles ci-après : Caddo dentipalpis (Koch & Berendt) ; Petrunkevitchiana oculatum (Petrunkevitch, 1922) ; Cheiromachus coriaceus Menge, 1854 ; Oligoopilionus aquaticus Ciobanu, 1977 ; Amauropilio lawei (Petrunkevitch, 1922) ; Amauropilio atavus (Cockerell, 1907) ; Leiobunum inclusum Roewer, 1939 ; Leiobunum sarapum Menge, 1854 ; Dicranopalpus corniger Menge, 1854 ; Dicranopalpus palmnickensis Roewer, 1939 ; Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch & Berendt 1854) ; Sabacon bachofeni Roewer, 1939 ; Rhabdotarachnoides simoni Haupt, 1956 ; Nemastoma clavigerum Menge, 1854 ; Nemastoma denticulatum Koch & Berendt 1854 ; Nemastoma succineum Roewer, 1939 ; Nemastoma tuberculatum Koch & Berendt 1854 ; Nemastomoides elaveris Thevenin, 1901 ; Nemastomoides longipes Petrunkevitch ; Nemastomoides depressus (Petrunkevitch, 1913) ; Eotrogulus fayoli Thevenin, 1901 ; Trogulus longipes Haupt, 1956 ; Philacarus hispaniolensis J. C. Cokendolpher & G. O. J. Poinar ; Hummelinckiolus silhavyi Cokendolpher & Poinar, 1998 ; Pellobunus proavus J. C. Cokendolpher, 1987 ; Gonyleptes nemastomoides Koch & Berendt 1854. Le nombre d’Espèces en France Concernant la faune de France, les études sont particulièrement rares. Le catalogue de Simon (1879b) est un peu ancien, un peu dépassé pour certaines informations, assez complexe d’utilisation, mais c’est aussi le document le plus récent et le plus complet ! Il en va de même pour les Pseudoscorpions (Judson, 1994) et pour les Acariens (pour ces derniers, nombre d’Espèces sont encore à découvrir en France – communication personnelle d’Yves Coineau, Laboratoire Zoologie-Arthropodes, MNHN) de France qui sont finalement peu étudiés. Cette étude est donc une tentative pour mieux connaître la faune de France, mais il est indiscutable que des corrections devront suivre. Sankey & Savory (1974) font état de 23 Espèces en Grande Bretagne, Jones (1990) de 24. Jones (1990) mentionne également 27 Espèces d’Opilions pour le nord-ouest de l’Europe. De Lessert (1917) considère 36 Espèces et 6 Sous-espèces d’Opilions en Suisse dans son catalogue. Stol (2002) inventorie 24 Espèces concernant la faune d’Opilions de Norvège. Simon (1879b), pour sa part, répertorie 101 Espèces d’Opilions en France dont 2 pour lesquels il a des doutes. Des synonymies apparaissent dans le catalogue de Simon lorsque nous nous appuyons, entre autres, sur les données de de Lessert (1917), Spoek (1963), Sankey & Savory (1974), Jones (1990), Rambla (1960, 1967, 1970, 1972) et Stol (2002). Nous vous proposons donc la liste des Opilions de France ci-après suivant Aniotsbéhère (1998), Anonyme (2000), Balazuc & Dresco (1952), Banks (1901), Becker (1881), Béranger-Lévêque & Rollard (1994, 1996), Canestrini (1872), d’Amico (1990), De Geer (1778), de Lessert (1917), Delfosse (1999, 2000a, 2000b, 2001, à paraître), Delfosse & Iorio (à paraître), Delfosse & Macé (à paraître), Delfosse & Blot (à paraître), Delfosse & Mériguet (2000), Delfosse & Venner (2000), Derouet & Dresco (1958) ; Doignon (1976), Dresco-Derouet (1967), Dresco (1947a, 1947b, 1950, 1952a, 1952b, 1952c, 1953, 1954, 1955a, 1955b, 1956, 1958, 1959a, 1959b, 1966, 1967a, 1967b, 1967c, 1968, 1969a, 1969b, 1970, 1972, 1990), Fabricius (1775, 1779), Geoffroy (1983), Giribet (2000), Grüber (1973), Grüber & Martens (1968), Hahn (1834), Hadzi (1931), Hanot & Delfosse (à paraître), Haupt & Haupt (1993), Herbst (1798, 1799), Hermann (1804), Hillyard & Sankey (1989), Iorio (2003, 2004), Jeannel (1926), Jones (1990), Juberthie (1956, 1958, 1961, 1964), Juberthie & Juberthie (1957, 1973), Juberthie, Lopez & Juberthie (1991), Koch (1936, 1839, 1848a, 1848b), Kolosvary (1933a, 1933b), Kovoor & Munoz-Cuevas (2000), Kratochvil (1934), Kraus (1959a, 1959b, 1961), Lagarrigue (1950), Lancelevée (1884), Lipovsek & al. (2004), Lopez (1979), Lopez (1983), Lopez & al. (1985), Lopez & Geoffroy (1985), Lopez & Marcou (1979), Lucas (1860, 1866, 1874, 1875, 1877, 1878a, 1878b), Martens (1966, 1972, 1969a, 1969b, 1983, 1986), Martens & Lingnau (1985), Meade (1861), Mello-Leitao (1936), Munoz- Cuevas (1980, 1995), Parisot (1962), Perty (1833), Pickard-Cambridge (1890, 1912), Rambla (1960, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1986), Rambla & Lopez (1988), Roewer (1910, 1912, 1959, 1950, 1951, 1961, 1962), Sankey Page 35 Bulletin de Phyllie n° 20 – 2e trimestre 2004 & Savory (1974), Sankey & Storey (1969), Simon (1879a, 1879b, 1879 c, 1907, 1910, 1911, 1913), Spoek (1963), Stol (1993a, 1993b, 2002), Strand (1900, 1928), van der Hammen (1947), von Helversen & Martens (1972), Westwood (1874) : Sous-ordre des Cyphophthalmi Super-famille des Sironoidea Famille des Sironidae 1. Le rougeâtre : Siro rubens Latreille, 1804. Répartition : sud-est du Massif Central et régions du sud : Cantal, Corrèze (Brives ; station située à 2 km de Donzenac), Aveyron (forêt de Palanges), Tarn (région toulousaine dans la forêt de Grésigne), Tarn-et-Garonne, Haute-Garonne, Hérault. 2. Parasiro corsicus (Simon, 1872). Synonymies (Giribet, 2000) : Cyphophthalmus corsicus Simon, 1872 ; Siro corsicus Thorell, 1882 ; Cyphophthalmus corsicus Simon, 1872 ; Parasiro corsicus Hansen & Sorensen, 1904. Répartition : Corse (grottes de Porto- Parasiro Vecchio ; à proximité de Porto Vecchio). corsicus. Dessin 3. Parasiro coiffaiti Juberthie, 1956. Cette Espèce est dédiée à Henri Coiffait (1907-1989). d’Emmanuel Répartition : Pyrénées-Orientales (col de Llauro ; Montbollo). Delfosse 4. Parasiro minor Juberthie, 1958. Répartition : Corse du sud (Evisa à environ 825 m d’après Berland d’altitude ; Gravone). (1932) : 406. Sous-ordre des Palpatores Infra-ordre des Eupnoi Super-famille des Phalangioidea Famille des Sclerosomatidae Sous-famille des Gyantinae 5. Le Faucheur annulaire Gyas annulatus (Olivier, 1791). Synonymies : Phalangium annulatum Olivier, 1791 ; Phalangium bicolor Fabricius, 1793 ; Opilio nigricans C. L. Koch, 1848 ; Leiobunum nigricans L. Koch, 1869 ; Leiobunum humile Koch, 1876 ; Gyas titanus Simon, 1879 ; Nelima humilis Hadži, 1931. Répartition : Les Alpes, Hautes-Alpes (Briançon ?), Ariège, Pyrénées, Basses-Pyrénées (la Rhûne, près de Saint-Jean de Luz), Pyrénées-Orientales (grotte de la Pouade, près de Banyuls-sur-Mer), Basses-Pyrénées (Saint Engrace, Cacuetta ; grotte de la Ferme Balagué, commune de Rebenacq ; grotte du Bivouac, commune de Saint Engrace), Hautes-Pyrénées (grotte de la ferme Soulabère, commune de Peyrouse ; Calypso près de Cauterets), Ardèche (grotte de Voidon à Grospierres).
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