DOCSLIB.ORG

Tahlil Farhang 9-4-97.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tahlil Farhang 9-4-97.Indd ُ&ــ%$#ـ"!ّ ;)<&2= >*6?@ '()*+%,./ 0*1 :0123/ 45$ *67 5(89 ﺳﺮﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ : ﻣ 7ﮔﻮﺋﯿﺎن، ﺟﯿﻢ، ١٩۵٢ ‑ م. McGuigan, Jim ﻋﻨﻮان و ﻧﺎم ﭘﺪﻳﺪآور : ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﺮ ﻫﻨﮕ/ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﺟﯿﻢ ﻣ 7ﮔﻮﺋﯿﺎ ن؛ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺳﺠﺎد ﻋﻠﯿﺰاده . ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻧﺸﺮ : ﺗﻬﺮان: ﭘﮋوﻫﺸ*ﺎه ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﻫﻨﺮ و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎ ت، ٣٩٧ ١. ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻇﺎﻫﺮی : ٣٩٧ ص .؛ ١۴×٢١سم . ﺷﺎﺑ : ٢۴٠٠٠٠رﯾﺎ ل١٣۵-٢-٩٧٨-۶٠٠-۴۵٢ : وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﯾﺴ : ﻓﯿﭙﺎ ﻳﺎدداﺷﺖ : ﻋﻨﻮان اﺻﻠ.: .Cultural analysis,2010 ﻣﻮﺿﻮع : ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ Culture ﻣﻮﺿﻮع : ﺗﻤﺪن Civilization ﻣﻮﺿﻮع : ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ Social history ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ اﻓﺰوده : ﻋﻠﯿﺰاده، ﺳﺠﺎد، ١٣۶۴ ‑، ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ اﻓﺰوده : ﭘﮋوﻫﺸ*ﺎه ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﻫﻨﺮ و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت رده ﺑﻨﺪی ﮐﻨﮕﺮه : ١٣٩٧ ٣ت٧٣۶م /H M۶٢١ رده ﺑﻨﺪی دﯾﻮﯾﯽ : ٠۶ ٣ ﺷﻤﺎره ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺸﻨﺎﺳ ﻣﻠ : ١٧٣٣۵٧ ۵ ﻧﺎﺷﺮ: ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﺎه ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﻫﻨﺮ و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻋﻨﻮان: ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه: ﺟﯿﻢ ﻣ 7ﮔﻮﺋﯿﺎن ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ: ﺳﺠﺎد ﻋﻠﯿﺰاده وﯾﺮاﺳﺘﺎر: ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﺣﻤﺎن ﺳﺮﻟ? ﺻﻔﺤﻪآرا: ﺣﺴﯿﻦ آذری ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﭼﺎپ: اول‑ﺑﻬﺎر ١٣٩٧ ﺷﻤﺎرﮔﺎن: ١٠٠٠ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ: ٢۶٠٠٠٠ رﯾﺎل ﺷﺎﺑ>: ٢- ١٣۵-٧٨-۶٠٠-۴۵٢ ٩ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮای ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﺎه ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﻫﻨﺮ و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ اﺳﺖ. در ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺨﻠﻒ، ﭘﯿﺮد ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧ دارد. ﻧﺸﺎﻧ: ﺗﻬﺮان، ﭘﺎ ﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ از ﻣﯿﺪان وﻟﻋﺼﺮ(ﻋﺞ)، ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎن دﻣﺸﻖ، ﺷﻤﺎره ٩،ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﺎه ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﻫﻨﺮ و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﺻﻨﺪوق ﭘﺴﺘ: ۶٢٧۴‑ ١۴١۵۵. ﺗﻠﻔﻦ: ٨٨٩٠٢٢١٣ . دورﻧﮕﺎر: ٨٨٨٩٣٠٧۶ Email: [email protected] A!/(1 B C<&2= D#(E/ F92G= ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ................................................................................. ١ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ........................................................................................ ٣ ﻓﺼﻞ اول: ﻋﺮﺻﮥ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ...................................................... ١٩ ﻓﺼﻞ دوم: ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﯾﺘﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺧﺖ ﻣﺮدم ....................................... ۵٣ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮم: ﺑﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﻓﺠﺎﯾﻊ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ ....................................... ٨٩ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرم: اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت...................................................... ١٣١ ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ: ﻫﻮﯾﺖ و ﺑﺤﺮان اﺟﺘﻤﺎع.................................................. ١۵٩ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺷﺸﻢ: ﺟﺎ ﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮاه ............................................... ١٨٩ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ: ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ هآﻣﯿﺰ...................................................... ٢٢١ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ: ﻧﺌﻮﻟﯿﺒﺮاﻟﯿﺴﻢ، ﺑﺎزآﻓﺮﯾﻨ ﺷﻬﺮی و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ .................. ٢۵٧ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﻬﻢ: ﮐﺎرآﻣﻮزان ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾ ﻪداری ﺳﺮد............................................... ٢٨٣ ﻓﺼﻞ دﻫﻢ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾ ﻪداری ﺳﺮد.................................. ٣١١ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻪ....................................................................................... ٣۵١ !"#$ &$'($ ﺟﯿﻢ ﻣ 7ﮔﻮﺋﯿﺎن ﺟﺰء ﻣﻄﺮ حﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬارﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﺮان و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﭘﺮدازان ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدی اﺳﺖ و آﺛﺎر وی ﹰﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار و ﺳﺘﺎﯾ ﺶﺷﺪه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣ 7ﮔﻮﺋﯿــﺎن در ﮐﺘــﺎب ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ اﯾــﻦ ﺑﯿﻨــﺶ اﺳﺎﺳــ را اراﺋــﻪ ﻣﮐﻨــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺟﻬــﺎن ﮐﻨﻮﻧــ و ﺟﻮاﻣــﻊ اﻣــﺮوزی در آراﯾــﺶ و ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻧﯿﺮوﻫــﺎی ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔــﺬار ﺧــﻮد ﺗﻐﯿﯿــﺮات ﻣﻬﻤــ ﮐﺮدهاﻧــﺪ و ﺑ ﻪﺧﺼــﻮص ﺳــﺎزوﮐﺎرﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ در ﺟﻬــﺎن ﮐﻨﻮﻧــ اﻫﻤﯿﺘــ اﺳﺎﺳــ ﭘﯿــﺪا ﮐﺮد هاﻧــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺑ ﻪدرﺳــﺘ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ. او ﻣﻌﺘﻘــﺪ اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ در ﭘــﺲ ﺟﺰ ﺋﺗﺮﯾــﻦ و ﺧﺮدﺗﺮﯾــﻦ ﺣــﻮادث و ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻧــﺎت زﻧﺪﮔــ روزﻣــﺮه، ﻧﻘــﺶ ﺳــﺎزوﮐﺎرﻫﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ. ﮐﻼن و ﻣﻬﻤــ را دﯾــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺑ ﻪﺧﺼــﻮص در دﻫ ﻪﻫــﺎی اﺧﯿــﺮ اﻫﻤﯿــﺖ و اﺳــﺘﯿﻼ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪاﻧــﺪ. اﻟﺒﺘــﻪ ﻣ7ﮔﻮﺋﯿــﺎن ﻧﯿــﺰ ﻫﻤﭽــﻮن ﺑﺮﺧــ. دﯾــﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮﯾ ﻪﭘــﺮدازان اﻧﺘﻘــﺎدی، اـﻫﻤﯿـﺖ ﭘﯿــﺪا ـﮐـﺮدن ﻓﺮـﻫﻨـﮓ را در دورۀ اـﺧﯿـﺮ ﻧﺎـﺷـ. از ـﻧﻘـﺶ و ﻋﻤﻠﺮد ﺳــﺎزوﮐﺎرﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼــﺎدی ﻣداﻧــﺪ و آن را «ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪداری ﺳــﺮد» ﺗﻌﺒﯿــﺮ ﻣ .ﮐﻨــﺪ. درواﻗــﻊ ﻣ 7ﮔﻮﺋﯿــﺎن ﭘﺸــﺖ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎری از ﮐﺮدارﻫــﺎ و ﻗﻮاﻋــﺪ زﻧﺪﮔــ روزﻣــﺮۀ اﻣــﺮوزی، ﻋﻤﻠــﺮد ﭘﯿﭽﯿــﺪۀ ﻓﺮﻫﻨــﮓ ﻣﺼﺮ فﮔــﺮای ٢ | ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳــﺘﻪ از ﻧﺌﻮﻟﯿﺒﺮاﻟﯿﺴــﻢ را ﻣﺑﯿﻨــﺪ؛ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ ﮐــﻪ اﮐﻨــﻮن ﺑــﻪ اوج ﻫﮋﻣﻮﻧــ. ﺧــﻮد رﺳــﯿﺪه اﺳــﺖ و ﻫﻤــﮥ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫــﺎی اﻧﺘﻘــﺎدی و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘــ را ﺧﻨﺜــ و ﺑﯽاﺛــﺮ ﮐــﺮده و ﺑــﻪ ﺳــﺎزش و ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤــﻪ ﮐﺸــﺎﻧﺪه اﺳــﺖ؛ ﻣ7ﮔﻮﺋﯿــﺎن ـﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣدﻫــﺪ ـﮐـﻪ ﺣﺘــ ﻣﻄﺎـﻟﻌـﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ ﻧﯿــﺰ ـﺑـﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻫﻢﮔﺮاﯾــﯽ و ﺳﺎزﺷــ ﮐــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨــﮓ ﻧﺌﻮﻟﯿﺒﺮاﻟﯿﺴــﺘ ﭘﯿــﺪا ﮐــﺮد ه اﺳــﺖ، ﺗــﺎ ﺣــﺪ زﯾــﺎدی ﺑــﺎر اﻧﺘﻘــﺎدی ﺧــﻮد را از دﺳــﺖ داده و ﺑــﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﯾﺸــﺮ و ﻣــﺮوج ﻣﺼﺮ فﮔﺮاﯾــﯽ ﺑــﺪل ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ. ﮐﺘــﺎب ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ، اﻟــﻮی ﺧﻮﺑــﯽ ﺑــﺮای ﻧﺤــﻮۀ ﮐﺎرﺑﺴــﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﯾ ﻪﻫــﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ ﺑــﺮای ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋــﺎت و ﻣﺴــﺎﺋﻞ اﻧﻀﻤﺎﻣــ ﻣﻬــﻢ ﺟﻬــﺎن ﻣﻌﺎﺻــﺮ اﺳــﺖ. ﮐﺘــﺎب ﻣﺘﺸــœﻞ از ﻓﺼ ﻞﻫﺎﯾــﯽ اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﻫــﺮ ﯾــ7 ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﮥ ﻣــﻮردی ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋــ. ﺧــﺎص ﻣﭘــﺮدازد. درﻣﺠﻤــﻮع، ﻣ 7ﮔﻮﺋﯿــﺎن در اـﯾـﻦ ـﮐﺘـﺎب ـﺑـﻪ ـﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ ﻃﯿﻒ وﺳــﯿﻊ و ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋ از ﻣﻮﺿﻮـﻋـﺎت؛ ﻣﺎـﻧﻨـﺪ ﻣــﺮگ ﭼﻬﺮ هـﻫـﺎی ﻣﺸــﻬﻮر، ﺑﺮﮔﺰاری ﺟﺸــﻨﻮار هﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﻦا ـﻟﻤﻠﻠـ.، ﺑﺎزآﻓﺮﯾﻨــ ﺷــﻬﺮی، ﻣﺴــﺎﺋﻞ ﻧــﮋادی، ـﺳـﺮﯾﺎ لﻫﺎی ﻋﺎﻣ ﻪﭘﺴــﻨﺪ، اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻠﻔ ﻦﻫــﺎی ﻫﻤــﺮاه و... ﭘﺮداﺧﺘــﻪ اﺳــﺖ. ﮐﻨــﺎر اﻫــﺪاف ﻋﻠﻤــ، ﻣ 7ﮔﻮﺋﯿــ*ﺎن ﺑــﺎ اﻟﻬــﺎم از ﻧﻈﺮﯾ ﻪﭘــﺮدازان اﻧﺘﻘــﺎدی ﻫﺪﻓــ ﻋﻤﻠــ. و ﺳﯿﺎﺳــ. را ﻧﯿــﺰ دﻧﺒــﺎل ﻣﮐﻨــﺪ. ﻫــﺪف او ﻫﻤﺎ نﻃــﻮر ﮐــﻪ ﺧــﻮد اﻋــﻼم ﻣ .ﮐﻨــﺪ، ﺑــﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻦ روﯾــﺮد اﻧﺘﻘــﺎدی در ﺟﻬــﺖ ﻋﻼـﯾـﻖ و ﻣﻨﺎـﻓـﻊ ﻋﻤﻮﻣــ اـﺳـﺖ. او ـﺑـﺎ اـﯾـﻦ ﮐﺎر ـﺗـﻼش ﻣﮐﻨﺪ ﺗــﺎ در اﯾﺠــﺎد ﯾــ7 ﻋﺮﺻــﮥ ﻋﻤﻮﻣــ ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮﺗــﺮ، ﻋﺎدﻻﻧ ﻪﺗــﺮ و ﻣﺸــﺎرﮐﺘﺗﺮ ﺳــﻬﻤ. داﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. در ﭘﺎﯾــﺎن ﻻزم ﻣداﻧﻴــﻢ از ﺗﻼ شﻫــﺎی ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﮥ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸــﺎه ﻓﺮﻫﻨــﮓ، ﻫﻨــﺮ و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃــﺎت در ﺣﻤﺎﻳــﺖ و ﻫﻤﺮاﻫــ. ﺗﺮﺟﻤــﮥ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﻗﺪرداﻧــ ﮐﻨﻴــﻢ. &$'($ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ در اﯾــﻦ ﮐﺘــﺎب، ﭼﺸــﻢاﻧﺪاز اراﺋ ﻪﺷــﺪه ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ، ﺑــﺮ آن اﺳــﺖ ﺗــﺎ روﯾــﺮد ¦ﭘﮋوﻫﺸــ ﭼﻨﺪﺑﻌــﺪی را دﻧﺒــﺎل ﮐﻨــﺪ و ﺟﻬ ﺖﮔﯿــﺮی آن ﻣﻌﻄــﻮف ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﮥ ﻣﺴــﺎﺋﻠ اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﻮردﻋﻼﻗــﮥ ﻋﻤــﻮم١ اﺳــﺖ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﺑﻌــﺪی ﺗــﻼش ﻣﮐﻨــﺪ ﺗــﺎ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔــ ﻫﺴﺘﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘ ﭘﺪﯾﺪ هﻫــﺎی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ و ﺑ ﻪﻋﺒﺎرﺗــ ﭼﻨﺪﺑﻌــﺪی ﺑــﻮدن ﻫﺴــﺘ آنﻫــﺎ را درک ﮐﻨــﺪ. ﭼﻨﯿــﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠــ ﺑــﻪ اﻧﺘﺸــﺎر ﻓﺮﻫﻨــﮓ و ﺗﻌﺎﻣــﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿــﺪ و ﻣﺼــﺮف ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ ﺗﻮﺟــﻪ ﻣﮐﻨــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﺘﻀﻤــﻦ ﻣــﺎدی ﺑــﻮدن و ﻣﻌﻨــﺎدار ﺑــﻮدن اﹶﺷــﺎل ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ. اﺳــﺖ. ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋــﺎت ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺑﯽﺷــﻤﺎری وﺟــﻮد دارﻧــﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﻣ .ﺗــﻮان آنﻫــﺎ را ﺑــﻪ اﯾــﻦ روش ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﮐــﺮد و ﻫﯿﭻﯾــ7 ﹰﻟﺰوﻣــﺎ ﮐــﻢارزش ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ، ﺑﺎاﯾ ﻦﺣــﺎل ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ دﺳــﺖ ﺑــﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎ بﻫﺎﯾــﯽ زد و درﺑــﺎرۀ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨــﺪی ﻣﻮﺿﻮـﻋـﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎﺗــ ﮔﺮـﻓـﺖ؛ ـﺑـﻪ اـﯾـﻦ دـﻟﯿـﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋــﺎت ﻣﻮردﻋﻼﻗﮥ ﻋﻤــﻮم در اﯾــﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳــ ﺟﺎﯾــﺎه ﺑﺮﺟﺴــﺘﻪای دارﻧــﺪ. ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋــﺎت ﻣﻮردﻋﻼﻗــﮥ ﻋﻤــﻮم ﻧﺎﻇــﺮ ﺑــﺮ ﻣﺴــﺎﺋﻠ .اﻧﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺑــﻪ دﻻﯾــﻞ 1. public ۴ | ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺑــﺮای ﺷــﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﯾــ7 ﺳــﺎﻣﺎن ﺳﯿﺎﺳــ١ (ﻧــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﯾــﻒ ﻣﺤــﺪود آن؛ ﺑﻠــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﯾــﻒ ﻓﺮاﮔﯿــﺮ آن) ﻣﻬــﻢ و ﺑﺤﺚﺑﺮاﻧﮕﯿﺰﻧــﺪ. ﻣــﺎ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﻪ و ﺟﻬــﺎن ﺑ ﻪﻫ ﻢﭘﯿﻮﺳــﺘﻪای زﻧﺪﮔــ. ﻣ .ﮐﻨﯿــﻢ ﮐــﻪ در آن ﺑــﻪ ارز شﻫــﺎی ﺟﻬﺎ نوﻃــﻦ ﺑ ﻪﺷــﺪت ﻧﯿــﺎز اﺳــﺖ. اﯾــﻦ ﻣﺴــﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻮردﻋﻼﻗــﮥ ﻋﻤــﻮم ﻣﻤــﻦ اﺳــﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮع ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﺎﺗــ ﺑــﺪل ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﮐــﻪ روی ﺗﺼﻤﯿ ﻢﮔﯿﺮ یﻫــﺎی ﺳﯿﺎﺳــ ﻧ ﻪﺗﻨﻬــﺎ در ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻣﺤﻠــ، ﻣﻠــ و ـﻣﻨﻄﻘـ ﻪای؛ ـﺑﻠـﻪ در ـﻣﻘﯿـﺎس ـﻗـﺎرهای و ﺟﻬﺎﻧــ ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮـﮔـﺬار ﺑﺎـﺷـﻨﺪ. ﭼﻨﯿــﻦ روﯾــﺮدی ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ، ﻣﺗﻮاﻧــﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸــﻪﺑﺮاﻧﮕﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. ﺑﺎاﯾ ﻦﺣــﺎل، ﺑــﺮ ﭘﺎﯾــﮥ ﻣﻨﻄــﻖ ﻋﻤﻠــ و ﺑــﺮای ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾــﺰ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻦ روﯾــﺮد ﺗـﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮـﻣـﺎن از دﯾــﺮ اﻧــﻮاع ـﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ، ـﺑـﻪ اـﺗﺨـﺎذ ﺑﺮﺧــ ﻣﻮاﺿــﻊ ـﻧﯿـﺎز دارﯾــﻢ. روـﯾـﺮد اﻧﺘﺨﺎ بـﺷـﺪه در اـﯾـﻦ ـﮐﺘـﺎب، ﻫﻤــﮥ آﻧﭽــﻪ را ﮐــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻃــﻮر ﻣﺴــﺘﺪل ﻣﺗــﻮان آ نﻫــﺎ را «ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ» (ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻌﻨــﺎی ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﮥ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫــﺎی ﻧﻤﺎدﯾــﻦ) ﻧﺎﻣﯿــﺪ، در ﺑــﺮ ﻧﻤﮔﯿــﺮد. رﺷــﺘ ﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺨﺼﺼــ زﯾــﺎدی وﺟــﻮد دارﻧــﺪ ﮐــﻪ درون ﺗﻌﺮﯾــﻒ ﮔﺴــﺘﺮد های از ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ. ﺟــﺎی ﻣﮔﯿﺮﻧــﺪ. اﯾــﻦ رﺷــﺘ ﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎر ﮔﺴــﺘﺮده و ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮﺗــﺮ از ـﻫـﺪف اـﯾـﻦ ـﮐﺘـﺎب ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ و ﻫﻨــﺮ، ﺗﺎرـﯾـﺦ، ﻧﻘــﺪ ادﺑــﯽ، ﻣﻮ ﺳﯿﻘﺷﻨﺎﺳــ. و اﻧﺴﺎ نﺷﻨﺎﺳــ. اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋــ. را ‑ ﮐــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣــﮥ ﻣــﺎ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎر ﻧﺰدـﯾـ7 اـﺳـﺖ ‑ در ﺑــﺮ ﻣ .ﮔﯿﺮﻧــﺪ. درﻫﺮﺣــﺎل، ـﺗـﻼش ﺑــﺮای ﮔــﺮدآوری ﻫﻤــﮥ ﺷــﺎﺧ ﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻠﯿــﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ در ﮐﺘﺎﺑــﯽ واﺣــﺪ، ﮐﺎری ﺟﻨﻮ نآﻣﯿــﺰ و ﻗﺎﺑ ﻞﻗﯿــﺎس ﺑــﺎ ﮐﻮﺷــﺶ ﻋﺒــﺚ ﮐﺎزاﺑــﻮن٢، ﺷــﺨﺼﯿﺖ اﺳﻄﻮر ¦هﺷــﻨﺎس رﻣــﺎن ﻣﯿﺪ لﻣــﺎرچ٣ اﺛــﺮ ﺟــﺮج اﻟﯿــﻮت۴ اﺳــﺖ. ﮐﺘــﺎب ﭘﯿــﺶ رو ﹰﻋﻤﺪـﺗـﺎ و ـﺑـﻪ ﺻــﻮرت ـﺧـﺎص ـﺑـﺮ ﺳــﻨﺖ ﺑﺮﯾﺘﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾــﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ و ﺳــﻨﺖ اروﭘﺎﯾــﯽ ﻧﻈﺮﯾــﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋــ ‑ اﻧﺘﻘــﺎدی 1. polity 2. Casaubon 3. middlemarch 4. George Eliot ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ | ۵ ﺗﮑﯿــﻪ دارد. ﻫﺮﮐــﺪام از اﯾــﻦ دو ﺳــﻨﺖ، ﺗﺎرﯾــﺦ ﺧــﺎص ﺧــﻮد، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﻪ آـﺛـﺎر ـﺑـﺎرز و ﻣﺠﻤﻮـﻋـﻪای از ـﻣﺘﻔﮑـﺮان ﺑﺮﺟﺴــﺘﻪ را دارد و اﻟـﺒﺘـﻪ ﻫﯿﭻـﮐـﺪام از آ نﻫــﺎ از ﻧﻘــﺪ ﺷــﺪن ﻣﺼــﻮن ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ و ﺑــﺮای ﻫﻤﯿﺸــﻪ ﺟﺎﯾــﺎه ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖﺷــﺪهای ﻧــﺪارد. اﯾــﻦ ﺳــﻨ ﺖﻫﺎ، ﺳــﻨ ﺖﻫﺎی ﺳــﯿﺎل و ﻣﻨﻌﻄﻔــ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑــﻪ ﻃــﻮر ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻨــﺎ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺘﺸــﺎن، ﺑــﺮای ﺳــﻨﺖ اﺣﺘﺮاﻣــ ﻗﺎـﺋـﻞ ﻧﯿﺴــﺘﻨﺪ. ـﻫـﺮ دوی آ نﻫــﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﺎرﺷــﺘﻪای ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ، ﻫﻤﭽـﻨـﺎ ن ـﮐـﻪ ـﮐﺘـﺎب ـﭘﯿـﺶ رو ﻧﯿــﺰ ـﭼﻨﯿـﻦ اـﺳـﺖ. ﺑﺎاﯾ ﻦـﺣـﺎل ـﻫـﺮ ـﯾـ7 از اـﯾـﻦ دو ﺳــﻨﺖ ﻧﻘﻄــﮥ ﻋﺰﯾﻤــﺖ رﺷــﺘﻪای ﺧــﻮد را ﻧﯿــﺰ دارد ﮐــﻪ اﯾــﻦ ﻧﻘﻄــﮥ ﻋﺰﯾﻤــﺖ ﺑــﺮای ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕــ؛ ﺗﺎرﯾــﺦ ادﺑــﯽ اﺳــﺖ و ﺑــﺮای ﻧﻈﺮﯾــﮥ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋــ ‑ اﻧﺘﻘــﺎدی؛ ﻓﻠﺴــﻔﮥ ﺳﯿﺎﺳــ. ﭘﯿﺸــﯿﻨﮥ رﺷــﺘﻪای ﻣــﻦ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧــﻪ اﺳــﺖ و ﺟﺎ ﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳــ.، ادﺑﯿــﺎت، ﺗﺎرﯾــﺦ اﻧﺪﯾﺸــ ﻪﻫﺎ و ﭘﮋوﻫــﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﺎرﺷــﺘﻪای در زﻣﯿﻨــﮥ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃــﺎت ﺟﻤﻌــ را ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﻣ .دﻫــﺪ. در داﻧﺸــ*ﺎ هﻫﺎ درﺑــﺎرۀ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣــﮥ ﺑﯿﻨﺎرﺷــﺘﻪای زﯾــﺎد ﻻف زده ﻣﺷــﻮد، اـﻣـﺎ در ـﻋﻤـﻞ ﺑ ﻪـﻧـﺪرت ـﺑـﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮـﻓﺘـﻪ ﻣ .ﺷــﻮد؛ زﯾــﺮا ﻫﻤﯿﺸــﻪ از ﺟﺎﻧــﺐ دﯾﺪﮔﺎ هﻫــﺎی رﺷــﺘﻪای ﺑــﻪ ﺳــﻄﺤ ﺑــﻮدن و ﺑﯽﻣﺎﯾــﻪ ﺑــﻮدن ـﻣﺘﻬـﻢ اﺳــﺖ. ﺑﺎاﯾ ﻦﺣــﺎل، ـﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣــ در «دـﻧﯿـﺎی واﻗﻌــ» ﺑــﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪیﻫــﺎی رﺷــﺘﻪای ﺑ ﻪراﺣﺘــ ﺳــﺎزﮔﺎر ﻧﻤ .ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑــﻪ اﯾــﻦ دﻟﯿــﻞ ﭘﮋوﻫــﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﺎرﺷــﺘﻪای ارزش ﺑ ﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿــﺮی را دارد. وﯾﮋﮔــ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰﺑﺨــﺶ ﻣﻄﺎـﻟﻌـﺎت ﻓﺮـﻫﻨﮕـ. ﺑﺮﯾﺘﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾــﯽ، ﭘــﺮوژۀ آن ﺑﺮای دﻣﺮاﺗﯿــ7 ﮐــﺮدن ﻓﻬــﻢ ﻣــﺎ از ﻓﺮﻫﻨــﮓ اﺳــﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾــﻦ، اﯾــﻦ ﺳــﻨﺖ، ﺧﻮاﻫــﺎن ﺗﺮﮐﯿــﺐ آﻧﭽــﻪ در اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴــ. ﺑــﻪ آن «ﻓﺮﻫﻨــﮓ» ﺑــﺎ ﺣــﺮف اول ﺑــﺰرگ١ ـﮔﻔﺘـﻪ ﻣﺷــﻮد از ﯾ 7ﺳــﻮ و «ﻓﺮﻫﻨــﮓ» ـﺑـﺎ ﺣــﺮف اول ﮐﻮـﭼـ٢7 ﺑ ﻪﻋﻨــﻮان ¦ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺠــ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃــﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋــ از ﺳــﻮی دﯾــﺮ اﺳــﺖ. اﯾــﻦ ﺗﺮـﮐﯿـﺐ ﻣﻌﻀـﻠـﻪدار٣ اـﺳـﺖ؛ زﯾــﺮا ﺑﺮﺧــ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰـﻫـﺎی ـﻣﻬـﻢ را ـﮐـﻪ ـﮐﻤـﺎﮐﺎن 1. Culture 2. culture 3. problematic ۶ | ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯿــﺖ دارﻧــﺪ ‑ ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﯾــﺰ ﻣﯿــﺎن ﻫﻨــﺮ و ﮔﻔﺘــﺎر١ ‑ از ﻣﯿــﺎن ﺑﺮﻣــدارد. ﻣﻬ ﻢﺗــﺮ از آن، اﯾــﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿــﺐ، اﻧﮕﺎر هﻫــﺎی ﻧﺨﺒ ﻪﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧــﻪ را ﺑــﻪ ﭼﺎﻟــﺶ ﻣﮐﺸــﺪ و ﻣــﺮوج ار جﮔــﺬاری ﺑــﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨــﮓ ﻋﺎﻣﻪﭘﺴــﻨﺪ٢ اﺳــﺖ. اﯾــﻦ ﺣﺮﮐــﺖ، ﺣﺮﮐﺘــ ﻣﺘﺮﻗــ ﺑــﻮده اﺳــﺖ، اﮔﺮﭼــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺷــﻠ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗــﺾ، زﻣﺎﻧــ ﮐــﻪ ﻃــﺮح ﺳــﺆاﻻت در ﺑــﺎب ارزش (ﺷــﯿﻮهای از ﺗﻌﺮﯾــﻒ «ﻓﺮﻫﻨــﮓ»، ﺗﻌﺮﯾــﻒ آن ﺑ ﻪﻋﻨــﻮان ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﻪ ارز شﻫﺎﺳــﺖ) در ﺑﺮﺧــ زﻣﯿﻨ ﻪﻫــﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻤــﻦ ﺑــﻮده اﺳــﺖ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾــﺞ دردﺳﺮﺳــﺎزی در ﭘــﯽ داﺷــﺘﻪ اﺳــﺖ. در اﯾــﻦ
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Festa Del Cinema Di Roma
    Sidney Poitier e Paul Newman sono i protagonisti dell’immagine ufficiale della quindicesima edizione della Festa del Cinema di Roma, in una foto FESTA che celebra, oltre al glamour del grande cinema, il senso di comunione e amore interrazziale. Lo scatto, in occasione delle riprese di Paris Blues di Martin Ritt (1961), film candidato all’Oscar® per la miglior colonna sonora firmata da Duke DEL CINEMA Ellington, rappresenta un omaggio a due icone della storia del cinema. Il senso di complicità, la gioia di stare insieme, la condivisione delle esperienze, il valore della collaborazione umana e artistica sono il beat DI ROMA della Festa del Cinema 2020. Sidney Poitier and Paul Newman are the protagonists of the official poster of the 15th Rome Film Fest. This is an image that celebrates the glamour of great cinema but also a sense of communion and interracial love.The photo, taken during the shooting of Paris Blues by Martin Ritt (1961), the film est ® F nominated for the Oscar for Best Soundtrack, composed by Duke Ellington, is a tribute to two icons in the history of film. That sense of complicity, the joy of being together, the sharing of experiences, the value of human and artistic collaboration are the beat of Rome Film Fest 2020. ome Film R oma | R 15 25 10 2020 esta del Cinema di F 20 Edizione 0 2 Edition © Everett Collection Sidney Poitier e Paul Newman sono i protagonisti dell’immagine ufficiale della quindicesima edizione della Festa del Cinema di Roma, in una foto FESTA che celebra, oltre al glamour del grande cinema, il senso di comunione e amore interrazziale.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Public Value: Renewing the BBC for a Digital World
    DP1153 BPV Frontcover.qxd 6/25/04 2:52 PM Page 1 Building public value Renewing the BBC for a digital world CONTENTS Chairman’s prologue 3 Overview and summary 5 PART I: The BBC’s purpose, role and vision 1 Why the BBC matters 25 2 Changing media in a changing society 48 3 Building public value in the future 60 4 Demonstrating public value 83 5 The breadth of BBC services 89 6 Renewing the BBC 98 7 Paying for BBC services 112 PART II: Governing the BBC 123 Conclusion 135 1 2 Chairman’s prologue The BBC does not have a monopoly on wisdom about its own future. This is a contribution to the debate over Charter renewal, not the last word. I look to a vigorous and informed public debate to produce the consensus about the future size, shape and mission of the BBC. This document is itself a consensus, arrived at after a vigorous debate inside the BBC, and represents the considered views of Governors and management. Part II – our proposals on governance – is, of course, entirely the responsibility of the Governors. At the heart of Building public value is a vision of a BBC that maintains the ideals of its founders, but a BBC renewed to deliver those ideals in a digital world. That world contains the potential for limitless individual consumer choice. But it also contains the possibility of broadcasting reduced to just another commodity, with profitability the sole measure of worth. A renewed BBC, placing the public interest before all else, will counterbalance that market-driven drift towards programme-making as a commodity.
    [Show full text]
  • Developments in British TV Docudrama Since 1990
    Docudramatizing the real: developments in British TV docudrama since 1990 Article Accepted Version Bignell, J. (2011) Docudramatizing the real: developments in British TV docudrama since 1990. Studies in Documentary Film, 4 (3). pp. 195-208. ISSN 1750-3280 doi: https://doi.org/10.1386/sdf.4.3.195_1 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/19486/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/sdf.4.3.195_1 Publisher: Intellect Publisher statement: ©Intellect 2011 All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online 1 Docudramatizing the real: Developments in British TV docudrama since 1990 Jonathan Bignell University of Reading Abstract The article discusses the reasons for the growth in television docudrama in Britain since 1990. These stimulating factors include regulatory frameworks, especially the Broadcasting Act of 1990 that affected existing television institutions by introducing increased competition and budgetary pressures. Challenges to television documentary from falling audiences, and to drama from rising costs, also led to a reconfiguration of British television schedules and the emergence of new hybrid programme genres. The pressures of this changed environment led the hybrid form of docudrama to take on some of the functions of history programmes, social affairs, political investigation and responses to key events such as the September 11, 2001attacks.
    [Show full text]
  • 57 Years Policing the UK Motorways
    57 Years Policing the UK Motorways On this page we take a look at the history of policing the UK motorway network since the opening of the Preston Bypass in 1958. There are a number of articles written by members of Police Car UK and we hope that you will find this page both informative and interesting! It is quite long, so make yourself a cup of tea and settle down to... 50th Anniversary of Policing the Motorway The Preston Bypass The M6 Experiment Motorway Memories and West Yorkshire Motorways The 50th Anniversary of Policing the Motorway In 2009 we celebrated the 50th anniversary of the opening of the first section of the M1 motorway. OK, before we start there is an argument that the first motorway was opened a year earlier in 1958 and was called the Preston by-pass. However, it wasn’t designated as a motorway (part of the M6) until several years later and so the other side of the coin will argue that the first ‘official’ motorway, the M1 was opened on 2nd November 1959. But the fact remains that from 1958/9 Britain’s motorway network expanded across the country and is now an integral part of our transport system and our everyday lives. And for obvious reasons it needs policing and so we find ourselves here in particular celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Policing the Motorway. Those Police officers who have worked on ‘the strip’ over the years will have an affinity towards it that is hard to describe. It can be an extremely dangerous place to work but it can also be an exhilarating one.
    [Show full text]
  • The BBC and Disaster Films: from Education to Entertainment Georges Fournier
    The BBC and Disaster Films: From Education to Entertainment Georges Fournier To cite this version: Georges Fournier. The BBC and Disaster Films: From Education to Entertainment. InMedia : the French Journal of Media and Media Representations in the English-Speaking World, Center for Re- search on the English-Speaking World (CREW), 2019. hal-02468020 HAL Id: hal-02468020 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02468020 Submitted on 5 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. InMedia The French Journal of Media Studies 7.2. | 2019 Documentary and Entertainment The BBC and Disaster Films: From Education to Entertainment Georges Fournier Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/inmedia/1766 ISSN: 2259-4728 Publisher Center for Research on the English-Speaking World (CREW) Printed version Date of publication: 15 December 2019 Electronic reference Georges Fournier, « The BBC and Disaster Films: From Education to Entertainment », InMedia [Online], 7.2. | 2019, Online since 02 December 2019, connection on 19 December 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/inmedia/1766 This text was automatically generated on 19 December 2019. © InMedia The BBC and Disaster Films: From Education to Entertainment 1 The BBC and Disaster Films: From Education to Entertainment Georges Fournier Introduction 1 The early years of the twenty-first century witnessed the production of TV films based on disaster scenarios, films both tragic in their denouement and anticipatory in their intentions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Road Projects in England
    The Impact of Road Projects in England The Impact of Road Projects in England Lynn Sloman, Lisa Hopkinson and Ian Taylor Transport for Quality of Life March 2017 Commissioned by: Project name: The Impact of Road Projects in England Client: Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) Date: March 2017 The preferred citation of this report is: Sloman L, Hopkinson L and Taylor I (2017) The Impact of Road Projects in England Report for CPRE Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence Acknowledgments The following people provided information and help during the course of this project, which we gratefully acknowledge: James Abbott, Michele Allen, Sarah Arnold, Andy Bennett, Kerris Casey-St Pierre, Jackie Copley, Amy Cowburn, Steve Donagain, Tony Duckworth, Robin Field, Peter Foreman, Alan Gray, Chantelle Grundy, David Harby, Tony Forward, Jeffery Kenyon, Bettina Lange, Ian Lings, No M65 Link Road Protest Group, David Penney, Martin Porter, Oliver Scott, Stuart Scott, Ralph Smyth, Jack Taylor, James Syson, Trinley Walker, Petra Ward, Paula Whitney, Louise Wootton, Hadyn Yeo. It would not have been possible to make this assessment of the impact of roads projects without the POPE evaluation process that was put in place by the Highways Agency twenty years ago. Although our assessment of the evidence has drawn some markedly different conclusions from those reached in the POPE meta-analyses, we acknowledge the value and importance of the POPE process itself. We also acknowledge and are grateful for the willingness of Highways England to assist with this research, by supplying data and information from their archives. We also thank Tony Forward for access to his archive of planning documents.
    [Show full text]
  • The Highways Agency Annual Reports and Accounts 2007-2008
    Safe roads, Reliable journeys, Informed travellers England’s strategic road network Motorways " Trunk Roads Newcastle (major A roads) upon Tyne " " . Sunderland Carlisle . " . " Middlesbrough " . . " " " . Leeds Kingston " . upon Hull . " . . Liverpool . " . . Manchester Sheffield . Nottingham . " " Norwich . " . Leicester .5PMM . Birmingham . Peterborough . " . " . " . " . Cambridge Northampton " . " " . " . " Oxford . " . " . . London . Bristol . " . " . " " . Southampton " . " . . " . Brighton " " Portsmouth Plymouth " This map is based upon Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Highways Agency 100018928 2008 5IF)JHIXBZT"HFODZ "OOVBM3FQPSUBOE"DDPVOUT Presented to Parliament pursuant to Section 7 of the Government Resources and Accounts Act 2000 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 17 July 2008 ¥$SPXO$PQZSJHIU The text in this document (excluding the Royal Arms and other departmental or agency logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the document specified. Where we have identified any third party copyright material you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. For any other use of this material please write to Office of Public Sector Information, Information Policy Team, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU or e-mail: MJDFOTJOH!PQTJHPWVL Further copies of this report are available through The Stationary Office at the price shown below. An electronic copy is available on our websiteXXXIJHIXBZTHPWVL. If you, or if you are aware of anyone else who has difficulty in reading this document, through size of type, language or terminology, please contact Mr Ian Farrand at: Highways Agency, 123 Buckingham Palace Road, London SW1W 9HA.
    [Show full text]
  • 01 Financial Risk
    DEALING WITH FINANCIAL RISK OTHER ECONOMIST BOOKS Emerging Markets Guide to Analysing Companies Guide to Business Modelling Guide to Business Planning Guide to Economic Indicators Guide to the European Union Guide to Financial Markets Guide to Management Ideas Numbers Guide Style Guide Dictionary of Business Dictionary of Economics International Dictionary of Finance Brands and Branding Business Ethics Business Strategy China’s Stockmarket E-trends Globalisation Successful Innovation Successful Mergers Wall Street Essential Director Essential Economics Essential Finance Essential Internet Essential Investment Essential Negotiation Pocket Asia Pocket Europe in Figures Pocket World in Figures DEALING WITH FINANCIAL RISK David Shirreff THE ECONOMIST IN ASSOCIATION WITH PROFILE BOOKS LTD Published by Profile Books Ltd 58A Hatton Garden, London ec1n 8lx Copyright © The Economist Newspaper Ltd 2004 Text copyright © David Shirreff 2004 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. The greatest care has been taken in compiling this book. However, no responsibility can be accepted by the publishers or compilers for the accuracy of the information presented. Where opinion is expressed it is that of the author and does
    [Show full text]
  • The BBC and Disaster Films: from Education to Entertainment
    InMedia The French Journal of Media Studies 7.2. | 2019 Documentary and Entertainment The BBC and Disaster Films: From Education to Entertainment Georges Fournier Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/inmedia/1766 DOI: 10.4000/inmedia.1766 ISSN: 2259-4728 Publisher Center for Research on the English-Speaking World (CREW) Printed version Date of publication: 15 December 2019 Electronic reference Georges Fournier, “The BBC and Disaster Films: From Education to Entertainment”, InMedia [Online], 7.2. | 2019, Online since 02 December 2019, connection on 26 January 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/inmedia/1766 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/inmedia.1766 This text was automatically generated on 26 January 2021. © InMedia The BBC and Disaster Films: From Education to Entertainment 1 The BBC and Disaster Films: From Education to Entertainment Georges Fournier Introduction 1 The early years of the twenty-first century witnessed the production of TV films based on disaster scenarios, films both tragic in their denouement and anticipatory in their intentions. Public television experimented with this formula in Daniel Percival’s Smallpox 2002: Silent Weapon, a film broadcast by BBC2 in early 2002, a few months after the September 11 attacks. This tragedy, which acted as a catalyst for all manner of fears, fostered many anticipatory programmes, among which the If ... series. As Simon Chinn1 explained 2, fiction can anticipate reality, and Smallpox 2002: Silent Weapon was commissioned before the tragedy of September 11. Yet, the latter was the climax of a wave of terrorist attacks against civilians, which has continued ever since3, and which has inspired BBC productions.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Art' 6 E [email protected] @Oldvicnewvoices
    ‘ART’ TEACHING RESOURCES DEC 2016–F E B 2 017 CONTENTS Company 3 Old Vic New Voices Education The Old Vic The Cut Creative team 4 London SE1 8NB Synopsis of 'Art' 6 E [email protected] @oldvicnewvoices Form of style 8 © The Old Vic, 2017. All information is correct at the Provocation 10 time of going to press, but may be subject to change Monologues 11 Teaching resources Written by Susanna Gould Design Matt Lane-Dixon Comedy or tragedy? 12 Rehearsal and production photography Manuel Harlan Themes 14 Old Vic New Voices Hannah Fosker Head of Education Modern art 17 & Community Sharon Kanolik Head of Education 'Art' at The Old Vic – Yasmina Reza 19 & Community (Maternity Cover) Richard Knowles Stage Business Co-ordinator 'Art' at The Old Vic – Christopher Hampton 21 Floriana Dezou Old Vic New Voices Intern 'Art' at The Old Vic – Matthew Warchus 22 Further details of this production oldvictheatre.com The rehersal process 23 Interview with Tim Key 26 The Old Vic ‘Art’ teaching resources 2 COMPANY TIM KEY DANIEL COPELAND Yvan Understudy Yvan Theatre: Tree (The Old Vic); Party (Arts Theatre). Theatre: The Hobbit (West End); Invincible (Orange Film: Alpha Papa, The Double. TV: Midmorning Matters, Tree/St James); The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Peep Show, Foreign Bodies. Radio: Tim Key’s Late Holy Mackerel! (Shanty Theatre); The Jungle Book Night Poetry Programme. Tim has also written and (West Yorkshire Playhouse); The Railway Children, performed in the sketch show Cowards for BBC TV and The Caretaker (Nottingham Playhouse); A Midsummer Radio. He won the Edinburgh Comedy Award 2009 for Night’s Dream (Theatre Royal Northampton); The BFG his weird and wonderful poetry/stand-up fusion and has (Derby Theatre); Get Carter, The Third Man (Red Shift); since published three books of his work.
    [Show full text]
  • Docudrama Performance: Realism, Recognition and Representation
    Docudrama performance: realism, recognition and representation Book or Report Section Accepted Version Bignell, J. (2010) Docudrama performance: realism, recognition and representation. In: Cornea, C. (ed.) Genre and performance: film and television. Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK, pp. 59-75. ISBN 9780719079801 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/17671/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Publisher: Manchester University Press All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online 1 Jonathan Bignell Docudrama Performance: Realism, Recognition and Representation The hybrid television form of docudrama, blending documentary and drama conventions and modes of address, poses interesting methodological problems for an analysis of performance. Its topics, mise-en-scène and performers invite a judgement in relation to the real events and situations, settings and personae represented, and also in relation to the ways the viewer has perceived them in other media representations such as news, current affairs interviews and documentary features. In other words, docudrama’s performance of the real asks the viewer to evaluate it in relation to anterior knowledge. But because of their adoption of conventions from drama, docudramas also draw on performance modes from fictional television forms and invite audiences to invest their emotions and deploy their knowledge of codes used in fictional naturalism or melodrama.
    [Show full text]
  • The Big Show: British Cinema Culture in the Great War 1914-1916
    The Big Show: British Cinema Culture in the Great War 1914-1916 By Michael Hammond Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2006. ISBN: 0-85989-758-3 (hbk). 16+ Illustrations + 288pp. £45.00 (hbk) A review by Brenda McDermott, York University, Canada Hammond's approach to film during the First World War marks a departure from the approach taken by current literature about early cinema history. Hammond examines the experience of film-going in the context of the war, and its resulting social changes, rather than documenting the history of its production or censorship. Southampton, not London, becomes the focus of his study of the reception and exhibition of film during the war, moving away from the assumption that major cities are a stand-in for a nation. Hammond deconstructs Sothhampton's cinema culture during the war to understand the role the social condition of the war played in the cultural acceptance of cinema as a legitimate and important source of entertainment. Rather than addressing a single genre or style of film, Hammond addresses a variety of films, mirroring the programs of theatres in Southampton, while using the progression of war as his master theme. Hammond's discussion begins with films that educated the public about the war, topical films, particularly The Battle of the Somme (1916). Epic or super-films, as Hammond describes them, are examined to discuss the manner in which American films had a different reception in Britain, as a result of social conditions and exhibition practice. He concludes with an examination of the social acceptance of comedy, particularly that of Chaplin.
    [Show full text]