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Tithonian-Berriasian Ammonites from the Baсos Del Flaco Formation

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Tithonian-Berriasian Ammonites from the Baсos Del Flaco Formation See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275959067 Tithonian–Berriasian ammonites from the Baños del Flaco Formation, central Chile Article in Journal of Systematic Palaeontology · April 2015 DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2015.1027310 CITATIONS READS 20 1,781 2 authors: Christian Salazar Wolfgang Stinnesbeck Universidad Mayor Universität Heidelberg 50 PUBLICATIONS 334 CITATIONS 327 PUBLICATIONS 5,556 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: FOSILES DE VERTEBRADOS DEL MESOZOICO DE MEXICO View project Hells Bells - Underwater speleothems View project All content following this page was uploaded by Wolfgang Stinnesbeck on 09 May 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2015 Vol. 0, No. 0, 1À34, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2015.1027310 TithonianÀBerriasian ammonites from the Banos~ del Flaco Formation, central Chile Christian Salazara* and Wolfgang Stinnesbeckb aArea Paleontologıa, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Casilla 787, Santiago, Chile; bInstitut fur€ Geowissenschaften, Universitat€ Heidelberg, INF 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (Received 4 March 2014; accepted 20 January 2015) The Banos~ del Flaco Formation in central Chile contains abundant and well-preserved Tithonian (Late Jurassic) and scarce Berriasian (Early Cretaceous) ammonites. At Rio Maitenes in Curico Province an assemblage referred to 10 genera and 12 species is here described. Windhauseniceras internispinosum, Corongoceras alternans and Substeueroceras koeneni were mentioned previously, but not described and discussed. Aulacosphinctes proximus, Micracanthoceras spinulosum and Corongoceras evolutum are new records for the Banos~ del Flaco Formation. Pseudolissoceras cf. zitteli, Lithacoceras malarguense, Choicensisphinctes windhauseni, Catutosphinctes cf. americanensis, Virgatosphinctes scythicus and Micracanthoceras microcanthum are documented in Chile for the first time. Micracanthoceras spinulosum shows strong ontogenetic changes. Virgatosphinctes scythicus is a morphologically variable species and is synonymous with the South American species Virgatosphinctes andesensis, V. mendozanus, V. mexicanus and V. lenaensis~ . Windhauseniceras internispinosum is relatively abundant at Rio Maitenes but rare elsewhere; its morphology varies considerably during ontogeny. Virgatosphinctes aff. pseudolictor and V. cf. raja, both recorded from Argentina, and V. guadalupensis, are synonymous with L. malarguense; V. tenuilineatus is synonymous with C. windhauseni and Aulacosphinctes chilensis with A. proximus. Micracanthoceras lamberti and M. tapiai are junior synonymies of M. microcanthum. Windhauseniceras internispinosum and Corongoceras alternans are Tithonian index fossils for Chile and Argentina, whereas Virgatosphinctes scythicus and Micracanthoceras microcanthum are Tithonian index fossils for the Russian platform and Tethys, respectively. Their co-occurrence at Rıo Maitenes confirms that most of the Banos~ del Flaco Formation is Tithonian (Upper Jurassic). However, the presence of Substeueroceras koeneni demonstrates that the uppermost strata of the Banos~ del Flaco Formation should be referred to the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian). Keywords: Andes; Jurassic; Cretaceous; ammonites; biostratigraphy; palaeobiogeography Introduction company. This section was described in detail and the fos- sils were collected bed-by-bed in 1964 by Mr Lajos Biro In central Chile, Upper Jurassic rocks are exposed in a whose field notebook was available to us and who allowed northÀsouth belt in the High Andes, extending from San- the section to be reconstructed. Except for the echino- tiago in the north, to Curico in the south (Fig. 1). The derms (Larrain & Biro 1985), the fossil material is unde- Tithonian sedimentary rocks are known as the San Jose, scribed and/or unpublished. Lo Valdes and Banos~ del Flaco formations (e.g. Corvalan 1956; Klohn 1960; Gonzalez 1963; Biro 1964; Covace- vich et al. 1976). The Banos~ del Flaco Formation is well developed in the Banos~ del Flaco area, which is located in Previous work the valley of the Rıo Tinguiririca, Colchagua Province, and along the Rıo Maitenes, tributary of the Rıo Teno, The Banos~ del Flaco Formation was defined by Klohn Curico Province (Fig. 1). These sections are named Rio (1960). It is composed of marine fossil-bearing grey lime- Maitenes and Banos~ del Flaco (respectively RM and BF stone, sandy limestone, calcareous sandstone, and minor in Fig. 1). Fossils are rare at Banos~ del Flaco, but more conglomerate, glauconitic sandstone and siltstone. Klohn abundant at Rio Maitenes. It is from this latter section that (1960) and Covacevich et al. (1976) focused on the lithof- the ammonites described and discussed here were col- acies within the lower part of the formation and recorded lected. The Rıo Maitenes section is an open pit, called the fossil content. Additional lithological aspects were ‘Minera el Fierro’ that belongs to the ‘Cementos Bio Bio’ treated in unpublished reports by Chilean cement mining *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Ó The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London 2015. All Rights Reserved. 2 C. Salazar and W. Stinnesbeck Figure 1. Map of Chile showing the location of outcrops of the Banos~ del Flaco Formation. Abbreviations: BF, Banos~ del Flaco type locality; RM, Rio Maitenes section. companies and in university theses (e.g. Arcos 1987; and Moreno & Benton (2005) reported on the occurrence Zapata 1995). of sauropods from the south side of the Tinguiririca River. Fossils from the area were first published by Domeyko The aim of this paper is to describe systematically the (1862), who considered the sediments as Lower Jurassic. ammonites collected from the area and to correlate the Philippi (1899) described several fossil taxa from the Tin- fauna to other regions. guiririca area in the high Andes, interpreting the fossil- bearing unit to range from Lower Jurassic to Lower Creta- ceous. Klohn (1960) collected fossils along the south side of the Tinguiririca River and at Rio Maitenes (RM). The Geological setting and localities assemblage he collected was described by Corvalan (1956) who referred the Banos~ del Flaco Formation to the Upper Jurassic sediments are widespread in the Tinguirir- TithonianÀHauterivian (i.e. from the uppermost Jurassic ica River and along the Maitenes River. The oldest unit to the Lower Cretaceous). Based on ammonite assemb- known from the area is the Nacientes del Teno Formation lages, Covacevich et al.(1976) restricted the lower part of (?Bajocian, Bathonian to Oxfordian; Klohn 1960), which the formation to the Tithonian, while Hallam et al. (1986) consists of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, limestone, considered the Rio Maitenes section to extend from the marl, gypsum and pyroclastic rocks. The Nacientes del lower middle Tithonian into the Berriasian. Rio Teno Formation is overlain conformably by the Rio These articles do not include detailed taxonomic Damas Formation (Kimmeridgian), which is a unit com- descriptions or illustrations of the fossils. So far, only Lar- posed of continental, siliciclastic sediments and andesite rain & Biro (1985) figured some echinoderms, including (Klohn 1960). The Banos~ del Flaco Formation conform- the species Pygurus (P.) andinus. Moreno & Pino (2002) ably overlies the Rio Damas Formation and represents an TithonianÀBerriasian ammonites from Chile 3 open marine phase in the Tithonian, possibly extending Suture lines are not observable. The material described across the JurassicÀCretaceous boundary. and discussed here consists of specimens collected in the The contact between Banos~ del Flaco Formation and 1960s by the late Lajos Biro from the Banos~ del Flaco the overlying lithological unit is disconformable and litho- Formation at Rio Maitenes (RM in Fig. 1). logically variable. In some localities it is marked by a len- Figured ammonites were coated with magnesium oxide ticular unit of white tuff, while in other areas by a brown prior to photography, except where otherwise indicated. to red siliciclastic unit. Klohn (1960) interpreted this unit They were analysed at the Institut fur€ Geowissenschaften, as the lower continental member of the Coya Machalı For- Universit€at Heidelberg, Germany, with the authorization mation. Upsection, Upper Cretaceous volcanic rocks and of the Chilean Monumentos Nacionales council, and are intercalated limestone were also assigned to the Coya currently deposited at the Departamento Ciencias de la Machalı Formation (Klohn 1960; Zapatta 1995). Tierra, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile. At Rio Maitenes (Fig. 1), strata of the Banos~ del Flaco Systematic nomenclature follows the Treatise on Inver- Formation strike 12 NE and dip 45À50W, conformably tebrate Palaeontology (Arkell et al. 1957; Wright et al. overlying Kimmeridgian siliciclastic sediments and volca- 1996) to the genus level, and Fossilium catalogus I: Ani- nic rocks of the Rio Damas Formation. The Banos~ del malia, Lower Cretaceous Ammonites I (Klein 2005). For Flaco Formation is 536 m thick and is here subdivided Lithacoceras and Choicensisphinctes, the interpretations into two informal members, lower and upper, based on of Parent (2011a) are followed; for Catutosphinctes the lithological characteristics. recommendations given by Leanza & Zeiss (1992) are The lower member is 325 m thick (Fig. 2). The lower- followed. most 50 m
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