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The Inheritance and Transformation of Traditional Huizhou Elements Into New Forms： The Inheritance and Transformation of Traditional Huizhou Elements into New Forms： Re-designing Lu Village Naibin Jiang May 2014 Submitted towards the fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Architecture Degree. School of Architecture University of Hawai‘i Doctorate Project Committee Marja Sarvimaeki , Chairperson Xingwu Li Ching-Heui Kuo Catalogue Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 6 Section1: Cultural Background ...................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Project Background: Globalization and Localization ...................................... 8 1.1.1 The Wave of Globalization ................................................................... 8 1.1.2 The Awareness of Localization ............................................................. 9 1.2 Project Argument: Tradition vs Modernity .................................................... 10 1.2.1 Contradiction between Tradition and Modernity ................................ 10 1.2.2 Coexistence of Tradition and Modernity ............................................ 11 1.3 Project Goals: Cultural Connotations ............................................................ 15 1.3.1 Tangible and Intangible Culture .......................................................... 15 1.3.2 The Inheritance of Cultural Connotation ............................................ 17 1.3.3 Strategies for Identity Creation ........................................................... 18 1.3.4 Research Context ................................................................................ 20 1.4 Research Methodology .................................................................................. 22 1.4.1 Existing Knowledge ............................................................................ 22 1.4.2 Research Structure .............................................................................. 24 Chapter 2 Context of Huizhou ..................................................................................... 26 2.1 Research Scope .............................................................................................. 27 2.1.1 Huizhou Culture .................................................................................. 28 2.1.2 Intangible Culture of Huizhou ............................................................ 29 2.1.3 Tangible Culture of Huizhou ............................................................... 34 Chapter 3 Residences and Ancestral Halls in Huizhou ................................................ 37 3.1 Patriarchal Clan System and Ethics ............................................................... 38 3.1.1 Ancestral Halls .................................................................................... 39 3.1.2 Residences ........................................................................................... 41 3.2 The Influence of Residences on Ancestral Halls ........................................... 43 1 3.2.1 The Spatial Layout .............................................................................. 43 3.2.2 The Spatial Order ................................................................................ 46 3.3 The Influence of Ancestral Halls on Residences ........................................... 47 3.3.1 The Order of the Ancestral Halls ........................................................ 47 3.3.2 The Order of the Society ..................................................................... 48 3.3.3 The Order of the Village ..................................................................... 50 3.4 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 51 Chapter 4 Patriarchal Ethics in the Space and Order of Worship ................................ 53 4.1 Rituals in Ancestral Halls ............................................................................... 54 4.1.1 Sacrificial Ceremony .......................................................................... 54 4.1.2 Function of Sacrifice ........................................................................... 55 4.2 Rituals and Spaces ......................................................................................... 56 4.2.1 Space of Psychological Axis ............................................................... 56 4.2.2 Order of Behavioral Space .................................................................. 57 4.3 The Status of Behavioral Routes and Space .................................................. 58 4.3.1 The Principle for Seniors and Juniors ................................................. 58 4.3.2 The principle for Superiors and Inferiors ............................................ 60 4.3.3 The Principle for Men and Women ..................................................... 61 4.3.4 The Principle for Punishment ............................................................. 63 4.4 Etiquette and Space ........................................................................................ 66 4.4.1 Bay: the Etiquette of Spatial Dimensions ........................................... 66 4.4.2 Qindian(寝殿): the Etiquette of Spatial Ethics ................................... 67 4.4.3 Stage: Etiquette of Ethical Education ................................................. 68 4.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 70 Chapter 5 Patriarchal Ethics in Huizhou Residences ................................................... 71 5.1 Daily Etiquette ............................................................................................... 72 5.1.1 Various Household Etiquettes ............................................................. 72 5.1.2 Functions of Daily Etiquette ............................................................... 73 5.2 Ritual Psychology and Behavioral Space ...................................................... 73 5.2.1 Space of Psychological Axis ............................................................... 73 2 5.2.2 The Order of Behavioral Space ........................................................... 74 5.3 The Spatial Status of Behavioral Routes and Order ...................................... 76 5.3.1 The Principle for Seniors and Juniors ................................................. 76 5.3.2 The Principle for Superiors and Inferiors ........................................... 77 5.3.3 The Principle for Men and Women ..................................................... 78 5.3.4 The Principle for the Host and Guests ................................................ 80 5.4 Etiquette and Space ........................................................................................ 82 5.4.1 Bay: the Etiquette of Spatial Dimensions ........................................... 82 5.4.2 Zhao Mu System: the Etiquette of Spatial Layout .............................. 83 5.4.3 Courtyard: Etiquette of Spatial Organization ..................................... 85 5.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 88 Chapter 6 Comparisons of Daily Life and Worship Rituals ........................................ 89 6.1 Starting and Transitional Space: the Prelude ................................................. 91 6.1.1 Starting: the Emergence of Ethics ....................................................... 91 6.1.2 Transitional Routes: Relatively Equality ............................................ 93 6.2 Divergence and Convergence Space .............................................................. 96 6.2.1 Divergence: Door and Hall System .................................................... 96 6.2.2 Convergence: Central Space ............................................................... 97 6.2.3 The Divergence and Convergence Routes: Separation and Deviation 98 6.2.4 The Second Divergence and Convergence Routes: Separation of Men and Women ................................................................................................ 100 6.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 106 Chapter 7 Inheritance of Huizhou Traditional Elements ........................................... 107 7.1 Elements on Village Level ........................................................................... 108 7.1.1 Village Layout: Oneness of Nature and Human ............................... 108 7.1.2 Village Morphology: Spirit of Place ................................................. 110 7.1.3 Village center: Ancestral Hall ........................................................... 114 7.2 Elements on Building Level ......................................................................... 116 7.2.1 Typical Spatial Archetype: Sanheyuan ............................................. 116 7.2.2 Central Space: Courtyard .................................................................. 119 3 7.2.3 Spatial Organization: Continuity ...................................................... 121 7.3 Elements on Detail Level ............................................................................. 123 7.3.1 Matou Wall .......................................................................................
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