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Census and Ear-Notching of Black Rhinos (Diceros Bicornis Michaeli) in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya

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Census and Ear-Notching of Black Rhinos (Diceros Bicornis Michaeli) in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya January–June 2011 Number 49 ISSN 1026 2881 Journal of the African Elephant, African Rhino and Asian Rhino Specialist Groups January–June 2011 No. 49 1 Chair reports/Rapports des Présidents 1 African Elephant Specialist Group report/Rapport du S p e c i e s Groupe Spécialiste des Eléphants d’Afrique S u r v i v a l Holly T. Dublin C o m m i s s i o n Editor 6 African Rhino Specialist Group report/Rapport du Bridget McGraw Groupe Spécialiste des Rhinos d’Afrique Section Editors Deborah Gibson—African elephants Mike Knight Kees Rookmaaker—African and Asian rhinos Editorial Board 16 Asian Rhino Specialist Group report/Rapport du Julian Blanc Groupe Spécialiste du Rhinocéros d’Asie Holly T. Dublin Richard Emslie Bibhab Kumar Talukdar Mike Knight Esmond Martin Robert Olivier 20 Research Diane Skinner 20 Matriarchal associations and reproduction in a Bibhab K. Talukdar remnant subpopulation of desert-dwelling elephants Lucy Vigne in Namibia Design and layout Keith E.A. Leggett, Laura MacAlister Brown and Aksent Ltd Rob Roy Ramey II Address all correspondence, including enquiries about subscription, to: 33 Invasive species in grassland habitat: an ecological The Editor, Pachyderm threat to the greater one-horned rhino (Rhinoceros PO Box 68200–00200 unicornis) Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 249 3561/65 Bibhuti P. Lahkar, Bibhab Kumar Talukdar and Cell:+254 724 256 804/734 768 770 email: [email protected] Pranjit Sarma website: http://pachydermjournal.org Reproduction of this publicaton for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright Cover: Elephants in Chobe National Park, Botswana. holder. Photo: M.W. Atkinson Journal of the African Elephant, African Rhino and January–June 2011 No. 49 Asian Rhino Specialist Groups 40 The relic population of forest elephants near Lake Tumba, Democratic Republic of Congo: abundance, dung lifespan, food items and movements Bila-Isia Inogwabini, Longwango Mbende and Abokome Mbenzo 48 Biophysical and human factors determine the distribution of poached elephants in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya Daniel Muteti Kyale, Shadrack Ngene and John Maingi 61 Census and ear-notching of black rhinos (Diceros bicornis michaeli) in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya Shadrack Ngene, Elephus Bitok, Joseph Mukeka, Francis Gakuya, Patrick Omondi, Kennedy Kimitei, Yusuf Watol, Linus Kariuki and Benson Ouma Okita 70 Elephant corridor use and threats in the eastern range of Amboseli elephants, Kenya John M. Kioko and Simon Ole Seno 79 Consumption of elephant and mammoth ivory increases in southern China Lucy Vigne and Esmond Martin 90 Notes 90 Estimating the population structure of Javan rhinos (Rhinoceros sondaicus) in Ujung Kulon National Park using the mark-recapture method based on video and camera trap identification Adhi Rachmat Sudrajat Hariyadi, Agus Priambudi, Ridwan Setiawan, Daryan Daryan, Asep Yayus and Hendra Purnama Views expressed in Pachyderm are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, the Species Survival Commission or any of the three Specialist Groups responsible for producing Pachyderm (the African Elephant Specialist Group, the African Rhino Specialist Group anD the Asian Rhino Specialist Group). Journal of the African Elephant, African Rhino and January–June 2011 No. 49 Asian Rhino Specialist Groups 100 Obituary Nandjui Awo Richard Barnes 101 MIKE–ETIS updates 101 Update on the implementation of the MIKE programme in Africa / Mise à jour sur la mise en oeuvre du Programme de MIKE en Afrique Tom De Meulenaer 109 ETIS update number five: Progress in the implementation of the Elephant Trade Information System (ETIS) / Mise à jour d’ETIS numéro cinq: Progrès dans la mise en oeuvre du Système d’Information sur le Trafic d’Eléphant (ETIS) Tom Milliken and Louisa Sangalakula 113 Guidelines for contributors Acknowledgements The production of this issue of Pachyderm was only possible through contributions from a number of organizations and individuals. In particular, we would like to thank the following: CHAIR REPORTS RAPPORTS DES PRESIDENTS African Elephant Specialist Group report Rapport du Groupe de Spécialiste de l’Eléphant d’Afrique Holly T. Dublin, Chair/Président IUCN/SSC African Elephant Specialist Group, PO Box 68200–00200, Nairobi, Kenya; e-mail: [email protected] In this, the 49th issue of Pachyderm, we bid Dans ce 49ème numéro de Pachyderme, nous disons au farewell to Dr Martin Brooks, who has stepped revoir au Dr Martin Brooks, qui a quitté ses fonctions down as Chair of the African Rhino Specialist de Président du Groupe de Spécialistes des Rhinocéros Group. I personally want to recognize Martin d’Afrique. Au nom de la CSE et des rhinocéros d’Afrique for his longstanding service on behalf of the SSC je tiens personnellement à reconnaître Martin pour son and African rhinos. I have worked with Martin service de longue date. J’ai travaillé avec Martin pendant for many years and in different capacities. As the de nombreuses années et dans différentes capacités. On se Chair of the AfRSG, Martin’s steady and objective souviendra toujours de son style de leadership régulier et style of leadership and his ability to secure sup- objectif en tant que président du GSRAf et de sa capacité à port, especially for regular and highly-productive obtenir du soutien, surtout pour des rencontres régulières gatherings of the African rhino conservation com- et très fructueuses de la communauté de conservation des munity, will always be remembered. rhinocéros en Afrique. It has been a busy six months, with a lot of Cela a été six mois chargés, avec beaucoup de time spent on fundraising, providing support to temps consacré à la collecte de fonds, à l’appui au the CITES–MIKE programme as it moves into a programme CITES-MIKE qui entre dans une phase de transition phase, making progress on updating the transition, à la mise à jour de la Base de Données sur African and Asian Elephant Database (AAED) l’Eléphant d’Afrique et d’Asie (BDEAA) et la poursuite and moving forward with the Ivory Flows Initiative. We continue to have real concern about réellement préoccupés par l’abattage illicite des éléphants the illegal killing of elephants in Central Africa, en Afrique centrale, étant donné les récents rapports with recent disturbing reports from Salonga and troublants en provenance de Salonga et Dzanga Sangha, et Dzanga Sangha, and even recently in Samburu and Laikipia in East Africa. I hope that the communauté de la conservation pourra s’unir pour veiller conservation community can draw together to à ce que ces informations soient diffusées aux autorités compétentes pour que des mesures soient prises pour y authorities to ensure that action can be taken to remédier si possible. halt this, where possible. Pachyderme Pachyderm Le Dr Simon Stuart, Président de la Commission de la Dr Simon Stuart, Chair of the IUCN Species Survie des Espèces de l’UICN, a nommé le Dr Mike Survival Commission, has appointed Dr Mike Knight pour reprendre le travail de Président du Groupe Pachyderm No. 49 January–June 2011 1 Dublin Knight to take on the job of chairing the African de Spécialistes des Rhinocéros d’Afrique. Nous nous Rhino Specialist Group. We welcome Mike to the félicitons de la venue de Mike au comité de rédaction, Editorial Board, and thank Martin for his many et nous remercions Martin pour ses nombreuses années years of service to Pachyderm. de service au Pachyderme. As we prepare for the next issue of Pachyderm, La préparation du prochain numéro de Pachyderme, which will be the 50th, there is certainly a great qui sera le 50ème souvent nous avons failli échouer dans nos efforts de voir we have had in trying to ensure that Pachyderm que Pachyderme continue, cela fait beaucoup de numéros goes on, that is a lot of issues and an amazing et une histoire étonnante pour une publication produite history for a publication produced from a group par un groupe d’experts bénévoles ; voilà quelque chose of voluntary experts and something remarkable of which we can all be proud. La Base de Données sur l’Eléphant The African and Asian Elephant d’Afrique et d’Asie Database Nous avons maintenant près de 70 rapports d’étude, re- We now have nearly 70 survey reports, collected cueillis depuis 2007, et nous travaillons à les mettre dans since 2007, and we are working on getting these la BDEAA. Comme toujours, beaucoup de personnes into the AAED. As always, there is a demand veulent comprendre les tendances temporelles. Alors que from many quarters for understanding trends nous sommes en mesure d’en fournir pour certains sites over time; while we are able to provide these for some sites in East and southern Africa, it is more régions d’Afrique de l’Ouest et centrale historiquement challenging in the historically data-poor regions pauvres en données. Cependant, nous espérons faire des of West and Central Africa. However, we hope exercices de modélisation pour combler ces lacunes, en utilisant l’expertise des collègues qui ont offert leur aide. these gaps, utilizing the expertise of a number of colleagues who have offered help. It could be an exciting next step for the AAED but progress Depuis le temps que nous n’avons pas été en mesure remains funding dependent. In the years since we have been unable to d’Afrique, l’on constate de plus en plus la nécessité de collecter les données et les compiler comme nous l’avons there is an increasing validation of the need fait pendant de nombreuses années à travers la Base to collect and collate data as we have done de Données sur l’Eléphant d’Afrique et la publication for many years through the African Elephant des rapports de situation de l’Eléphant d’Afrique.
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