Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Brain Disorder and Rock Art
Brain Disorder and Rock Art Brain Disorder and Rock Art Robert G. Bednarik Prompted by numerous endeavours to link a variety of brain illnesses/conditions with the introduction of palaeoart, especially rock art, the author reviews these proposals in the light of the causes of these psychiatric conditions. Several of these proposals are linked to the assumption that palaeoart was introduced through shamanism. It is demonstrated that there is no simplistic link between shamanism and brain disorders, although it is possible that some of the relevant susceptibility alleles might be involved in some shamanic experiences. Similarly, no connection between rock art and shamanism has been credibly demonstrated. Moreover, the time frame applied in all these hypotheses is fallacious for several reasons. These notions are all based on the belief that palaeoart was introduced by ‘anatomically modern humans’ and on the replacement hypothesis. Finally, the assumption that neuropathologies and shamanism preceded the advent of palaeoart is also suspect. These numerous speculations derive from neglect of the relevant empirical factors, be they archaeological or neurological. This article owes a great deal to a recent paper by review the epistemological issues that lead to the for- Bullen (2011), critiquing the attribution of rock art mulation of such opinions by rock-art commentators. to bipolar disorder, and the subsequent elaboration Having elsewhere dealt in some detail with the by Helvenston (2012a) and Bullen’s (2012) response first of Whitley’s crucial propositions, that shamans (see below for details). This author is in agreement introduced palaeoart, the author will examine the with most of the points made in that discussion, so topic of the origins of what is simplistically termed this is not to present counterpoints or to canvas any ‘artistic production’ — ‘palaeoart’ would be a better substantive disagreements, but to follow Helvenston’s word for the phenomenon in question because it is example and expand the scope of the discussion. -
The TEACCH Program in the Era of Evidence-Based Practice
J Autism Dev Disord DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0901-6 ORIGINAL PAPER The TEACCH Program in the Era of Evidence-Based Practice Gary B. Mesibov • Victoria Shea Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 Abstract ‘Evidence-based practice’ as initially defined in children with autism (e.g., Rogers 1998; Rogers and Vis- medicine and adult psychotherapy had limited applicability mara 2008). to autism interventions, but recent elaborations of the The initial definitions for EST in psychology were quite concept by the American Psychological Association (Am rigid (e.g., requiring evidence from at least two group Psychol 61: 271–285, 2006) and Kazdin (Am Psychol studies using randomized controlled trials or nine single- 63(1):146–159, 2008) have increased its relevance to our case studies, using a treatment manual, and employing a field. This article discusses the TEACCH program (of research design that demonstrated that the intervention which the first author is director) as an example of an being studied was better than another treatment [not just evidence-based practice in light of recent formulations of ‘no treatment’ or a ‘waiting list control group’]). These that concept. criteria, designed to evaluate adult psychotherapy, were not a particularly good fit for evaluating autism interventions Keywords TEACCH Á Evidence-based because of the relatively limited research base and the extremely heterogeneous population of people with autism, among other factors (Mesibov and Shea 2009) (The term Brief History of Evidence-Based Practice autism will be used from this point forward to mean all autism spectrum disorders.). The concept of evidence-based interventions began in the Actually, many psychologists chafed under the early field of medicine in the 1970’s and in recent years has been EST criteria, leading the American Psychological Associ- employed in many other disciplines. -
AVAILABLE from DOCUMENT RESUME Massachusetts
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 455 646 EC 308 534 TITLE Exploring the Options for Young Children with Autism. INSTITUTION Massachusetts State Dept. of Education, Quincy. PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 65p. AVAILABLE FROM Massachusetts Department of Education, 350 Main St., Malden, MA 02148-5023. Tel: 781-338-3625; e-mail: [email protected]; Web Site: http://www.doe.mass.edu. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Art Activities; *Autism; Cognitive Development; *Curriculum; *Developmentally Appropriate Practices; Early Childhood Education; *Educational Strategies; *Inclusive Schools; Language Acquisition; Motor Development; Scheduling; *Symptoms (Individual Disorders); Teacher Role; Young Children ABSTRACT This report discusses the identification and treatment of young children with autism. It is divided into four components that include a summary of areas that should be addressed when designing programs and services for young children with autism. The first part describes characteristics of autism, differences between autism-related disorders, and early intervention and preschool for children with autism. The benefits of inclusive programs for children with autism are listed, along with factors that must be present for successful social and educational integration of children with autism. Key considerations that should be addressed by the assessment process are provided and the organization of the classroom environment is highlighted. Part 2 of the report discusses using the early childhood curriculum for children with autism that considers age appropriateness and individual appropriateness. Suggestions for assisting children with autism in enhancing their social skills are offered, along with recommendations for promoting language and communication development, encouraging cognitive development, and providing aesthetic and physical activities. -
Measuring the Effectiveness of Play As an Intervention to Support
Measuring the Effectiveness of Play as an Intervention to Support Language Development in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Hierarchically- Modeled Meta-Analysis by Gregory V. Boerio Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education in the Educational Leadership Program Youngstown State University May, 2021 Measuring the Effectiveness of Play as an Intervention to Support Language Development in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Hierarchically- Modeled Meta-Analysis Gregory V. Boerio I hereby release this dissertation to the public. I understand that this dissertation will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: _______________________________________________________________ Gregory V. Boerio, Student Date Approvals: _______________________________________________________________ Dr. Karen H. Larwin, Dissertation Chair Date _______________________________________________________________ Dr. Patrick T. Spearman, Committee Member Date _______________________________________________________________ Dr. Carrie R. Jackson, Committee Member Date _______________________________________________________________ Dr. Matthew J. Erickson, Committee Member Date _______________________________________________________________ Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Dean of Graduate Studies Date ii © G. Boerio 2021 iii Abstract The purpose of the current investigation is to analyze extant research examining the impact of play therapy on the development of language skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As rates of ASD diagnoses continue to increase, families and educators are faced with making critical decisions regarding the selection and implementation of evidence-based practices or therapies, including play-based interventions, to support the developing child as early as 18 months of age. -
Fil-B /Advisory Committee Co
Reading Comprehension Strategies In Children With High- Functioning Autism: A Social Constructivist Perspective Item Type Thesis Authors Cotter, June Ann Download date 26/09/2021 17:04:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/9075 READING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES IN CHILDREN WITH HIGH FUNCTIONING AUTISM: A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVIST PERSPECTIVE By June Ann Cotter RECOMMENDED: £> P \ - I V v^jQ JL-V% lh -i> Advisory Committee Chair a . fil-b /Advisory Committee Co Chair, Department of Communication APPROVED: Dean, College of Liberal Arts / r Dean of the Graduate School Date READING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES IN CHILDREN WITH HIGH- FUNCTIONING AUTISM: A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVIST PERSPECTIVE A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By June Ann Cotter, MSEd. Fairbanks, Alaska May 2011 © 2011 June Ann Cotter UMI Number: 3463936 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation Publishing UMI 3463936 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. uestA ® ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract Individuals with autism see the world, by definition of the diagnosis, in a very different way than the typical student. -
John Hersey's Awareness of One's Environment "Characters," Carol and Willie
New 'York Times Book Re'view 4/3/94 Forward From Nowhere An autistic woman resumes her tale of trying to rna,ke sense oflife. Iiams, too, participated in con terns of behavior are not inher feelings as humans do - and nected to one another ._..- a desire iOMEBODY versations by replaying scripts ent but are learned by watching that humans have feelings in a Ms. Williams did not have Just SOMEWHERE she had heard. But, as she ex others. way that objects don't. She the opposite, she writes. "I was plains, non-autistic people use When "Somebody Somewhere" stands paralyzed before a tiny allergic to words like 'we,' 'us' or 9reaking Free From the World these bits to reflect real feelings, opens, Ms. Williams is 25 years closet because she cannot bear 'together· - words depicting )fAutlsm. genuine emotions ..... at least 'in old and liVing in London. She has what she uwould have to inflict closeness" because "closeness By Donna Williams. principle. To the autistic who is given up her characters but not upon" her clothes by squeezing made earthquakes go off inside ~38 pp. New York: unaware of real feelings (for yet learned how to function in the them in. She apologizes to them of me and compelled me to run," rimes Books/ whom, in fact, emotions feel like world without them: HWillie was as she hangs them up. Realizing pnly at the end, in a special Random House. $23. death), the memorized bits are n't there to help me understand, that objects are not aware of her friendship (which she calls a all there is. -
LEO KANNER (1894-1981) PAPERS to Many As "Kanner's Syndrome")
Kanner Papers (1 of 3) student, Kanner taught himself pediatric psychiatry--and went on to teach generations of students what he learned. He published the first American textbook to bear the title "Child Psychiatry." In separate prefaces to the first edition, Adolf Meyer wrote, "it will serve as a safe starting point and an incentive to proceed from what is well tried to the ever new ground to be conquered" and Edwards Parks added, "the book is full of wisdom and common sense, no other book is quite like it. It brings to the pediatrician much needed aid." Dr. Kanner is best known for his delineation in 1943 of the syndrome he described as "autistic disturbances of affective contact" but later designated as early infantile autism (and known LEO KANNER (1894-1981) PAPERS to many as "Kanner's syndrome"). Less well known but deserving of as much remembrance is Leo Kanner's concern for mentally ARCHIVES FINDING AID [Processed by W. E. Baxter, 12 November, 1985.] retarded children at a time when most psychiatrists excluded them from the purview of their clinics. Presentation of a paper on this subject resulted in a double row of inch-high headlines across the BIOGRAPHY Baltimore Sun on April 8, 1938, and led to community action to end a foul practice generated by the collusion of attorneys and Leo Kanner was born on June 13, 1894, in Klekotow, Austria. judges over the valiant opposition of the superintendent of the The young Kanner proved to be an extraordinary student and began Training School. The practice had been to obtain the release of to write poetry when he was only ten. -
Autism Spectrum Disorders Resources for Teachers and Parents
Autism Spectrum Disorders Resources for Teachers and Parents The goal of the Autism Spectrum Disorders Strategic Plan is to ensure development and provision of quality special education programs and a full array of educational services for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. One of the key components of the ASD Strategic Plan is to enhance educational programs for students with ASD through development of a comprehensive curriculum that employs “best practices” and meets the unique needs of this student population. This document was created to provide teachers, parents, and community resource providers with access to instructional strategies. Listed below are suggested resources which can be used with students with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Social Stories: Carol Gray created social stories. This is a “must see” website. http://www.thegraycenter.org/ A collection of social stories are provided that can be adapted for your student/child. http://www.polyxo.com/socialstories/ An explanation of social stories is provided on this website. http://www.autism.org/stories.html A description of social stories, comic book conversations and thinking stories is given. http://www.autism.org/stories.html A collection of social stories already created for you to use. http://www.frsd.k12.nj.us/autistic/Social%20Stories/social_stories.htm This link lists the top ten tips for writing a social story and other helpful ideas. http://www.frsd.k12.nj.us/autistic/Parent%20Training/social_stories%20notes.htm Visual Schedules: A definition and sample visual schedules are shown on this website. http://www.cesa7.k12.wi.us/sped/autism/structure/str11.htm The “how to” of organizing a visual schedule is described here. -
FORGOTTEN: Ontario Adults with Autism and Adults with Aspergers.”
FORGOTTEN Ontario Adults with Autism and Adults with Aspergers PUBLISHED BY AUTISM ONTARIO, 2008 Autism Ontario has been the voice of people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and their families since 1973, working to ensure that each individual with ASD is provided the means to achieve quality of life as a respected member of society. With thousands of members and supporters across the province, Autism Ontario is the largest collective voice for families whose teen and adult children struggle to receive necessary clinical and support services to meet their unique needs. PHOTOS Our thanks to our cover and report photo participants! Eric Beedham, Pam Newman Button, Tony Hill, Andrew Kyneston, Dwayne McLaughlin, Nadine McLaughlin, Marsha Serkin, Beth Waleski, Gary Waleski, and Jordan Weinroth. COPYRIGHT This document is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission, except for those copyrighted materials noted for which further reproduction is prohibited without the specific permission of copyright holders. Autism Ontario will appreciate citation as to source. The suggested format for citation is: “Autism Ontario (2008). FORGOTTEN: Ontario Adults with Autism and Adults with Aspergers.” This report can be downloaded from www.autismontario.com Autism Ontario 1179A King Street West Toronto, ON M6K 3C5 416-246-9592 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 COMMENTARY FROM DR. SUSAN BRYSON 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATIONS 6 REPORT 10 What are Autism Spectrum Disorders? 10 Everyday Barriers 11 Impact of Increased -
The Paradox of Giftedness and Autism Packet of Information for Professionals (PIP) – Revised (2008)
The Connie Belin & Jacqueline N. Blank International Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development The University of Iowa College of Education The Paradox of Giftedness and Autism Packet of Information for Professionals (PIP) – Revised (2008) Susan G. Assouline Megan Foley Nicpon Nicholas Colangelo Matthew O’Brien The Paradox of Giftedness and Autism The University of Iowa Belin-Blank Center The Paradox of Giftedness and Autism Packet of Information for Professionals (PIP) – Revised (2008) This Packet of Information (PIP) was originally developed in 2007 for the Student Program Faculty and Professional Staff of the Belin-Blank Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development (B-BC). It has been revised and expanded to incorporate multiple forms of special gifted programs including academic year Saturday programs, which can be both enrichment or accelerative; non-residential summer programs; and residential summer programs. Susan G. Assouline, Megan Foley Nicpon, Nicholas Colangelo, Matthew O’Brien We acknowledge the Messengers of Healing Winds Foundation for its support in the creation of this information packet. We acknowledge the students and families who participated in the Belin-Blank Center’s Assessment and Counseling Clinic. Their patience with the B-BC staff and their dedication to the project was critical to the development of the recommendations that comprise this Packet of Information for Professionals. © 2008, The University of Iowa Belin-Blank Center. All rights reserved. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the authors. The Paradox of Giftedness and Autism Purpose Structure of PIP This Packet of Information for Professionals (PIP) Section I of PIP introduces general information related to both giftedness was developed for professionals who work with and autism spectrum disorders. -
Disability in an Age of Environmental Risk by Sarah Gibbons a Thesis
Disablement, Diversity, Deviation: Disability in an Age of Environmental Risk by Sarah Gibbons A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2016 © Sarah Gibbons 2016 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This dissertation brings disability studies and postcolonial studies into dialogue with discourse surrounding risk in the environmental humanities. The central question that it investigates is how critics can reframe and reinterpret existing threat registers to accept and celebrate disability and embodied difference without passively accepting the social policies that produce disabling conditions. It examines the literary and rhetorical strategies of contemporary cultural works that one, promote a disability politics that aims for greater recognition of how our environmental surroundings affect human health and ability, but also two, put forward a disability politics that objects to devaluing disabled bodies by stigmatizing them as unnatural. Some of the major works under discussion in this dissertation include Marie Clements’s Burning Vision (2003), Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People (2007), Gerardine Wurzburg’s Wretches & Jabberers (2010) and Corinne Duyvis’s On the Edge of Gone (2016). The first section of this dissertation focuses on disability, illness, industry, and environmental health to consider how critics can discuss disability and environmental health in conjunction without returning to a medical model in which the term ‘disability’ often designates how closely bodies visibly conform or deviate from definitions of the normal body. -
Session 1 Understanding Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Foundations of Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Online Course Session 1 Understanding Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders (2008). Session I: Understanding pervasive developmental disorders and autism spectrum disorder. In Foundations of autism spectrum disorders: An online course. Chapel Hill: FPG Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina. Session 1, Lesson A Historical Background and DSM IV TR Classification of Pervasive Developmental Disorders Upon completion of Session 1, Lesson A, learners will: 1. identify early theorists in the field of autism. 2. list the 5 diagnoses described in the DSM-IV-TR that comprise the category of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). 3. describe the primary features required for a diagnosis of autistic disorder. 4. identify the distinctions between autistic disorder and Asperger’s disorder. 5. list the PDD disorder that primarily occurs in girls and is caused by a genetic mutation. 6. identify the rare PDD diagnosis that is characterized by early normal development followed by regression that occurs after 2 years of age. 7. describe the criteria for a diagnosis of PDD-NOS. Historical Background Autism was first described in 1943 by Leo Kanner, a child psychiatrist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. He wrote about eleven children who were similar to each other but whose pattern of difficulties were quite different from children diagnosed with other conditions. His rich description and characterization of these children and of their disability have provided a firm foundation for subsequent work in the field. Because Dr. Kanner considered social withdrawal to be the primary feature of the disability, he used the term “autism,” from the Greek word autos, meaning self, and called the disorder “early infantile autism”.