MALAISIE • Au Sarawak, La Fronde Vient Des Ondes | Courrier International 12/09/11 17:15

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MALAISIE • Au Sarawak, La Fronde Vient Des Ondes | Courrier International 12/09/11 17:15 MALAISIE • Au Sarawak, la fronde vient des ondes | Courrier international 12/09/11 17:15 LUNDI 12 SEPTEMBRE 2011 À la une > Hebdo n° 1067 - Asie MALAISIE • Au Sarawak, la fronde vient des ondes Le 16 avril, des élections se tiennent dans le riche Etat de l’île de Bornéo. Taib, qui le dirige depuis trente ans, a pillé ses ressources naturelles. Mais il devrait être réélu. Depuis Londres, une radio l’accable émission après émission. 14.04.2011 | David Cohen | London Evening Standard Depuis un appartement dominant un restaurant de Covent Garden, Clare, journaliste d’investigation, et un Dayak [indigène de Bornéo] connu sous le pseudonyme de Papa Orang-Utan et couvert de tatouages, s’apprêtent, comme chaque jour, à diffuser leur programme radio révolutionnaire jusqu’au cœur de la jungle de Bornéo. Tous deux forment un couple improbable : elle blanche, anglaise, d’âge moyen, et lui fier petit-fils d’un chasseur de têtes dayak. Leur objectif n’est pas moins curieux : il s’agit de révéler la corruption d’Abdul Taib Mahmud, le chef du gouvernement de l’Etat malaisien du Sarawak, sur l’île de Bornéo, à 10 400 kilomètres de Londres, et de mettre fin à ses trente ans de règne. “Ici Radio Free Sarawak [Radio Sarawak libre]”, lance Papa Orang-Utan avant de mettre son casque et d’interviewer un chef de village chassé de ses terres qui lui parle depuis l’orée de la forêt grâce à un téléphone mobile. “N’oublie pas de lui demander s’il sait si c’est Taib qui s’est emparé de sa terre ? Et trouve pour qui il va voter”, lui rappelle Clare. Jusqu’à présent l’identité des “pirates” qui étaient derrière Radio Free Sarawak était un secret bien gardé, et pour de bonnes raisons. Taib, 74 ans, est l’un des hommes les plus impitoyables et les plus riches du monde – plus fortuné, paraît-il, que son voisin le sultan de Brunei – et ceux qui lui résistent s’exposent à de violentes représailles. Mais aujourd’hui le moment est décisif : le duo a courageusement décidé d’apparaître au grand jour en vue des élections à venir. L’Evening Standard est en mesure de révéler que la mystérieuse Anglaise qui a fondé Radio Free Sarawak il y a six mois et invité le Dayak tatoué – de son vrai nom Peter John Jaban – à animer ses émissions est en fait Clare Rewcastle-Brown, la belle-sœur de l’ancien Premier ministre Gordon Brown. La forêt abattue à 95 % Mme Rewcastle-Brown, 51 ans, est née au Sarawak de parents britanniques avant que cette colonie soit remise à la Malaisie et elle y a vécu jusqu’à l’âge de 8 ans. Elle est la fondatrice de Sarawak Report, un blog féroce jusqu’à présent anonyme, qui enregistre 18 000 visites par jour. “L’anglais est toujours la langue véhiculaire au Sarawak. Je me sers de mon blog et de mes émissions pour révéler la déforestation scandaleuse qui sévit là-bas : la forêt a été abattue à 95 % et remplacée par des exploitations forestières et http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2011/04/14/au-sarawak-la-fronde-vient-des-ondes Page 1 sur 3 MALAISIE • Au Sarawak, la fronde vient des ondes | Courrier international 12/09/11 17:15 des plantations de palmiers à huile qui enrichissent Taib et sa famille, assène-t-elle. De plus, mes investigations montrent qu’une partie de l’argent de la famille Taib se trouve ici, à Londres, et comprend entre autres un portefeuille immobilier extrêmement lucratif au cœur de notre capitale.” Clare Rewcastle-Brown cherche également par son travail “à donner le choix aux 2,5 millions d’opprimés du Sarawak. Le chef du parti d’opposition, un avocat des droits de l’homme charismatique connu sous le nom de Baru Bian, suscite un espoir de réel changement pour la prochaine élection, mais seul un tiers de l’électorat est inscrit sur les listes électorales. C’est scandaleux, mais le gouvernement corrompu de la Malaisie ferme les yeux parce que Taib lui apporte toujours le Sarawak, qui est l’Etat le plus riche du pays.” Clare Rewcastle-Brown et Peter John Jaban ont décidé de se faire connaître parce que des menaces de mort ont été postées sur le site Sarawak Report et que leur principal informateur aux Etats-Unis a connu un sort tragique. “Ross Boyert, ancien conseiller américain de Taib, a été trouvé mort avant Noël dans une chambre d’hôtel de Los Angeles, la tête dans un sac en plastique. L’enquête est toujours en cours, mais Peter et moi avons eu le sentiment d’être peut-être en danger. Plutôt que de nous cacher, nous avons décidé de nous battre au grand jour.” Elle se débarrasse de ses bottes de cuir en riant. “Le plus drôle, c’est que Taib et ses sbires pensent que nous sommes une énorme organisation, mais en réalité nous ne sommes que cinq, avec quelques ordinateurs portables et une table de mixage. Avec les progrès de la technologie MP3, on peut facilement faire de la radio sur ondes courtes pour pas cher. Nous sommes tellement efficaces que les gens de Taib croient que nous sommes financés par George Soros, dont la fondation soutient Radio Free Burma.” Radio Free Sarawak, lancée en octobre depuis la salle à manger du loft de Victoria où elle vit “dans un délabrement sordide” avec son époux et leurs deux enfants adolescents, coûte moins de 10 000 livres [11 300 euros] par mois. Au début, Clare Rewcastle-Brown en assurait elle-même le financement, mais elle a, depuis, rallié quelques “amis plus aisés” qui apportent “anonymement” leur aide. “Pas Gordon, s’empresse-t-elle de préciser, son soutien est purement moral.” Son engagement passionné dans cette cause dont 99 % des Londoniens n’ont jamais entendu parler est parfois source de tensions avec les amis et la famille. “Mais, sincèrement, je suis convaincue que Taib est probablement l’un des pires criminels environnementaux de la planète et qu’il a tiré d’énormes profits de mon pays natal.” Elle sourit. “Il ne m’a pas vue venir. Quand il a créé ses sociétés immobilières, en 1982, il n’aurait jamais imaginé qu’une folle démêlerait les fils de son empire immobilier rien qu’en étudiant les rapports des sociétés en ligne dans sa cuisine à Londres.” Clare Rewcastle-Brown a fait ses débuts au BBC World Service en 1983. Journaliste d’investigation, elle était probablement mieux équipée que le commun des mortels pour mettre au jour la fortune de la famille Mahmud. “Mes enquêtes montrent que Taib et sa famille possèdent un empire immobilier au Canada, aux Etats-Unis et au Royaume-Uni. Taib s’est procuré les fonds en vendant la forêt et une partie de l’argent a transité par les îles Vierges britanniques.” L’Evening Standard a soumis ces allégations aux responsables des sociétés en question, qui ont démenti. La passion de Clare Rewcastle-Brown pour la forêt du Sarawak est née quand elle était enfant et qu’elle accompagnait dans la jungle sa mère, Karis, qui était sage-femme. A l’époque, cette forêt recelait la plus grande biodiversité du monde, 3 000 essences d’arbres, 15 000 variétés de plantes, 420 espèces d’oiseaux et 221 de mammifères. “Ma mère me traînait jusqu’à des cliniques éloignées pour montrer aux Dayaks à quoi devait ressembler un bébé en bonne santé, se souvient-elle. Dans ces villages, tout le monde dort dans une ‘longue maison’ [maison collective] et ma mère a souvent sauvé la vie de bébés malades. Quand j’étais enfant, mes premiers amis étaient les enfants du coin : on grimpait aux arbres et on courait pieds nus en évitant les scorpions.” La famille rentre au Royaume-Uni quand Clare a 8 ans. Trente-huit années s’écoulent avant qu’elle retourne au Sarawak, avec http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2011/04/14/au-sarawak-la-fronde-vient-des-ondes Page 2 sur 3 MALAISIE • Au Sarawak, la fronde vient des ondes | Courrier international 12/09/11 17:15 un groupe de journalistes. La dégradation de la forêt, évidente depuis les airs, la bouleverse. En 2008, elle repart pour couvrir une élection partielle et en profite pour filmer en secret des sociétés qui défrichent la forêt pour planter des palmiers à huile. C’est là qu’elle a “failli mourir en tombant dans une tourbière” et là aussi qu’elle a rencontré Peter John Jaban, 46 ans, qui surveillait le scrutin et avait été écarté de la radio publique pour avoir laissé les auditeurs critiquer le chef du gouvernement de l’Etat. Un espoir de changement ténu Clare Rewcastle-Brown a invité Jaban à devenir la voix de Radio Free Sarawak à Londres l’année dernière. Une décision lourde pour lui, qui signifiait qu’il ne pourrait pas rentrer au pays tant que Taib serait au pouvoir. “Mes quatre enfants me manquent, ma maison me manque”, confie-t-il, en larmes. Il a l’air vulnérable, comme un poisson hors de l’eau, mais il se redresse soudain. “Je suis prêt à mourir pour cette cause, déclare-t-il. A l’époque de mon grand-père, il fallait rapporter un nombre correct de têtes pour prouver sa virilité quand on se mariait. Aujourd’hui les choses ont changé, mais il faut toujours être un homme.” Quelles sont leurs chances de succès ? Clare Rewcastle-Brown réfléchit un moment. “Les gens disent que notre homme n’a pas la moindre chance à l’élection et que Taib, fidèle à son habitude, intimidera les électeurs, mais je crois que nos émissions ont un effet énorme et qu’il y a une lame de fond en faveur du changement.” Elle esquisse un sourire.
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