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The Power of an Alleged Tradition: a Prophecy Flattering Han Emperor Wu and Its Relation to the Sima Clan*
The Power of an Alleged Tradition: A Prophecy Flattering Han Emperor Wu and its Relation to the Sima Clan* by Dorothee Schaab-Hanke . es muß stets eine lange Übermittlerkette vorhanden sein, damit sich die Hinweise oder Gedanken, die Kommentare, wie immer man es nennt, dehnen. Sie müsen durch zehn Hirne hindurch, um einen Satz zu ergeben.** (Alexander Kluge) Introduction During the early reign of Liu Che ᄸ, posthumously honored as Emperor Wu r. 141–87) of the Han, a severe struggle for infl uence and power seems to) ܹن have arisen among competing groups of experts concerned with the establishment of new imperial rites. This is at least the impression that the Shiji͑৩ (The Scribe’s Record) conveys to the reader in chapter 28, the “Treatise on the Feng and Shan Sacrifi ces” (Fengshan shuܱᑐए). According to the account given there, the compet- ing partners in this struggle were mainly the ru ኵ (here used in the sense of scholars who maintained that any advice in the question of ritual should entirely be based upon evidence drawn from the “Classics”) and a group of specialists called fangshī ʦ (a term which should be translated by “masters of techniques” rather than by the often used, but rather biased term magicians). * I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Hans Stumpfeldt (Hamburg), Dr. Achim Mittag (Essen) and Dr. Monique Nagel- Angermann (Münster) for their helpful and inspiring comments on the text. Special thanks to Dr. Martin Svens- son Ekström (Stockholm), Prof. Dr. E. Bruce Brooks and Dr. A. Taeko Brooks (Amherst, Mass.) as well as two anonymous readers for the BMFEA for their competent and engaged revising of the draft. -
Encyclopedia of Buddhism
Encyclopedia of Buddhism J: AF Encyclopedia of Buddhism Encyclopedia of Catholicism Encyclopedia of Hinduism Encyclopedia of Islam Encyclopedia of Judaism Encyclopedia of Protestantism Encyclopedia of World Religions nnnnnnnnnnn Encyclopedia of Buddhism J: AF Edward A. Irons J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor Encyclopedia of Buddhism Copyright © 2008 by Edward A. Irons All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the pub- lisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Irons, Edward A. Encyclopedia of Buddhism / Edward A. Irons. p. cm. — (Encyclopedia of world religions) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8160-5459-6 (alk. paper) 1. Buddhism—Encyclopedias. I. Title. BQ128.I76 2007 294.303—dc22 2007004503 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quanti- ties for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Spe- cial Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Erika Arroyo Cover design by Cathy Rincon Maps by Dale Williams Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper and contains 30% post-consumer recycled content. -
Seeking Immortality in Ge Hong's Baopuzi Neipian
Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy 14 David Chai Editor Dao Companion to Xuanxue (Neo-Daoism) Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy Volume 14 Series Editor Yong Huang Department of Philosophy The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong E-mail: [email protected] David Chai Editor Dao Companion to Xuanxue (Neo-Daoism) Editor David Chai Department of Philosophy Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong ISSN 2211-0275 ISSN 2542-8780 (electronic) Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy ISBN 978-3-030-49227-4 ISBN 978-3-030-49228-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49228-1 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci"cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro"lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci"c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 289 5th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2018) Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the Jiao Di Opera Xiaotian Bai School of Liberal Arts Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou, China 730030 Abstract—The Jiao Di Opera originated from the Warring After the Spring and Autumn period, weak states were States and developed rapidly during the period of Emperor destroyed and entered into the warring States period. During Wu of Han. And the rapid development of Jiao Di Opera in the the Warring States period, the etiquette of martial arts was period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was closely related added, used for entertainment, and also for bragging. Qin to the thought of the Emperor. Jiao Di opera can be loved and took its name "Jiao Di", and the etiquette of the previous strongly advocated by Emperor Wu of Han, mainly because he king period was submerged in entertainment. … When the likes the magic of gods and spirits, and some of the content in Han Dynasty was founded, Liu Bang, the founding emperor, the drama is magical, which caters to Emperor’s ideological was wise and brave, generous and merciful, and the hero of demands. Of course, the development of Jiao Di Opera also the world. So he killed Xiang Yu and his rival Qin Dynasty. had something to do with the great success and the pretensions Liu Bang used the ideas of Xiao he and Cao Shen, the tactics of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and also with the national peace and the preferences of the people at that time. -
The Way of the Golden Elixir
THE WAY OF THE GOLDEN ELIXIR A Historical Overview of Taoist Alchemy Golden Elixir Occasional Papers — No. 3 Fabrizio Pregadio © Golden Elixir Press 2012 Mountain View, CA www.goldenelixir.com • [email protected] This work may be freely distributed, provided that no charge is collected for the distribution. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported Li- cense. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. The Way of the Golden Elixir: A Historical Overview INTRODUCTION Chinese alchemy has a history of more than two thousand years, re- corded from the 2nd century BCE to the present day. Its two main branches, known as Waidan, or External Alchemy, and Neidan, or In- ternal Alchemy, share in part their doctrinal foundations but differ from one another in the respective practices. Waidan (lit., “external elixir”), which arose earlier, is based on the compounding of elixirs through the manipulation of natural sub- stances and the heating of ingredients in a crucible. Its texts consist of recipes, along with descriptions of ingredients, ritual rules, and pas- sages concerned with the cosmological associations of minerals, met- als, instruments, and operations. Neidan (lit., “internal elixir”) borrows a significant part of its vocabulary and imagery from its earlier coun- terpart, but aims to produce the elixir within the alchemist’s person, using the primary components of the cosmos and the human being as ingredients. Neidan texts cover a wider spectrum of subjects compared to Waidan; at its ends are, on the one hand, spiritual teachings on the Dao (the Absolute, and the origin of the manifested world) and, on the other, descriptions of physiological practices. -
ELIXIRS and ALCHEMY Chinese Alchemy
CHAPTER SEVEN ELIXIRS AND ALCHEMY FABRIZIO PREGADIO DESCRIPTION Chinese alchemy (jindan i:-fl-, "Golden Elixir," or lianjin shu ~ i:-f,ltf, "art of refining gold") developed in two main branches along its two thousand years of documented history. The first branch, wai.dan 571--fl- or "external alchemy," focuses on the compounding of elixirs through the refining of natural substances. The second, neidan 179 fl- or "inner alchemy," aims to regenerate the primary constituents of the cosmos and the human person. Although the two designations are conventional (Robinet 1991 ), they are generally accepted in Chinese,Japanese and Western language studies. Research on the history, doctrines and practices of wai.dan is limited by the number of available sources, along with the unknown or uncertain date and complex language of many documents. Despite these limitations and ambiguities, the received texts do provide evidence of a basic feature: their transmission and their relationship to the doctrinal and textual corpus show that the history of wai.dan has been characterized by a progressive shift of concern from the world of gods and demons to abstract cosmological speculation. This transition culminated around the sixth-seventh centuries, and not only affected the history of wai.dan but also paved the way for the rise of nei.dan. HISTORY EARLIEST REFERENCES. Virtually nothing is known about the origins of alchemy in China or about the people who first sought elixirs. Early scriptures ascribe their teachings and methods to revelations granted by immortals and divine beings, and do not provide reliable historical details. The belief in a medicine of immortality (xiarryao itL ~ ), typically found on remote mountains and islands (Needham et al.1976, 1-12), must have par alleled the early development of wai.dan, but reciprocal influences can hardly be assessed beyond their partially shared background. -
A History of Reading in Late Imperial China, 1000-1800
A HISTORY OF READING IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINA, 1000-1800 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Li Yu, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Galal Walker, advisor Professor Mark Bender Professor Cynthia J. Brokaw ______________________________ Professor Patricia A. Sieber Advisor East Asian Languages and Literatures ABSTRACT This dissertation is a historical ethnographic study on the act of reading in late imperial China. Focusing on the practice and representation of reading, I present a mosaic of how reading was conceptualized, perceived, conducted, and transmitted from the tenth to the eighteenth centuries. My central argument is that reading, or dushu, was an indispensable component in the tapestry of cultural life and occupied a unique position in the landscape of social history in late imperial China. Reading is not merely a psychological act of individuals, but also a set of complicated social practices determined and conditioned by social conventions. The dissertation consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 discusses motivation, scope, methodology, and sources of the study. I introduce a dozen different Chinese terms related to the act of reading. Chapter 2 examines theories and practices of how children were taught to read. Focusing on four main pedagogical procedures, namely memorization, vocalization, punctuation, and explication, I argue that the loud chanting of texts and the constant anxiety of reciting were two of the most prominent themes that ran through both the descriptive and prescriptive discourses on the history of reading in late imperial ii China. -
THE MAGNITUDE of MING Command, Allotment, and Fate in Chinese Culture
TheMagnitudeofMing THE MAGNITUDE OF MING Command, Allotment, and Fate in Chinese Culture Edited by Christopher Lupke University of Hawai`i Press Honolulu ( 2005 University of Hawai`i Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 050607080910654321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The magnitude of ming : command, allotment, and fate in Chinese culture / edited by Christopher Lupke. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8248-2739-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Fate and fatalism. 2. Philosophy, Chinese. I. Lupke, Christopher. BJ1461.M34 2005 1230.0951Ðdc22 2004014194 Publication of this book has been assisted by a grant from the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange. University of Hawai`i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources. Designed by University of Hawai`i Press production staff Printed by The Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group For My Mother, Clara Lupke Contents Preface ix Diverse Modes of Ming: An Introduction Christopher Lupke 1 Part I The Foundations of Fate Early Chinese Conceptions of Ming 1 Command and the Content of Tradition David Schaberg 23 2 Following the Commands of Heaven: The Notion of Ming in Early China Michael Puett 49 3 Languages of Fate: Semantic Fields in Chinese and Greek Lisa Raphals 70 4 How to Steer through Life: Negotiating Fate in the Daybook Mu-chou Poo 107 Part II Escape Attempts from Finitude Ming in the Later Han and Six Dynasties -
The Way of the Golden Elixir an Introduction to Taoist Alchemy
FABRIZIO PREGADIO The Way of the Golden Elixir An Introduction to Taoist Alchemy GOLDEN ELIXIR PRESS The Way of the Golden Elixir An Introduction to Taoist Alchemy Fabrizio Pregadio Third Edition Golden Elixir Press Mountain View, CA www.goldenelixir.com • [email protected] First edition © Fabrizio Pregadio and Golden Elixir Press 2012 Second edition © Fabrizio Pregadio and Golden Elixir Press 2014 Third edition © Fabrizio Pregadio and Golden Elixir Press 2019 Words in bold are defined in the Glossary. Click or tap to read a definition. All external links in this e-book are secure links to the Golden Elixir website (www.goldenelixir.com). i CHAPTER 1 Introduction SECTION 1 Chinese alchemy has a history of more than two thou- sand years, recorded from the 2nd century BCE to the Waidan and Neidan present day. It is divided into two main branches, known as Waidan, or External Alchemy, and Neidan, or Internal Alchemy, which share part of their doc- trinal foundations but differ in the respective practices. Waidan (lit., “external elixir”), which arose earlier, is based on the compounding of elixirs through the heat- ing of natural substances in a crucible. Its texts consist of recipes, along with descriptions of ingredients, ritual rules, and passages concerned with the cosmological as- sociations of minerals, metals, instruments, and opera- tions. Neidan (lit., “internal elixir”) borrows a signifi- cant part of its vocabulary and imagery from its earlier counterpart, but aims to produce the elixir within the alchemist’s person according to two main models of doctrine and practice: first, by causing the primary components of the cosmos and the human being to re- vert to their original condition; and second, by purify- ing the mind from defilements and passions in order to “see one’s Nature.” Neidan texts cover a wider spec- trum of subjects compared to Waidan; at its ends are, on the one hand, teachings on the Dao and, on the other, descriptions of physiological practices. -
The Three Sovereigns Tradition: Talismans, Elixirs
THE THREE SOVEREIGNS TRADITION: TALISMANS, ELIXIRS, AND MEDITATION IN EARLY MEDIEVAL CHINA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Dominic Steavu-Balint March 2010 © 2010 by Dominic Emanuel Steavu-Balint. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/sz439qw2285 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Carl Bielefeldt, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Bernard Faure, Co-Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Fabrizio Pregadio Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Abstract This dissertation attempts to elucidate the origins and nature of the lost Sanhuang wen (Writ of the Three Sovereigns), and identify its surviving fragments in the Daoist Canon. -
La Pintura En Asia: Apuntes Para Una Historia
La pintura en Asia: Apuntes para una Historia Dr. Fernando E. Rodríguez-Miaja “Divulguemos la Historia para mejorar la sociedad” La pintura en Asia: Apuntes para una historia Coordinación editorial: José Luis Chong © 2007, Palabra de Clío, A. C. Insurgentes Sur # 1814-101. Colonia Florida. C.P. 01030 Mexico, D.F. Diseño de portada y maquetación: Patricia Pérez Ramírez Foto de portada: Ch´en Jung o Chen Rong (Dinastía Song del Sur), Rollo de los nueve dragones (detalle), firmado y fechado, 1244, tinta y color rojo sobre papel (rollo completo: 46.3 X 1,096.4 cm), Museo de Bellas Artes de Boston, Estados Unidos. Imagen del dominio público en todo el mundo, debido a que el autor tiene más de 100 años de haber fallecido. Fuente: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chen_Rong_-_Nine_Dragons.jpg Cuidado de la edición: Víctor Cuchí Espada Primera edición: mayo de 2019 ISBN: 978-607-98296-6-7 Impreso en Impresora litográfica Heva, S. A. Todos los derechos reservados. Esta publicación no puede ser reproducida, ni en todo ni en parte, ni registrada en o transmitida por un sistema de recuperaciónde informa ción en ninguna forma ni por ningún medio, sea mecánico, fotomecánico, electrónico, magnético, electroóptico, por fotocopia o cualquier otro, sin el permiso por escri to de la editorial. www.palabradeclio.com.mx Impreso en México - Printed in Mexico ÍNDICE Agradecimientos ........................................... 7 Presentación .............................................. 9 Introducción .............................................. 17 CAPÍTULO I LA PINTURA EN CHINA, COREA Y JAPÓN (960-1392 EC) ............................................ 23 Apuntes para una historia de la pintura en Asia: China, Corea y Japón (960-1392 EC) ....................... -
Writing As Weaving: Intertextuality and the Huainanzi's Self-Fashioning As an Embodiment of The
Writing as Weaving: Intertextuality and the Huainanzi’s Self-Fashioning as an Embodiment of the Way By Tobias Benedikt Zürn A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (East Asian Languages and Literature) at the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON 2016 Date of final oral examination: 08/08/16 The dissertation is approved by the following members of the final oral committee: Mark Meulenbeld, Associate Professor, East Asian Languages and Literature Mark Csikszentmihaly, Professor, East Asian Languages and Cultures, UC Berkeley Anne Hansen, Professor, History Rania Huntington, Professor, East Asian Languages and Literature William H. Nienhauser Jr., Professor, East Asian Languages and Literature Michael J. Puett, Professor, East Asian Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University © Copyright by Tobias Benedikt Zürn 2016 All Rights Reserved i Acknowledgements I would not have been able to develop and finish this dissertation without the wonderful help and support of my teachers, colleagues, family, and friends. Unfortunately, I cannot name all of those that impacted this project over the last eight years and that deserve thanks. I am nonetheless deeply grateful to all of you who have accompanied me along the way! First, I would like to thank my mentor Dennis Schilling without whom I would have never applied to a graduate program. Your enthusiasm, open-mindedness, and erudition will always be an inspiration to me! I am also incredibly indebted to my fantastic advisers Mark Meulenbeld and Mark Csikszentmihalyi who guided me marvelously over the last eight years far beyond the academic realm! My teachers Anne Hansen, Rania Huntington, William H.