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Chapter E. Mineral Resource Potential of the Arden, Bird Spring, and Sloan Rock Art Areas of Critical Environmental Concern, Clark County, Nevada

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Chapter E. Mineral Resource Potential of the Arden, Bird Spring, and Sloan Rock Art Areas of Critical Environmental Concern, Clark County, Nevada Mineral Resource Assessment of Selected Areas in Clark and Nye Counties, Nevada, Edited by Steve Ludington U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5197 Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Chapter E. Mineral Resource Potential of the Arden, Bird Spring, and Sloan Rock Art Areas of Critical Environmental Concern, Clark County, Nevada By Stephen B. Castor, Brett T. McLaurin, Kathryn S. Flynn, and Steve Ludington Summary and Conclusions of an application for permanent withdrawal by the BLM. This report provides information about mineral resource potential The Arden Area of Critical Environmental Concern on these lands. (ACEC) contains known deposits of silica that were mined in The Arden, Bird Spring, and Sloan Rock Art Areas of the past. These deposits help define an area in the ACEC that Critical Environmental Concern (ACECs) were studied in the has high potential for the occurrence of silica deposits. The field to confirm descriptions of the geology that were gleaned Arden ACEC contains a gypsum deposit that was mined in the from the scientific literature. Samples were collected and past, but the potential for the occurrence of undiscovered gyp- analyzed, and representatives of the companies with mining sum deposits in this area is low. Two small uranium prospects operations in and near the areas were contacted. are near the Arden ACEC, but these imply only low potential Definitions of mineral resource potential and certainty for the occurrence of uranium deposits. There is no potential levels are given in appendix 1, and are similar to those out- for the occurrence of other deposits of locatable or leasable lined by Goudarzi (1984). minerals. The Arden ACEC contains areas with both low and mod- erate potential for the occurrence of crushed-stone aggregate Lands Involved deposits. The ACEC also contains tracts with high potential for the occurrence of sand and gravel aggregate deposits. The Arden ACEC, Bird Spring ACEC, and the Sloan The Bird Spring ACEC contains no known mineral Rock Art ACEC are described together in this report because deposits. There is no potential for the occurrence of other they are in close proximity. The areas are south of Las Vegas deposits of locatable or leasable minerals. The ACEC has near Interstate 15 (fig. 1). Arden and Bird Spring can be areas of both moderate and low potential for the occurrence of accessed by various primitive roads that extend west from the crushed-stone aggregate deposits, and a tract with high poten- Sloan exit on Interstate 15 or south from the Blue Diamond tial for the occurrence of sand and gravel aggregate deposits. Road (Nevada Highway 160), although some access roads The Sloan Rock Art ACEC contains no known mineral from the Blue Diamond Road are partially blocked by new deposits. There is no potential for the occurrence of other housing developments. Sloan Rock Art ACEC is within both deposits of locatable or leasable minerals. The ACEC has the Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area and the North moderate potential for the occurrence of crushed-stone aggre- McCullough Wilderness. It is accessed from a primitive road gate deposits; sand and gravel aggregate does not occur. that extends east from Las Vegas Boulevard near the Sloan exit off I-15. A legal description of these lands is included in appendix 2. Introduction This report was prepared for the U.S. Bureau of Land Physiographic Description Management (BLM) to provide information for land plan- ning and management, and, specifically, to determine min- The Arden ACEC consists primarily of hills that reach eral resource potential in accordance with regulations at 43 elevations of more than 1,300 m; Longwell and others (1965) CFR 2310, which governs the withdrawal of public lands. referred to them as “hills near Sloan.” They are drained by The Clark County Conservation of Public Land and Natu- alluvial fans that range between 800 and 900 m in elevation ral Resources Act of 2002 temporarily withdraws the lands along north- to northeast-draining valleys. The Bird Spring described herein from mineral entry, pending final approval ACEC ranges in elevation from 1,250 to 1,450 m on the E2 Mineral ResourceAssessmentofSelectedAreasinClarkandNyeCounties,Nevada 115°22'30"W 115°15'0"W 115°7'30"W 36°0'0"N ARDEN Qu ACEC Fargo Pacific Uranium prospect Pit (aggregate) AP-001 Bard deposit (gypsum) Arden quarries (silica) Qu uPzc uPzc AP-006 uPzc uPzc lPzc Chemstar Sloan limestone Pit AP-007 quarry JTrs Qu Little Snake and Uranium Purple Valentine prospects prospect (U) uPzs uPzc uPzc uPzc Gold Bu tte ACE C Uranium JTrs prospects uPzc SLOAN ROCK ART ACEC BIRD SPRING ACEC uPzc uPzs Uranium Nevada Royale uPzc prospects Tvy JTrs Quarry Tvy uPzs uPzc Gary Allen ° 35 52'30"N Quarry Uranium uPzc 012340.5 prospect Qu Kilometers Figure 1. Generalized geology of the Arden, Bird Spring, and Sloan Rock Art Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACECs; outlined in pink). See explanation on page E3. Arden, Bird Spring, and Sloan Rock Art ACECs E3 EXPLANATION northeast slope of the Bird Spring Range. The Sloan Rock Art ACEC is an area of small hills with a valley that drains Qu Undivided surficial deposits (Pleistocene and north on the east side of the ACEC. The area ranges in eleva- Holocene)—Alluvium, colluvium, lake, playa, tion from 900 to 1,150 m, and is on the west flank of the landslide, terrace, and eolian sand deposits McCullough Range. Tvy Young volcanic rocks (middle and upper Miocene)- Rhyolite, andesite, and basalt lava flows, tuff, and tuffaceous sediments Geologic Setting JTRs Sedimentary rocks (Triassic and Jurassic)—Shale, The area is part of the Basin and Range Physiographic mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, and carbonate Province, characterized by north trending mountain ranges and rock; some sparse volcanic rock. Includes Lower Jurassic Glen Canyon Group (Navajo Sandstone, intervening valleys. The Arden and Bird Spring ACECs are in Kayenta and Moenave Formations, Wingate Sand- the southern part of the Spring Mountain structural block, an stone, Aztec Sandstone) and Chinle and Moenkopi area mainly characterized by west- to north-dipping Paleo- Formations zoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks that are cut by major Mesozoic thrust faults and Cenozoic normal faults (Burchfiel uPzc Carbonate rocks (Mississippian to Permian)- and others, 1974). The Sloan Canyon ACEC is in the northern Limestone, dolomite, and some shale. May include part of the McCullough Range structural block, an area that is Kaibab, Callville, Ely, Tippipah, Temple Butte, Rogers Spring, Monte Cristo, and Redwall Lime- mainly underlain by west-dipping Miocene volcanic rocks. stones, Toroweap Formation, Coconino Sandstone, and Bird Spring Formation uPzs Sedimentary rocks (uppermost Devonian to Geology Permian)—Siltstone, sandstone, shale, and conglom- erate; some limestone, dolomite, chert, marble, Bedrock in the Arden ACEC consists of, from oldest to and gypsum. May include Queantoweap Sandstone, youngest: cherty carbonate rocks of the Pennsylvanian-Perm- Hermit Shale, Coconino Sandstone, Supai Group, ian Bird Spring Formation; Permian redbeds; and Permian Pakoon Formation, Pilot and Chainman Shales, cherty carbonate strata of the Kaibab and Toroweap Forma- Eleana and Diamond Peak Formations, and Joana, tions. The Permian redbeds were originally correlated with the Narrow Canyon, and Mercury Limestones Supai Formation (Hewett, 1931) but later correlated with the Hermit Shale and placed in the Hermit Formation (Longwell lPzc Dolomite and Limestone (Cambrian to Devonian)- Dolomite, limestone, and minor amounts of and others, 1965). Strata in these units mostly dip gently west- sandstone, shale, and siltstone. May include Sevy, ward; however, Longwell and others (1965) mapped north- Simonson, Laketown, Lone Mountain, Ely Springs east-trending folds south of the ACEC, and they described the Dolomites, Devils Gate and Muav Limestone, and overall structure in the hills near Sloan as an elongate dome. Guilmette, Nevada, Carrara, Bonanza King, and They noted that all the Paleozoic strata in the area have dips of Nopah Formations, Dunderberg and Pioche Shales, less than 10°. Northwest-striking Cenozoic normal faults cut Pogonip Group, and Eureka Quartzite the bedrock. The Bird Spring ACEC is notable for exposures of the contact, certain Bird Spring thrust fault, which dips about 25° west. It sepa- rates the Pennsylvanian-Permian Bird Spring Formation in the fault, certain upper plate from Mesozoic rocks (mostly Chinle and Moen- kopi Formations) in the lower plate. fault, approximate Rocks of the Sloan Rock Art ACEC consist of Miocene basalt and andesite flows. Some details of the volcanic geol- fault, concealed ogy of the area were studied by Bridwell (1991). thrust fault Mining History mine or prospect At least seven inactive silica and gypsum open-pit mines are in and near the Arden ACEC, mostly in the Arden Quar- sample site, with sample number ries area (fig. 1). In addition, there are some inactive under- AP-001 ground mines and several prospects. Within 10 km of the area, gypsum, dolomite, limestone, silica, stone, and construction Figure 1.—Continued. aggregate have all been mined. E4 Mineral Resource Assessment of Selected Areas in Clark and Nye Counties, Nevada The mining of limestone in the Sloan area, about 5 km wide. Chip samples from exposures just south of this quarry southeast of the Arden ACEC, began in 1910 (Longwell and that represent about 40 m of section contain 93.19 percent to others, 1965), and dolomite mining was initiated in the same 94.39 percent SiO2 (Ludington and others, 2005). X-ray dif- area in 1928 and continued until 1997. Both limestone and fraction (XRD) analysis and petrographic examination show dolomite were used to produce lime at a plant in Henderson. that the major impurities are K-feldspar, calcite, and dolomite. Carbonate rock mining at Sloan has resumed, but the rock is To the south is a 250-m-long and 10-m-wide open cut that now used in construction aggregate.
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