Chapter 1 Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context Definitions

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Chapter 1 Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context Definitions

Definitions Chapter 1 Psychological Disorder (aka Abnormal behavior) Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context The Science of Psychopathology The Science of Psychopathology Mental health Clinical Description professionals Scientist–Practitioner Causation, Treatment, and Outcomes The Past: Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Psychology The Supernatural Tradition The Supernatural Tradition The Moon and the Stars Treatments for Possession • Paracelsus Mass Hysteria • Astrology •Saint Vitus’s Dance, tarantism 1 The Biological Tradition The Nineteenth Century Hippocrates • Syphilis – General Paresis (1825) – Pasteur’s germ theory of disease (1870) Galen •Humoral theory of disorders – Cure for General Paresis –Blood •John Grey –Black bile –Phlegm –Choler – Yellow bile The Twentieth Century: Consequences of The Biological The development of Biological Treatments Tradition • 1930’s electric shock & brain surgery • Focus on hospitalization • Manfred Sakel, 1927 • 1920’s Joseph von Meduna • Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) • 1950’s 1st effective drugs for severe psychotic disorders – reserpine, neuroleptics, benzodiazepines The Psychological Tradition •Moral Therapy Psychoanalytic Theory –Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) –Benjamin Rush (1745-1813) • Anton Mesmer (1734-1815) Asylum Reform and the Decline • Jean Charcot (1825-1893) of Moral Therapy – Salpetriere Hospital • Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) • Josef Breuer (1842-1925) with Freud – the unconscious mind 2 Psychoanalytic Theory • Structure of the mind – Id • Catharsis • libido • thanatos • pleasure principle • Insight • primary process – Ego • Anna O. • reality principle • secondary process – Superego (conscience) • Intrapsychic conflicts • Defense mechanisms • Psychosexual stages of development – denial – Oral stage – displacement – Anal stage – projection – Phallic stage – rationalization • Oedipus complex – reaction formation • Electra complex – repression – Latency stage – sublimation – Genital stage • Neuroses Later developments • Carl Jung (1875-1961) – Collective unconscious • Ego psychology – Introversion & extroversion – Anna Freud (1895-1982) • Alfred Adler (1870-1937) • Object relations – Melanie Klein – Inferiority complex – Otto Kernberg 3 • Other psychoanalysts Psychodynamic Psychotherapy – Karen Horney (1885-1952) – Erich Fromm (1900-1980) – Erik Erikson (1902-1994) Humanistic Theory Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy •Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) •Free association •Dream analysis •Carl Rogers (1902-1987) •Psychoanalyst •Transference The Behavioral Model • John Watson (1878-1958) & the Rise of Behaviorism • Pavlov and Classical Conditioning – Albert – Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) • Rosalie Rayner – Unconditioned response (UCR) – Conditioned stimulus (CS) – Mary Cover Jones & Peter – Conditioned response (CR) – Extinction The Present: • The Beginnings of Behavior Therapy The Scientific Method and – Joseph Wolpe (1915-1997) an Integrative Approach •B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) and Operant Conditioning •Influenced by Watson & by Thorndike –Law of effect •Operant Conditioning –Reinforcement –Shaping 4.

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Report of Dr. Beaudry Concerning Forced Injections at Joliette
Tre Correc!;onal Investigator L'Enoueteur correct;onnel Car ada Canada P.O Box 3421 CP 8421 Stat:on "D" Succu·sale "D" O:tawa, Ontano Ottawa (Ontario) K1P 6L4 K1P 6L4 Apri119, 2010 Don Head Commissioner 340 Laurier Avenue West Ottawa, Ontario K1A OP9 Subject Independent Expert Review of Forced Medical Injections Administered to Ms. Ashley Smith on July 22, 23 and 26, 2007 at Joliette Institution Dear Mr. ~V\ - In my Office's Interim Report on the Death of Ashley Smith (dated December 20, 2007), we noted that there was a need to determine whether medical injections that were administered to Ms. Smith at Joliette Institution between July 22 and July 26, 2007 complied with the Corrections and Conditional Release Act. On July 23, 2008, the Office received the Service's Section 20 Board of Investigation Regarding Allegations of Inappropriate Injections Administered at Joliette Institution between June 27 and July 26, 2007. Our Preliminary Review of the Section 20 Board of Investigation (dated August 19, 2008 and shared with the Service on December 5, 2008) noted several discrepancies between the Bot findings and the use of force reviews conducted at the Institutional, Regional and National (Women Offender and Health Care Sector) levels. The findings of the Bol were also inconsistent with our detailed review of the video evidence. Confronted with an irreconcilable interpretation of the events under scrutiny, my Office commissioned Paul Beaudry, MD, FRCPC to conduct an independent expert review of the treatment received by Ms. Smith, specifically the forced medical injections administered on July 22, 23 and 26, 2007 at Joliette.
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