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Zootaxa, on the Systematic Position of Dino Loman and Toccolus Roewer

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Zootaxa, on the Systematic Position of Dino Loman and Toccolus Roewer Zootaxa 1932: 61–68 (2008) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2008 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) On the systematic position of Dino Loman and Toccolus Roewer (Opiliones, Laniatores, Epedanidae), with the description of a new species from western Java, Indonesia ADRIANO B. KURY Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20.940-040, Rio de Janeiro - RJ – BRA- ZIL. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species, Toccolus javanensis sp. nova, is described from a rainforest in Gunung Puncak, western Java, Indonesia. It is the fourth species of the genus, which was hitherto known only from continental SE Asia. It possesses a low ocular- ium and general body shape strongly resembling Dino weberi Loman from Sumatra. The relationships of Toccolus are discussed and the closely related genus Dino Loman is transferred from Podoctinae (Podoctidae) to Epedaninae (Epedanidae). Key words: Arachnida, Harvestmen, Dibuninae, Podoctidae, Podoctinae, Sumatra, Indo-Malaya, Grassatores Introduction Based on the material collected by the Max Wilhelm Carl Weber (1852–1937) Expedition in the Dutch East Indies (1888), Loman (1893) described a number of Opiliones from Sumatra, Java and Flores. Among the Epedanoidae (roughly equal to today’s Epedanidae) he included the new genus Dino Loman, with the type species Dino weberi Loman, from Sumatra. Later, Roewer (1912) synonymized Epedanidae and many other families with Phalangodidae, transferring Dino into the Podoctinae (currently Podoctidae) where it has remained until now. He reexamined and redescribed Loman’s material of Dino weberi. No further material of the genus has been recorded in the literature and its familial placement has never been questioned. Roewer (1927) created the genus Toccolus for a species from Vietnam. Suzuki (1969; 1976) added two more species, respectively from Thailand and Malaysia. In the present paper, based on material from Java deposited in AMNH, a new species of Toccolus is described, which resembles Dino weberi and thus prompted a comparison with Dino. This allows the transfer of the genus Dino from Podoctidae to Epedanidae. Acronyms of repositories: AMNH — American Museum of Natural History. New York, NY, U.S.A. ZMAN—Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amster- dam, Netherlands. WWF Ecoregions follow classification of WWF (2007). Abbreviations: AL, abdominal scutum length from scutal groove to posterior border of scutum; AW, abdominal scutum maximum width; CL, carapace length down to scutal groove; CW, carapace maximum width; ID, interocular distance, measured between the internal rim of each cornea. Accepted by M. Judson: 16 Oct. 2008; published: 14 Nov. 2008 61 Epedaninae Sørensen, 1886 Epedanoidae Sørensen 1886: 66; Loman 1893: 12. Epedanidae: Loman 1902: 197. Epedaninae (Phalangodidae): Roewer 1912: 220; Roewer 1923: 196 (key to genera). Dino Loman, 1893 Dino Loman 1893: 17; Loman 1902: 198; Roewer 1912: 209; Roewer 1923: 179 [type species Dino weberi Loman, 1893, by monotypy]. Etymology. From the Greek Δεινώ, one of the Graeae (Loman 1893: 17, footnote). Remarks. Roewer (1923) gives 1892 as the publication date of the name Dino. The volume by Max Weber is dated 1894, but some individual parts surely appeared earlier. Both Neave’s Nomenclator zoologicus and the Zoological Record give 1893 for Loman’s chapter, which is the date I use here, in the absence of any other source of information on the precise publication date. Diagnosis. Epedanidae with peltidium subrectangular, sides concave. Ocularium absent, eyes situated on separated, individual eyemounds. Basichelicerite elongate and very slender. Pedipalpal trochanter and femur armed ventrally with strong spines. Femur short and curved distally. Patella ventro-mesally with 1 spine, ven- tro-ectally unarmed. Leg I strongly enlarged (femur I 75% as long as peltidium and thicker than pedipalpal femur). Tarsal counts 6(2)/14(2)/6/7. Dino weberi Loman, 1893 Dino weberi Loman 1893: 17, pl. 1, figs 10–11; Loman 1902: 198; Roewer 1912: 209, fig 47; Roewer 1923: 179, figs 200–201. Type material. ZMAN, unsexed (probably &) holotype (not examined) “Sumatra. Kaju tanam” [Indonesia, Sumatra Island, Sumatera Barat Province, Limapuluhkoto Regency, Kajutanam, -0.5500° 100.3333°]. WWF Ecoregion: IM0159 (Sumatran Montane Rain Forests). Toccolus Roewer, 1927 Toccolus Roewer 1927: 203 [type species: Toccolus minimus Roewer, 1927, by monotypy]. Etymology. From Tocco Concession. Included species. Toccolus minimus Roewer, 1927, Toccolus chibai Suzuki, 1976, Toccolus globitarsis Suzuki, 1969 and Toccolus javanensis sp. nova. Diagnosis. Epedanidae with peltidium subrectangular, sides concave. Ocularium always present, varying from very low to high armed with a median acuminate tubercle, high or low. Basichelicerite robust. Pedipalpal trochanter and femur ventrally armed with strong spines. Femur short and curved distally. Patella ventro- mesally with 2, ventro-ectally with 1 spine. Leg I weak (femur I 55% as long as peltidium and much thinner than pedipalpal femur). Tarsal counts 5-8(2)/11-21(3)/6/6-10. 62 · Zootaxa 1932 © 2008 Magnolia Press KURY Key to the species of Toccolus 1. Pedipalpal femur dorsal with 2 high spines (as long as femur width); ocularium armed with high spine (much longer than height of ocularium) ....................................................................... T. chibai (Malaysia) - Pedipalpal femur dorsal with a row of 7–10 small tubercles (much shorter than femur width); ocularium armed with small tubercle (much shorter than height of ocularium)............................................................2 2. Ocularium very low; pedipalpal tarsus ventro-ectal and ventro-mesal sides each with 4 spines; tarsus I with 8 articles..................................................................................................................T. javanensis (Java) - Ocularium elevated; pedipalpal tarsus ventro-ectal and ventro-mesal sides each with 3 spines; tarsus I with 5–6 articles ...........................................................................................................................................3 3. Basichelicerite with 2 very short acuminate tubercles (much shorter than basichelicerite width); pedipal- pal coxa dorsal with row of 3 dentiform apophyses, middle apophysis anchor-shaped (“dorsal mit 3 Zäh- nen, deren mittlerer ankerförmig ist” [Roewer 1938: 103]) .......................................T. minimus (Vietnam) - Basichelicerite with 3 high (almost as long as basichelicerite width) spines; pedipalpal coxa dorsal with 2 short curved apophyses (“a short but robust spine which is acutely bent forward at the distal end, and with a small tubercle exterior to it, also a further blunt tubercle at the base” [Suzuki 1969: 93]) ........................ .................................................................................................................................T. globitarsis (Thailand) Toccolus javanensis sp. nova (Figs 1–8) Type material. AMNH AK 172 % holotype “Poentjak, S.F. 1920” [Indonesia, Java Island, Jawa Barat Prov- ince, Bogor Regency, Gunung Puncak, -6.70585° 106.976°]. WWF Ecoregion: IM0167 (Western Java Mon- tane Rain Forests). Etymology. From the island of Java, to contrast with the other species, known from continental SE Asia. Description of male holotype. Measurements. ID 0.9, CL 1.9, AL 1.0, CW 2.4, AW 2.7. See Table 1 for measures of appendages. TABLE 1. Appendage measurements of Toccolus javanensis. Abbreviations: claw, pedipalpal claw; Fe, femur; Mt, metatarsus; Pa, patella; Ta, tarsus; Ti, tibia; Tr, trochanter. Tr Fe Pa Ti Mt Ta claw Pedipalpus 0.6 2.6 4.1 1.5 – 1.3 1.0 Leg I 0.3 1.7 0.6 1.4 2.3 1.4 – Leg II 0.5 2.3 0.8 ? ? ? – Leg III 0.5 2.2 0.8 1.7 2.7 ? – Leg IV 0.5 2.9 0.8 2.0 3.5 1.8 – Dorsum (Figs 1–2). Peltidium subrectangular, with sides concave. Cheliceral sockets very deep. Ocular- ium very low, ovoid, with a median small tubercle. Three ill-defined mesotergal areas, area I and II fused together. Peltidium and all free tergites smooth and unarmed. Chelicera (Figs 1–3). Basichelicerite very robust, two-thirds as long as peltidium, with bulla attenuate, armed with dorsal, dorso-ectal and dorso-mesal strong acuminate tubercles. Cheliceral hand swollen (presum- ably only in male). Dentition of fingers composed of (1) basal larger isolated teeth and (2) distal smaller grouped teeth. Teeth of movable finger in double row, forming a locking area for fixed finger. Pedipalpus (Figs 1–2, 4–5). Coxa very long, with 2 strong dentiform dorsal apophyses, anterior one very ON DINO AND TOCCOLUS FROM INDONESIA Zootaxa 1932 © 2008 Magnolia Press · 63 large, anchor-shaped and ventro ectal subdistal setiferous tubercle. Trochanter short, with two robust ventral divergent setiferous tubercles and one dorsal setiferous tubercle. Femur straight, a little shorter than peltidium, armed dorsally with two rows of small tubercles and ventrally with a row of 6 large spines. Femur mesal sub- distal with two large spines. Patella ventro-ectally with 1 and ventro-mesally with 2 large setiferous tubercles. Tibia ventro-ectally with 4 and ventro-mesally with 3; tarsus ventro-ectal and ventro-distal with 4 large setif- erous tubercles each. Both tibia and tarsus flattened dorsally, neither bulbous nor forming a subchela with femur. FIGURE 1. Toccolus javanensis sp. nova, male holotype from Gunung Puncak, Java, habitus,
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