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Annali Di Storia Moderna E Contemporanea ISSN 1124 - 0296 ANNALI DI STORIA MODERNA E CONTEMPORANEA DIPARTIMENTO DI STORIA MODERNA E CONTEMPORANEA UUNIVERSITÀNIVERSITÀ CCATTOLICAATTOLICA DDELEL SSACROACRO CCUOREUORE 5-6 NUOVA SERIE - ANNO V-VI 2017-2018 EEDUCATTDUCATT - UUNIVERSITÀNIVERSITÀ CCATTOLICAATTOLICA DELDEL SACROSACRO CUORECUORE ANNALI DI STORIA MODERNA E CONTEMPORANEA DIPARTIMENTO DI STORIA MODERNA E CONTEMPORANEA UNIVERSITÀ CATTOLICA DEL SACRO CUORE Fondati da Cesare Mozzarelli 5-6 NUOVA SERIE - ANNO V-VI 2017-2018 Milano 2020 EDUCATT - UNIVERSITÀ CATTOLICA DEL SACRO CUORE ANNALI DI STORIA MODERNA E CONTEMPORANEA Dipartimento di Storia Moderna e Contemporanea Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Nuova Serie - Anno V-VI - 5-6/2017-2018 ISSN 1124-0296 Direttore ROBERTINO GHIRINGHELLI Comitato scientifi co ANTONIO ÁLVAREZ OSSORIO ALVARIÑO - CESARE ALZATI - GABRIELE ARCHETTI - GILIOLA BARBERO - ENRICO BERBENNI - PIETRO CAFARO - LUCA CERIOTTI - EMANUELE COLOMBO - CHIARA CONTINISIO - CINZIA CREMONINI - MASSIMO FERRARI - ROBERTINO GHIRINGHELLI - IMMACULADA LÓPEZ ORTIZ - JOAQUÌN MELGAREJO MORENO - DANIELE MONTANARI - CLAUDIO PALAZZOLO - ELENA RIVA - FRANCESCA RUSSO - FRANCESCA STROPPA - PAOLA SVERZELLATI - PAOLA VENTRONE Segreteria di redazione ANDREA TERRENI (Segretario) - GIAN FILIPPO DE SIO - MARCO DOTTI - GIACOMO LORANDI - RICCARDO SEMERARO Per la selezione dei contributi da pubblicare la rivista segue il metodo della revisione tra pari basata sull’anonimato, avvalendosi dei membri del Comitato scientifi co e di studiosi esterni italiani e stranieri. © 2020 EDUCatt - Ente per il diritto allo studio universitario dell’Università Cattolica Largo Gemelli 1 - 20123 Milano - tel. 02.7234.2234 - fax 02.80.53.215 e-mail: editoriale [email protected] (produz.) - [email protected] (distrib.) web: www.educatt.it/libri/ASMC questo volume è stato stampato nel mese di ottobre 2020 presso la Litografi a Solari - Peschiera Borromeo (Milano) con tecnologia e su carta rispettose dell’ambiente ISBN 978-88-9335-718-0 INDICE Nota editoriale 5 MATTEO MORO L’uso “politico” di cerimoniali e trattamenti nell’ambasciata milanese del marchese di Caraglio, inviato straordinario del duca Vittorio Amedeo II di Savoia presso la corte dell’arciduca Carlo d’Asburgo (1711) 7 GIACOMO LORANDI La circulation de la célébrité médicale entre Suisse et Allemagne. Le cas Théodore Tronchin (1709-1781) 27 MARIA IMMACOLATA CONDEMI Anatomia della perizia medico-legale. Scienza e sapere medico nella Verona della Restaurazione 45 RICCARDO SEMERARO The Italian Gun-making District from a Long-term Perspective: Roots, Turning Points, Evolutionary Factors 91 GILIOLA BARBERO Gian Vincenzo Pinelli, biblioteche private e database: un ordine recuperabile 119 IL PRINCIPE E LA SOVRANA: I LUOGHI, GLI AFFETTI, LA CORTE Presentazione 141 MATTHIAS SCHNETTGER In controluce. Maria Teresa e la storiografia tedesca 145 CINZIA CREMONINI Il principe e la sovrana: Trivulzio e Maria Teresa, storia di un legame politico e dei suoi sviluppi 157 4 INDICE MARINO V IGANÒ Per li rami: i Trivulzio dal XIII al XXI secolo 185 GIUSEPPE CIRILLO Al servizio degli Asburgo: i Gallio d’Alvito tra Napoli, Roma, Milano e Madrid 201 ANNAMARIA BARDAZZA «...e con ciò porre in perpetuo silenzio le loro questioni...»: il matrimonio di Antonio Tolomeo Gallio Trivulzio e Maria Gaetana Archinto 233 ANDREA TERRENI «Addio teatro, addio divertimenti». Il principe Trivulzio, i medici, i malanni e le cure 261 CRISTINA CENEDELLA Le stanze del principe. Breve storia materiale del palazzo Trivulzio in via della Signora 279 GIULIANA RICCI «Non molto nuova di pianta, ma nuova di aspetto e di vita.» La trasformazione di Milano nell’età di Maria Teresa (e di Giuseppe II) 297 MARIA T ERESA SILLANO Le carte del Principe tra archivistica e liti familiari 315 Annali di Storia moderna e contemporanea 5-6 (2017-2018) 91-118 The Italian Gun-making District from a Long-term Perspective: Roots, Turning Points, Evolutionary Factors RICCARDO SEMERARO* Il saggio ricostruisce le vicende e le trasformazioni del distretto armiero italiano in una prospettiva di lungo periodo. Lo studio analizza e rein- terpreta successi e vicissitudini della specializzazione produttiva locale alla luce di contributi e generalizzazioni che la ricerca storico-economica ha apportato al dibattito scientifico sui percorsi evolutivi dei distretti in- dustriali. L’articolo prende in considerazione i fattori di localizzazione, i punti di svolta e i protagonisti del sistema produttivo locale al fine di indagare i molteplici elementi che ne influenzarono performance e pro- cessi di adattamento al mutare del contesto istituzionale e delle condi- zioni di mercato; ad emergere è il ruolo cruciale giocato nelle dinamiche distrettuali dalla cultura artigiana di mestiere in età moderna e da spe- cifiche fabbriche nella transizione verso l’industrializzazione. Da ultimo, nel saggio vengono identificate e proposte possibili piste di ricerca da sviluppare in futuri studi. This paper analyzes from a long-term perspective the evolutionary pro- cess of the Italian gun-making district. The study reinterprets and ex- plains the successes and vicissitudes of this production specialization in light of the contributions and generalizations provided by economic his- torians to the debate on the evolutionary paths of industrial districts. The article focuses on location factors, turning points, and the most relevant actors of the local production system in order to depict the multiple elements that crucially influenced its transformations and adaptations to the challenges of the market. The paper highlights the fundamental role played by the craft culture in the early modern period, and specific factories in the transition towards industrialization. Finally, the study identifies possible future lines of research. Parole chiave: armi, distretto industriale, corporazione, sistema di fabbri- ca, Gardone Val Trompia (Italia) Keywords: firearms, industrial district, guild, factory system, Gardone Val Trompia (Italy) 92 RICCARDO SEMERARO 1. Introduction At the feet of Your Excellency, most worthy representative of the Public Majesty, the craftsmen of Gardone bow down. Born among the moun- tains, suckled on iron, raised in the smithies, from all of which they draw the sustenance that maintains them, bronzed by the endless heat of the fires, they can earn their living only by laboring with heavy hammers on the anvils. If this work is lacking, then they are deprived of life itselff1. This quotation from Giovanni Antonio Beretta (20 April 1683) is evidence of the strong ties and identification of the inhabitants of Val Trompia2 with ironworking and the gun-making industry. In this area, since the fifteenth century, the production of barrels and components, and their assembly, has been more than a simple way to make a living. The earliest historical document on this activity in the valley is a dis- patch dated 21 April 1459 sent by the Senate of the Venetian Republic to the Rectors of Brescia: an order to the local master gunsmiths for «fifty bombards for the galleys, ten breech-loading rampart guns with two breech chambers each, twenty-five wall-pieces, fifty guns and fifty thousand iron-tipped crossbow quarrels»3. Since the early modern pe- riod, the development of this industry has had its point of reference in Gardone Val Trompia (Gardone hereafter), with a highly-fragmented structure of the production process based on a pronounced phase spe- cialization. Along the centuries, the local production of civilian and mil- itary firearms has undergone periods of great prestige and utter neglect4. * Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Brescia), Orcid: <https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 4181-1064>. 1 ARCHIVIO DI STATO DI V ENEZIA (ASV), Senato, Dispacci Rettori Brescia, Filza 91, ad diem. Original version: «Ai piedi di Vostra Eccellenza, dignitissimo Rappresentante della pub- lica Maestà, s’humilia la Maestranza di Gardone. Questa, che nata fra monti, nudrita tra il ferro, allevata nelle fucine, da queste pure ricava quel sostenimento che la mantiene, e soltanto che a forza di pesanti martelli travagliando sopra le incudini, abbronzita dal continuo calor de gli accesi carboni, vaglia per campar la vita. Se questo questo lavorerio gli manca, gli manca per conseguenza la vita stessa». 2 Val Trompia is a valley (slightly more than 50 km long) in the province of Brescia, northern Italy. It is the valley of the river Mella, north of the city of Brescia, and is locat- ed between other two important valleys of the province (Val Camonica and Val Sabbia). 3 ASV, Senato, Deliberazioni Terra, Reg. 4, Fol. 104r. Original version: «Facere debent bombardas quinquafinta a galea, decem a reparo cum duabus caudis pro qualibet, spin- gardas XXV, sclopetos quinquaginta et quinquaginta millaria ferrorum veretonorum». 4 G. FOCCOLI, La cittadella delle armi, in G. ZUCCA (ed.), Antologia gardonese, Brescia, Apollonio, 1969, pp. 170-187; CAMERA DI COMMERCIO INDUSTRIA ARTIGIANATO AGRICOL- TURA DI BRESCIA, Brescia e le sue armi, «Quaderni di documentazione e analisi», 1 (1982); THE ITALIAN GUN-MAKING DISTRICT FROM A LONG-TERM PERSPECTIVE 93 The extraordinary success achieved by this local production special- ization in the second half of the twentieth century led scholars to take an interest in its historical, economic and social dynamics. Looking at the large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs ), the highly fragmented production process, and the widespread subcontract- ing practices5, some researchers have identified Gardone as the center of
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