DOCSLIB.ORG

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY and INNOVATION the Challenges of Strengthening the National Innovation System of Angola

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY and INNOVATION the Challenges of Strengthening the National Innovation System of Angola FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF MINAS GERAIS Eurico Josué Ngunga SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION The challenges of strengthening the national innovation system of Angola Belo Horizonte 2015 Eurico Josué Ngunga SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION The challenges of strengthening the National Innovation System of Angola Research Project submitted to the Doctoral degree in Education, Faculty of Education, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Advisor: Prof. Dr. Eduardo Fleury Mortimer Area of concentration: Education and Sciences Belo Horizonte 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, from the bottom of my heart I would like to thank my thesis supervisors Eduardo Mortimer and Alexandra Mallet - for their patience, encouragement, and useful time they spent working with me. Eduardo Mortimer, my principal supervisor, was an exceptional mentor, who helped me believe that everything is possible when you have a dream. His multi-skilled way of thinking the academia mindset made me a new African academic thinker. Alexandra Mallet, my co-supervisor in Canada, was also an exceptional mentor with a brilliant expertise in science, technology, and innovation, showed me a new world in doing science and living it with passion. I deeply feel fortunate to have had the opportunity working with this lovely lady at Carleton University during my one-year term in Canada. I have no words to explain my joy of meeting you in my life. Paul Dufour, a Canadian gentleman with full of joy in sharing knowledge, I owe a sincere thank you to provide me constant support since I met him in Canada. I would also like to give a special thank to Dr. David Strangway. I‘m fortunate to have had the opportunity to meet such a brilliant Canadian scientist with the Angolan heart, who introduced meto the internationalway of doing science. To the great Professors at the Faculty of Education and Economic Sciences- CEDEPLAR of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, especially Prof. Márcia Rapini an exceptional Scholar with a brilliant expertise in science, technology and innovation, and immense academic ability. This lady taught me different ways of thinking science, technology and innovation for developing countries with huge responsibility. To Professor Túlio Chiarini, I‘m pleased with his brilliant expertise in science, technology and innovation, and I sincerely thank him for the useful advises to this work. To the Institute of African Studies and Public Policy and Administration Faculty both of Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, thank you very much for the warm welcome and support during my entire stay in Canada. A special thankful to my Colleagues from the Faculty of Education and colleagues from the Faculty of Economics both from UFMG, and colleagues from the Public Policies and Administration Faculty, at Carleton University Finally, I am extremely thankful to the Ministry of Science and Technology of Angola to allowme in undertaking my field research,and to the Ministry of Higher Educationof Angola to grant me with a financial support during my entire Ph.D program. To my father, Frederico Ngunga a person of great fiber.who, with his noble Angolan blood, made me an unconditional brave man! To my gracious mother, Filomena Nanguevela ... one that, from her holly belly begged the blessing for my grateful existence! To my brothers and relatives in Brazil and Angola, the immeasurable wealth! Finally, to my children ... the continuity! Thank you !!! ABSTRACT Starting from the idea that a society‘s whole system is the product of its norms, values, practices, and history (KUADA, 2003), I believe that the process of innovation will depend on these elements for the success of sustainable development. As pointed out by the United Nations, sustainable development does not only concern the interdependent links between environment and development, but also includes a concern for issues such as human rights, population, housing, food security and gender that are important parts of sustainable human development (www.unesco.org, accessed in 11/11/2014). These elements underscore a range of knowledge and skills that will serve as a lever for the development of a society, through its scientific and technological actions. The objective of this study was to analyze and discuss the specific challenges of strengthening a National System of Science, Technology and Innovation (NIS)1 in Angola, in order to put the country into the pathway of development, and to reduce existing asymmetries between its people. Determinants such as culture, history, the struggle for independence, civil war, educational processes and the gaps among peripheral countries and the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries were crucial to answer the questions proposed for this work. For this purpose,I investigated the Angolans who participated in the drafting of the National Policy on Science, Technology, and Innovation of Angola. In this vein, following several readings from various sources related to STIP, an attempt was made to perceive and analyze the strategies around the systematization of these policies for socio-economic development, taking into account the new socio-political scenario and Angola‘s aspirations for economic development in the period following the civil war that lasted 27 years. Moreover, I augmented with a survey on three institutions located across the country in order to strengthening the approach around the difficulties they have been facing in the post civil war. One of the big issues is the struggle to rebuild infrastructure destroyed during that hard moment. Several research techniques were combined: in-depth interviews with senior stakeholders from the Ministry of Science and Technology and Rectors, and an analysis of secondary sources. I also used a checklist to survey and verify statistical data. The overall findings are that Angola still does not have in its structures, capabilities to effectively monitor, and control the challenges perpetrated by the global economic market. This landscape puts the country almost always in a lower position in the field of R&D, and knowledge transfer, including trade. Thus, concluding, Angola‘s national system of innovation is currently incipient and its level of unpreparedness and instability requires improvements in its institutional structures and training in order to effect socio-economic development. Keywords: innovation, innovation system, economic development, civil war, sustainable development, Angola. 1From a general perspective, Pavitt (1984) which provides a definition about the national innovation system as a set of institutions involved in the generation, commercialization, and diffusion of new and improved processes and services products. Also, in terms of incentive structure, Innovation System plays a core role to exert an influence on the rate and direction of change that will derive from the changes in technology institutions. RESUMO Partindo da ideia de que todo o sistema de uma sociedade é o produto de suas normas, valores, práticas e história (KUADA, 2003), acredito que o processo de inovação dependerá desses elementos para o sucesso do desenvolvimento sustentável. Como apontado pelas Nações Unidas, o desenvolvimento sustentável não diz apenas respeito às ligações interdependentes entre meio ambiente e desenvolvimento, mas inclui também uma preocupação com questões como os direitos humanos, população, habitação, segurança alimentar e de gênero que são partes importantes do desenvolvimento humano sustentável (www.unesco.org, acessado em 2014/11/11). Estes elementos sublinham uma gama de conhecimentos e habilidades que servirá como uma alavanca para o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade, por meio das suas ações científicas e tecnológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e discutir os desafios específicos de fortalecer o Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (NIS) de Angola, a fim de colocar o país no caminho do desenvolvimento e reduzir as assimetrias existentes entre seus povos. Fatores determinantes, tais como a cultura, a história, a luta pela independência, a guerra civil, os processos de ensino e as lacunas entre os países periféricos e da Organização de Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Económico (OCDE) foram cruciais para responder as questões propostas neste trabalho. Para essa finalidade, foram investigados angolanos que participaram na elaboração da Política Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação de Angola. Nesse sentido, foi feita uma sequência de leituras de diversas fontes, relacionadas com PCTI, como tentativa de perceber e analisar as estratégias em torno da sistematização dessas políticas para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico, tendo em conta o novo cenário sócio-político e as aspirações de Angola para desenvolvimento econômico no período que se seguiu à guerra civil que durou 27 anos. Além disso, este trabalho foi robustecido com uma pesquisa em três instituições localizadas no país, a fim de reforçar a abordagem em torno das dificuldades que o país vem enfrentando neste momento de pós-guerra civil. Efetivamente, uma das grandes questões enquadra-se na luta para reconstruir as infraestruturas destruídas durante aquele difícil momento. Várias técnicas de pesquisa foram combinados: entrevistas em profundidade com os participantes do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia e de Reitores, análises de documentos das instituições envolvidas e de fontes secundárias. Os resultados indicam que Angola ainda não tem capacidade de efetivamente gerir e controlar os desafios perpetrados pelo mercado econômico
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analysing Disrupted Health Sectors a Modular Manual
    Analysing Disrupted Health Sectors A Modular Manual Department of Recovery and Transition Programmes Health Action in Crises World Health Organization SOLELY FOR USE DURING THE “ANALYSING DISRUPTED HEALTH SYSTEMS IN COUNTRIES IN CRISES” DRAFTJune 2009 COURSE © World Health Organization 2009 All rights reserved. WHO/HAC/MAN/2008.8.rev.1 This is a draft version of the manual and it is printed for the use of the “Analysing Disrupted Health Systems in Countries in Crises” course only. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Status on Health Sciences Research Productivity Pertaining to Angola up to 2014 Maria Do Rosário Sambo* and Albano V
    Sambo and Ferreira Health Research Policy and Systems (2015) 13:32 DOI 10.1186/s12961-015-0021-z RESEARCH Open Access Current status on health sciences research productivity pertaining to Angola up to 2014 Maria do Rosário Sambo* and Albano V. L. Ferreira Abstract Background: Health research driven by the healthcare demands of the population can provide an informative evidence base to support decision-making processes on health policies, programmes, and practices. This paper surveyed the production of scientific research concerning health in Angola, specifically to access the publication rate over time, the main research topics and scientific fields, and the contribution of Angolan researchers and institutions. Methods: The study focused on data collected in a retrospective literature search in Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) as of June 8, 2014, with the keyword “Angola” and on content information in correspondent publications deposited in PubMed. Results: BVS generated 1,029 hits, 74.6 % of which were deposited in PubMed where 301 abstracts were described. From 1979 to 2003, there were 62 publications and in 2004–2013 the quantity increased four-fold (n = 232); malaria was the most frequent topic (n = 42). Angola was the country with the largest number of publications, taking into account the primary affiliation of the first author (n = 45). Universities, institutes, or research centres accounted for 65 % of the publications and in descending order Portugal, Brazil, and the United States of America occupied the three first positions. Epidemiology was by far the most frequent field of research (n = 165). Conclusions: The number of publications has increased steadily over the past 10 years, with predominance on malaria topics.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Global Financial Crisis on Funding for Health Development In
    Kirigia et al. BMC International Health and Human Rights 2011, 11:4 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/11/4 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Effects of global financial crisis on funding for health development in nineteen countries of the WHO African Region Joses M Kirigia*, Benjamin M Nganda, Chris N Mwikisa and Bernardino Cardoso Abstract Background: There is ample evidence in Asia and Latin America showing that past economic crises resulted in cuts in expenditures on health, lower utilization of health services, and deterioration of child and maternal nutrition and health outcomes. Evidence on the impact of past economic crises on health sector in Africa is lacking. The objectives of this article are to present the findings of a quick survey conducted among countries of the WHO African Region to monitor the effects of global financial crisis on funding for health development; and to discuss the way forward. Methods: This is a descriptive study. A questionnaire was prepared and sent by email to all the 46 Member States in the WHO African Region through the WHO Country Office for facilitation and follow up. The questionnaires were completed by directors of policy and planning in ministries of health. The data were entered and analyzed in Excel spreadsheet. The main limitations of this study were that authors did not ask whether other relevant sectors were consulted in the process of completing the survey questionnaire; and that the overall response rate was low. Results: The main findings were as follows: the response rate was 41.3% (19/46
    [Show full text]
  • Norwegian Actors' Engagement in Global Health to Contents the New Goals Must Be Simple and Measurable, Necessitating the Need for Clarity and Good Data
    Meld.St. 11 (2011-2012) (white paper) Global health in foreign and development policy (2011-2012) Meld.St. 11 Meld.St. 11 (2011-2012) (white paper) Global health in foreign and development policy Norwegian actors' engagement in global health Commitments to global health by Norwegian actors Content Foreword Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Espen Barth Eide, Minister of Foreign Affairs Health Services Heikki Eidsvoll Holmås, Minister of Magne Nylenna, Chief Executive 26 International Development Jonas Gahr Støre, Minister of Health Haukeland University Hospital (HUS) and Care Services 4 Jon Wigum Dahl, Director 28 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Oslo University Hospital Gry Larsen and Arvinn Eikeland Gadgil Kristin Schjølberg Hanche-Olsen State Secretaries 6 Head of Section 30 Ministry of Health and Care Services Statistics Norway (HOD) Bjørn Kjetil Getz Wold, Head of Division 32 Nina Tangnæs Grønvold, State Secretary 8 Sørlandet Hospital Ministry of Children, Equality Anders Wahlstedt, International Coordinator 34 and Social Inclusion Ahmad Ghanizadeh, State Secretary 10 Norwegian Health Network for Development Ministry of Agriculture and Food 12 Anders Wahlstedt, Chair of the Board 35 Norwegian Directorate of Health Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) Bjørn Guldvog, Director 14 Ottar Mæstad, Director 36 Norad Fafo Villa Kulild, Director General 16 Jon Pedersen, Managing Director 38 The Research Council of Norway Norwegian Forum for Global Health Mari Kristine Nes, Director General 18 Research (The Forum) Inger B. Sheel, Chair of the Board 40 FK Norway (Fredskorpset) Nita Kapoor, Director General 20 Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) Henrik Urdal, Senior Researcher 42 Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) Faculty of Medicine, NTNU Camilla Stoltenberg, Director General 22 Stig A.
    [Show full text]
  • SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY and INNOVATION the Challenges of Strengthening the National Innovation System of Angola
    FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF MINAS GERAIS Eurico Josué Ngunga SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION The challenges of strengthening the national innovation system of Angola Belo Horizonte 2015 Eurico Josué Ngunga SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION The challenges of strengthening the National Innovation System of Angola Thesis submitted to the Doctoral degree in Economics, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, from the bottom of my heart I would like to thank my thesis supervisors Eduardo Mortimer and Alexandra Mallet - for their patience, encouragement, and useful time they spent working with me. Eduardo Mortimer, my principal supervisor, was an exceptional mentor, who helped me believe that everything is possible when you have a dream. His multi-skilled way of thinking the academia mindset made me a new African academic thinker. Alexandra Mallet, my co-supervisor in Canada, was also an exceptional mentor with a brilliant expertise in science, technology, and innovation, showed me a new world in doing science and living it with passion. I deeply feel fortunate to have had the opportunity working with this lovely lady at Carleton University during my one-year term in Canada. I have no words to explain my joy of meeting you in my life. Paul Dufour, a Canadian gentleman with full of joy in sharing knowledge, I owe a sincere thank you to provide me constant support since I met him in Canada. I would also like to give a special thank to Dr. David Strangway. I’m fortunate to have had the opportunity to meet such a brilliant Canadian scientist with the Angolan heart, who introduced me to the international way of doing science.
    [Show full text]
  • World Health Organization
    AFR/RC67/INF.DOC/7 31 August 2017 REGIONAL COMMITTEE FOR AFRICA ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Sixty-seventh session Victoria Falls, Republic of Zimbabwe, 28 August–1 September 2017 Agenda item 19.7 PROGRESS REPORT ON THE AFRICAN PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY FUND Information Document CONTENTS Paragraphs BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................... 1–5 PROGRESS MADE/ACTION TAKEN .......................................................................................... 6–13 NEXT STEPS ................................................................................................................................ 14–18 ANNEXES Page 1. Status of funds disbursement and utilization as of 12 July 2017 ..................................................... 3 2. Status of Member States' Contributions and Disbursements as of 12 July 2017 .............................. 6 3. Scale of assessment and proposed new reduced yearly contributions by Member States to APHEF .......................................................................................................................................... 8 AFR/RC67/INF.DOC/7 Page 1 BACKGROUND 1. The African Public Health Emergency Fund (APHEF or the Fund) was endorsed by the Regional Committee and the African Union in 2012. The purpose of the Fund is to provide catalytic resources for initiating timely responses to public health emergencies. 2. Despite all the commitments made, actual contributions to APHEF have remained low.
    [Show full text]
  • Angola Health System Assessment 2010
    ANGOLA HEALTH SYSTEM ASSESSMENT 2010 July 2010 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Catherine Connor (Abt Associates Inc.), Denise Averbug (Abt Associates Inc.) and Maria Miralles (International Relief and Development) for the Health Systems 20/20 project. Mission The Health Systems 20/20 cooperative agreement, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) for the period 2006-2011, helps USAID-supported countries address health system barriers to the use of life-saving priority health services. Health Systems 20/20 works to strengthen health systems through integrated approaches to improving financing, governance, and operations, and building sustainable capacity of local institutions. July 2010 For additional copies of this report, please email [email protected] or visit our website at www.healthsystems2020.org Cooperative Agreement No.: GHS-A-00-06-00010-00 Submitted to: Robert Emrey, CTO Health Systems Division Office of Health, Infectious Disease and Nutrition Bureau for Global Health United States Agency for International Development Recommended Citation: Connor, Catherine, Denise Averbug, and Maria Miralles. July 2010. Angola Health System Assessment 2010. Bethesda, MD: Health Systems 20/20, Abt Associates Inc. Abt Associates Inc. I 4550 Montgomery Avenue I Suite 800 North I Bethesda, Maryland 20814 I P: 301.347.5000 I F: 301.913.9061 I www.healthsystems2020.org I www.abtassociates.com In collaboration with: I Aga Khan Foundation
    [Show full text]
  • Providing Health Care Under Adverse Conditions: Health Personnel Performance & Individual Coping Strategies
    Providing health care under adverse conditions: Health personnel performance & individual coping strategies Paulo Ferrinho & Wim Van Lerberghe Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy, 16, 2000 Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy, 16, 1999 Series editors: W. Van Lerberghe, G. Kegels, V. De Brouwere ©ITGPress, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. E-mail : [email protected] Paulo Ferrinho and Wim Van Lerberghe, ed. Providing health care under adverse circumstances: Health personnel performance & individual coping strategies D/2000/0450/3 ISBN 90-76070-18-0 ISSN 1370-6462 The publication of this book was made possible through the support of the Na- tionale Bank van België, INCO-DC research contracts nrs: IC18-CT96-0108, IC18-CT98-0347 and IC18-CT98-0346, and the Associação Garcia de Orta. Studies in HSO&P, 16, 2000 Performance, working conditions and coping strategies: an introduction Wim Van Lerberghe, Margaret Luck, Vincent De Brouwere, Guy Kegels and Paulo Ferrinho One of the basic reasons underlying health care reform efforts, however varied these may be in scope or comprehensiveness or speed or intensity, is the widely-shared suspicion that health services perform less well than they should and could do. As health systems are essentially made up of people, improving performance would first have to focus on them– even acknowl- edging that working environment plays a crucial role. The management of human resources is one of the most important de- terminants of the success or failure of health sector reform. Despite man- agement reforms and staff training efforts, many public sector organisations have had little success in improving the performance of their staff.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward Building Resilient Pharmaceutical Systems
    TOWARD BUILDING RESILIENT PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS: SIAPS FINAL REPORT Cover Photo © 2017 Magali Rochat/VectorWorks, Courtesy of Photoshare This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the US Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of cooperative agreement number AID-OAA-A-11-00021. The contents are the responsibility of Management Sciences for Health and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. About SIAPS The goal of the Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS) Program is to ensure the availability of quality pharmaceutical products and effective pharmaceutical services to achieve desired health outcomes. Toward this end, the SIAPS result areas include improving governance, building capacity for pharmaceutical management and services, addressing information needed for decision-making in the pharmaceutical sector, strengthening financing strategies and mechanisms to improve access to medicines, and increasing quality pharmaceutical services. Recommended Citation This report may be reproduced if credit is given to SIAPS. Please use the following citation. Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services. 2018. Toward Building Resilient Pharmaceutical Systems: SIAPS Final Report. Submitted to the US Agency for International Development by the Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS) Program. Arlington, VA: Management Sciences for Health. Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services Pharmaceuticals and Health Technologies Group Management Sciences for Health 4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 400 Arlington, VA 22203 USA Telephone: 703.524.6575 Fax: 703.524.7898 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.siapsprogram.org © 2017 Md. Akram Ali, Courtesy of Photoshare TabLE OF CONTENts Acronyms and Abbreviations .
    [Show full text]
  • Sidas Support to the Health Sector in Angola 1977–2006
    Healthy Support? Healthy Support? Sidas Support to the Health Sector in Angola 1977–2006 Healthy Support? Sida Support to the Health Sector in Angola 1977–2006 Sidas Support to the Health Angola is emerging from decades of war with an infrastructure in ruins and some of the worst health indicators in the world. Sweden has Sector in Angola 1977–2006 supported the health sector in Angola since independence in 1975 up until 2006, when the last development cooperation programmes were Kajsa Pehrsson phased-out. This study describes Swedish health support over 30 Lillemor Andersson-Brolin years and the motives behind it. It also analyzes to what extent Staffan Salmonsson development cooperation efforts have contributed to improved health in Angola. Sida Evaluation 07/50 SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY Department for Democracy and Social Development Address: SE-105 25 Stockholm, Sweden. Visiting address: Valhallavägen 199, Stockholm. Tel: +46 8 698 50 00. Fax: +46 8 20 88 64. E-mail: [email protected] www.sida.se Sida EVALUATION 07/50 Healthy Support? Sida’s Support to the Health Sector in Angola 1977–2006 Kajsa Pehrsson Lillemor Andersson-Brolin Staffan Salmonsson Sida EVALUATION 07/50 This report is part of Sida Evaluations, a series comprising evaluations of Swedish development assistance. Sida’s other series concerned with evaluations, Sida Studies in Evaluation, concerns methodologically oriented studies commissioned by Sida. Both series are administered by the Department for Evaluation and Internal Audit, an independent department reporting directly to Sida’s Board of Directors. This publication can be downloaded/ordered from: http://www.sida.se/publications Authors: Kajsa Pehrsson, Lillemor Andersson-Brolin, Staffan Salmonsson.
    [Show full text]
  • Responding to the AIDS Epidemic in Angola Brian G
    Responding to the AIDS epidemic in Angola Brian G. Williams South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch, South Africa Correspondence to [email protected] Summary The epidemic of HIV in Angola started later and stabilized at lower levels than in most countries in southern Africa. Some studies suggest that certain high risk groups account for a substantial part of the total number of infections. With a relatively small population and a relatively high gross domestic product, Angola is in a good position to intervene decisively to control HIV. The effectiveness, availability and affordability of potent anti-retroviral therapy (ART) make it possible to contemplate ending the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Angola. In this paper we consider what would have happened without ART, the No ART counterfactual, the impact on the epidemic if the current roll-out of ART is maintained, the ‘Current Programme’, the impact if coverage is rapidly increased to reach 90% of people with CD4+ cell counts below 350/μL by 2015 and HIV-positive pregnant women are all offered ART for life (‘Option B+’), the ‘Accelerated Programme’, and what might be possible under the 2013 guidelines from the World Health Organization, starting in 2015 and reaching full coverage of ART by 2018, the Expanded Programme. Current Programme The number of people receiving ART in Angola has doubled in the last 3 years from 20 thousand in 2009 to 42 thousand in 2012. Compared to the No ART counter-factual the Current Programme will, by 2015, reduce the prevalence of HIV among adults not on ART from 2.5% to 1.8%, the annual incidence from 0.24% to 0.18%, and AIDS related deaths from 0.20% to 0.10% p.a.
    [Show full text]
  • Outbreaks and Emergencies Bulletin Content 1. Introduction
    Health Security and Emergencies Cluster Outbreaks and Emergencies Bulletin Vol. 6 Issue 4, 30 June 2016 Content 1. Introduction Introduction The aim of this bulletin is to provide information on public health events and emer- Overview of Public Health gencies to Member States, public health and health emergency professionals, Events in the WHO African health development partners and the wider audience on the status of outbreaks and Region health emergencies in the WHO African region. Yellow Fever outbreaks This issue focuses on the Yellow fever, Cholera, Zika Virus Disease and Chikungu- Cholera outbreaks nya outbreaks. Zika virus disease outbreak During the period under review, there have been protracted urban Yellow Fever (YF) outbreaks in Angola that have spread to the neighboring DR Congo and there Other ongoing outbreaks have been exported cases to China and Kenya. Another outbreak of Yellow Fever was reported in Uganda but was not epidemiologically linked to the Angola or DR Cholera outbreak in DR Congo Congo outbreaks . The Uganda YF outbreak was rapidly and effectively contained. Chikungunya in Kenya Cholera outbreaks have been the most protracted public health events (PHEs) in Discussion the period under review affecting 15 countries. Tanzania, DR Congo and Kenya being the most affected. The cholera outbreak in DR Congo shows no signs of de- Conclusion cline since the beginning of the outbreak. Other major outbreaks that were reported during the period under review were: Chikungunya in Kenya and Dengue in Seychelles. Moreover, protracted and escalated humanitarian crises in the Central African Re- public, South Sudan and Burundi were associated with displacement of thousands of people and resulted in major health consequences.
    [Show full text]