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Energy Efficiency Improvements (E Motors 220 (VAC) / 5 Iciency Vol. 18, n.º 4, pp. 57-70, 2019 UIS Engineering Magazine Magazine page : revistas.uis.edu.co/index.php/revistauisingenierias Energy efficiency improvements (EE) in synchronous single -phase motors 220 (VAC) / 50 (Hz), PMSM type Anderson, Ibar Federico 1 1Category III Researcher, CyT-FBA-UNLP Secr etariat, Department of Industrial Design , National University of La Plata. La Plata, Argentine Republic. Email: [email protected] Received: January 17, 2019. Accepted: May 11, 2019. Final version: August 5 , 2019 Abstract Taking into account the importance of the Energy Efficiency (EE), especially the one referring to the single -phase electric power, of domiciliary and commercial consumption. The problem of the environmental impact (carbon footprint) that is being generated, means an opportunity for the development of more efficient products in the consumption of electric energy (final objective). In clear orientation with this ethical line of Dis. Ind., We worked with our own Ecodesing methodology, fo cused on the fifth stage of life cycle analysis (LCA): efficient use of electric energy. The purpose was to develop a synchronous motor of type PMSM of 220 (volts), 50 (Hz) of alternating current (AC); to be used in fans, air conditioners and other cooling systems: air forcers, etcetera. The main result obtained was the reduction of 52% of the active power (W), without loss of speed (revolutions per minute) of the blades. As a final conclusion we can say that there was a saving of 58% consumption of active electric power (kWh). Keywords: energy efficiency, electric power, AC machine, synchronous machine, fan 1. Introducción to keep an environment cool, represents almost 20% of the total electricity used in buildings around the world today. According to the World Energy Outlook 2017 [1] published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) In the Argentin e Republic, CAMMESA annual reports: there are some trends in the global energy system, 2007/16 [3] indicate that during that period there was a where electric motors will represent a third of the 45% increase in electricity consumption in all sectors, increase in demand for electric energy. This increase which means a problem in generation and transmission. means that millions of homes will add appliances and Therefore, it becomes a necessity all the measures th at can refrigeration systems. Recently the Agency published a be taken in the sense of Energy Efficiency (EE) [4]; which very complete study [2] on the situation of the use of air on the other hand means an opportunity for the design and conditioni ng in the world, where it is detailed that its development of more efficient industrial products in the use together with electric fans to keep an environment consumption of electric energy. In clear orientation with cool, represents almost 20% of the total electricity used the ethical line of carbon footprint reduction. in buildings around the world today. The carbon footprint is known as greenhouse gases Recently the Agency published a very complete study [2] (GHG) emitted by direct or indirect effect of an on the situation of the use of air conditioning in the world, individual, organization, event or product. Such where it is detailed that its use together with electric fans environmental impact is measured by conducting a GHG emissions inventory or a life cycle analysis (LCA) ISSN printed: 1657 - 4583. ISSN on line: 2145 – 8456, CC BY-ND 4.0 I. Anderson, “ Energy efficiency improvements (EE) in synchronous single -phase motors 220 (VAC) / 50 (Hz), PMSM type ” Rev. UIS Ing. , vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 57-70, 2019. doi: 10.18273/revuin.v18n4 -2019005 2 I. Anderson 4 [5], in English: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) [6]. 1.3. Degree of technological relevance Following regulations such as the one adopted in Spanish UNE-EN ISO 14040 [7], based on the The Ministry of Energy of the Nation [11] in the international standard ISO 14044 [8]. Republic of Argentina, has a Subsecretariat of Savings and Energy Efficiency (EE) [12] created by Presidential This information has been obtained from the Ecodesign Decree 231/15 [13], which indicates the political and Postgraduate Course, by Ing. Guillermo Canale et al., strategic relevance that for the country it owns the EE, Department of Industrial Design, National University of to reduce the consumption of electrical energy. La Plata, Argentina. In effect, the Ecodesign is a Translated into policies [14] for intelligent use [15] and methodological tool for the Industrial Design of responsible for energy in various areas such as: products. education, productive sectors, building and public sector, transportation, etc. 1.2. Technological novelty and hypothesis in The national political and strategic importance is Industrial Design manifested in an EE portal [16] on the government website. Where is the label [17] of EE, IRAM Standard The novelty to build this technology less expensive 62480: 2017, with useful advice for both the responsible (economically) and less complex (electronically) is to use (saving or reduction of energy consumption) and use other technologies previously existing in the market efficient use (optimize the use of such energy, using the and recombine them in a new way (novel, original) in same or less quantity). In other words, EE means such a way that the definition of novelty of the Invention producing the same or more with less energy. Patent Law (Law 24481), and utility models; as the Law in the Republic of Argentina states: “d) There will be With a special section and an EE guide for electric inventive activity when the creative process or its results motors [18], which saves money and increases are not deduced from the state of the art in an evident competitiveness. way for a person normally versed in the corresponding technical matter.” [9, Article 4 °, Inc. D] With a clear objective of incorporating EE into formal education at the three mandatory levels (primary, Indeed, the novelty is that the abundant bibliography of secondary and tertiary). Promote agreements and electrical engineering and electrical machines, says that agreements with universities, business chambers, civil the so-called speed control circuits of a-synchronous (or society organizations and all those institutions whose asynchronous) induction electric motors of medium and objective is to improve the EE. low power alternating current (AC), They are made by electronic devices of semiconductor materials. From a nominal power of 300 (W) to 5000 (W), the induction 1.4. Degree of technological relevance motors (a-synchronous) that can be controlled correspond to those of the type developed in the patent We measure the relevance of technological innovation No. 381,968 of Nikola Tesla, in the year: 1 of May 1888 at the local level from the catalog for the National [10]. Technological Innovation Contest: INNOVAR [19]. Dependent of the former Ministry of Science and The hypothesis that guides this work is based on the fact Technology of the Nation (MINCYT). that said electronic power control circuits by bi- directional semiconductor materials (Triac) can be In 2017, the project was selected for the 2017 MINCYT applied to a-synchronous motors, but also to Tecnópolis Expo and was registered in the digital synchronous (or synchronous) PMSM (Permanent) catalog [20] and also on paper support. motors. Magnet Synchronous Motor) or permanent magnet synchronous motors; either of ferrite magnets of Although there are no explicit plans and other 4000 (Gauss) or rare earth neodymium (Nd2Fe14B) of information on the project design, only the product great intensity of magnetic field: between 12 and 14 photos and a brief description, which guarantees - thousand Gauss (1.2-1.4 Tesla). according to Law 24481: This is the main novelty on which it bases the Article 5 - The disclosure of an invention will not hypothesis of technological development. affect its novelty, when within one (1) year prior to the date of filing of the patent application or, where appropriate, of the recognized priority, the inventor Turbo electric fan 220 (VAC) / 50 (Hz), Energy Efficient (EE) 3 or his successors have disclosed the invention by any means of communication or exhibited in a Figure 2. National Contest Catalog INNOVAR 2017, national or international exhibition. When the MINCyT de la Nación. Source: digital catalog: corresponding application is submitted, the https://mia.gob.ar/uploads/innovate/catalogo_innovar_2017.pd supporting documentation must be included in the f conditions established by the regulations of this law. [9, Article 5] 1.5. Product presentation (photos) of technological innovation. INNOVAR 2017 Catalog, Ministry of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation (MINCyT) of the Nation Figure 3. This photo is from the 1st prototype of the year 2017 and as such corresponds to the capture of the digital catalog of the National INNOVAR 2017 Contest, MINCyT of the Nation. Project ID: 21351 PMSM electric ecomotor (reduces energy consumption), see link (pages 206-207): https://mia.gob.ar/uploads/innovate/catalogo_innovar_2017.pd f Source: own elaboration. Figure 1. Catalog of the year 2017, of the National INNOVAR 2017 Contest, MINCyT de la Nación. Argentinian republic. Next to the 2nd prototype of the year 2018. Source: own elaboration. Figure 4. Photo of the 2nd prototype of the year 2018, the test bench is observed, with laser photo-tachometer, power meter or electric power consumption meter (kWh), wattmeter, True RMS clamp meter (AC) and voltmeter of alternating current (AC) True RMS. Source: self made. 2. Product development methodology Following an Industrial Design methodology (Eco- Design) combined with Mecatr., The distinct stages were five: 1) Generation of the innovative idea (Industrial Design concept argued from Physical Science: electricity and magnetism) based on the use of thyristors as an electronic foundation (Triacs). 4 I. Anderson 4 3) The drawing and / or CAD design of the mechatronic headquarters, Province of Entre Ríos), also to LIDDI circuit (electrical and mechanical) regulated by an (Laboratory of the Department of Industrial Design of electronic open loop control.
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