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A Journey to the Heart of the Island

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Sicily A journey to the heart of the island Discovering the colours, flavours and rites of the biggest island in the Mediterranean sea Regione Siciliana POR Sicilia UNIONE EUROPEA Assessorato Turismo, 2000-2006 Fondo Europeo Trasporti e Comunicazioni Misura 4.18 a/b Sviluppo Regionale www.regione.sicilia.it/turismo A journeySicily to the heart of the island Discovering the colours, flavours and rites of the biggest island in the Mediterranean sea index Knowing Sicily A paradise made of sea and sun island Treasure oasi Green pag 04 pag 12 pag 22 pag 54 Language ......................... 6 Among shores, The early settlements ..... 24 Regional parks ............... 56 cliffs and beaches .......... 14 Documents and Exchange . 6 The Greek domination .... 26 Reserves and The fishing villages, the protected areas .............. 58 The weather and what The Roman civilization ... 32 fishing tourism and wearing ............................ 6 The Arab-Norman period .. 34 Outdoor sports................ 60 the sea cooking .............. 16 Festivities ......................... 7 Frederick II and the Country tourism Minor Islands and marine Swabians ....................... 38 and baths ...................... 62 Trasportation .................... 7 protected areas: a paradise Medieval Sicily ............... 42 Roads ............................... 8 for diving and snorkelling .. 18 The explosion of Emergency numbers ........ 8 Marina Charters, tourist 02 harbours and the Baroque..................... 45 Geography ........................ 8 aquatic sports ................. 20 Bourbon’s age ................ 48 History ............................ 10 The Florio’s splendour .... 50 The museums ................ 52 The memory of the Island An island opened all the year Master in hosting Maps of the provinces pag 64 pag 76 pag 86 pag 100 The non-material Religious celebrations .... 78 The routes of wine ......... 88 Palermo ........................ 102 heritage register ............. 66 Theatre and Gastronomy .................... 90 Messina ....................... 104 The existing human Music Events .................. 80 Road food and the ancient Catania ......................... 106 treasures book ............... 67 Between Culture and markets .......................... 94 Siracusa ....................... 108 The expressions book..... 68 Folklore .......................... 82 Craftsmanship ................ 96 Ragusa ......................... 110 The places book ............. 71 Sport events ................... 84 Hotel Accommodation .... 98 Agrigento ...................... 112 The productive knowledge book ............. 73 Trapani ......................... 114 The celebrations book .... 74 Caltanissetta ................ 116 03 Enna ............................. 118 testo...Knowing Sicily All you need to know for a holiday in Sicily Big photo, with details of artistic ceramics of Caltagirone (CT). Above, the Cathedral of Cefalù (PA); below, the mouth of the Belice River Reserve, Castelvetrano (TP). 6 Knowing Sicily Language Italian is the official spoken language of the whole region. The Sicilian dialect, with its different local inflexions, is very widespread. Languages coming from Greek- Albanian origin still survive, as well as dialects of French and Lombard influence, the modern Arab is widespread amid the immigrant people who especially live in the area of Mazara del Vallo. Documents and Exchange The identity card for the UE area people and the passport for others countries. The Euro is the current exchange. The weather and what wearing The climate is typically Mediterranean, characterized by long hot summers, dry and sultry in the interior area, more ventilated near the sea. Spring and autumn are the best season for tourism. Catania holds the European record for sunshine. There’s snow and rigorous temperature on the Mount Etna as usual in winter, as well as on the top of the Nebrodi and Madonie. Spring can be rainy or sunny with very mild temperatures depending on the year. It’s advisable wearing very light and comfortable clothes (shorts, sandals, t-shirt) Typical shop in summer; but it’s fine to wear jackets, wool pullovers and shoes Palazzo Filangeri Cutò, Santa Margherita Belice (AG) Knowing Sicily 7 suitable for cold temperatures if you visit the mountain areas in winter. Trousers and cotton pullovers are sufficient to face the pleasant evenings in the open air in autumn and spring. Festivities The festivities calendar is the same of the national one: New Year’s Day (January 1st), Epiphany (January 6th), Easter and Easter Monday (March or April), Independence Day (April 25th), May Day (May 1st), Republic Day (June 2), August Bank Holiday (August 15th), All Saints’Day November (1st ), Immaculate Conception (December 8th), Christmas Day and St. Stephen’s Day (December 25th and 26th). Moreover, each small city celebrates its patron saint with a feast. Trasportation You can reach Sicily by plane, landing at the Falcone e Borsellino Events - Jazz concerts International Airport (Palermo), Fontanarossa (Catania), V. Florio (Trapani-Birgi). From Palermo, Catania and Trapani the flights leave to Lampedusa and Pantelleria islands. The main touristic ports for cruises and ferries are in Palermo, Trapani, Messina, Catania, Siracusa, Porto Empedocle, Mazara del Vallo, Milazzo. The daily departures leave from Milazzo to the Aeolian Sunset on the saltpans, Islands, from Palermo to Ustica island, from Trapani to the Aegads Marsala (TP) 8 Knowing Sicily View of Ortigia, Syracuse Islands and Pantelleria, from Porto Empedocle to the Pelagie islands. Trenitalia links Sicily with the continent, there are railway stations in the main towns and in the principal places, but the Circumetnea links Catania with the small cities all around the Etna. The suburban bus services are efficient. Roads The motorway connects Palermo with Catania(A 19) Palermo with Messina (A 20) Messina with Catania (A 18) and Palermo with Mazara del Vallo and Trapani (A 29). The remaining roadway is efficient. It’s divided into: express way, provincial and state road, the Events - Pop concerts best for better enjoying the view. Emergency numbers Medical Emergencies 118, Carabinieri 112, Police 113, Fire Department 115, Road Assistance 116, Corps of Forest 1515. Geography The largest region in the Italian territory extending over 25.708 square kilometres, Sicily is the most heavily populated island in the Mediterranean sea and it lies only 140 km from the African coast. It lies at a distance of only three kilometres across the sea, the Strait of Messina, from Calabria. The group of the minor islands lies in the Sicilian territory in administrative terms: Ustica, the Aeolian and Lipari archipelago, the Aegadian islands, the Pelagie islands and Pantelleria. A line of mountain chains, the so-called Sicilian Appennines, lies parallel to the Tyrrhenian Sea up until that one of Calabria, and it is divided into three sections: the Peloritani, the Knowing Sicily 9 Borremans’ frescoes inside the cathedral of Caltanissetta The castle of Gresti, Aidone - Valguarnera (EN) Nebrodi or Caronie and the Madonie. Here is the Mount Carbonara, (m 1979) the highest elevation after Etna. A further line of low mountain chains, whose summit is practically not higher than a thousand metres, crosses the island diagonally, splits into the Mounts Erei and Mounts Iblei. These are considerably arid zones, characterized by sulphur, salts of potassium and rock salt mines. Mount Etna is the largest active volcano in Europe, with an elevation of 3330 m and it rises isolated above the Jonic coast amid the Alcantara and Simeto rivers. The big volcano erupting, with its snow-covered top during the larger part of the year, attract the vulcanologists and the experts from all over the world every year. Unmistakable setting of big part of the island landscape, it is surrounded by hundreds of secondary cones and covered by old and new lava outflows which create an unforgettable geological sight alternating between the Mediterranean vegetation and prickly pears. 10 Knowing Sicily History Due to its strategic position, Sicily has been inhabited since Palaeolithic and Mesolithic times as the traces found in the northern Saracen bridge, Adrano (CT) coast caves show. The earliest inhabitants were, as Thucydides said, the Sicanians, who came from Iberia (VIII-VII c. B.C.). The Elymi, perhaps Trojan exiles coming from Libia, settled in the neighbourhood of Erice and Segesta. The Siculians came from the Italian mainland and occupied the eastern area of the island. When the first Greek settlers arrived in 735 B.C., the Phoenician, who had settled in Western Sicily from Mozia to Capo Lilibeo, had to retreat. In 265 B.C. Romans took Messina, allying with the local mercenary soldiers. At the end of the Second Punic War (212 B.C.), the island was taken by the Romans who divided it into provinces and was regarded as land to be exploited to supply Rome with grain. At the end of the Gothic-Byzantine conflict in 552 A.C., Sicily became part of the Eastern Roman Empire and till the 9th century was a peripherical province. The Arab invasion and conquest of 827 endowed Sicily with its ancient splendour. The conquest started from Mazara del Vallo and finished in 902 with the fall of Taormina, while the Greek and Latin elements still prevailed in the east (the Noto and Demone Valleys). Palermo, conquered in 831, became the new flourishing capital of the semi-independent emirate of the Kalibi family. The Norman conquest of the island started in
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    NOTIZIE STORICHE SULLA TORRE DI MARMORA DEL SALICE Tramandate dall’Architetto Militare Camillo Camiliani e da altre fonti. Torre di Marmora Fonti storiche Torre Marmora del Salice Manoscritto di Tiburzio Spannocchi, ritrovato dallo storico francese Maurice Aymard presso la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid. La Sicilia di Tiburzio Spannocchi – Una Cartografia per la conoscenza e il dominio del Territorio nel secolo XVI di Corradina Polto – Istituto Geografico Militare - Firenze. Descrizione in tre libri delle coste della Sicilia di Camillo Camiliani – Ingegnero del regno di Sicilia, ritrovato da Alessandro Vitale Brovarone, presso la Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria di Torino – Sezione Manoscritti. L’Opera di Camillo Camiliani di Marina Scarlata - Istituto Poligrafico della Zecca dello Stato - Libreria dello Stato. Torri di Guardia dei Litorali di Sicilia del Marchese di Villabianca a cura di Salvo Di Matteo. Le torri nei paesaggi costieri siciliani – a cura di Ferdinando Maurici, Adriana Fresina, Fabio Militello- Regione Siciliana – Palermo 2008. Notizie introduttive Le torri costiere della Sicilia costituivano il sistema difensivo, di avvistamento e di comunicazione lungo la fascia costiera del Regno di Sicilia. In Sicilia le prime torri costiere si fanno risalire nel periodo compreso tra il 1313 ed il 1345 come baluardo della monarchia aragonese contro le incursioni della flotta angioina che da Napoli muoveva all'assalto delle coste siciliane. A partire dal 1360 invece la minaccia provenne da sud, dal nord Africa maghrebino ad opera soprattutto di pirati e corsari tunisini. La minaccia maghrebina si intensificò con il sorgere della potenza navale turca, e a partire dal 1520, il corsaro Khayr al-Din Barbarossa operò per conto dell'Impero ottomano, divenendo nel 1533 Qapudan Pashà, cioè comandante supremo della flotta turca.