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Okanagan Mountain Park Bighorn Transplant Monitoring

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Okanagan Mountain Park Bighorn Transplant Monitoring Okanagan Mountain Park Bighorn Transplant Monitoring Prepared by: Aaron Reid Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations Fish and Wildlife Section Penticton, BC July 2012 Funding provided by the Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation Executive Summary The south Okanagan California bighorn meta-population suffered a significant pneumonia related die-off in 1999, losing 70% of the population . One recommendation from the Recovery Plan, developed as a response to the die-off, was to re-introduce bighorns to suitable areas within their historic range. California bighorn were transplanted into the Okanagan Mountain Park following habitat improvement from the wildfire of 2003. In 2007, 34 bighorns were transplanted from Keremeos and in January, 2009, an additional 15 bighorn from Kamloops were released into the park to augment the original transplant. Since 2010, sightability models were used to correct bighorn survey observations for incomplete sightability in the program Aerial Survey. The model precision ranged from 24% to 44% of the estimate. The best precision (i.e. 24%) was from the November 2011 survey where the model estimated a population of 95 bighorn (CI 72-118). In November 2011 we observed a total of 67 bighorn during the flight. The estimated population was 95 (CI 90% 72-118). The total sightability correction factor (SCF) was 1.42 or 70% for the survey. Observed and estimated lamb: ewe ratios were 30 and 31 (CI: 18-44), respectively, and the observed and estimated ram: ewe ratios were 64 and 71 (CI: 45-97), respectively. We observed a total of 74 bighorn during the March 2012 survey. The estimated population was 115 (CI 90% 74-156). The total SCF was 1.55 or 65% for the survey. Observed and estimated lamb: ewe ratios were 24 and 24 (CI: 13-39), respectively and the observed and estimated ram: ewe ratios were 56 and 48 (CI: 21-75), respectively. Over the first two winters post-transplant (2007/08 and 2008/09) we documented low lamb recruitment in the newly transplant herd. Overwinter lamb ratios were < 10 lambs: 100 ewes. After the winter 2009/2010 augmentation we observed lamb ratios > 30:100 in the transplant population. These positive late winter lamb ratios continued through 2011. I calculated an observed rate of increase (r) of 0.190 for the population beginning after the augmentation in 2009 to account for the total transplant population. Given the current growth rate we would expect a doubling time of 44 months or 3.7 years. We do not know the habitat carrying capacity (K) but assuming we are under K we could see a population > 120 bighorn by 2014. Singer et al. (2000) defined measures of success for bighorn transplants based on 100 translocations across six western states between 1923 and 1997. The measure for success was defined as: unsuccessful (extirpated or remnant) = < 29 bighorn; moderately successful = 30 - 99 bighorn; and successful = 100 - 350 bighorn According to our estimates, the Okanagan Mountain Park transplant is on the threshold between moderate and successful and it is anticipated that current growth rates will place the transplant in the successful category by 2014. 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 4 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Study Area ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 Survey Methods ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Classification ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Results ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 Population Estimates ................................................................................................................................ 7 Population Growth .................................................................................................................................. 10 Distribution ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Other Species .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Discussion.................................................................................................................................................... 12 Population Estimate ................................................................................................................................ 12 Population Growth .................................................................................................................................. 14 Distribution ............................................................................................................................................. 14 Transplant Success .................................................................................................................................. 14 Future Management ............................................................................................................................... 15 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... 15 Literature Cited ........................................................................................................................................... 15 3 List of Figures Figure 1: Classification diagram for bighorn sheep from Geist 1971 (Mountain sheep: a study in behaviour and evolution) .............................................................................................................................. 6 Figure 2: Flight path and observation points scaled by group size for bighorn, mountain goat and elk in Okanagan Mountain (MU8-09) Park on November 4, 2011. ........................................................................ 8 Figure 3: Flight path and observation points scaled by group size for bighorn, mountain goat and elk in Okanagan Mountain (MU8-09) Park on March 21, 2012. ............................................................................ 9 Figure 4: fixed kernel density estimator with Hawth’s Analysis Tools in ArcGIS 9.3 to develop 95% isopleths for bighorn home range. We weighted survey data by total group size for all locations recorded during survey since 2007. ........................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 5: Observed and estimated population numbers from 6 surveys in Okanagan Mountain Park from 2009 to 2012. Estimates were derived from Program Aerial Survey (Bell 223 Sheep model). .................. 13 List of Tables Table 1: Classification of observed California bighorn sheep during aerial surveys in Okanagan Mountain Park (MU 8-09) from 2009 to 2010. .............................................................................................................. 7 Table 2: Bighorn sheep observation numbers and estimates for the Okanagan Mountain Park population (MU 8-09), surveyed on November 4, 2011. Estimated population data are corrected for incomplete sightability in the program Aerial Survey. ..................................................................................................... 7 Table 3: Bighorn sheep observation numbers and estimates for the Okanagan Mountain Park population (MU 8-09), surveyed on March 21, 2011. Estimated population data are corrected for incomplete sightability in the program Aerial Survey. ..................................................................................................... 9 Table 4: Incidental mountain goat and elk data collected during 4 surveys in Okanagan Mountain Park from November 2010 to March 2012. ........................................................................................................ 12 Table 5: Mule deer composition data, minus antler architecture, for Okanagan Mountain Park in November 2010. ......................................................................................................................................... 12 4 Introduction The South Okanagan California bighorn meta-population suffered a significant pneumonia related die-off in 1999, where 70% of the population died. One recommendation of the Recovery Plan (Harper,
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