A Compilation of the Geology and Hydrology of the Black Mountains-Bullhead City Area, Arizona
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A COMPILATION OF THE GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY OF THE BLACK MOUNTAINS-BULLHEAD CITY AREA, ARIZONA by Raymond C. Harris Arizona Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-26 December, 1998 Arizona Geological Survey _ 416 W. Congress, Suite #100, Tucson, Arizona 85701 (Includes 40 pages text) Produced in cooperation with the US Geological Survey This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for confonnity with Arizona Geological Survey standards A COMPILATION OF THE GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY OF THE BLACK MOUNTAINS-BULLHEAD CITY ARE~ ARIZONA INTRODUCTION This report presents a compilation of geologic and hydrologic information for the Bullhead City-Black Mountains area of we stem Arizona. The purpose of the project is to determine the significance of mining, geology, and geohydrology in the chemistry of Bullhead City area groundwater. Mining in the Black Mountains has taken place since the 1800s, and the region provides a good opportunity to investigate any links between mining and water quality. The study encompasses the area from the crest of the Black Mountains on the east, the Colorado River on the west, latitude 35 0 on the south and the top of township 2IN at the north (Figure 1). Information was compiled from published and unpublished sources including U.S. Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (Department of Agriculture), Arizona Geological Survey, Arizona State Land Department, Arizona Department of Water Resources, and Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. LAND STATUS AND LAND USE Land ownership in the Black Mountains-Bullhead City area includes State, Federal, Indian Reservation, and private lands. This information was obtained in digital format from the Arizona State Land Department, through the Arizona Land Resource Information System (ALRIS). (That version ofland status is digitized from 1979 BLM maps, and some changes may have occurred since that time.) Private land accounts for about 55,3p9 acres in the study area, of which approximately 12,225 acres are in patented mining claims. Federal land comprises 115,960 acres (Bureau of Land Management: 107,365 acres; Lake Mead National Recreation Area: 8,595 acres). Approxirnatelyl5,092 acres are held by the State of Arizona. Tribal land of the Fort Mohave Indian Reservation accounts for approximately 19,340 acres. Land use in the study area includes developed land (residential, commercial, industrial) at Bullhead City and Oatman, and recreation along the Colorado River and Lake Mohave, part of Lake Mead National Recreation Area. Most of the study area is open desert and hilly range land. This land, consisting of State, Bureau of Land Management, and private land outside developed areas, is used mostly for open space, and intermittent cattle grazing occurs on some portions. Patented mining claims account for approximately 12,225 acres in the study area. Most of the patented land is near Oatman. 1 GEOLOGY General An index of geologic maps covering the study area is presented in Figure 2. The maps range from very detailed studies of the Oatman area to general reconnaissance of northwestern Arizona. The index is based on those of Scarborough and Coney (1982) and Harris and others, (1994). Many of the maps cover basically the same area and rather than try to show the exact boundaries covered by each map, those that are similar are combined. The general geology of the Oatman and Katherine areas are shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively, and the study area on Sheet 1. Bedrock Basement rocks in the Black Mountains-Bullhead City area consist of Precambrian schist (1.7 Ga) intruded by granite (1.4 Ga). The granite is an anorogenic megacrystic or porphyritic ("rapakivi") granite, typical of Precambrian granites in the southwestern United States (J.L. Anderson, 1989). It commonly displays a gneissic texture and is generally weathered and crumbly (Lausen, 1931). The granite is composed ofK-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, biotite, and hornblende. A thick sequence of mid-Tertiary (30 to 15 Ma) igneous rocks covers and is faulted against Precambrian basement (Figure 3 and 4). Volcanic rocks include tuffs,fiows, and breccias oflatite, andesite, and rhyolite. At the bottom of the sequence is the Alcyone Formation, consisting of flows, tuffs, and breccias of trachyte and latite. Unconformably overlying the Alcyone are the three units comprising the "middle volcanics" of Thorson (1971). The bottom unit is the Esperanza Quartz Latite, overlain by the Oatman Andesite and Gold Road Dacite of DeWitt and others (1991), formerly known as the Gold Road Latite (Ransome, 1923). Most of the mineralization in the Oatman district is hosted by the Oatman Andesite, and to a lesser extent by the Gold Road Dacite. An upper volcanic sequence unconformably overlies the middle volcanics. Starting with the oldest, the units of the upper volcanics are the Antelope Rhyolite, Cottonwood Formation, Flag Spring Quartz Latite, and Meadow Creek Quartz Latite. Unconformably capping the "upper volcanics" is a relatively young unit of basalt flows with interbedded rhyolite ash. The lower and middle volcanics (Alcyone Formation, Oatman Andesite, and Gold Road Dacite) are intruded by the Times Porphyry, an alkali granite laccolith, and the Moss Porphyry, a tonalite-granodiorite stock Mineralization in the Oatman and Union Pass districts is controlled by faults and fracture sets associated with mid-Tertiary volcanic activity. Dominating the structural setting of the area is the proposed resurgent Alcyone caldera (Thorson, 1971). However, veins do not appear to be spatially or temporally related to the caldera and mineralization occurs only in fractures radial to the caldera (DeWitt and others, 1991). Basin Fill Fanglomerate: A thick sequence of basin-fill sediments was deposited in the Mohave Valley, in the northern part of which the study area is located. On the Nevada side of the Colorado River, about 5 miles southwest of Bullhead City is an exposure of the oldest basin-fill alluvium in the Mohave Valley, a Miocene(?) fanglomerate (Metzger and Loeltz, 1973). Although no outcrops are found on the Arizona side of the river, this unit presumably underlies much of the study area. Consisting of angular to subrounded and poorly sorted pebbles cemented in a sandy matrix, the fanglomerate was derived from a nearby source (Metzger and Loeltz, 1973). As in 2 ~ A. Mt MtTipton A. I Davis o 5 10 .' ! I I ("l{ MILES O·s\ ":0\ b'. .,. Chloride o '.. NORTHi \ ~ •• t; \~ . ;:. :::0 • 0 -I~ <. ~ rn·:::0\ . -- \. Katherine T22N .l.... ~ ...~ ...~ .. • • •nrN· iii HWY68 Davis Dam' ) >\.,. • ,:1 -• Bullhead --STUDY ..... City ! AREA "'. ..... " • ......"1tt.-- " ';::. , . ~ C·, / ~ "1 '" ""a~ ..........It> Oatman . J ~ r:t: ~ /' ) .......... -..........• . '. "'-----... '\. ................................. ............. ..... ...••. ...•. .... \ Figure 1. Location of the Black Mountains study area. 3 ~ . A Mt Mt Tipton A I Davis o 5 10 .' ! ! ! ().r MILES O· b\ -;0">,"\ 0", ...• Chloride o ". NORTHi l r ... ~ \CI> ,i:, ':tl I' ~ <, ~ m· ~ ':tl\ Hwy68 5 £. I IE- 1-41 ~ ~ I ~.,: I I I 00 ~ I I I . \AZ • " "'" Topock \ Figure 2. Index of geologic maps of the Black Mountains. References are listed on following page. 4 Figure 2 continued. Index of geologic maps of the Black Mountains. References: 1) Longwell, 1963: USGS Professional Paper 374-E, Plate 1, scale 1:125,000. 2) Metzger and Loeltz, 1973: USGS Professional Paper 486-J, Plate 1, scale 1:125,000. 3) Lausen, 1931: AZ Bureau of Mines Bulletin 131, Plate II (p. 21), scale 1:100,000. Wilson and others, 1934: AZ Bureau of Mines Bulletin 137, Figure 6 (p. 102), scale 1:100,000. Gardner, 1936: US Bureau of Mines IC 6901, Figure 9, scale 1:100,000. 4) DeWitt, 1987: SEG Guidebook, V.l, p. 29, Figure 1, scale 1: 250,000. 5) Gray and others, 1990a: USGS Bulletin 1737-D, Figure 2, scale 1:80,000. 6) Gray and others, 1990b: USGS Bulletin 1737-F, Plate 1, scale 1:62,500. Gray and others, 1990c: USGS Open-File Report 90-520, Figure 2, scale 1:163,000. 7) Durning and Buchanan, 1984: AZ Geological Society Digest 15, Figure 2, scale 1:85,00; (detailed figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 are within the area of Figure 2). Clifton and others, 1980: AIME preprint 80-143, Figure 2,scale 1:80,000 DeWitt and others, 1991:USGS Bulletin 1857-1, Fig. 2, scale 1:100,000; Fig. 9, scale 1:50,000. Ransome, 1923: USGS Bulletin 743, Plate 1, scale 1:48,000. Gardner, 1936: US Bureau of Mines IC-6901, Figure 2, scale 1:58,000. Spencer and Welty, 1989: AGS Digest 17, Figure 3, scale 1:80,000. Smith, 1984: University of Arizona M.S. Thesis, Figure 2, scale 1:48,000. Lausen, 1931: AZ Bureau of Mines Bulletin 131, Plate 1, scale 1:48,000. Wilson and others, 1934: AZ Bureau of Mines Bulletin 137, plate 1, scale 1:48,000. Marsh and McKeon, 1983: Economic Geology, V78, no. 4, Figure l,scale 1:160,000. Korzeb, 1988: US Bureau of Mines Open-File Report MLA 48-88, Figure 2, scale 1:24,000 Entire area: - Reynolds, S.J., 1986, Geologic map of Arizona: ABGMT [AZGS] Map 26, scale 1:1,000,000 - Wilson and Moore, 1959: ABM [AZGS], Geologic map of Mohave County, scale 1:375,000 - Anderson and O'Connell, 1993: US Bur Rec Seismotectonic Report 93-4, Figure 2-2, scale 1:500,000. - Lee, 1908: USGS Bulletin 352, Plate 1, scale 1:1,000,000. - Schrader, 1909: USGS Bulletin 397, Plate 1, scale 1:250,000. 5 GE.OLOGIC MAP Of THE KATHERINE DISTRICT MOHAVE COUNTY, ARIZONA. Scale o )000 zooo 3000 "000 sooofc:d I May 1:7,)1. 36 -rZ2N -...l "'- \0 7 )-< I)~ III ~: '" 18 17 16 15 14 13 'II)11/ '" 1\:1( l LEGEND P~hm T~rI18rtf.. 0!:!!!~r/Vr!/ ------ .