KILLA SAIFULLAH District Profile

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SMEDA Balochistan District Profile – Killa Saifullah

Table of Contents

1 - 1. INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 District Map Killa Saifullah...... 1 1.2 Introduction...... 2 1.3 Population...... 3 1.4 Climate ...... 3 1.5 Education...... 3 2 - INFRASTRUCTURE...... 4 2.1 Roads ...... 4 2.2 Transportation...... 4 2.3 Communications...... 5 2.4 Energy ...... 5 2.5 Banking / Financial Institutions...... 5 3 - KILLA SAIFULLAH IMPORTANT SECTORS ...... 6 3.1 SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES...... 6 3.2 AGRICULTURE/ HORTICULTURE...... 6 3.2.1 Land utilization statistics ...... 6 3.2.2 Production of different Crops ...... 7 3.2.3 Marketing ...... 8 3.3 LIVESTOCK...... 8 3.3.1 Cattle ...... 9 3.3.2 Extension services...... 9 3.4 MINING...... 9 3.4.1 Chromite ...... 10 3.5 HANDICRAFTS...... 10 3.6 POTENTIAL PROJECTS...... 10

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1 - 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 District Map Killa Saifullah

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1.2 Introduction Qilla Saifullah or Killa Saifullah (fort) district is located in the North West of Balochistan province. Killa Saifullah was notified as a district on 14th December 1988. Previously it was part of Zhob District and known as Upper Zhob sub-division. Badinai, Previously a sub-tehsil of Zhob District, was later transferred to Killa Saifullah district. After the inclusion of Badinai sub-tehsil, in Killa Saifullah district, the district was re- organized as far as administrative division is concerned. At present the district is divided into two tesils, Killa Saifullah and Muslim Bagh. Killa Saifullah comprises one tehsil (Killa Saifullah) and one sub-tehsil (Badinai). Muslim Bagh comprises Muslim Bagh tehsil and Loiband sub-tehsil. District Killa Saifullah is managed by an elected Municipal District body i.e., Dirstrict Nazim and Tehsil Nazim and the DCO. The population of Killa Saifullah district was estimated to be 216,002 in 2005. Over 99% of the people of the area are Muslims. Killa Saifullah has been famous for its agriculture/horticulture and livestock holdings. Vegetables, Almonds and apricots are popular across the country. Chromite mining is being carried in the district for decades and considered as major source of income and employment. Many NGOs are working in Killa Saifullah district especially for the Afghan refugees and host communities.

KILLASAIFULLAH'S BASIC FACT (2005-2006) KILLASAIFULLAH'S FACT (2005-2006)BASIC

Area 6,831 Sq. Km. Population 216,002

Official Language Urdu Local Languages Pashto. Major Fruits & Vegetable Almond, Apricot, Apple, Potatoes, onions, Tomatoes, Radish, and Turnip etc. Major Sectors Livestock, Agriculture / Horticulture and Minerals.

Major Town Killa Sairullah, Muslim Bagh, Badini and Loiband Twon *Source: P&D Department Balochistan.

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1.3 Population According to 1998 Census the population of the district was 193,553 while estimated population of the district in 2005 was 216,002*. The vast majority of the population of Killa Saifullah is Pakhtun.

* Population censes Organization, Islamabad

1.4 Climate The climate of the area is dry but varies with the elevation. General elevation is at 1,500- 2,200 meters above sea level. It can be placed in “warm summer and cool winter” temperature region. The winters are very cold and windy and summers are mild. Killa Saifullah district was also affected by drought. However, in recent years the rains have increased. Maximum Rainfall occurs in the month of March and in July & August. Part of the winter precipitation is in the form of snow. Frost is common and the low temperature is caused by high elevation. Kan Mehterzai situated at a height of 2,170 meters above sea level remains snow-clad in January and February when mercury remains below freezing point during the cold spells.

1.5 Education During the last decade, the number of public and private educational institutions has increased. There are two colleges providing education at intermediate level. English language centers and computer-training institutes also have started operating in Killa Saifullah town. These are being run by private sector in Killa Saifullah town.

Total number of Government and Private Schools by sex in District Killa Saifullah, (2004-2005): District Government Schools Private Schools Male Female

Killa Saifullah 361 116 5 Source: Directorate of Education, Quetta.

Total number of Intermediate and Degree Colleges at District Killa Saifullah, (2004- 2005): District Intermediate Colleges Degree Colleges Male Female Killa Saifullah 2 0 0 Source: Directorate of Education, Quetta.

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2 - INFRASTRUCTURE Killa Saifullah, an exclusively rural district is well connected with other parts of the province and country by road. Both important towns, Killa Saifullah and Muslim Bagh are located on the national highway. Buses, vans and pick-ups provide inter as well as intra-district transport. Because of the mountainous nature of the area, development of infrastructure and communications is a difficult as well as expensive task.

2.1 Roads Killa Saifullah district is linked by road with Zhob to the east and with Muslim Bagh and Provincial Capital Quetta to the west. It is also linked with Loralai district. There is no air or railway link within the district.

The total length of roads within the district is 1,109 kilometers out of which 162 km is metalled (black top). Both the Muslim Bagh-Loiband and Killa Saifullah-Sharan Jogezai- Badinai roads provide access to Afghanistan, however, most of the cross-border traffic is using the Muslim Bagh-Loiband road. There are many fair-weather tracks, most of which were made and are maintained by the villagers themselves. The non-existence of adequate road links to various areas of the district results in improper marketing of horticultural produce. Moreover, due to high maintenance cost of the vehicles moving on shingle roads or tracks, transporters demand high rates of fare, which further affects the costs and decreases profit.

Total Roads in kilometres include National Highways in Killa Saifullah. Type of National Provincial road Highway Roads

Metalled 127 162

Shingle 0 947

Total 127 1,109 Source: C&W Department & N.H.A, Quetta.

2.2 Transportation The Department of Excise and Taxation is responsible for registration of automobiles and collection of revenue from the owners. The heavy vehicles are mostly registered. Light ones are usually without registration. These illegally imported cars and motorcycles are brought from Afghanistan without paying any duty. These automobiles do not have any documentation, hence, are available for a relatively low price.

A journey from Quetta to Muslim Bagh takes about 2½ hours while it is one hour more to Killa Saifullah. From Killa Saifullah to Loralai is about 1 hour journey while 3 hours are needed for traveling to Zhob.

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2.3 Communications Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) has provided a telephonic network to some towns and villages of Killa Saifullah district. At present there are 7 auto telephone exchanges at Killa Saifullah. The total number of telephone connections in the whole district is 1,700. Customer Services Centers have been established at district Killa Saifullah which provides telecommunication facilities – like telephone and fax – as well as client services like correction of telephone bills and provision of telephone connection’s application forms.

2.4 Energy Major sources of energy in the district are electricity, LPG, wood and kerosene oil. Electricity and kerosene oil are mostly used for lighting purposes. LPG and wood are used for cooking and heating purposes. The majority of the population uses fuel wood for cooking and heating while dung cakes are also used as an energy source for cooking. Kerosene lamps are used for lighting by a major part of the population and the remainder of the population uses electricity for lighting purposes. Provision of electricity has eased operation of tube wells, however, some tube wells are still operated by diesel engines.

The Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) has allotted its agencies in the district, while diesel engine generators are used to run tube wells in the rural areas.

2.5 Banking / Financial Institutions In Killa Saifullah, the National Bank of Pakistan (NBP) and Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB) provide commercial banking services while the Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited. (Z.T.B.L) provides credit services to the farmers. The principal business of the banks in Killa Saifullah is commercial banking.

The Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited. (Z.T.B.L) has introduced many schemes, some of which have been abandoned due to change of government policies. The bank has financed the installation of tube wells and as a consequence the irrigated area under cultivation has increased. Loans are provided for seeds, fertilizers and agricultural machinery.

Financial institutions and their branches: Financial Institutions Branches National Bank of Pakistan Killa Saifullah(1), Muslimbagh(1) Zarai Taraqiati Bank of Pakistan Killa Saifullah(1), Muslimbagh(1) Muslim Commercial Bank of Pakistan Killa Saifullah(1), Habib Bank Limited Killa Saifullah(1), United Bank Limited Killa Saifullah(1), Allied Bank Limited Killa Saifullah(1), Bank Islami Killa Saifullah (1), Muslimbagh (1)

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3 - KILLA SAIFULLAH IMPORTANT SECTORS

3.1 SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

The small and medium enterprises comprise of chromite mining, agriculture, livestock, auto & electric repair, bakeries, merchants, whole sellers, shoes, tailors and other shops. Killa Saifullah town is the main hub of trading in the district and major market for daily used items whether locally produced or coming from other parts of the country. These items are supplied to the rest of the district from here.

3.2 AGRICULTURE/ HORTICULTURE

A sizeable portion of population is engaged in agriculture sector especially in horticulture activities. The prominent crops are wheat, barley, cumin, tobacco, fodder, maize, melons, chillies, vegetables, onion, potato, jawar and pulses including mash and moong. Tomato, almond and apple are the major cash crops.

Wheat is the major agricultural produce of the area as it is cultivated on about one third of the net sown area. It is generally cultivated in irrigated areas. 3.2.1 Land utilization statistics The total geographical area of Killa Saifullah district is 683,100 Hectors. Out of which total cultivated area is 144,686 hectors. And the reported area is 416,780 hectors.

Land utilization statistics Killa Saifullah district 2002-03 Land use 2002-03 Area (Ha.)

Total Geographical Area 683,100

Reported Area 416,780

Total Cultivated Area 144,686

Area under forest 20,287

Culturable waste 110,497

Not available for cultivation 141,310 Source: Director General Agriculture, Quetta.

The combination of the climate and the prevailing soils makes the area suitable for growing deciduous fruits. But the shortage of water is especially a constraint for further expansion of the horticultural sector.

The contractors who take the orchards production for a year and are responsible for fertilizer, water and insecticide spray etc arrange mostly the labor for orchards. For agricultural purposes when the need for casual labor arises, they are hired on daily wages or a short contract period. Machinery including tractors, tube wells etc are used for the agricultural work.

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3.2.2 Production of different Crops Fruits and vegetables are the major source of income in Agriculture sector of the district Killa Saifullah, major fruits include Apple, Apricot, Almond and Pomegranate. Crop and area wise production of major fruits and vegetables are given as below;

Area and Production of Fruits of Killa Saifullah District 2004-05 Fruits Area in Hectares Production in tones Apricot 17,671 111,246 Apple 68,332 23,791 Pomegranate 7,100 7,652 Peach 5,940 3,851 Almond 2,108 2,437 Cherry 300 399 Grapes 240 250 Source: Director General Agriculture, Quetta.

The important Vegetables of the district include Carrot, Cauliflower, Peas, Tomatoes and Watermelon etc Most of the vegetables export to the Punjab. The district produces a sizable amount of tomato in the province. Area and Production of Vegetables and Melons of killa Saifullah District 2004-2005 Vegetables Area in Hectares Production in Tones Tomatoes 6,177 81,162 Carrot 1,015 17,932 Cauliflower 305 4,575 Water Melon 167 2,004 Sarda 151 1,510 Garma - 1,029 Peas 85 1,020 Lady Finger 137 776 Pumpkins 82 678 Bottle Gourd 82 615 Chilies 310 468 Luffa 41 283 Musk Melon 12 120 Brinjal - 69 Cumin 90 51 Source: Director General Agriculture, Quetta. Moong, and Mash are also grown in the district but in small quantity and use with in the district and can not be exported to other districts or provinces,

Area and Production of pulses of killa Saifullah District 2004-2005 Pulses Area in Hectares Production in Tonnes Moong 252 123 Mash 100 51 Source: Director General Agriculture, Quetta.

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3.2.3 Marketing Different types of fruits and vegetables are produced in the district. Most of the vegetables produced are consumed within the district while most of the fruit production of the district is sent outside the district to other provinces. There are a number of intermediaries involved in the marketing process.

There are two types of marketing contracts. Either the contractor purchases the orchard total production at the time of blossom. Then contractor is responsible for the orchard till harvest; he provides water, fertilizer, insecticide spray and labor for the management of orchard. Sometimes the contractor purchases the orchard when the production is ready and he only harvests the product.

At the second level the product is purchased by the fruits commission agents from the primary contractor and sent to other provinces.

3.3 LIVESTOCK

Livestock is the second important economic activity in the district. District is reported to have about one third of its total geographical area as rangeland. Livestock is an important source of livelihood for the majority of the rural population. Livestock is marketed to other provinces. It is an important source of milk, wool, hides and skins. Animals are also used to reach those areas where no transportation is available. According to Agriculture Census 2000 the available livestock figures for Killa Saifullah district are 30597 cattle, 297695 sheep, 354122 goats, 1128 camels and 5567 asses. According to these figures, sheep and goats are the most common livestock species in the district.

Beside men, women and children are also involved in the grazing of their animals, but, being family workers, they are not paid for their activities. The women also look after the animals within the house. They also collect fodder for the animals and do other work such as milking etc.

Livestock population Killa Saifullah (census 2000) Animals Agri census 2000

Sheep 297,695

Goats 354,122

Cattle 30,597

Horses 849

Donkeys 5,567

Camels 1,128

Buffalo 370

Mule 2 Source: Livestock department, Quetta.

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3.3.1 Cattle In some areas of the district the farming households own one or two cows. Cows are a major source of milk production. Buffaloes are rare. In Muslim Bagh town some people keep a small number of cows for selling the milk. Most of the Milk sold in Killa Saifullah town is brought from Loralai. Bullocks and camels are raised for farming as well as to fulfill nutritional needs of the area. Beef of the cattle is not only consumed locally, but the cattle are also sent to other areas for slaughter.

Animals Slaughtered in slaughter houses, Killa Saifullah District 2000 - 2001 Type Number

Cattle 2,442

Sheep 5,244

Goat 9,631 Total 17,317 Source: Livestock department, Quetta. 3.3.2 Extension services There are 2 veterinary hospitals and 25 dispensaries in the district. A small number of privately clinics for livestock have also been established by the private sector.

Medicine is available in the market and as well as in the Government veterinary hospitals. In the open market smuggled veterinary medicines are also available. (Source; Development statistics of bal.2000-2001)

3.4 MINING

The Directorate of Mineral development has reported that presently chromite and magnesite are being mined in Killa Saifullah district while prospecting licenses have been issued for mining of asbestos, gabro and granite. The Directorate has also indicated deposits of soapstone and limestone and occurrence of calcite, manganese and coal. However, a detailed geological survey is needed to explore other minerals, which may be present in the mountainous terrain of Killa Saifullah district.

Production of different minerals in 2004 – 05

Minerals Production (Tonnes)

Chromite 49,743

Magnesite 1,585

Gabro 100 Source: Development Statistics of Balochistan 2006.

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3.4.1 Chromite Chromite mining is being carried in the district for decades and considered as major source of income and employment. The mineral Chromite is an oxide of chromium, iron and magnesium, and, is the only ore of chromium. It is black or brownish black in color and has a metallic luster. Chromite is used in the manufacturing of Ferro-chrome alloy, Refractory bricks and in the manufacturing of chromium based chemicals. Balochistan is contributing great share towards the production of chromite ore in the country. This can be confirmed by the fact that in 1996 Balochistan produced 23,000 tons of chromite out of the total production of 24,484 tons for Pakistan1. Muslim Bagh area is well known for its high grade Chromite ore. Khanozai area is well know for its low grade Chromite ore and some high grade ore. In the absence of value added projects in the region, bulk of the ore mined is being exported to Karachi and it is refined in the beneficiation plants located there. This means the impurities in the ore are also transported to Karachi, thus increasing the transportation costs. Having a plant in Balochistan, near to the mines, would mean that the impurities get treated at the source and only the end product is transported.

3.5 HANDICRAFTS

Embroidery work is the main handicraft done by women of the area with excellent skill and craft, this work has several varieties in the district they include “Chakan”, “Charposh”, “Khajur” “Sukrai” and “Gulan” which are worn by Pashtoon women.

The other articles manufactured in the district are “Peshawars”, Kormah, “Masae” or “Paicha”, “Gaiters”, Shagai, “Khurjins”, “Pokh, Ghindae”, “Darwar, ghindae” (Corn sacks), “Uzhdan” (bag for keeping cloths), “Marai tubrai” (a case for keeping bread), “Sarai” (Blanket) and goat hair blanketing for “Kizhdis” or tents. The tribal women are very good at the art of embroidery but only few do it for income generation. Women are mostly involved in darri and blanket making, carpet weaving, and caps and women dressmaking etc.

3.6 POTENTIAL PROJECTS

Following projects are identified for investment in district Killa Saifullah:  Chromite Mining & Beneficiation Plants Chromite mining is being carried in the district for decades and considered as major source of income and employment. The mineral Chromite is an oxide of chromium, iron and magnesium, and, is the only ore of chromium. It is black or brownish black in color and has a metallic luster. Chromite is used in the manufacturing of Ferro-chrome alloy, Refractory bricks and in the manufacturing of chromium based chemicals.

 Green house farms and tunnels Farms Production of high quality fruits and vegetables requires proper greenhouses where environment is controlled. This controlled environment gives the producer control over what kind of fruit and vegetables he wants to produce and under what conditions. Another

1 Department of Geological Survey of Pakistan, Quetta

SMEDA Balochistan District Profile – Killa Saifullah 11 important aspect of using a greenhouse is that high quality products can be produced all year round, irrespective of the weather that exists outside.

 Fruit processing Balochistan is far from tapping the potential of processing and exporting dried fruits and vegetables as shown by the limited number of fruit processors and exporters currently available. Dried fruits have a large number of end-users including use in the dried fruit and nut industry, the breakfast cereal industry, the confectionery industry, the bakery industry, other food products, and are consumed directly. The government through its policy on modernization of agriculture aims at promoting the development of rural agro- processing and marketing. Squashes, jams, jellies, juices, marmalade, ketchup and sauces etc. are the most common processed products.

 Cold storage Keeping in view the shelf life of the perishable food items it becomes essential to freeze and store these products the Cold storage can be used for perishable fruits and vegetables. Investors can expect handsome return on their investment in this field.

 Fruit & Vegetable dehydration Fruits and vegetables are among the readily perishable commodities which form an important part of global food supplies. District Killa Saifullah produces seasonal vegetables in almost three quarters of the year. A considerable proportion of these vegetables get spoiled before reaching the consumer. Theses losses can be minimized by adopting scientific techniques to convert the surplus produce into non-perishable products by way of preservation. Dehydration offers an economical and satisfactory means to extend the shelf life of vegetables;

 Cattle/Sheep/Goats Fattening Center Since nutrition is a serous limiting factor in the livestock industry of Balochistan with the result that many animals arrive at the market in less than optimal body condition with body weight on the lower end, there is a dire need to ensure feed availability round the year with proper protein contents for increasing livestock productivity rather then its numbers. Such a situation directs to adopt non–conventional feed preparation and feeding techniques like treatment of wheat/ rice straws and other crop residues with urea or ammonia, molasses bocks, silage making , concentrate mixtures with low cost formulae, feed lots, semi – intensive farming and ewe flushing etc. With the switching over to semi- intensive farming which would warrant stall/ supplementary feeding, non-conventional and economical feeding techniques and improved genetic material, the livestock farming can become a cost effective enterprise with its down stream positive effects in the farming community.

 Dairy Farms Dairy sector is a major component of the livestock sector in Killa Saifullah, but due to the absence of specialization, dairy sector has to be viewed in the overall perspective of the livestock sector. Milk production and distribution system suffers from many anomalies, which have diverse negative impacts on the economy in general, continue the rural poverty, national health hazards and other environmental issues. All the problems of the sector are translated into low dairy productivity levels.

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 Poultry Farm Killa Saifulla is the land of unlimited hidden potentials. Among other things, poultry farming has got great scope for improvement. Poultry farming is not developed commercially, apart from some private poultry farms in urban areas. There are about 18 private poultry farms in the district. There is only one government owned poultry farm having 500 layer birds and 600 broilers.

 Stone Crushing Over the last few years, the Construction sector has been registering strong growth rates in the district. In addition, for the building of roads and bypasses, there is a mass and consistent need of crushed stone across the country. Several projects are in progress and are being commenced shortly which will have high demand of crushed stone all over the country. The projected requirements for the next 20 years reinforce the potential in Stone Crushing segment of the industry.

 Hospitals and Clinics: Lack of infrastructure and growing number of population has increased demand of medical facilities, which has direct impact on public & private sector health care centers. No access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities has posed a major threat to the health of masses. Moreover, the overlapping and harsh climate of the region causes major viral diseases through out the year. This creates a great demand for hospitals and clinics.

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