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Third National Communication on Climate REPUBLIC OF BURUNDI MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK THIRD NATIONAL C OMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (TNCCC) 1 BUJUMBURA, OCTOBER 2019 2 FOREWORD Burundi as a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is committed to honoring its commitments and complying with the requirements of the said Convention, including those set forth in Articles 4 and 12. Indeed, a National Climate Change Policy and a Strategy was prepared in 2012, following the submission of its Second National Communication on Climate Change in 2010 and on the eve of its accession to the 2015 Paris Agreement through it the country presented his determined contributions at the national level, to demonstrate his willingness to support the global effort to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and strengthen the climate resilience of its citizens. Towards the end of 2015, Burundi started the implementation of the project: "Third National Communication on Climate Change" with the technical and financial support of the Global Environment Facility through the United Nations Program for Environment, its Executing Agency. We solemnly express our feelings of deep gratitude. With this national communication, we have just updated the measures that are undertaken in the mitigation of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and adaptation measures as well as the national needs in clean technologies. We invite the Technical and Financial Partners to support them to reinforce the initiatives already undertaken to address the food insecurity and poverty that have been accentuated by the vagaries of climate. We commend the tireless efforts of the Government of Burundi, which on the eve of COP 24 held in Katowice has again shown its willingness to contribute to the reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by, among other things, Reforestation program "EWE BURUNDI URAMBAYE". The Government of Burundi strongly supports solidarity in the fight against climate change and pledges to continue the unconditional measures identified in the form of its Nationally Determined Contributions. Ultimately, reducing the effects of climate change is an unavoidable challenge that is why we encourage the international community to reinforce efforts already made to mitigate the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions that are at its core. Origins, and to support adaptation efforts for vulnerable countries, including our own. Dr. Déo Guide RUREMA (PhD) Minister of Environment, Agriculture and Livestock i Third National Communication on Climate Change in the Republic of Burundi TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................ i TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. vii LIST OF PICTURES ............................................................................................................... viii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................. ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 12 I. NATIONALES CIRCUMSTANCES .................................................................................. 12 II. THE NATIONAL INVENTORY OF GREEN HOUSE GAS ............................................ 13 III: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF MEASURES TAKEN OR ENVISAGED TO APPLY THE CONVENTION ............................................................................................................... 16 III.1. PROGRAMS CONTAINING MEASURES TO FACILITATE APPROPRIATE ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ............................................................................. 16 III.2. PROGRAM CONTAINING MEASURES TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE ...... 20 IV: OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF CONVENTION OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................... 21 IV.1. STUDY ON THE IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY NEEDS TO FACE UP TO CLIMATE CHANGE ................................................................... 21 IV.2. PROGRAM FOR PUBLIC AWARENESS, EDUCATION AND TRAINING ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN BURUNDI ...................................................................................... 24 V. DIFFICULTIES AND GAPS AND RESOURCES, FINANCIAL, TECHNICAL MEANS AND CAPCITY NEED TO REMEDY TO CLIMTE CHANGE ........................................... 25 CHAPTER I: NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES .................................................................... 26 I.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 26 I.2. Geographic location ........................................................................................................... 26 I.3. Relief: modesty and morphological diversity .................................................................... 27 I.4. Climate diversity ................................................................................................................ 28 I.5. Hydrology .......................................................................................................................... 34 I.6. Legal, institutional and political framework for climate change in Burundi ..................... 36 1.6.1. Current situation with regard to climate change in Burundi .......................................... 36 I.6.2. Political framework ......................................................................................................... 36 I.6.2. Institutional Framework .................................................................................................. 37 I.6.3. Legal framework ............................................................................................................. 39 I.7. Demography and its links with Climate Change ............................................................... 41 I.8. Sectors Influencing Climate Change .................................................................................. 42 I.8.1. Agriculture and Livestock. .............................................................................................. 42 I.8.2. Energy Sector .................................................................................................................. 42 I.8.3. Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry. .................................................................... 43 I.9. Most vulnerable Sectors to Climate change ....................................................................... 43 I.9.1. Agriculture Sector ........................................................................................................... 43 I.9.2. Health and Nutrition Sector ............................................................................................ 43 I.9.3. Energy Sector .................................................................................................................. 44 I.9.4. Infrastructure Sector ........................................................................................................ 46 ii Third National Communication on Climate Change in the Republic of Burundi I.9.5. Natural Resources Sector ................................................................................................ 47 I.10. Climate change effects on the national economy ............................................................. 49 CHAPTER II: NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY ........................................ 51 II.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 51 II.2. Overview of the inventory ................................................................................................ 51 II.3. Brief description of institutional set ups ........................................................................... 51 II.4. Data collection .................................................................................................................. 53 II.5. Brief description of methodology ..................................................................................... 55 II.6. Summary of emissions trends ........................................................................................... 55 II.7. Key category analysis ....................................................................................................... 58 II.8. Emissions trends per sector .............................................................................................. 60 II.8.1. Energy sector ................................................................................................................. 60 II.8.2. IPPU Sector ................................................................................................................... 63 II.8.3. The AFOLU Sector ........................................................................................................ 64 II.8.4. Waste sector ..................................................................................................................
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