<<

r NASA SP-7011(337)

AND

A CONTINUING BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH INDEXES

(Supplement 337)

A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in May 1990 in

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA).

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Management NASA Scientific and Technical Information Division Washington. DC 1990 This supplement is available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia 22161, price code A06. INTRODUCTION

This Supplement to Aerospace Medicine and Biology lists 400 reports, articles and other docu- ments announced during May 1990 in Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) or in InternationalAerospaceAbstracts(IAA).The first issue of the bibliography was published in July 1964. In its subject coverage, Aerospace Medicine andBiologyconcentrates on the biological, physiolog- ical, psychological, and environmental effects to which man is subjected during and following simulated or actual flight in the Earth’s atmosphere or in interplanetary space. References describing similar effects on biological organisms of lower order are also included. Such related topics as sanitary problems, pharmacology, toxicology, safety and survival, life support systems, exobiology, and person- nel factors receive appropriate attention. In general, emphasis is placed on applied research, but references to fundamental studies and theoretical principles related to experimental development also qualify for inclusion. Each entry in the bibliography consists of a bibliographic citation accompanied in most cases by an abstract. The listing of the entries is arranged by STARcategories 51 through 55, the Life Sciences division. The citations, and abstracts when available, are reproduced exactly as they appeared originally in IAA or STAR, including the original accession numbers from the respective announcement journals. The IAA items will precede the STAR items within each category. Seven indexes - subject, personal author, corporate source, foreign technology, contract, report number, and accession number - are included. An annual index will be prepared at the end of the calendar year covering all documents listed in the 1990 Supplements.

Information on the availability of cited publications including addresses of organizations and NTlS price schedules is located at the back of this bibliography.

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Category 51 Life Sciences (General) 107

Category 52 Aerospace Medicine 114 Includes physiological factors; biological effects of radiation; and effects of weightlessness on man and animals.

Category 53 Behavioral Sciences 127 Includes psychological factors; individual and group behavior; crew training and evaluation; and psychiatric research.

Category 54 Madsystem Technology and Life Support 146 Includes human engineering; biotechnology; and space suits and protective clothing.

Category 55 Space Biology 168 Includes exobiology; planetary biology; and extraterrestrial life.

Subject Index ...... A-1 Personal Author Index ...... B-1 Corporate Source Index ...... C-1 Foreign Technology Index ...... D-1 Contract Number Index ...... E-1 Report Number Index ...... F-1 Accession Number Index ...... G-1

V ~ ~ ~

TYPICAL REPORT CITATION AND ABSTRACT

NASA SPONSORED ON MICROFICHE CORPORATE SOURCE I1 I ACCESSION NUMBER -N90-10571'# Virginia Univ., Charlottesville. Dept. of Environmental Sciences. TITLE-A SIMPLE, MASS BALANCE MODEL OF CARBON FLOW IN A AUTHOR AND CONTROLLED ECOLOGICAL LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM PUBLICATION DATE -JAY L. GARLAND Mar. 1989 37 p Prepared in cooperation with Bionetics Corp., Cocoa Beach, FL CONTRACT NUMBER -(Contract NAS10-10285) / AVAILABILITY SOURCE REPORT NUMBERS -(NASA-TM-102151; NAS 1.15:102151) Avail: NTlS HC AO3/MF A01- PRICE CODE COSATI CODE ACSCL05/8 Internal cycling of chemical elements is a fundamental aspect of a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS). Mathematical models are useful tools for evaluating fluxes and reservoirs of elements associated with potential CELSS configurations. A simple mass balance model of carbon flow in CELSS was developed based on data from the CELSS Breadboard project at Kennedy Space Center. All carbon reservoirs and fluxes were calculated based on steady state conditions and modelled using linear, donor-controlled transfer coefficients. The linear expression of photosynthetic flux was replaced with Michaelis-Menten kinetics based on dynamical analysis of the model which found that the latter produced more adequate model output. Sensitivity analysis of the model indicated that accurate determination of the maximum rate of gross primary production is critical to the development of an accurate model of carbon flow. Atmospheric was particularly sensitive to changes in photosynthetic rate. The small reservoir of C02 relative to large C02 fluxes increases the potential for volatility in C02 . Feedback control mechanisms regulating C02 concentration will probably be necessary in a CELSS to reduce this system instability. Author

TYPICAL JOURNAL ARTICLE CITATION AND ABSTRACT

NASASPONSORED I CORPORATE SOURCE

ACCESSION NUMBER -Ago-11091' Krug International, San Antonio, TX. TITLE -DETERMINING A BENDS-PREVENTING FOR A SPACE SUIT AUTHORS -R. W. KRUTZ, JR., J. T. WEBB (Krug International, Technology- AUTHORS' AFFILIATION Services Div., San Antonio, TX), and G. A. DIXON (USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX) SAFE Journal, vol. 19, PUBLICATION DATE -Fall 1989, p. 20-24. Research sponsored by USAF. refs JOURNAL TITLE (Contract NASA ORDER T-82170) Copyright Research conducted to determine the proper pressure for preventing bends during EVA without preoxygenation is examined. Male and female subjects with different gas mixtures and are studied in order to define the pressure. Visual and auditory Doppler ultrasonic signals are utilized to monitor intravascular gas bubbles. The workload, which simulates EVA, consists of a handturned bicycle ergometer, a torque wrench operation, and a rope pull. The experimental data reveal that the minimum space suit pressure needed to prevent sickness is 9.5 psi. I.F.

vi AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY A Continuing Bibliography (Suppl. 337)

JUNE 1990

51 wet, dry, and ash and Ca concentration and for histological examination. gain and Ca intake and excretion were the LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL) same for both groups; both displayed net Ca gain. Suspended rats had significantly lower wet, dry, and ash weights of femora and tibiae. Dry weights of the humeri and radii/ulnae were moderately higher, and the skull and mandible dry and ash weights were significantly higher in suspended than in control rats. Cortical thickness of the femur, but not humerus, was less in suspended A90-24220 rats. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that bone growth REGULATION OF HEMOPOIESIS IN AN ORGANISM EXPOSED is influenced by the cardiovascular changes associated with tail TO EXTREME FACTORS [REGULIATSIIA GEMOPOEZA PRI suspension. Author VOZDElSTVll NA ORGANIZM EKSTREMAL'NYKH FAKTOROV] ANATOLll P. IASTREBOV, BORIS G. IUSHKOV, and VLADlMlR A90-24397 N. BOL'SHAKOV Sverdlovsk, UrO AN SSSR, 1988, 153 p. In SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATION IN RATS FLOWN ON Russian. refs COSMOS 1667 Copyright D. DESPLANCHES, M. H. MAYET, E. I. IL'INA-KAKUEVA, B. Mechanisms responsible for the regulation of hemopoiesis under SEMPORE, and R. FLANDROIS (Lyon I, Universite, France; lnstitut normal conditions and under conditions of stress due to exposure Mediko-Biologicheskikh Problem, Moscow, USSR) Journal of to extreme environmental conditions (such as high altitude, high- Applied Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567), vol. 68, Jan. 1990, p. 48-52. and low-, or radiation) are discussed with particular Research supported by CNES. refs consideration given to the role of immunological, hormonal, neural, Copyright and metabolic mechanisms. New findings are presented on the Seven male Wistar rats were subjected to seven days of participation of glycosaminoglycanes in the regulation of hemo- weightlessness on the Soviet biosatellite Cosmos 1667. Muscle poiesis under extreme conditions. I.S. histomorphometry and biochemical analyses were performed on the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of flight A90-24395" Texas Univ., Houston. rats (group F) and compared with data from three groups of ATROPHY OF THE SOLEUS MUSCLE BY HINDLIMB terrestrial controls: one subjected to conditions similar to group F UNWEIGHTING in space except for the state of weightlessness (group S) and the DONALD B. THOMASON and FRANK W. BOOTH (Texas, others living free in a vivarium (VI, V2). Relative to group V2 (its University, Houston) Journal of Applied Physiology (ISSN age and weight-matched control group), group F showed a greater 0161-7567), vol. 68, Jan. 1990, p. 1-12. refs decrease of muscle mass in SOL (23 percent) than in EDL (11 (Contract NAG2-239) percent). In SOL, a decrease in the percentage of type I fibers Copyright was counterbalanced by a simultaneous increase in type Ilq fibers. This paper reviews data derived from the animal hindlimb The cross-sectional area of type I fiber was reduced by 24 percent. unweighting model. The review presents the following information No statistically significant difference in capillarization and enzymatic about the unweighted soleus muscle: electromyogram activity, the activities was observed between the groups. In EDL a reduction amount and type of protein lost, capillarization, oxidative capacity, in type I fiber distribution and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase glycolytic activities, fiber cross section, contractile activity (27 percent) occurred after the flight. Author properties, glucose uptake, sensitivity to insulin, the rates of protein synthesis and degradation, the glucocorticoid receptor numbers, A90-24398 the responses of specific mRNAs, and changes in metabolic CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES OF RAT SOLEUS MUSCLE . Data of all these studies show that the stress AFTER 15 DAYS OF HINDLIMB SUSPENSION response of the animal to hindlimb suspension is transient and L. STEVENS, Y. MOUNIER, X. HOLY, and M. FALEMPIN (Lille I, minimal in magnitude (though somewhat variable) and that, after Universite, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France) Journal of Applied one week of unweighting, the animal exhibits no chronic signs of Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567), vol. 68, Jan. 1990, p. 334-340. stress. IS. Research supported by CNES. refs Copyright A90-24396" North Carolina Univ., Wilmington. The properties of the contractile elements interacting to develop BONE GROWTH AND CALCIUM BALANCE DURING in atrophied rat soleus muscle were studied by using single SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSNESS IN THE RAT skinned fibers, which permitted direct access to the contractile ROBERT D. ROER and RICHARD M. DILLAMAN (North Carolina, apparatus. Muscle atrophy was induced by 15 days of hindlimb University, Wilmington) Journal of Applied Physiology (ISSN suspension. Suspension resulted in a decrease of maximal tension 0161-7567), vol. 68, Jan. 1990, p. 13-20. refs relative to an important decline in fiber diameter. Ca affinity of the (Contract NAG2-391) contractile proteins was not changed insofar as the tension-pCa Copyright relationship was not shifted along the pCa axis. However, after Rats, age 28 days, experiencing tail suspension in modified hindlimb suspension, the value of the Hill coefficient from the metabolic cages for 1, 2, and 3 wk were compared with littermate tension-pCa curve was found to be higher, a higher Ca threshold controls. Food and water consumption, urinary and fecal Ca for activitation was reported, and a significant increase in excretion, and serum Ca were measured; hearts, fore- and hindlimb contraction kinetics was described. All these results suggested bones, skulls, and mandibles were removed for determination of that, after suspension, the mechanical properties of the slow-twitch

107 51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)

soleus appeared to resemble more closely those of a fast-twitch was found that, during , the level of cerebral blood muscle. The results were in complete agreement with published flow increased but the ability of the brain circulation system to histochemical data. Author react to chemical and physical stimuli (such as inhalation of air containing 10 percent C02 and abdomen compression in the A9Q-24399’ Arizona Univ., Tucson. Stookey test, respectively) decreased. This suggests a reduction EFFECT OF HINDLIMB SUSPENSION ON CARDIOVASCULAR of the compensatory capacity of the brain circulation system, which RESPONSES TO SYMPATHOMIMETICS AND LOWER BODY can result in a change of the brain tissue water balance leading NEGATIVE PRESSURE to an alteration of cerebral outflow sometimes observed in motion J. MICHAEL OVERTON and CHARLES M. TIPTON (Arizona, sickness. This interpretation was corroborated by the evidence of University, Tucson) Journal of Applied Physiology (ISSN a change in cerebral tissue impedance observed under the 0161-7567), vol. 68, Jan. 1990, p. 355-362. refs combined effects of motion sickness and antiorthostasis. I.S. (Contract NAG2-392; NIH-HL-33782-02) Copyright A90-24748 To determine whether hindlimb suspension is associated with PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF VARIOUS TYPES AND REGIMENS the development of cardiovascular deconditioning, male rats were OF ADAPTATION TO ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF studied before and after undergoing one of three treatment STRESS-INDUCED LESIONS IN KM-LINE RATS conditions for 9 days: (1) cage control (n = 15, CON), (2)horizontal [PROTEKTORNOE DEISTVIE RAZNYKH VIDOV I REZHIMOV suspension (n = 15, HOZ), and (3) head-down suspension (n = ADAPTATSII K GlPOKSll NA RAZVlTlE STRESSOVYKH 18, HDS). Testing included lower body negative pressure POVREZHDENN U KRYS LlNll KM] administered during chloralose-urethan anesthesia and graded A. L. KRUSHINSKII, T. V. RIASINA, V. B. KOSHELEV, M. N. doses of sympathomimetic agents (norepinephrine, phenylephrine, SOTSKAIA, E. M. BEBINOV (Moskovskii Gosudarstvennyi and tyramine) administered to conscious unrestrained animals. Both Universitet; AMN SSSR, Nauchno-lssledovatel’skii lnstitut HDS and HOZ were associated with a small decrease in the Nevrologii, Moscow, USSR) et al. Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR hypotensive response to lower body negative pressure. The HOZ (ISSN 0015-329X), vol. 75, Nov. 1989, p. 1576-1584. In Russian. group, but not the HDS group, exhibited augmented reflex refs tachycardia. Furthermore, both HDS and HOZ groups manifested Copyright reduced pressor responses to phenylephrine after treatment. These The effect of preliminary adaptation to hypoxia on the reductions were associated with significantly attenuated increases development of stress-induced lesions was investigated on in mesenteric vascular resistance. However, baroreflex control of Krushinskii-Molodkina-linerats, which are genetically predisposed heart rate was not altered by the treatment conditions. Collectively, to audiogenic seizures, exposed to acoustic stress. It was found these results indicate that 9 days of HDS in rats does not elicit that adaptation to hypoxia (administered in the form of long-term, hemodynamic response patterns generally associated with short-term, continuous, or intermittent regimens) resulted in cardiovascular deconditioning induced by hypogravic conditions. decreases of the death rate, the severity of motor disorders, and Author the incidence and degree of intracranial hemorrhages in rats exposed to acoustic stress. A two-hour normobaric hypoxic A9Q-24746 stimulation prevented an increase in peroxidation products in BLOOD FLOW AND SATURATION IN THE BRAIN OF stress-exposed rats, and contributed to a rise of cyclic nucleotides INTACT AND ANESTHETIZED RABBITS UNDER in the brain hemispheres. I.S. ANTIORTHOSTATIC INFLUENCE [KROVOOBRASHCHENIE I NAPRIAZHENIE KISLORODA V GOLOVNOM MOZGU A90-24749 BODRSTVUIUSHCHIKH I NARKOTIZIROVANNYKH KROLIKOV EFFECT OF UNILATERAL CAROTID-ARTERY OCCLUSION ON PRI ANTIORTOSTATICHESKOM VOZDEISTVII] THE CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN RATS EXPOSED TO A. I. BEKETOV (Krymskii Meditsinskii Institut, Simferopol, Ukrainian HYPOXIA [VLIIANIE ODNOSTORONNEI OKKLlUZll SONNOI SSR) and E. 1. KONIAEVA (AN SSSR, lnstitut Evoliutsionnoi ARTERll NA MOZGOVOI KROVOTOK KRYS V USLOVllAKH Fiziologii i Biokhimii, Leningrad, USSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal GIPOKSII] SSSR (ISSN 0015-329X), vol. 75, Nov. 1989, p. 1548-1553. In E?. 6. IRIPKHANOV and SH. A. ALIEV (Checheno-lngushskii Russian. refs Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Grozny, USSR) Fiziologicheskii Copyright Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN 0015-329X), vol. 75, Nov. 1989, p. 1585-1588. The effects of antiorthostasis (45-deg) on total cerebral blood In Russian. refs flow and on the blood flow and oxygen pressure in the parietal, Copyright frontal, occipital, and temporal lobes of the brain cortex were investigated in alert and anesthetized rabbits, using polarography. A90-24750 It was found that 1-hr-long 45-deg antiorthostasis led to substantial FUNCTIONING OF THE CEREBRAL CIRCULATION SYSTEM IN changes of local blood flow and oxygen pressure in various cortex RABBITS UNDER [FUNKTSIONIROVANIE regions, as well as in total cerebral blood flow, against the SISTEMY MOZGOVOGO KROVOOBRASHCHENIIA KROLIKOV background of a hypertensive reaction and a decrease of heart PRI GIPERTERMII] rate. Differences in the reaction of the brain vessels to G. 8. VAINSHTEIN, G. B. KARADZHAEVA, and A. I. KRIVCHENKO antiorthostasis were particularly obvious within the first few (AN SSSR, lnstitut Evoliutsionnoi Fiziologii i Biokhimii, Leningrad, minutes. IS. USSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN 001 5-329X), vol. 75, Nov. 1989, p. 1608-1615. In Russian. refs A90-24747 Copyright CEREBROVASCULAR EFFECTS OF MOTION SICKNESS The effect of hyperthermia (to 41 C rectal ) on the [TSEREBRO-VASKULIARNYE EFFEKTY UKACHIVANIIA] cerebral circulation system was investigated by measuring various IU. E. MOSKALENKO, A. I. BEKETOV, V. F. MAKSIMUK, and N. parameters of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in A. SKOROMNYI (AN SSSR, lnstitut Evoliutsionnoi Fiziologii i rabbits maintained in a chamber with 45-47 C air temperature and Biokhimii, Leningrad, USSR; Krymskii Meditsinskii Institut, 27-30 percent relative humidity. It was found that, as a result of Simferopol, Ukrainian SSR) Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR (ISSN hyperthermia, the cortical blood flow decreased by 20-25 percent, 0015-329X), vol. 75, Nov. 1989, p. 1560-1567. In Russian. refs due to and the constriction of arterioles, whereas the Copyright blood flow in the thalamus and hypothalamus remained unchanged The cerebrovascular effects of rocking motion leading to motion or increased slightly. As the body temperature increased, the sickness were investigated in rabbits fitted with implanted of cerebral vessels to CO2 inhalation and orthostatic electrodes, by measuring cerebral blood flow and the reactivity of load decreased. There was evidence of the hemato-encephalic cerebral vessels to functional chemical and physical stimuli. It barrier lesion, and of an increase of the water content by 3-4

108 51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)

percent in the cortex and the white matter. Administration of microgravity on the development of the stick insect Carausius flunarizine (a calcium-blocking agent) was found to restore the morosus from the egg stage were investigated experimentally in a cerebral blood flow level and the reactivity of cerebral vessels. Biorack experiment on Spacelab mission D-1. The hardware setup IS. and experimental protocol are described, and the results are presented in tables and graphs. It is shown that the number of A90-25329' California Univ., Berkeley. morphological anomalies induced in the insect larvae by the BIOPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF HEAVY ION INTERACTIONS IN combination of cosmic radiation and microgravity was significantly MAlTER larger than that induced by radiation or microgravity alone or than WALTER SCHIMMERLING. MERVYN WONG, BERNHARD the sum of these two effects. Possible mechanisms for this LUDEWIGT, MARK PHILLIPS, EDWARD L. ALPEN, PATRICIA potentiation phenomenon are considered, and the need for further POWERS-RISIUS, RANDY J. DEGUZMAN (California, University, space experiments is indicated. T.K. Berkeley), LARRY W. TOWNSEND, and JOHN W. WILSON (NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA) IN: High- radiation A90-25332 background in space. New York, American Institute of Physics, THE PROTONS OF SPACE AND BRAIN TUMORS. I - 1989, p. 369-380. refs CLINICAL AND DOSIMETRIC CONSIDERATIONS (Contract NIH-CA-23247; NASA ORDER L-22395-A; G. V. DALRYMPLE, W. A. NAGLE, A. J. MOSS, L. A. CAVIN, J. DE-AC03-76SF-00098) R. BROADWATER (John L. McClellan Memorial Veterans Hospital; Copyright Arkansas, University, Little Rock) et al. IN: High-energy radiation The biological effects of high energy, high charge nuclei (HZE background in space. New York, American Institute of Physics, particles) occupy a central role in the management of space 1989, p. 407-41 1. refs radiation due to galactic cosmic rays. For the energy Copyright range of interest, the mean free path for nuclear interactions of Almost 25 years ago a large group of Rhesus monkeys were these heavy ions is comparable to the thickness of the material irradiated with protons (32-2300 MeV). The initial results showed traversed, and a significant fraction of stopping particles will the relative biological effectiveness to be about 1.0 for acute undergo a with the nuclei of the stopping material. radiation effects (mortality, hematologic changes, etc.). The colony Transport methods for HZE particles are dependent on models of has been maintained at Brooks AFB since irradiation. The survivors the interaction of man-made systems with the space environment of 55-MeV proton irradiation have developed a very high incidence to an even greater extent than methods used for other types of of glioblastoma multiforme, a highly malignant primary brain tumor. radiation. Hence, there is a major need to validate these transport These tumors appeared 1-20 yrs after surface doses of 400-800 codes by comparison with experimental data. The basic physical rads. Reconstruction of the dosimetry suggests that some areas properties of HZE particles will be reviewed and illustrated with within the brain may have received doses of 1500-2500 rads. the results of nuclear fragmentation experiments performed with More than 30 radiation-induced glioblastomas have been reported 670A MeV neon ions incident on a water absorber and with in human patients who received therapeutic head irradiation. The measurements of multiple Coulomb scattering of uranium beams radiation doses required to induce glioblastoma were of the same in copper. Finally, the extent to which physical measurements order of magnitude as required to induce glioblastoma in the Rhesus yield radiobiological predictions is illustrated for the example of monkey. Author neon. Author A90-25333 A90-25330 THE PROTONS OF SPACE AND BRAIN TUMORS. II - DELAYED EFFECTS OF PROTON IRRADIATION IN MACACA CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR CONSIDERATIONS MULAlTA (22-YEAR SUMMARY) W. A. NAGLE, A. J. MOSS, JR., G. V. DALRYMPLE (John L. D. H. WOOD, K. A. HARDY, A. B. COX, Y. L. SALMON, M. G. McClellan Veterans Hospital; Arkansas, University, Little Rock), A. YOCHMOWITZ (USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks B. COX, J. F. WIGLE (USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX) et al. IN: High-energy radiation background in space. AFB, TX) et al. IN: High-energy radiation background in space. New York, American Institute of Physics, 1989, p. 381-392. refs New York, American Institute of Physics, 1989, p. 412-431. refs Copyright Copyright i Lifetime observations on a group of rhesus monkeys indicate An increased incidence of highly malignant gliomas, that life expectancy loss from exposure to protons in the energy (glioblastoma multiforme) has been observed in Rhesus monkeys range encountered in the Van Allen belts and solar proton events irradiated with 55-MeV protons, and in humans treated with can be correlated with the dose and energy of radiation. The therapeutic irradiation to the head. The results suggest a radiation primary cause of life shortening is nonleukemic cancers. Radiation etiology for these tumors. This paper reviews briefly some also increased the risk of endometriosis (an abnormal proliferation characteristics of glioma tumors and summarizes the genetic of the lining of the uterus in females). Other effects associated changes associated with malignant gliomas in experimental animals with radiation exposures are lowered glucose tolerance and and in humans. The genetic abnoramlities include cytogenetic increased incidence of cataracts. Calculatins of the relative risk of alterations and changes in the structure and expression of specific fatal cancers in the irradiated subjects reveal that the total body oncogenes. Also reviewed are some recent data concerning the surface dose required to double the risk of death from cancer molecular nature of radiation-induced somatic-cell mutation and over a 20-year post exposure period varies with the linear energy oncogene . Finally, some implications of these results transfer (LET) of the radiation. The ability to determine the are discussed in relation to human radiation exposure in space. integrated dose and LET spectrum in space radiation exposures Author of humans is, therefore, critical to the assessment of lifetime cancer risk. Author A90-25334 PROMOTION OF A NEW RADIOPROTECTIVE ANTIOXIDATIVE A90-25331 AGENT RESPONSE OF CARAUSIUS MOROSUS TO SPACEFLIGHT J. MATSUBARA, A. IKEDA, and T. KlNOSHlTA (Tokyo, University, ENVIRONMENT Japan) IN: High-energy radiation background in space. New G. REITZ. H. BUECKER, R. FACIUS, G. HORNECK (DLR, lnstitut York, American Institute of Physics, 1989, p. 434-441. refs fuer Flugmedizin, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany), W. Copyright RUETHER (Marburg, Universitaet, Federal Republic of Germany) The mechanisms involved in radioprotective pre- or et al. IN: High-energy radiation background in space. New York, posttreatments with Zn, Mn, or biological-response modifiers American Institute of Physics, 1989, p. 393-406. refs (BRMs) were investigated experimentally in 7-week-old mice Copyright exposed to whole-body X-ray irradiation of 6.5 or 7.5 Gy. The The combined effects of cosmic HZE-particle radiation and focus was on the role of the heavy-metal-binding protein

109 51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)

metallothionein (MT), produced in the liver, in the development of suspension model, making it possible to differentiate the effects a tolerance to radiation damage. The experimental protocols are of non-weight bearing by hindlimbs per se from the systemic described in detail, and the results are presented in tables and influence of simulated weightlessness. A support platform was graphs. It is shown that administration of Mn, Zn, or BRMs (and designed which allowed the animal to maintain one hindlimb in a especially a combination of metallic salt and BRM) prior to or posture similar to the hindlimbs of the control animals at rest and even after irradiation significantly increased MT production and to maintain one hindlimb in a posture similar to the hindlimbs of also protected the mice against lethal damage. The potential the control animals, providing a support for the animal to contract benefits of this type of therapy for space crews are briefly or stretch hindlimb muscles against at any time during suspension. considered. T.K. The results of this study indicated that hindlimb support during head-down suspension will maintain muscle-mass/body-mass A90-26010* California Univ., Los Angeles. ratios, glycogen concentration, and blood flow. However, it will INFLUENCE OF 7 DAYS OF HINDLIMB SUSPENSION AND not prevent the loss in citrate synthase activity associated with INTERMITTENT WEIGHT SUPPORT ON RAT MUSCLE conditions of simulated weightlessness. I.S. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES DAVID J. PIEROTTI, ROLAND R. ROY, VINIC10 FLORES, and A90-26378 REGGIE EDGERTON (California, University, Los Angeles) NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF OCULOMOTOR Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), BEHAVIOR IN MAMMALS [NEIROFIZIOLOGICHESKIE vol. 61, March 1990, p. 205-210. refs MEKHANIZMY GLAZODVIGATEL'NOGO POVEDENIIA (Contract NIH-NS-16333; NCA2-IR-390-502) MLEKOPITAIUSHCHIKH] Copyright V. V. SHUL'GOVSKII, B. M. SHELIGA, and S. K. PROKOF'EV The effect of intermittent periods of weight support on a (Moskovskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Moscow, USSR) Uspekhi decrease in mass of the soleus (Sol) and medial gastrocnemius Fiziologicheskikh Nauk (ISSN 0301-1798), vol. 21, Jan.-Mar. 1990, (MG) muscles atrophied by hindlimb suspension (HS) was p. 62-77. In Russian. refs investigated in rats subjected to continuous HS for seven days or Copyright an HS plus intermittent (10 min every 6 hrs of slow walking on a Mechanisms responsible for the coordinated head and eye treadmill) weight support (HS-WS). After 7 d HS, the Sol weight movements in the course of a saccade are discussed on the relative to body weight was 21 and 9 percent lower in Hs and basis of a review of published results. Attention is given to works HS-WS, respectively, than in control rats. Maximum tetanic concerned with saccadic eye movement characterization, the tension/muscle mass ratio was significantly lower in HS than in coordinated head-eye movements during the change of the point controls; the HS-WS rats had values similar to controls, whereas of fixation, the neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for the the maximum tetanic tension/muscle weight was significantly shift of the eye focus, the phenomenology of tracking moving elevated in HS-WS compared to controls. Contraction times were visual targets, and the neurophysiological mechanisms of the 25 percent faster in the Sol and unchanged in the MG of HS head-eye movements involved in tracking a moving target. I.S. rats, indicating that a low-force short-duration exercise regime results in a significant functional recovery in the 'slow' Sol, whereas A90-26379 the 'fast' MG is less affected. IS. EMOTIONAL STRESS, POSTURAL REGULATION OF BLOOD CIRCULATION, AND SOME DISCREPANCIES IN THE A90-26319' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. CONCEPTS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTROPHY PATHOGENESIS Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. [EMOTSIONAL'NOE NAPRIAZHENIE, POSTURAL'NAIA EFFECT OF BODY WEIGHT GAIN ON INSULIN SENSITIVITY REGULlATSllA KROVOOBRASHCHENIIA I NEKOTORYE AFTER RETIREMENT FROM EXERCISE TRAINING PROTlVORECHllA V PREDSTAVLENIIAKH 0 PATOGENEZE CONSTANTINE B. DOLKAS (NASA, Ames Research Center, ARTERIAL'NOI GIPERTONII] Moffett Field, CA), KENNETH J. RODNICK (Stanford University, G. S. BELKANIIA, V. A. DARTSMELIIA, A. N. DEMIN, M. V. CA), and CARL E. MONDON (USVA, Geriatric Research, Education, GALUSTIAN, I. P. SHEREMET (AMN SSSR, lnstitut and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, CA) Journal of Applied Physiology Eksperimental'noi Patologii i Terapii, Sukhumi, Georgian SSR) et (ISSN 0161-7567), vol. 68, Feb. 1990, p. 520-526. refs al. Uspekhi Fiziologicheskikh Nauk (ISSN 0301-1798), vol. 21, Copyright Jan.-Mar. 1990, p. 78-96. In Russian. refs The effect of the body-weight gain after retirement from an Copyright exercise-training program on the retained increase in insulin sensitivity elicited by the training was investigated in exercise- trained (ET) rats. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by oral A90-26566 glucose tolerance and insulin suppression tests immediately after EARLY CARBONIFEROUS LOW-TEMPERATURE training and during retirement. Results show that, compared with HYDROTHERMAL VENT COMMUNITIES FROM sedentary controls, exercise training enhanced insulin-induced NEWFOUNDLAND glucose uptake, but the enhanced sensitivity was gradually lost PETER H. VON BITTER (Royal Ontario Museum; Toronto, with the end of running activity until after seven days of retirement, University, Canada), STEVEN D. SCOTT (Toronto, University, when it became equal to that of controls. This loss of enhanced Canada), and PAUL E. SCHENK (Dalhousie University, Halifax, sensitivity to insulin was associated with an accelerated gain in Canada) Nature (ISSN 0028-0836), vol. 344, March 8, 1990, p. body weight beginning one day after the start of retirement. 145-148. refs However, those animals that gained weight only at rates similar Copyright to those of control rats, retained their enhanced sensitivity to Fossil tubes, an abundant low-diversity fauna, and sulfide insulin. IS. mineralization in 340-Myr-old Carboniferous carbonate mounds in Newfoundland are described. These features, together with evidence for microbial activity, point to the existence of a seventh A90-26321' Arizona Univ., Tucson. chemosynthetic community, clustered around low-temperature INFLUENCE OF SINGLE HINDLIMB SUPPORT DURING hydrothermal vents. The remarkable preservation of this community SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSNESS IN THE RAT permits a direct comparison be made with the composition and CRAIG S. STUMP, J. MICHAEL OVERTON, and CHARLES M. to TIPTON (Arizona, University, Tucson) Journal of Applied structure of modern vent communities. C.D. Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567), vol. 68, Feb. 1990, p. 627-634. refs A90-27442 (Contract NAG2-392) EVOLUTION OF SPACE STATION - LIFE SCIENCES Copyright PROGRAM AND FACILITIES A study was carried out to develop and evaluate a hindlimb SJOERD L. BONTING (SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA) SAE,

110 51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL) lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San 10 p. refs Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 13 p. refs (SAE PAPER 891491) Copyright (SAE PAPER 891474) Copyright The probable sources and implications of microbial con- The needs for life sciences research and facilities on Space tamination on the proposed Space Station are discussed. Be- Station in Phase 2, based on future space exploration and utilization cause of the limited availability of material, facilities and time plans, are discussed. The assumed scenario involves a Lunar Base, on the Space Station, we are exploring the feasibility of replacing manned missions to Mars, and an orbiting Space Colony for the traditional incubation methods for assessing microbial production of Solar Power Satellites permitting replacement of fossil contamination with rapid, automated methods. Some possibilities by the middle of the next century. From this scenario, the include: ATP measurement, microscopy and telecommunications, contours of a life sciences program for the period after 1998 are and molecular techniques such as DNA probes or monoclonal derived. Based on the main elements of such a program, the antibodies. Some of the important ecological factors that could major new life sciences facilities needed in Phase 2 are identified. alter microbes in space include microgravity, exposure to radiation, It is concluded that a full-length dedicated life sciences module and antibiotic resistance. Author and an attached short module with large centrifuge and animal research facilities, as well as a man-rated variable research facility A90-27459" Wisconsin Univ., Milwaukee. and other attached facilities are needed. A proposed deployment THE USE OF MODELS TO PREDICT POTENTIAL schedule for these facilities is presented. Should replacement of CONTAMINATION ABOARD ORBITAL VEHICLES fossil fuels by space-derived solar power not be necessaty, then MARTIN E. BORAAS and DIANNE B. SEALE (Wisconsin, the same elements and facilities will be needed, but the schedule University, Milwaukee) SAE, Intersociety Conference on can be relaxed. Author Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 8 p. refs A90-27455' Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., (Contract NAS8-37914) Pasadena. (SAE PAPER 891492) Copyright THE NEMATODE C. ELEGANS - A MODEL ANIMAL SYSTEM A model of fungal growth on air-exposed, nonnutritive solid FOR THE DETECTION OF GENETIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL surfaces, developed for utilization aboard orbital vehicles is LESIONS presented. A unique feature of this testable model is that the GREGORY A. NELSON, TAMARA M. MARSHALL, and WAYNE development of a fungal mycelium can facilitate its own growth W. SCHUBERT (JPL, Pasadena, CA) SAE, lntersociety Con- by condensation of from its environment directly onto ference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July fungal hyphae. The fungal growth rate is limited by the rate of 24-26, 1989. 5 p. refs supply of volatile nutrients and fungal biomass is limited by either (Contract NAS7-918) the supply of nonvolatile nutrients or by metabolic loss processes. (SAE PAPER 891488) Copyright The model discussed is structurally simple, but its dynamics can The effects of ionizing and nonionizing radiation effects on cell be quite complex. Biofilm accumulation can vary from a simple reproduction, differentiation, and mutation in vivo are studied using linear increase to sustained exponential growth, depending on the the nematode C. elegans. The relationships between fluence/dose values of the environmental variable and model parameters. The and response and quality factor and linear energy transfer are results of the model are consistent with data from aquatic biofilm analyzed. The data reveal that there is a complex repair pathway studies, insofar as the two types of systems are comparable. It is in the nematode and that mutants can be used to direct the shown that the model presented is experimentally testable and sensitivity of the system to specific mutagenslradiation types. provides a platform for the interpretation of observational data I.F. that may be directly relevant to the question of growth of organisms aboard the proposed Space Station. R.E.P.

A90-27456 A90-27478 MOUSE TAIL-SUSPENSION AS A MODEL OF MICROGRAVITY THE CHALLENGE OF INTERNAL CONTAMINATION IN - EFFECTS ON SKELETAL, NEURAL AND MUSCULAR SPACECRAFT, STATIONS, AND PLANETARY BASES SYSTEMS JON R. SCHULZ (Martin Marietta Corp., Astronautics Group, S. SIMSKE, C. SOMPS, E. GAYLES, L. S. STODIECK, H. WACHTEL Denver, CO) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental (Colorado, University, Boulder) et al. SAE, lntersociety Conference Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 8 p. refs on Environmental Systems, 19th. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. (SAE PAPER 891 51 2) Copyright 12 p. refs The problem of internal contamination is examined with (SAE PAPER 891489) Copyright emphasis on a contamination assessment and management Tail-suspension of rats has been shown to cause loss of bone program based on a graphic model of potential contaminant mass similar to that experienced by humans in microgravity. sources, flow paths, and sensitive receptors. The model provides Tail-suspension is presently applied to mice to characterize bone, a basis for systematically identifying issues, assessing risk, nervous system and muscle changes that occur, and evaluate the identifying where the knowledge base must evolve, and mitigating use of magnetic fields to obviate these changes. Results have significant effects. Potential to internal contamination shown that femurs and tibiae of tail-suspended mice undergo problems are discussed. V.L. significant decreases in dry weight, stiffness and strength. Immersion of mice in specific oscillating magnetic fields can reduce A90-27482' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. or eliminate these degenerative changes. Results have also shown Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. that tail-suspended animals undergo changes in spinal cord function THE RODENT RESEARCH ANIMAL HOLDING FACILITY AS A similar to changes previously observed in animals with damaged BARRIER TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION sciatic nerves. Author P. D. SAVAGE, JR., G. C. JAHNS, B. P. DALTON, R. P. HOGAN (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA), and A. E. WRAY A90-27458' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (GE Government Services Co., Moffett Field, CA) SAE, Intersociety Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July ECOLOGY OF MICRO-ORGANISMS IN A SMALL CLOSED 24-26, 1989. 10 p. Previously announced in STAR as N90-12151. SYSTEM - POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS FOR (SAE PAPER 891517) Copyright SPACE STATION The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility (RAHF), E. B. RODGERS (NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, developed by NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) to separately AL), D. B. SEALE, M. E. BORAAS, and C. V. SOMMER (Wisconsin, house rodents in a Spacelab, was verified as a barrier to University, Milwaukee) SAE, lntersociety Conference on environmental contaminants during a 12-day biocompatibility test. Environmental Systems, 19th. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. Environmental contaminants considered were solid particulates,

111 51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)

microorganisms, , and typical animal odors. The 12-day between categories are common. Cell polarizations are divergent. test conducted in August 1988 was designed to verify that the Morphologically, each calyx of oblong and elongated fields appears rodent RAHF system would adequately support and maintain animal to be an information processing site. Intrinsic modulation of specimens during normal system operations. Additional objectives information processing is extensive and varies with the kind of of this test were to demonstrate that: (1) the system would capture field. Each reconstructed field differs in detail from every other, positive Instrument-Expressive profile (high achievement mo- suggesting that an element of randomness is introduced organisms would be contained; and (3) the passage of animal developmentally and contributes to endorgan adaptability. odors was adequately controlled. In addition, the amount of carbon Author dioxide exhausted by the RAHF system was to be quantified. Of primary importance during the test was the demonstration that A90-27622' San Francisco Univ., CA. the RAHF would contain particles greater than 150 micrometers. DESCENDING PATHWAYS TO THE CUTANEUS TRUNCI This was verified after analyzing collection plates placed under MUSCLE MOTONEURONAL CELL GROUP IN THE CAT exhaust air ducts and and rodent cages during cage maintenance GERT HOLSTEGE (California, University, San Francisco) and operations, e.g., waste tray and feeder changeouts. Microbiological BERTIL F. BLOK (Rotterdam, Universiteit, Netherlands) Journal testing identified no additional organisms in the test environment of Neurophysiology (ISSN 0022-3077), vol. 62, Dec. 1989, p. that could be traced to the RAHF. Odor containment was 1260-1269. Research supported by the R. A. Laan Fonds, A. A. demonstrated to be less than barely detectable. Ammonia could van Beek Fonds, Fundatie van Vrijvrouwe van Renswoude, not be detected in the exhaust air from the RAHF system. Carbon Bekker-La Bastide Fonds, and Universiteit Rotterdam. refs dioxide levels were verified to be less than 0.35 percent. Author (Contract NCC2-491) Copyright A90-27532' Tuskegee Inst., AL. The descending pathways to the motoneuronal cell group of SWEET POTATO GROWTH PARAMETERS, YIELD the cutaneous trunci muscle (CTM) of the cat were investigated COMPONENTS AND NUTRITIVE VALUE FOR CELSS by injecting H-3-labeled lucine into the brain stem, the APPLICATIONS diencephalon, or the C1, C2, C6, and C8 segments of the spinal P. A. LORETAN, C. K. BONSI, W. A. HILL, C. R. OGBUEHI, D. cord, and examining fixed autoradiographic sections of the spinal G. MORTLEY (Tuskegee University, AL) et al. SAE, lntersociety cord and brain regions. Results demonstrate presence of specific Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July supraspinal projectons to the CTM motor nucleus originating in 24-26, 1989. 7 p. Research supported by USDA. refs the contralateral nucleus retroambiguous and the ipsilateral (Contract NAG10-0024) dorsolateral pontine tegmentum. Results also suggest that (SAE PAPER 891571) Copyright propriospinal pathways to the CTM motor nucleus originating in Sweet potatoes have been grown hydroponically using the the cervical cord do not exist, although these propriospinal nutrient film technique (NFT) to provide a potential food source projections to all other motoneuronal cell groups surrounding the for long-term manned space missions. Experiments in both sand CTM nucleus are very strong. IS. and NFT cultivars have produced up to 1790 g/plant of fresh storage root with an edible biomass index ranging from 60-89 A90-27626' California Univ., San Francisco. percent and edible biomass linear growth rates of 39-66 g/sq m LACK OF EFFECT OF VASOPRESSIN REPLACEMENT ON day in 105 to 130 days. Experiments with different cultivars, nutrient RENIN HYPERSECRETION IN BRATTLEBORO RATS compositions, application rates, air and root temperatures, RAFFAELLO M. A. GOLIN, ElJl GOTOH, LANNY C. KEIL, ROY photoperiods, and light intensities indicate good potential for sweet L. SHACKELFORD, and WILLIAM F. GANONG (California, potatoes in CELSS. Author University, San Francisco; NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA) American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative A90-27533' Utah State Univ., Logan. and Comparative Physiology (ISSN 0363-61 19), vol. 26, 1989, p. CARBON USE EFFICIENCY IN OPTIMAL ENVIRONMENTS R1117-R1122. Research supported by the Smokeless Tobacco BRUCE BUGBEE (Utah State University, Logan) SAE, lntersociety Research Council. refs Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July (Contract NIH-HL-29714; NAG2-434) 24-26, 1989. 8 p. Research supported by NASA. refs Copyright (SAE PAPER 891572) Copyright The congenital vasopressin deficiency in homozygous The short- and long-term effects of environmental changes on Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus is associated with elevated plant productivity are studied using a model in which yield is plasma renin activity at rest and supernormal responses to stimuli determined by four factors: absorption of photosynthetic photon that increase renin secretion. The mechanism underlying this flux, photosynthetic efficiency, respiratory carbon use efficiency, phenomenon was investigated by infusing homozygous and and harvest index. The characteristics of the model are reviewed. heterozygous Brattleboro rats with a dose of arginine vasopressin Emphasis is given to the relationship between carbon use efficiency that restored plasma vasopressin to normal in the homozygous and yield. The biochemical pathways resulting in C02 efflux are animals. The resulting data indicate that increased renin secretion examined, including photorespiration, cyanide-resistant , in homozygous rats results from increased sympathetic activity. and dark respiration. The possibility of measuring photosynthesis Because circulating vasopressin does not cross the blood-brain and respiration in a CELSS is discussed. R.B. barrier, it seems likely that the increased sympathetic activity is central in origin. C.D. A90-27611' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. A90-27627' California Univ., San Francisco. 3-D COMPONENTS OF A BIOLOGICAL NEURAL NETWORK EFFECTS OF SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSNESS ON RAT VISUALIZED IN COMPUTER GENERATED IMAGERY. I - OSTEOCALCIN AND BONE CALCIUM MACULAR RECEPTIVE FIELD ORGANIZATION PATRICIA PATTERSON-BUCKENDHAL, RUTH K. GLOBUS, MURIEL D. ROSS (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, DANIEL D. BIKLE, CHRISTOPHER E. CANN, and EMILY CA), LYNN CUTLER, GLENN MEYER, TONY LAM, and PARSHAW MOREY-HOLTON (California, University; U.S. Veterans VAZlRl (Sterling Software, Palo Alto, CA) Acta Oto-Laryngologica Administration Medical Center, San Francisco; NASA, Ames (ISSN 0001-6489), vol. 109, 1990, p. 83-92. refs Research Center, Moffett Field, CA) American Journal of Copyright Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Computer-assisted, 3-dimensional reconstructions of macular (ISSN 0363-6119), vol. 26, 1989, p. R1103-R1109. refs receptive fields and of their linkages into a neural network have (Contract NCA2-OR-665-202) revealed new information about macular functional organization. Copyright Both type I and type II hair cells are included in the receptive The effect of weightlessness on the serum content of the fields. The fields are rounded, oblong, or elongated, but gradations mineral-binding protein osteocalcin (OC), bone OC, and bone Ca

112 51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)

were investigated in rats subjected for periods from 2 to 28 days The fresh medium enters the bioreactor through a filter with a to a hindlimb unweighting procedure simulating weightlessness. It backwash action which prevents the cells from settling on the was found that serum OC decreased by 25 percent (consistent filter. The bioreactor is sealed and depleted medium is forced out with a decreased rate of bone growth), during the first week of of the container as fresh medium is added. hindlimb suspension, but returned to normal levels after. 15 days. Official Gazette of the US. Patent and Trademark Office The third lumbar vertebra (L3) and femur (analyzed in this study) lost 20 percent of weight after 10-28 days of suspension. Analysis . of OC and Ca concentrations and content in L3 and femur suggest a temporal divergence of the of these two bone components. The OC and Ca concentrations were found to vary N90-18133# Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry, not only with respect to the duration of unweighting but also to Chiba (Japan). differ from each other in the magnitude of their response. The BREEDING OF PRODUCING ANAEROBIC data showed that unweighting affects the formation and deposition BACTERIA. CELLULASE SECRETION FROM TRANSFORMED of OC and Ca differently, depending on the bone location and the ESCHERICHIA COLI JM109 duration of unweighting. IS. SElGO SHlMA Jan. 1989 16 p In JAPANESE; ENGLISH summary Avail: NTlS (US Sales Only) HC A90-27628' Texas Univ., Houston. (DE90-710739; CRIE-U-88055) AO3/MF A01 EFFECT OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE ON THE One of the applications of biotechnology to the electric power FILTRATION COEFFICIENT IN INTACT DOG LUNGS B. D. BUTLER, 1. DAVIES, and R. E. DRAKE (Texas, University, industry is production of hydrogen for cells by microorganisms. This study is to conduct breeding of the microorganism which Houston) American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology (ISSN 0363-6135), vol. 26, 1989, p. H1466-H1470. decomposes cellulose, the main component of plant, and produces refs hydrogen efficiently by using the gene manipulation methods. When cellulose decomposing enzyme genes were introduced into (Contract NIH-HL-36635; NIH-HL-27367; NAG9-215) Escherichia coli JM109 whose cell membrane structure varied Copyright Lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-Pc) is a lysophospholipid normally partially and the places where the cellulose decomposing enzyme found in low concentrations in the lung. At high concentrations existed inside as well as outside its body were checked, it was lyso-Pc, instilled into the airways, causes pulmonary edema. The found that the majority of the cellulose decomposing hypothesis was tested that the edema caused by lyso-Pc was were discharged towards the outside of the body beyond the due to an increase in pulmonary microvascular membrane surface space of the cell. This phenomenon is the academically permeability. In 11 anesthetized dogs, the left lower lobes (LLL) important information, but from the practical standpoint, the ability were continuously weighed while lyso-Pc (20 mM) was instilled of discharging into the cell surface space using such Escherichia into the LLL airways. After 30 min, the microvascular membrane coli without variations as Escherichia coli HBlOl is required, hence fluid filtration coefficient (Kf) was determined from the relationship it is desired to obtain the gene which has the discharging ability between the rate of LLL weight gain and the pulmonary as stated above and produces cellulose decomposing enzymes microvascular pressure. Kf was not significantly different between with strong decomposing power. DOE the lyso-Pc-treated lobes vs control lobes. The data do not support the hypothesis that lyso-Pc, instilled into the airways, causes an increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability. Author N90-18134# Naval Medical Research Inst., Bethesda, MD. N90-17251'# National Aeronautics and Space Administration, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN LOWERS PULMONARY ARTERY Washington, DC. PRESSURE IN HYPOXIC RATS BY RELEASING ARTRIAL THE 1988-1989 NASA SPACE/GRAVITATIONAL BIOLOGY NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE ACCOMPLISHMENTS HONGKUI JIN, YIU-FA1 CHEN, REN-HUI YANG, THOMAS M. THORA W. HALSTEAD, ed. Jan. 1990 225 p Prepared in MCKENNA, ROBERT M. JACKSON, and SUZANNE OPARl 6 cooperation with George Washington Univ., Washington, DC Dec. 1988 42 p Sponsored by Department of the, Navy, (Contract NASW-4324) Washington, DC; National Dairy Board; and National Dairy Council (NASA-TM-4160; NAS 1.15:4160) Avail: NTlS HC AlO/MF A02 (Contract HL-35051; HL-225441 CSCL 06C (AD-A215986; NMRI-88-94) Avail: NTlS HC AOS/MF A01 This report consists of individual technical summaries of CSCL 06/15 research projects of NASA's space/gravitational biology program, We previously demonstrated that arginine vasopressin (AVP) for research conducted during the period May 1988 to April 1989. lowers pulmonary artery pressure in rats with hypoxic pulmonary This program is concerned with using the unique characteristics hypertension by activation of the V1 receptor. The pulmonary of the space environment, particularly microgravity, as a tool to depressor effect of AVP in hypoxia adapted rats is not due to its advance knowledge in the biological sciences; understanding how effect on cardiac output. The study tested two alternative gravity has shaped and affected life on Earth; and understanding hypotheses: that AVP lowers pulmonary artery pressure in the how the space environment affects both plant and animal species. hypoxia adapted lung by: (1) dilating pulmonary vasculature directly, The summaries for each project include a description of the or (2) releasing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart. research, a list of the accomplishments, an explanation of the The first hypothesis was tested by injecting AVP into the pulmonary significance of the accomplishments, and a list of publications. arteries of isolated, buffer perfused lungs and monitoring pulmonary Author artery pressure, and by exposing preconstricted pulmonary artery rings to graded doses of AVP and monitoring the tension generated. N90-17252' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. AVP caused minimal vasodilation in prefused lungs and only a Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. small vasodilator effect in pulmonary artery rings. The second 810-REACTOR CHAMBER Patent hypothesis was tested by injecting AVP (160 ng/kg) or vehicle JOSEPH A. CHANDLER, inventor (to NASA) 13 Jun. 1989 9 p intravenously in conscious hypoxia adapted (4 weeks) or air control (NASA-CASE-MSC-20929-1; US-PATENT-4,839,046; rats and measuring ANP in arterial blood and atria, and by testing US-PATENT-APPL-SN-087358; US-PATENT-CLASS-210-355; pretreatment with the V1 receptor antagonist d(CH2)5 Tyr (Me) US-PATENT-CLASS210-414; US-PATENT-CLASS-435-311 ; AVP (130 micrograms/kg) on the AVP-induced increase in plasma US-PATENT-CLASS-435-316) Avail: US. Patent and Trademark ANP. AVP produced a 7-fold increase in plasma ANP in hypoxia CSCL 06C adapted rats and a 5-fold increase in ANP in air controls. ANP A bioreactor for cell culture is disclosed which provides for the release was abolished by pretreatment of both groups with d(CH2)5 introduction of fresh medium without excessive turbulent action. Tyr(Me)AVP. GRA

113 52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE

caliber of small arteries increased by 4 percent and that of large (not less than 75 microns diam) arteries by 7 percent after 15 AEROSPACE MEDICINE min of exposure. The caliber of large veins, on the other hand, did not change until 15,000 ft, when a 6 percent increase was observed. Large arteries increased in diameter at 10,000 and Includes physiological factors; biological effects of radiation; and 15,000 ft by 7 and 8 percent, respectively, and small veins by 9 effects of weightlessness on man and animals. and 12 percent at the same altitudes. I.S.

A90-24429 A90-24426 THE ROLE OF SMOOTH PURSUIT IN SUPPRESSION OF CEREBRAL TISSUE OXYGEN STATUS AND PSYCHOMOTOR POST-ROTATIONAL NYSTAGMUS PERFORMANCE DURING LOWER BODY NEGATIVE G. MAGENES, R. SCHMID (Pavia, Universita, Italy), and J. VENTRE PRESSURE (LBNP) (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Bron, DAVID H. GLAISTER (USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, France) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN Brooks AFB, TX) and NlTA L. MILLER (Rother Development, Inc.; 0095-6562), vol. 61, Feb. 1990, p. 117-1 24. refs OAO Corp., San Antonio, TX) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Copyright Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, Feb. 1990, p. 99-105. refs Some authors have suggested that the smooth pursuit system Copyright (SPS) may be responsible for nystagmus suppression when a small Cerebral oxygen sufficiency was studied noninvasively, using visual target - stationary with respect to a subject receiving multiwavelength near-infrared spectrophotometry, in eight subjects vestibular stimulation in the dark - is presented. Under five exposed to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of up to -90 experimental conditions, post-rotational vestibular stimulations were mm Hg to induce presyncopal symptoms and signs. LBNP caused combined in different ways with the presentation of a small visual only small changes in the foregrain measures until the last 60 s target. The oculomotor responses of 15 normal subjects were of the exposures, whereupon oxyhemoglobin (Hb02) and oxidized recorded and analyzed. The characteristics of nystagmus cytochrome c oxidaze fell, reduced hemoglobin (Hb) rose slightly, suppression (latency, dynamics, and nonlinear behavior) seem to and the tissue blood volume (Hb02 + Hb) fell. In subjects showing be consistent with the hypothesis of SPS participation. A nonlinear presyncope, these changes anticipated the onset of a terminal mathematical model of the interaction between vestibulo-ocular bradycardia by some 20 s and may provide the trigger for reflex and SPS is presented. Computer simulation of tne cardiovascular decompensation, while the cessation of LBNP led experimental conditions considered in this study provides to an overshoot in cerebral blood volume suggestive of a reactive theoretical results which closely approximate the actual experi- hyperemia. Psychomotor testing showed a significant slowing of mental data. Author reaction time with LBNP. but only for the easiest component of a complex task, while saccadic latencies were found to be shortened following LBNP exposure. Author A90-24430 EFFECT OF SPECTRAL FLASH ON READAPTATION TIME LING WANG, PETER GOLDMANN, and BJORN TENGROTH A90-24427 (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden) Aviation, Space, and PHYSIOLOGIC CORRELATES OF PROTECTION AFFORDED Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, Feb. 1990, p. BY ANTI-G SUITS 125-131. Research supported by the Forsvarets Forskningsanstalt. ROBERT W. KRUTZ. JR.. ESTRELLA M. FORSTER (Krug refs International, San Antonio, TX), and RUSSELL R. BURTON (USA< Copyright School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX) Aviation, Space, The effects of an adapting flash of different colors on human and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 009565162), vol. 61, Feb. 1990, vision were investigated with various flashes and target luminances. p. 106-111. refs The readaptation time (RAT) was measured using optokinetic (Contract F33615-85-C-4503) nystagmus elicited by a projected moving striped pattern in a Copyright hemisphere. The RATS were recorded from 26 subjects with a A new uniform-pressure pneumatic anti-G suit (UPS) was multichannel pen recorder. Two target luminances (0.00001 1 cd/sq compared with the standard CSU-l3B/P anti-G suit, using m and 0.000026 cd/sq m and 12 flash wavelengths (449 nm, 456 measurements of blood lactate, heart rate changes, and segmented nm, 468 nm, 477 nm, 498 nm, 502 nm, 520 nm, 565 nm, 580 lower-body blood pooling (by impedance plethysmography). nm, 591 nm, 622 nm, and 703 nm) were used. A spectral RAT Subjects were exposed to a series of gradual-onset-rate runs (0.1 curve was obtained, which showed that the chromatic response G/s), rapid-onset-rate runs (6 G/s), and simulated aerial combat of RAT follows this order: green, blue, yellow, red in order of maneuvers (SACM) on the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine decreasing response. A larger influence of the variation of the human-use centrifuge. All measured parameters and subjective target luminance on the RAT was demonstrated at shorter reports indicated that increased protection was afforded by the wavelengths. The results also showed that the energy density of UPS. The impedance plethysmography measurements indicated the flash has a larger variation with the RAT in blue and green that prevention of blood pooling in all lower-body segments is the than in red. Author predominant mechanism whereby uniform pressure permits significantly longer times-to-fatigue during SACMs. Author A90-24432 MODERATE EXERCISE AND HEMODILUTION DURING SLEEP A90-24428 DEPRIVATION VASCULAR RESPONSE OF RETINAL ARTERIES AND VEINS JACK M. GOODMAN (Toronto, University, Canada), MICHAEL J. TO ACUTE HYPOXIA OF 8000, 10,000, 12,500, AND 15,000 PLYLEY, LUCY E. M. HART, MANNY RADOMSKI, and ROY J. FEET OF SIMULATED ALTITUDE SHEPHARD (Toronto, University; Defence and Civil Institute of OLAF BRINCHMANN-HANSEN (Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo, Environmental Medicine, Downsview, Canada) Aviation, Space, Noway) and KJELL MYHRE (Royal Norwegian Air Force, Institute and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, Feb. 1990, of Aviation Medicine, Oslo, Norway) Aviation, Space, and p. 139-144. Research supported by the Defence and Civil Institute Environmental Medicine (ISSN 009565162), vol. 61, Feb. 1990, p. of Environmental Medicine. refs 112-116. refs Copyright Copyright The effect of sleep deprivation, with or without physical exercise, The effect of acute hypoxia on the diameters of retinal arteries on the blood constituents of humans was investigated in 12 young and veins was investigated in men exposed to four different women who were isolated individually for 52 h without time cues altitudes (8000, 10,000, 12,500, and 15,000 ft) simulated in a and asked to perform a sequence of cognitive tasks. In the first low-pressure chamber. It was found that, already at 8000 ft, the experiment, without the exercise, there were significant decreases

114 52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE in hematocrit and red cell count over the first 24 hours, reaching A90-24435 a subsequent plateau or partial recovery. The plasma volume NEW PERSPECTIVES IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPOXIC AND increased by 10.7 percent at 52 hr. The plasma pH showed a ISCHEMIC BRAIN DAMAGE - EFFECT OF GANGLIOSIDES progressive fall from a baseline value of 7.381 to 7.332 at 52 h, G. ROTONDO, G. MANIERO (Roma, Universita, Rome, Italy), and while plasma bicarbonate decreased from a baseline value of 31.2 G. TOFFANO (Fidia Research Laboratories, Padua, Italy) Aviation, mM/L to the value of 26-27 mM/L. After eight weeks, all subjects Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, repeated the experiment, but with the introduction of 30 min of Feb. 1990, p. 162-164. refs exercise in the 40th hour of wakefulness. Following the exercise Copyright bout, the hematocrit and plasma volume increased, rather than Aircrews operating at high G and altitudes may be reaching a plateau, as in the first experiment. Plasma pH increased exposed to both physiological 8nd physical stresses capable of with exercise, but returned to the previous low level at 52 hr. inducting brain hypoxia. A potential therapeutic tool for the IS. treatment of flight personnel, monosialoganglioside (GMl) has been found to reduce deficits and enhance repair following CNS injury. A survey of experimental evidence concerning the effects of GM1 in the acute phase of CNS injury supports its proposed application A90-24433 for aerospace medicine. Author FUNCTIONAL ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY IN AVIATORS WITH RECURRENT SINUS WILLIAM E. BOLGER, DAVID S. PARSONS (USAF, Medical Center, A90-24436 Lackland AFB, TX), and RAYMOND E. MATSON (USAF, School POLICY CONSIDERATIONS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX) Aviation, Space, and VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION IN U.S. NAVAL AVIATION Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, Feb. 1990, p. PERSONNEL 148-156. refs JONATHAN B. CLARK (US. Navy, Naval Aerospace Medical Copyright Institute, Pensacola, FL) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Recurrent sinus barotrauma in an aviator is difficult to treat Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, Feb. 1990, p. 165-168. refs successfully. Exacerbations frequently result in marked aviator Copyright discomfort, cycles of temporary restriction from aviation duties, or This article reviews the available medical data that form the even permanent disqualification for flying duties. Medical basis for the US. Navy’s policy on aeromedical disposition of management and standard sinus operations are often ineffective, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seropositive flyers. Following seldom curative, and have a disappointing record in returning the a brief review of military HIV antibody testing and clinical evaluation, aviator to flying duties. Detailed computerized tomographic this article addresses the main issue in the Navy’s aeromedical scanning of the paranasal sinuses coupled with the functional disposition policy - the subtle neurologic sequelae of HIV infection endoscopic sinus surgery approach directs treatment at the or HIV encephalopathy. Following a review of the available causative pathology. Sinus ventilation is improved while making knowledge of HIV involvement in the nervous system, the possible a return to active flight status without recurrence of sinus aeromedical considerations that form the basis of Navy policy of barotrauma. Initial experience with the functional endoscopic sinus permanently grounding without waiver all HIV seropositive flyers surgery technique in such a patient population is reported. A is discussed. Author discussion of recurrent sinus barotrauma, paranasal sinus anatomy, and the theory of endoscopic surgical management for sinus A90-24437‘ Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. disease is included. Author MEDICAL IMPACT ANALYSIS FOR THE SPACE STATION ’ BRENT D. NELSON (LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT), REED M. GARDNER, DAVID V. OSTLER, JOHN M. SCHULZ, and JAMES A90-24434* Louisiana State Univ., Shreveport. S. LOGAN (NASA, Johnson Space Center; Krug International, THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ANTIMOTION SICKNESS Houston, TX; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT) Aviation, Space, MEDICATIONS ON THE SECONDARY SYMPTOMS OF MOTION and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, Feb. 1990, SICKNESS p. 169-175. refs C. D. WOOD, J. J. STEWART, M. J. WOOD, J. E. MANNO, 8. R. (Contract NAS9-17425) MANNO (Louisiana State University, Medical Center, Shreveport) Copyright et al. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN In this study, Space Station medical care priorities were 0095-6562). vol. 61, Feb. 1990, p. 157-161. refs determined by a medical impact analysis of two analog populations, (Contract NAGS-167) US. Army and US. Navy personnel. Diseases and injuries in the Copyright International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical In addition to nausea and vomiting, motion sickness involves Modification (ICD-9-CM) were ranked, using a Medical Impact Score slowing of brain waves, loss of performance, inhibition of gastric (MIS) combining modified incidence rate and a function of disease motility and the Sopite Syndrome. The therapeutic effects of outcome. The validity of the analysis method was tested by antimotion sickness drugs on these reactions were evaluated. The measuring rank order correlation between the two analog subjects were rotated to the M-Ill end-point of motion sickness. populations. Despite virtually identical age and sex distributions, Intramuscular (IM) medications were then administered. Side effects Army and Navy incidence rates differed significantly for half of before and after rotation were reported on the Cornell Medical the ICD-9-CM categories, p less than 0.05. Disability rates differed Index. Brain waves were recorded on a Grass Model 6 for 76 percent, p less than 0.05. Nevertheless, Army and Navy Electroencephalograph (EEG), and gastric emptying was studied MIS rank orders for categories and sections were not significantly after an oral dose of 1 mCi Technetium 99m DTPA in 10 oz. different, p less than 0.001. In critical ways, the Space Station isotonic saline. An increase in dizziness and drowsiness was will be a safer environment than earth. Cardiac events, reported with placebo after rotation. This was not prevented by musculoskeletal injuries, affective psychoses, and renal calculi were IM scopolamine 0.1 mg or ephedrine 25 mg. EEG recordings among the highest scoring categories. Author indicated a slowing of alpha waves with some thea and delta waves from the frontal areas after rotation. IM ephedine and A90-24759 dimenhydrinate counteracted the slowing while 0.3 mg scopolamine POSSIBILITIES OF USING FLIGHT SIMULATORS FOR had an additive effect. Alterations of performance on the pursuit CONTINUOUS MEDICAL SUPERVISION OF AIRCRAFT meter correlated with the brain wave changes. Gastric emptying PERSONNEL [VOZMOZHNOSTI ISPOL‘ZOVANIIA was restored by IM metoclopramide. Ephedrine IM but not AVIATSIONNYKH TRENAZHEROV V PROTSESSE scopolamine is effective for some of the secondary effects of DINAMICHESKOGO VRACHEBNOGO NABLlUDENllA ZA motion sickness after it is established. Author LETNYM SOSTAVOM]

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V. A. BODROV and V. V. KHARIN Voenno-Meditsinskii Zhurnal with nonweightbearing femurs. These data suggest that only about (ISSN 0026-9050), Nov. 1989, p. 51-55. In Russian. refs 25 percent of earth gravity may be needed to prevent metabolic Copyright bone abnormalities in spaceflight. C.D. It is known that some healthy pilots subjected to psychological stress during training that involves complicated and difficult maneuvers eventually exhibit excessive emotional activity and A90-24819# uncoordination during real flights that include complex aircraft SELECTION OF FOR A LUNAR maneuvers or encounter adverse meteorological conditions. This BASE - A TRADE OFF STUDY paper presents data on experiments with flight simulators, designed ANNA E. PETROPOULOS IN: Space manufacturing 7 - Space to identify the psychophysiological mechanisms involved in the resources to improve life on earth; Proceedings of the Ninth regulation and stabilization of the emotional activity of pilots Princeton/AIAA/SSI Conference, Princeton, NJ, May 10-13, 1989. engaged in flight activity, and to diagnose the disturbances of Washington, DC, American Institute of Aeronautics and these mechanisms. Some practical recommendations for aviation Astronautics, 1989, p. 332-336. refs physicians are given, derived from experimental findings on pilots Copyright with functional disorders of nervous and cardiovascular systems. The results of a tradeoff study for the selection of the most 1,s. appropriate atmospheric pressure level for a lunar base are reported. The factors considered include EVA norms, reduction of A90-24769 structural mass, quality control impacts of a lower pressure, toxicity, HUMANS IN SPACE - MEDICAL CHALLENGES volatility, flammability, cooling, contamination, space debris and JAMES W. HUMPHREYS, JR. IN: Space: National programs meteoroids, atmospheric pressure alteration, gas volume, cost and international cooperation. Boulder, CO, Westview Press, 1989, projections for pressure maintenance, plans for agriculture areas p. 125-134. and research facilities, health maintenance, and international Copy right compatibility. It is concluded that the lunar base should be The biomedical aspects of human space activity are examined. maintained at an atmospheric pressure of 14.7 psi. C.D. An overview of the history of the study of biomedical problems associated with space flight is given. Consideration is given to determining the optimal atmosphere for the cabin of a spacecraft, A90-24820*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the effect of microgravity on physiologic functions, the effects of Washington, DC. radiation and isolation, and problems associated with the lack of SPACE IMMUNOLOGY - PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE the usual cycles of light and darkness. Also, the problems of GARY R. COULTER (NASA, Washington, DC), GERALD R. nourishment and the elimination of body wastes are discussed. TAYLOR (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX), and R.B. GERALD SONNENFELD (Louisville, University, KY) IN: Space manufacturing 7 - Space resources to improve life on earth; A90-24817*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Proceedings of the Ninth Princeton/AIAA/SSI Conference, Washington, DC. Princeton, NJ, May 10-13, 1989. Washington, DC, American ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY AS A COUNTERMEASURE IN Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989, p. 337, 338. LONG-DURATION MANNED SPACE FLIGHT refs JAMES W. WOLFE and FRANK M. SULZMAN (NASA, Washington, Copyright DC) IN: Space manufacturing 7 - Space resources to improve Research results on the causes and mechanisms of change in life on earth; Proceedings of the Ninth Princeton/AIAA/SSI immune systems during spaceflight are briefly reviewed. The most Conference, Princeton, NJ, May 10-13, 1989. Washington, DC, reliable conclusion from the sparse existing data is that postflight American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989, p. crew members exhibit a transient neutrophilia, eosinopenia, 309-311. monocytopenia, reduced numbers of circulating T cells, and an Copyright often pronounced decrease in the ability of their T cells to respond The physiological problems caused by prolonged weightlessness to mitogen stimulation. Clinically, no direct predictive relationship are briefly discussed. Prolonged bed rest is examined as a simu- between any of these measurements and increased health risk or lant of prolonged microgravity exposure. The rotation of a space- disease has been established. Future areas of research are craft is considered as a menas to counteract the problems caused suggested in light of NASA’s emerging requirements to support by prolonged weightlessness. C.D. long-duration missions. C.D.

A90-24818# PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY A 90 - 2 6 00 9 L. W. SCHULTHEIS (Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MOTION SICKNESS SUSCEPTIBILITY AND AEROBIC FITNESS MD), M. FALLON (Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA), - A LONGITUDINAL STUDY G. KIEBZAK (NIH, Gerontology Research Center, Bethesda, MD; 8. S. K. CHEUNG, K. E. MONEY, and I. JACOBS (Defence and Science Applications International Corp., San Diego, CA), F. Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, Downsview, Canada) KAPLAN (Pennsylvania, University Hospital, Philadelphia), and R. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), BENOIT (Maryland, University, College Park) IN: Space vol. 61, March 1990, p. 201-204. refs manufacturing 7 - Space resources to improve life on earth; Copyright Proceedings of the Ninth Princeton/AIAA/SSI Conference, A longitudinal study evaluated the susceptibility to motion Princeton, NJ, May 10-13, 1989. Washington, DC, American sickness in initially unfit subjects before and after an endurance Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989, p. 31 2-321. refs training program. Motion stimulation was provided by the Precision Copyright Angular Mover in which the subject was tumbled head over heels A suspended rat model has been developed which simulates about an earth-horizontal axis at 20 cycles per minute in darkness, ambulatory forces on weight-bearing bone at 0, 25, 50, 75, and Maximal aerobic power and the blood lactate response to 100 percent of earth gravity. Dynamic histomorphometry of rat submaximal exercise were evaluated with cycle ergometry. The tibias demonstrate that trabecular bone mass describes a sigmoid training program caused significant improvements in maximal function of weightbearing, with a plateau at 25-75 percent oxygen uptake and endurance capacity, and a significant decrease weightbearing. A similar sigmoid curve describes bone formation in percent body fat. There was a significant (p less than 0.0125) rate as indicated by fluorescent tetracycline labels and trabecular increase in motion sickness susceptibility after the physical training, osteoid seam width. Bone resorption is constant in rats suspended suggesting that increased physical fitness caused increased at 25-100 percent weightbearing, and significantly elevated in rats susceptibility to motion sickness in some individuals. Author

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A90-26011 value calculated during oscillations similar to that of the nonperiodic EFFECTS OF WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION WAVEFORM AND breathers. It is concluded that lung 02 uptake during PB is DISPLAY COLLIMATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A preserved. Author COMPLEX MANUAL CONTROL TASK RONALD W. MCLEOD and MICHAEL J. GRIFFIN (Southampton, A90-26014 University, England) Aviation, Space, and Environmental'Medicine EFFECT OF HYPOXIA ON V02 KINETICS DURING (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, March 1990, p. 211-219. refs PSEUDORANDOM BINARY SEQUENCE EXERCISE Copyright R. L. HUGHSON, H. C. XING, G. C. BUTLER, and D. R. NORTHEY An experiment is described in which two independent groups (Waterloo, University, Canada) Aviation, Space, and Environmental of eight subjects each performed a combined continuous and Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, March 1990, p. 236-239. discrete tracking task during exposure to vertical whole-body Research supported by NSERC. refs vibration. Both groups received sinusoidal and random vibration Copyright at preferred third-octave center frequencies of 0.5-10 Hz. One The dynamic response characteristics of the oxygen uptake group performed the task with the display collimated by a convex (V02) response were investigated during upright cycle ergometer lens. Without the collimation, performance was disrupted by both exercise in six healthy male volunteers, which consisted of a types of vibration at all vibration frequencies; collimation removed pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) with 15 units per the disruption at frequencies above 1.6 Hz. There were differences sequence, each unit 15 sec long, for a total period of 225 sec. in the effects of random and sinusoidal vibration at 2.0 and 2.5 Each subject exercised under both normoxic and hypoxic (F102 Hz, suggesting that compensatory eye movements were assisting = 14 percent) conditions. V02 was measured breath-by-breath. performance during exposure to the predictable sinusoidal motion. The data were analyzed in the frequency domain by Fourier analysis The results show that continuous control performance was to yield amplitude and phase shift coefficients for the relationship disrupted by visual interference at frequencies above 1.6 Hz; between the input work rate and the output responses of V02 closed-loop system transfer functions showed that visual and heart rate (HR). The amplitude of the V02/work-rate ratio interference increased the phase lags which impaired control was significantly reduced by hypoxia compared to normoxia over performance. Possible mechanisms explaining the disruption in a wide range of frequencies. The mean V02 was not different performance at lower frequencies are discussed. Author between hypoxia and normoxia. The phase shift for the V02/work-rate response was significantly greater for hypoxia than A90-26012 normoxia. Author ALTITUDE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND MOOD STATES DURING A CLIMB TO 3,630 METERS A90-26015 BARBARA SHUKITT-HALE, TERRY M. RAUCH, and RICHARD CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE TO 4 HOURS OF 6-DEG FOUTCH (U.S. Army, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, HEAD-DOWN TILT OR OF 30-DEG HEAD-UP TILT BED REST Natick, MA) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN GARY C. BUTLER, HUACHENG XING, and RICHARD L. 0095-6562), vol. 61, March 1990, p. 225-228. refs HUGHSON (Waterloo, University, Canada) Aviation, Space, and Copyright Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, March 1990, The effects of an ascent to 3600-m altitude on the altitude p. 240-246. Research supported by NSERC. refs symptomatology and mood states in humans were assessed in Copyright seven male volunteers during a period of a 7-day climb to 3600 The cardiovascular responses to 4 h of 6-deg head-down tilt m of Mt. Sanford, Alaska. The symptoms and moods were self-rated (HDT) were compared to those of 4 h of 30-deg head-up tilt five times, using the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire and (HUT) following a period of 1 h baseline in the 30-deg HUT position. the Profile of Mood States questionnaire, respectively: twice at Eight healthy males completed each tilt position. Immediately on 2225 m, then at 2530, 3080, and 3630 m. It was found that, as assuming HDT, heart rate decreased slightly from baseline, but the ascent progressed, subjects experienced more respiratory acute did not differ from HUT. Stroke volume and cardiac output both mountain sickness, exertion stress, and muscular discomfort, and increased significantly by as much as 54 percent and 26 percent, they were colder, less alert, less vigorous, and more fatigued than respectively, in the first minute of HDT. The difference between at the altitude of 2225 m. These changes occurred primarily at HDT and HUT was no longer present after 30 min. Mean arterial 3630 m, but most also occurred at 3080 m. I.S. blood pressure was unchanged throughout 4 h or HUT or HDT. The ratio of preinjection period to left ventricular ejection time A90-26013 was significantly decreased across all 4 h of HDT. Plasma volume PERIODIC BREATHING AND 02 SATURATION IN RELATION was slightly elevated over the 4 h of HDT, while plasma hemoglobin TO SLEEP STAGES AT HIGH ALTITUDE concentration was significantly reduced. No evidence of a HERVE NORMAND, MARIO BARRAGAN, ODILE BENOIT, was found with 4 h HDT. Plasma catecholamines were not different OLlVlER BAILLIART, and JEANNE RAYNAUD (Instituto Boliviano between HDT and HUT. Author de Biologia de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia; Caen, Universite; Centre Chirurgical Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson; lnstitut A90-26016 National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Paris, THE USE OF TYMPANOMETRY TO DETECT AEROTITIS France) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN MEDIA IN HYPOBARIC CHAMBER OPERATIONS 0095-6562), vol. 61, March 1990, p. 229-235. Research supported JAMES A. DEVINE, VINCENT A. FORTE, PAUL B. ROCK, and by Ministere des Relations Exterieures of France, CNRS, and ALLEN CYMERMAN (U.S.Army, Research Institute of Universite Paris XI. refs Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA) Aviation, Space, and Copyright Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, March 1990, This study was designed to compare sleep organization at high p. 251-255. refs altitude (HA) and sea level (SL) and to estimate the extent periodic Copyright breathing (PB) negatively influences arterial 02 saturation (Sa02). Diagnosis and quantification of aerotitis media were performed Six lowlanders were studied at SL and after three weeks spent at using a modified commercially-available tympanometer under 3800 m (La Paz, Bolivia). Three electroencephalogram leads, hypobaric conditions. Subjects were 22 males and 9 females, 22-43 electrooculogram, submental electromyogram, chest and abdominal years of age, who were tested in each ear with the tympanometer motion, temperature of ventilated gas, and Sa02 were poly- prior to and after exposure, sequentially at the barometric pressure graphically recorded. Comparison of HA and SL data disclosed plateaus of 706, 656, 609, 586, 564, and 522 mm Hg, and following that: (1) sleep organization was identical, with the same percentage an induced ear block during a 1-min descent from 522 to 586 of REM and stage 4; (2) PB occurred in three subjects during all mm Hg. Each subject was examined once either alone or in pairs stages of sleep except REM; and (3) during PB, Sa02 oscillated during a 90-min exposure. Aerotitis media was detected using very regularly from 78-90 percent, which resulted in a mean Sa02 tympanometry at simulated altitude as evidenced by the difference

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between measurements made during induced ear blocks and those changes were recorded during the ACM missions. It is found that made prior to inducement, as well as following relief of the pressure the concentration of saliva cortisol slightly increased after the differential with the . There were no significant ground control intercept mission, but did not increase after night differences between pre- and postinduced aerotitis media values navigation. The salivary cortisol level was significantly increased at 586 mm Hg, or between pre- and posthypobaria. The study after the ACM mission. The difference between the saliva cortisol suggests that tympanometry can be a valuable tool in managing response to the simulated ACM in anti-G training and the actual aerotitis media in the aeromedical environment. Author response during the ACM mission is discussed. R.B.

A90-26017 A90-26125# CLINICAL ASPECTS OF INFLIGHT INCAPACITATIONS IN THE INFLUENCE OF VISUAL CUE UPON THE CENTER OF COMMERCIAL AVIATION FOOT PRESSURE (CFP) AND MUSCLE ACTIVITIES IN ALAIN MARTIN-SAINT-LAURENT, JEAN LAVERNHE, GERARD POSTURE CONTROL - UNDER A 1.5-DEGREE VISUAL FIELD CASANO, and ALAIN SIMKOFF (Air France, Paris) Aviation, CONDITION Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, NORIKO NITAMI, MlKlO ONO, and HlROSHl OSADA Japan Air March 1990, p. 256-260. refs Self Defense Force, Aeromedical Laboratory, Reports (ISSN Copyright 0023-2858), vol. 29, Dec. 1988, p. 121-133. In Japanese, with This study examines the causes of sudden in-flight abstract in English. refs incapacitation in Air France pilots and flight engineers from 1968-88. The influence of visual cue on posture control is studied using Ten cases were reported out of a population of 1,800 cockpit subjects examined in Romberg’s and Mann’s posture under three crew, each flying an average of 600 h/year. These incapacitations types of visual conditions: open eyes, closed eyes, and a 1.5 were due to cardiac disorders (one atrial fibrillation, one sinus degree visual field. The center of foot pressure power components tachycardia), epileptic attacks (two generalized seizures), duodenal and axis shifts were measured for both postures under the three hemorrhages (two cases), infection (one case of severe vertigo visual conditions. R.B. due to viral labyrinthitis), metabolic disorders (one case of hypoglycemia), and sometimes disorders affecting the whole crew A90-26126# (one case of hypoxia due to a pressurization deficiency, one case RESULTS OF UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT EXAMINATION OF of C02 intoxication caused by the inadequate packaging of a PHYSICAL EXAMINATION FOR FLYING IN AGED PILOTS container refrigerated in dry ice). Seven times out of ten, MASASHI KAT0 and YOUSUKE SHIMAMOTO Japan Air Self incapacitations occurred during cruising, twice during approach, Defense Force, Aeromedical Laboratory, Reports (ISSN and once on the ground before starting up, with closed doors 0023-2858), vol. 29, Dec. 1988, p. 135-141. In Japanese, with (CO2 intoxication). Two of these incapacitations led to flight abstract in English. refs diversions. In this series, incapacitations of a cardiac nature were Results are presented from the radiographic or endoscopic rarer and less serious than those caused by gastrointestinal or upper digestive tract examinations performed on pilots over 40 neurological disorders. Prevention is based on detection during yrs old in Japan. Gastric ulcers, gastric cancer, and duodenal systematic medical check-ups, and on crews being trained to ulcers were found in 1.9, 0.1, and 3.2 percent of the 651 pilots recognize subtle incapacitations early. Author examined in 1987. It is suggested that the incidence of duodenal ulcer in the pilots over 40 yrs old is higher than those in other A90-26019 populations of the same age. R.B. VOICE ANALYSIS TO PREDICT THE PSYCHOLOGICAL OR PHYSICAL STATE OF A SPEAKER A90-26243# ROBERT RUIZ, CLAUDE LEGROS, and ANTONIO GUELL EFFECTS OF HEAT STRESS ON COGNITIVE AND (Laboratoire d’ Acoustique, de Metrologie et d’ I n st r u me n t at ion ; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE, WITH AND WITHOUT HEAD CNES, Toulouse, France) Aviation, Space, and Environmental COOLING Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, March 1990, p. 266-271. JOHN W. GOSBEE (Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Krug Research supported by CNES. refs International Corp., Houston, TX) and MELCHOR J. ANTUNANO Copyright (Wright State University, Dayton, OH) IN: International Symposium A vocal message, apart from its semantic content, carries on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, information on the psychological and physiological condition of Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, the speaker. Physical fatigue and especially psychological stress p. 506-511. refs are the pathological elements of the condition. The accepted term Human cognitive decrements under heat stress are measured for the cause of these effects is the ’workload’. This article and characterized using a portable head cooling system. The skin describes the main research carried out since the 1940’s to and core temperature, heart rate, and body fluid loss of eleven measure the acoustic modifications of the voice brought about by subjects were measured for one hour under three different a workload. It concludes by a critical analysis of the studies and conditions: at an effective temperature of 23 C, and at an effective a short description of the perspectives for research. Their results temperature of 33 C with and without head cooling. In the heat mainly concern astronauts and pilots involved in specific high-stress stress condition, the average skin temperature dropped 4.3 C, the tasks and possible users of voice recognition systems. All the average core temperature dropped 0.5 C, and the average body studies show an excellent approach to this field of research but fluid loss was 350 ml. It is found that these physiological changes deserve to be widened, deepened, and made more accurate to were improved when the head cooling system was used. It is enable estimating the nature or level of reaction to a workload. found, however, that there is no significant difference in cognitive Author or psychomotor performance under the three conditions. R.B.

A90-26 124# A90-26248# CHANGE IN SALIVA CORTISOL LEVEL OF F-15 FIGHTER BIOGENIC /METABOLIC RESPONSE PROFILES OF PILOTS FLYING SEVERAL TRAINING MISSIONS PILOTS - AN APPROACH TO STUDY PHYSIOLOGICAL HIDE0 TARUI, FUKUMI NOZAWA, FUMIKO TAJIMA, YUKIKO RESPONSES KAKIMOTO, and AKlO NAKAMURA Japan Air Self Defense J. HARRIS, G. S. KRAHENBUHL, and J. R. STERN (Arizona State Force, Aeromedical Laboratory, Reports (ISSN 0023-2858), vol. University, Tempe) IN: International Symposium on Aviation 29, Dec. 1988, p. 113-119. In Japanese, with abstract in English. Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. refs Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 533-538. Changes in the salivary cortisol levels of F-15J fighter pilots Research supported by USAF and Arizona State University. refs are examined for night navigation, ground control intercept, and Results are presented from a cluster analysis of data on the aerial combat maneuver (ACM) training missions. Also, + Gz urinary excretion of biogenic neurotransmitters and their

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metabolites by USAF student pilots during training. The hypoxia and cold exposure, shivering and DBP were higher and concentrations of several amines and metabolites in the basal Tre was lower, compared with room-temperature hypoxia, whereas state and in response to several stressor conditions are compared. oxygen uptake and blood glycerol were depressed. IS. It is found that biochemical stress response patterns vary with the mode of stress. It is suggested that the study demonstrates A90-26380 the usefulness of cluster analysis procedures for studying EEG-REACTIONS IN HUMANS TO LIGHT FLASHES OF multicomponent chromatographic biochemical data. R.B. VARIOUS FREQUENCY [ EEG-REAKTSII CHELOVEKA NA PRERYVISTYE SVETOVYE VOZDElSTVllA RAZNOI A90-26293# CHASTOTY] IS HEART RATE A VALID, RELIABLE, AND APPLICABLE A. I. FEDOTCHEV and A. T. BONDAR' (AN SSSR, lnstitut INDEX OF PILOT WORKLOAD IN COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT Biologicheskoi Fiziki, Pushchino, USSR) Uspekhi Fiziologicheskikh AIRCRAFT? Nauk (ISSN 0301-1798), vol. 21, Jan.-Mar. 1990, p. 97-109. In S. A. METALIS, M. A. BIFERNO, and W. H. CORWIN (Douglas Russian. refs Aircraft Co., Long Beach, CA) IN: International Symposium on Copyright Aviation Psychology, 5th. Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, The effect of intermittent light stimuli on the electric activity of Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, the cerebral cortex is examined on the basis of published results, p. 814-819. with special consideration given to the dependence of this effect As part of a larger study of the validity and reliability of various on the frequency of light flashes and the regional and hemispheric workload measures for use in aircraft certification, heart period specificity of EEG reactions to light signals with linearly increasing was investigated. Pilots flew either normal or high workload frequency. It is concluded that EEG reactions to flashing light are missions in a E-727 simulator. The results indicate that heart period of resonant nature and that the reactions are frequency-dependent as a supplemental index of workload is applicable to transport and stable, and specific with respect to the cerebral region and aircraft flight decks. Some sampling artifacts make a strong hemisphere. IS. interpretation tenuous, but samples of 30 heartbeats proved sensitive to workload manipulations and appear to capture the A90-27403' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. phasic changes in workload better than the heart data collected Lyndon E. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. from the entire measurement window. Author RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH RISKS D. STUART NACHTWEY (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, A90-26320 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 5 p. refs INFLUENCE OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM ON (SAE PAPER 891432) Copyright HUMAN FOREARM BLOOD FLOW The crew of a manned Mars mission will be unavoidably exposed CARSTEN STADEAGER, BIRGER HESSE, OLE HENRIKSEN, to galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux. The Mars mission crew shielded FLEMMING BONDE-PETERSEN, JESPER MEHLSEN (Hvidovre by 2 g/sq cm AI could receive about 0.7 Sv in a 460-day mission Hospital; Glostrup Hospital; National Hospital, Copenhagen, at solar minimum. However, three-fourths of this dose-equivalent Denmark) et al. Journal of Applied Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567), in free space is contributed by high LET heavy ions (Z 3 or greater) vol. 68, Feb. 1990. p. 527-532. Research supported by and target fragments with average Q of 10.3 and 20, respectively. Rumudvalget, Merck, Sharp og Dohme, and Leo Pharmaceutical Such high quality factors for these particles may be inappropriate. Products. refs Moreover, in a 460-day mission, less than half of the nuclei in the Copyright body of an astronaut will have been traversed by a single heavy In 13 healthy Na(+)-depleted subjects the forearm blood flow particle. The entire concept of absorbed doselquality factorddose- (FBF) was measured by the Xe-133 washout technique; equivalents as applied to GCR must be reconsidered. Author subcutaneous and muscle blood flows were determined separately. FBF was measured during supine rest, after the arm was lowered, and during lower body negative pressure (LBNP). The A90-27405 measurements were repeated during intra-arterial saralasin infusion PERIODIC ACCELERATION STIMULATION IN SPACE i in six subjects and after intravenous administration of enalapril in RUSSELL R. BURTON (USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, seven subjects. FBF decreased and forearm vascular resistance Brooks AFB, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental (FVR) increased during arm lowering and LBNP, as the result of Systems, ISth, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 6 p. refs local and central adrenergic reflexes, respectively. Similar FBF (SAE PAPER 891434) Copyright and FVR values were observed after both saralasin and enalapril, The need to provide acceleration in space for astronauts to except for a decrease in FVR at rest after enalapril. It is concluded prevent the physiologic debilitating effects of weightlessness that, in the human forearm, angiotensin II is not necessary for termed the weightless adaptation syndrome (WAS), is discussed. sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes but may, through a central The use of a short-radius 1.5-1.8 m centrifuge to provide effect, have some influence on arteriolar tone at rest. Author short-duration (less than 2 hrs) periodic (perhaps daily or less frequent) exposures of 1 G or greater to prevent WAS is proposed. A90-26322 This approach is termed periodic acceleration stimulation in a METABOLIC EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO HYPOXIA PLUS weightless environment (PAS-WE). Four human-use studies are COLD AT REST AND DURING EXERCISE IN HUMANS described that are considered necessary to validate the usefulness KEITH A. ROBINSON and EMILY M. HAYMES (Florida State of PAS-WE to prevent WAS and to provide the necessary University, Tallahassee) Journal of Applied Physiology (ISSN information for aerospace engineers to design and build the proper 0161-7567). vol. 68, Feb. 1990, p. 720-725. refs centrifuge for Space Station. Author Copy right The effects of exposure of humans to hypoxia, cold, and a A90-27439' Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Houston, combination of two stressors on physiological and metabolic TX. responses at rest and during exercise were investigated. It was ENABLING HUMAN EXPLORATION OF SPACE - A LIFE found that hypoxia increased the heart rate (HR), systolic blood SCIENCES OVERVIEW pressure (SBP), pulmonary ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio KAREN K. GAISER (Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., (R), blood lactate, and perceived exertion during exercise, while Washington. DC) and FRANK M. SULZMAN (NASA, Life Sciences depressing rectal temperature (Tre) and oxygen uptake. The Div., Washington, DC) SAE, lntersociety Conference on exposure to cold was found to elevate SBP, diastolic blood pressure Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, (DBP), pulmonary ventilation, oxygen uptake, blood glucose, and 1989. 6 p. blood glycerol, but to decrease HR, Tre, and R. In the combined (SAE PAPER 891471) Copyright

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In the transition from the short-duration missions of the Space A90-27457 Shuttle era to long-duration exploration missions, the health and POTENTIAL FOR REDUCTION OF DECOMPRESSION safety of crewmembers must be ensured. The body undergoes SICKNESS BY PREBREATHING WITH 100 PERCENT OXYGEN many complex physiological changes as a result of its adaptation WHILE EXERCISING to a microgravity environment and U.S. and Soviet experiences JAMES T. WEBB, JANET F. WIEGMAN (Krug International Corp., have shown that time is required for readaptation to gravity. The San Antonio, TX), and GENE A. DIXON (USAF, School of consequences of these changes for the extended exploration Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX) SAE, lntersociety missions envisioned for the future are unknown. A Mars mission Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July may require crewmembers to spend many months in microgravity, 24-26, 1989. 6 p. refs and then work effectively in a one-third gravity environment. Other (Contract F33615-85-C-4503; F33615-89-C-0603) problems may arise when returning crewmembers must readapt (SAE PAPER 891490) Copyright to earth’s gravity. Life Sciences activities are being planned to Exercise performed for at least 30 min while prebreathing 100 systematically address the physiological issues involved with percent oxygen prior to decompression has been reported to long-term manned exploration missions, through ground-based increase efficiency of denitrogenation by 100-500 percent. The studies and flight investigations on the Shuttle and Space Station incidence of following such a prebreathe Freedom. The areas of focus are artificial gravity, radiation, health was decreased by 50 percent compared to resting prebreathe. care, and space human factors. Author This article provides background and recommends parameters for a test to determine the operational feasibility of prebreathing with exercise. Author

A90-27441 A90-27509 USE OF QUANTITATIVE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG) IN DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS RISKS FOR EUROPEAN EVA THE EVALUATION OF FATIGUE ASSOCIATED WITH LORENZ VOGT, JUERGEN WENZEL (DLR, lnstitut fuer PRESSURE GLOVE WORK Flugmedizin, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany), STEPHEN PAUL A. FURR, JOHN M. O’HARA, MICHAEL BRIGANTI LUCK (Dornier GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Federal Republic of (Grumman Space Systems, Bethpage, NY), and SERGE ROY Germany), and BENGT SVENSSON (ESTEC, Noordwijk, (Boston University, MA) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Netherlands) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 8 Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 10 p. refs p. refs (SAE PAPER 891546) Copyright (SAE PAPER 891473) Copyright The design of a European space suit with a design pressure Noninvasive EMG was used to evaluate fatigue of the finger of 500 hPa requires a reevaluation of the protective procedures flexors, thumb flexor, and wrist extensor muscles associated with for space-suit decompression. An R factor of 1.2 and a tissue hand work. The 1000 series pressure suit glove was used in half-time of 360 minutes in a single-tissue model have been conjunction with a glove box testing methodology. Determination identified as appropriate operational values. On the basis of an of the degree of muscle fatigue was based on an analysis of the acceptable risk level of approximately 1 percent, oxygen change in the median frequency of the EMG associated with prebreathing times are proposed for (1) direct pressure reduction bare-hand, gloved-hand10 psid and gloved-handl4.3 psid work. from 1013 hPa to a suit pressure of 500 hPa and (2) staged The methodology for collecting EMG data and the analysis of the decompression using a 700-hPa intermediate stage in the median frequency as a physiological means of quantifying muscle spacecraft cabin. In addition, factors which influence individual fatigue is presented. The intent of this program was to develop susceptibility to DCS are identified. Author objective means of analyzing hand performance for any pressure glove design, and compare it to bare-hand performance. Author A90-27555 MEDICAL GUIDELINES FOR PROTECTING CREWS WITH FLAME-SUPPRESSANT ATMOSPHERES DOUGLAS R. KNIGHT (US. Navy, Naval Submarine Medical A90-27454’ National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Research Laboratory, Groton, CT) SAE, lntersociety Conference Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA. on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. PRELIMINARY ANALYSES OF SPACE RADIATION 7 p. Research supported by the U.S. Navy. refs PROTECTION FOR LUNAR BASE SURFACE SYSTEMS (SAE PAPER 891 596) Copyright JOHN E. NEALY, JOHN W. WILSON, and LAWRENCE W. General guidelines for each of three proposed modifications of TOWNSEND (NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA) sea-level air are presented. The flame can be reduced by SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, lowering the oxygen concentration although excessive modification San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 12 p. refs of the atmosphere can cause a number of medical problems: (SAE PAPER 891487) Copyright hypoxia, barotrauma, narcosis, or decompression sickness. Radiation shielding analyses are performed for candidate lunar These conditions establish the basic medical criteria for designing base habitation modules. The study primarily addresses potential habitable atmospheres to reduce the flame hazard of fires. hazards due to contributions from the galactic cosmic rays. The Experimental evidence supports the use of 130-torr oxygen to NASA Langley Research Center’s high energy nucleon and heavy design habitable, flame-suppressant atmospheres. It is concluded ion transport codes are used to compute propagation of radiation that life-support systems and medical technology allow the design through conventional and regolith shield materials. Computed and operational use of habitable, flame-suppressant atmospheres. values of linear energy transfer are converted to biological R.E.P. dose-equivalent using quality factors established by the International Commision of Radiological Protection. Special fluxes N90-17253# Florida Univ.. Gainesville. Dept. of Psychology. of heavy charged particles and corresponding dosimetric quantities AUDITORY PATTERN MEMORY: MECHANISMS OF TONAL are computed for a series of thicknesses in various shield media SEQUENCE DISCRIMINATION BY HUMAN OBSERVERS and are used as an input data base for algorithms pertaining to Annual Report, 1 Oct. 1988 - 31 Oct. 1989 specific shielded geometries. Dosimetric results are presented as ROBERT D. SORKIN 31 Oct. 1989 17 p isodose contour maps of shielded configuration interiors. The dose (Contract AF-AFOSR-0021-89; AF PROJ. 231 3) predictions indicate that shielding requirements are substantial, and (AD-A214494; AFOSR-89-1349TR) Avail: NTlS HC AO3/MF A01 an abbreviated uncertainty analysis shows that better definition of CSCL 06/4 the space radiation environment as well as improvement in nuclear A series of experiments testing the discrimination of random interaction cross-section data can greatly increase the accuracy temporal patterns (single frequency tone sequences) was of shield requirement predictions. Author performed. The observer’s task was to discriminate whether two

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sequences of tones contained the same or different patterns of DIANE L. DAMOS 3 Apr. 1989 37 p temporal gaps. Half of the experimental trials contained gap (AD-A214673; NAMRL-MONOGRAPH-37) Avail: NTlS HC sequences that were perfectly correlated across the two sequences AO3/MF A01 CSCL 06/4 (e.g., the temporal patterns were identical), and half the trials This monograph examines the magnitude of circadian effects contained gap sequences that were partially correlated (the on selected information processing tasks. The monograph begins correlation was controlled by adding the outputs of two normal with a brief discussion of the statistical and methodological deviate generators). A model of discrimination, based on problems associated with assessing circadian effects. The computation of the sample correlation between the gaps, and remainder of the monograph reviews the pertinent literature. Each limited by a fixed source of internal (independent) temporal noise, study is described briefly first and critically examined from a allowed good prediction of observer performance. Some additional methodological standpoint. Then, the maximum and minimum sources of variance were due to encoding or memory limitations. circadian effects are presented as a percentage of mean The correlation model makes specific predictions about the performance to allow the results to be compared across studies. consequences of sequence time compression and expansion on Approximately half of the statistical tests conducted to detect performance; experiments are under way to evaluate the effects circadian effects were nonsignificant. The majority of circadian of these transformations. GRA effects, regardless of their statistical significance, showed less than a 10 percent difference between mean performance and N90-17254# Army Aeromedical Research Lab., Fort Rucker, either the maximum or minimum Performance. GRA AL. Biodynamics Research Div. SIMULATOR SICKNESS IN THE AH-1S (COBRA) FLIGHT N90-17257# Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab., Pensacola, SIMULATOR Final Report FL. DANIEL W. GOWER, JR. and JENNIFER FOWLKES (Essex Corp., IDENTIFYING THE CIRCADIAN CYCLE IN HUMAN Orlando, FL.) Sep. 1989 78 p INFORMATION PROCESSING DATA USING PERIODICITY (Contract DA PROJ. 3E1-62777-A8-79) ANALYSIS A SYNOPSIS Interim Report (AD-A214562; USAARL-89-20) Avail: NTlS HC AOWMF A01 DIANE L. DAMOS 3 Apr. 1989 9 p CSCL 06/10 (ADA214674; NAMRL-TM-89-1) Avail: NTlS HC A02/MF A01 Field studies of operational flight simulators were conducted CSCL 0614 to assess the incidence and severity of simulator sickness. Data from human information processing tasks frequently cannot Simulator sickness here refers to the constellation of motion satisfy the assumptions of many common periodicity techniques. sickness related symptoms that occur in simulators due to visual This memorandum identifies appropriate techniques for data that representation, motion base representation, or combination of the cannot meet all of the assumptions of the more familiar ones. two representations of flight. The incidence rates and relative GRA frequency of specific symptoms are presented. Correlational factors such as recent simulator experience, current state of health, overall N90-17258# Defence Research Establishment Atlantic, flight experience, mission scenario, and flight dynamics are Dartmouth (Nova Scotia). Research and Development Branch. presented. The Army’s flight simulators are ranked in comparison HUMAN FACTORS IN THE NAVAL ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW to the 10 Navy simulators studied by the Naval Training Systems OF MOTION SICKNESS AND BIODYNAMIC PROBLEMS Center, Orlando, FL. The need is reinforced for studies to JAMES L. COLWELL Sep. 1989 70 p understand perceptual rearrangement, adaptation/readaptation, (ADA214733; DREA-TM-891220) Avail: NTlS HC A04/MF A01 and pilot susceptibility to the effects of simulation. Design criteria CSCL 06/ 10 for simulators, as well as those training guidelines necessary to Two types of motion-induced problems affecting human cope with this phenomenon also must be addressed. GRA performance in the naval environment are reviewed; motion sickness and biodynamic problems. Methods for predicting the N90-17255# Army Aeromedical Research Lab., Fort Rucker, incidence of motion sickness are described and evaluated, and AL. Sensory Research Div. problems associated with modeling complex motions are discussed. EVALUATION OF TWO OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF References for quantifying habituation are cited and methods for EFFECTIVE AUDITORY STIMULUS LEVEL defining the severity of motion sickness symptoms are described. TED L. LANGFORD, BEN T. MOZO, and JAMES H. PATTERSON, Biodynamic problems are briefly discussed, including the JR. Aug. 1989 28 p low-frequency, large-amplitude problems of motion-induced (AD-A214669; USAARL-89-18) Avail: NTlS HC AOS/MF A01 interruptions (MII) and fatigue; and the higher-frequency problems CSCL 06116 of manual control and vision. Methodologies and criteria for The brainstem auditory evoked response and the 40-Hz evaluating human performance within the systems approach to component of the auditory mid-latency response were measured seakeeping assessment are discussed and topics for future work in human subjects as a function of stimulus frequency and level are recommended. GRA to determine whether one of the two could be used to provide a reliable estimation of the amount of attenuation provided by hearing N90-17259# Human Systems Div., Brooks AFB, TX. protective devices in situations in which the time available for ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH measurement is restricted. Under the conditions of the present SPECIAL EMPHASIS AREA PLAN (SEAP) Final Report, Sep. experiment, the variability of the data for both types of measure 1988 - May 1989 was too great to permit a reliable estimation of effective stimulus JOHN C. BONNIN and RICHARD B. DRAWBAUGH Jun. 1989 level. Potentially harmful noise levels in many military environments 24 P require the use of hearing-protective devices by personnel operating (ADA214738; HSD-SR-89-019) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 in those environments. A rapid, reliable, and valid method for the CSCL 06/14 field measurement of the amount of attenuation afforded by the The Deputy for Development Planning, Human Systems various hearing protectors is needed to ensure that the devices Division, is tasked with performing studies and analyses to identify are being properly used and are effective in reducing noise future requirements in the areas of crew protection and aerospace exposure. At present, a method for objectively measuring the medicine, crew system integration, force readiness, and attenuation of hearing protectors in a field environment is not environmental protection. This special Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) available. GRA focuses on the functional area of environmental protection, identifying systems and enabling technologies needed to support N90-17256# Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab., Pensacola, the goals of Air Force environmental programs. This SEAP also FL. lists Air Force Systems Command programs related to these A REVIEW OF CIRCADIAN EFFECTS ON SELECTED HUMAN systems and technologies and assesses the time frame and INFORMATION PROCESSING TASKS Interim Report criticality of each technology relative to the system it supports.

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Systems discussed include hazardous material identification and intra-pulmonary pressure used were 0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.4, 4.0, 4.4 and toxicity evaluation systems, cost modeling systems, improved 5.4 kPa. The results were summarized as follows. With the increase industrial hygiene and waste minimization systems, environmental of pressure within the lung, the compensatory functions of monitoring technology evaluation systems, and simulation and circulatory and respiratory power consumption index was increased, testing facilities, risk analysis and cost projection systems, and but it was dropped as the intra-pulmonary pressure reached 4.0 long term environmental planning systems. Enabling technologies kPa. The decrease of above objective physiological indices showed include biologically based toxicity computer modeling, rapid toxicity that the compensatory function was weakened, which was the screening, tiered approach to toxicity testing, artificially intelligent indication of physiological endurance limit during pressure expert toxicology system, toxicology standards, breathing. There was a serious subjective symptom for the hydraulic fluids toxicology studies, standards for evaluating breathing to be continued difficulty experimental examples engineering trade-offs, cost models, and analysis methods. GRA discontinued only, that maybe considered as the acceptable endurance index. The respiratory power consumption index can N90-17260# University of Central Florida, Orlando. reflect respirodynamically physiological characteristics of subjective THE EFFECTS OF FOVEAL LOAD ON PERIPHERAL sensation in human during pressure breathing which may be used SENSITIVITY IN THE VISUAL FIELD Final Report as a co-indicator for the evaluation of the tolerance of pressure EDWARD J. RlNALDUCCl Oct. 1989 39 p breathing was presented through the experiment. The intra- (Contract DAAL03-87-K-0014) pulmonary pressure of 2.0, 3.4, and from 4.0 to 6.2 kPa was (AD-A214872; ARO-24828.1 -LS) Avail: NTlS HC AO3/MF A01 considered to be the physiological limit of safety, allowance and CSCL 0614 endurance. This study denoted marked significance for establishing The main objective of this research was to investigate the physiological standard and protective measure of pressure effects of foveal load on sensitivity in the peripheral visual field. breathing by oxygen. GRA In the first of a series of four experiments, foveal load was manipulated by comparing the fixation of a cross vs. a simple first-order compensatory tracking task display. Peripheral sensitivity was determined simultaneously for light flashes presented at N90-17263# NSI Technology Services Corp., Dayton, OH. different eccentricities along the horizontal meridian. In general, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH CONFERENCE ON the results showed no losses in peripheral sensitivity or a tunnel TOXICOLOGY Interim Report vision effect under the experimental conditions employed. In the Sep. 1989 424 p Conference held in Dayton, OH, 3-5 Nov. three subsequent experiments, more complex tracking tasks were 1987 employed in order to vary foveal load. The difficulty of the perimetry (Contract F33615-85-C-0532; AF PROJ. 6302) task has also been manipulated in the fourth experiment by (AD-A215076; AAMRL-TR-89-027; NMRI-89-58) Avail: NTlS HC including lights on the vertical, as well as the horizontal meridian. A18/MF A03 CSCL 06/11 Whether or not a loss or a gain in peripheral sensitivity was obtained This series of manuscripts from the 17th Conference on depended upon the complexity of the foveal task and to some Toxicology addresses critical research and development issues extent the difficulty of the perimetry task. Results are discussed for quantitatively assessing the health risks associated with various in terms of arousal and resource theory, and recommendations occupational and environmental exposures. To meet the needs of are made for future research in this area. GRA the Department of Defense, these contributions focus on the current knowledge of quantitative methods in toxicology especially N90-17261# Naval Medical Research Inst., Bethesda, MD. as applied to military systems or military operations. These STATISTICALLY BASED DECOMPRESSION TABLES 5 manuscripts present state-of-the-art methodologies that will HALDANE-VANN MODELS FOR AIR DIVING Final Report, Jan. improve our ability to develop objective indices of toxicity keeping 1987 - Nov. 1988 in mind that the ultimate purpose is to predict expected human Y. J. PARSONS, P. K. WEATHERSBY, S. S. SURVANSHI, and E. toxicity. GRA T. FLYNN Feb. 1989 64 p (AD-A214934; NMRl-89-34) Avail: NTlS HC A04/MF A01 CSCL 06/10 The analysis is continued of air decompression diving by N90-17264# Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, probabilistic models evaluated using the statistical tool of maximum Natick, MA. likelihood. Models based on the traditional deterministic calculations TEMPERATURE REGULATION DURING UPPER BODY of Haldane have been placed in a probabilistic formalism by Vann. EXERCISE: ABLE BODIED AND SPINAL CORD INJURED The ability of these models to fit data examined in the first and MICHAEL N. SAWKA, WILLIAM A. LATZKA, and KENT B. fourth reports in the present series were explored here. The PANDOLF Apr. 1989 34 p computationally simpler Haldane-Vann (H-V) models achieved (Contract DA PROJ. 3M1-6287-A-879) comparable success fitting relatively homogeneous data to the (AD-A215130) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 06/10 risk models used in the earlier reports in this series. However, This paper will consider human thermoregulatory response H-V models were unable to deal successfully with larger and more differences between upper and lower body exercise. In addition, diverse collections of data. It appears that the Vann definition of the thermoregulatory problems of spinal cord injured individuals decompression dose intrinsically cannot lead to simultaneously are examined. For able-bodied individuals, the rise in core successful predictions of both short and long air dives. GRA temperature is independent of the skeletal muscle mass employed and dependent upon the metabolic rate during exercise. The N90-17262# Air Force Systems Command, Wright-Patterson AFB, avenues of heat exchange, however, are different for individuals OH. Foreign Technology Div. performing upper body and lower body exercise. During upper THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES body exercise, there is a greater dry heat loss from the torso, AND TOLERANCE EVALUATION OF PRESSURE BREATHING however, no additional heat loss (as compared to lower body JINGSHAN CHEN, BAOLAN ZHANG, and SIGUANG JIA 12 exercise) occurs from the exercising arms. If an individual performs Oct. 1989 18 p Transl. into ENGLISH from Acta Aeronautica upper body exercise in cold water, he/she will lose a greater et Astronautica Sinica (Peoples Republic of China), v. 10, no. 2, amount of heat and be more susceptible to than Feb. 1989 p 59-65 Original language document was announced during lower body exercise. A spinal cord injury will impair man’s in IAA as A89-39476 ability to thermoregulate because of: (1) loss of vasomotor and (AD-A214991; FTD-ID(RS)T-0827-89) Avail: NTlS HC AOS/MF sudomotor control to the areas of the insensate skin; (2) a reduced A01 CSCL 0614 thermoregulatory effector response for a given core temperature; Experiments were performed on 6 young healthy males during and (3) a loss of skeletal muscle pump activity from the paralyzed pressure breathing without trunk counter-pressure. The values of limbs. GRA

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N90-17265# Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, strength for box lift, bench press, deadlift and squat were recorded Natick, MA. before and after progressive resistance training. Improvement in PRE-TREATMENT WITH TYROSINE REVERSES the strength of the training group was significantly greater (p less HYPOTHERMIA INDUCED BEHAVIORAL DEPRESSION than .05) than that of the CT group. The increase in strength was T. MICHAEL RAUCH and HARRIS R. LIEBERMAN (Massachusetts accompanied by greater change (p less than .05) in repetitive Inst. of Tech., Cambridge.) Sep. 1989 20 p lifting task performance for the training group (pre-test = 79.1 (AD-A215211) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 06/15 lifts, post-test = 92.4 lifts) than the CT group (pre-test = 84.9 Cold exposure accelerates the firing frequency of nor- lifts, post-test = 82.0 lifts). It is concluded that traditional epinephrine (NA) neurons, enhancing NA release and leading progressive resistance training exercises are effective in improving to NA depletion in specific regions of the brain. The accelerated performance of an occupational lifting task. Regular progressive firing activates the enzyme tyrosine-hydroxylase, making it more resistance training can be particularly important in maintaining the tyrosine sensitive. The reduction of brain NA is accompanied by a effectiveness of manual workers in jobs that require high intensity behavioral depression on the open field test. Two experiments lifting on an infrequent basis. GRA were performed on adult male rats. First, it was determined whether systematic lowering of core body temperature produced behavioral N90-17268# Naval Biodynamics Lab., New Orleans, LA. depression in the swim test. Second, treatment with the NA GUIDELINES FOR SAFE HUMAN EXPOSURE TO IMPACT precursor tyrosine was employed in an attempt to prevent ACCELERATION, UPDATE A hypothermia-induced behavioral depression. In experiment 1, two MARC S. WEISS, DAVID L. MATSON, and STEPHEN T. MAWN levels of hypothermia were highly effective in producing behavioral 1 Sep. 1989 16 p depression in rats forced to swim in a narrow cylinder containing (AD-A215287; NBDL-89R003) Avail: NTlS HC AO3/MF A01 water. In experiment 2, treatment with tyrosine (400 mg/kg, ip) CSCL 06/ 10 thirty minutes prior to the hypothermia procedure completely Tolerance levels for living human volunteers are defined and reversed the behavioral depression found in experiment 1. Tyrosine developed for minimum risk injury. The experimentally safe levels administration did not significantly influence the rate of deep body of impact, derived from a variety of sources, are suggested as cooling during the hypothermia treatment. GRA guidelines for torso-restrained volunteers, where the freely moving head and neck are the anatomical segments most at risk. These N90-17266# Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, recommended limits are no greater than the maximum exposures Natick, MA. already experienced by Naval Biodynamics Laboratory's volunteers. SENSATIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY DURING No injuries have been sustained at these levels. GRA INTERMITTENT EXERCISE AND THE INFLUENCE OF UNDERWEAR KNIT STRUCTURE N90-17269# Johns Hopkins Univ., Laurel, MD. Applied Physics RUTH NIELSEN (National Inst. of Occupational Health, Solna, Lab. Sweden ) and THOMAS L. ENDRUSICK Sep. 1989 22 p STRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS IN THE CORNEA FROM (AD-A215285) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 06/10 EXPOSURE TO INFRARED RADIATION Final Report, 1 Apr. In occupational as well as recreational outdoor activities, 1986 - 14 Apr. 1988 intermittent exercise is common. In autumn and winter, a varying R. A. FARRALL, R. L. MCCALLY, C. B. BARGERON, and W. R. activity level may easily result in periods of sweating and chilling. GREEN Aug. 1989 31 p In these situations, thermoreceptors are of significance for (Contract DA PROJ. 3E1-62787-A8-78) automatic temperature regulation, and for conscious sensation of (AD-A215340) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 06/10 the temperature of the body and of the actual environment. The Research is summarized for the interaction of infrared radiation, sensitivity to thermal stimuli varies between the core and different especially from high-intensity C02 TEA lasers, with the cornea. body surface areas. Humans have no humidity receptors, but in The research reported here was performed between April 1, 1986 some way the wetness of the skin is also sensed, and can be and April 14, 1988. The threshold epithelial damage from single- related to the evaluation of comfort and discomfort. Also, the and multiple-pulse exposures, material ejection from the anterior clothing worn generates thermal and contact wearing sensations. corneal surface, lesion histology, and possible damage mechanisms The purpose was to investigate the development of various are discussed. GRA subjective temperature and humidity sensations of the body, of the skin-clothing interface, and of the environment in dressed N90-17270# Naval Submarine Medical Center, Groton, CT. subject's during intermittent exercise in an environment resulting WORKSHOP ON THE EFFECTS OF COMBINED FIRE in both periods of sweating and chilling. Further, we aimed to PRODUCTS ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND study the significance of the knit structure in underwear during PSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE Final Report, period the course of the subjective sensations, and whether there was ending Nov. 1987 any correlation between subjective sensations and physiologicall A. B. CALLAHAN, C. A. HARVEY, and C. H. POHLER (Naval Sea physical observations. G RA Systems Command, Washington, DC.) 9 Aug. 1989 12 p Workshop held in Groton, CT, 16-18 Nov. 1987 N90-17267# Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, (ADA215465; NSMRL-SP89-4) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 Natick, MA. Exercise Physiology Div. CSCL 0614 EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING This report summarizes the discussion and conclusions reached FOR INCREASING MAXIMAL REPETITIVE LIFTING CAPACITY at a Workshop on the Effects of Combined Fire Products on Human MARILYN A. SHARP, EVERETT A. HARMAN, BRIAN E. Physiological and Psychological Performance. The workshop was BOUTILIER, MATTHEW W. BOVEE, and WILLIAM J. KRAEMER held at the Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory on 16 27 Oct. 1989 27 p to 18 Nov. 1987. GRA (ADA215286) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 05/9 The purpose was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of N90-17271# Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, progressive resistance training on the performance of a high OH. School of Engineering. intensity repetitive lifting task. The repetitive lifting task consisted AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF MOTION SICKNESS DATA: of lifting a 41 kg box to a chest high shelf as many times as A TIME SERIES APPROACH M.S. Thesis possible in 10 min. Subjects were randomly assigned to a training DAVID C. THOMPSON Dec. 1989 151 p (TR) or a control group (CT). The TR group (n=18) participated (ADA215534; AFIT/GSO/EMS/89D-l5) Avail: NTlS HC in progressive resistance training 3 times each week for 12 weeks. A08/MF A01 CSCL 06/10 The CT group (n=7) was asked to maintain their current exercise A methodology was developed in order to characterize the habits which did not include progressive resistance training. prodigious amount of electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected Repetitive lifting task performance and one repetition maximum during motion sickness experiments at the Air Force Institute of

123 52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE

Technology. The analog data are sampled and digitized into a N90-17274# Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, time series. Stationarity transformations and a windowing operation OH. School of Engineering. are performed on the data to produce local areas of stationarity. MEASUREMENT OF THE IMPULSE RESPONSE OF THE Windowed versions of the autocorrelation function, partial HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM USING CORRELATION autocorrelation function and periodogram are discussed and TECHNIQUES M.S. Thesis employed. The windows are analyzed over time in order to view EDWARD A. COLLEY Dec. 1989 66 p the underlying structure of the model that is hidden in the data. (AD-A215667; AFIT/GE/ENG/89D-8) Avail: NTlS HC AO4/MF These functions are converted into image files to aid interpretation. A01 CSCL 06/5 The images are directly interpreted for model determination, model Random signal testing techniques are applied to the human changes, artifact assessment and stationarity determination. A visual system. A binary maximal length sequence was used to primary subject and two confirming subjects are analyzed. Both a modulate a fluorescent light bank by about 15 percent. With this placebo trial and Dilantin trial were analyzed for each subject to pseudo-random noise as a visual input, subjects were monitored determine the nature of motion sickness and the efficacy of the with an electroencephalograph (EEG). The cross correlation drug treatment. The results are inconclusive as all three subjects between the pseudo-random input and the EEG output yields an brain data proved to be unique with respect to the placebo trials. estimate of the subject’s visual system impulse response. An GRA attempt was made to verify the impulse response using matched filter theory. GRA

N90-17272# Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, N90-17612# Rouen Univ. (France). Lab. de Toxicologie. Natick, MA. METHOD FOR THE EVALUATION OF TOXICITY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS FROM AIRCRAFT CABIN BLACKS AND CAUCASIANS TO HAND COOLING Final MATERIALS ANALYSIS AND RESULTS [METHODE Report, Sep. 1985 - Jun. 1989 D’EVALUATION DE LA TOXICITE DES PRODUITS DE RONALD L. JACKSON, DONALD E. ROBERTS, RANDY A. COTE, THERMOLYSE DES MATERIAUX DE CABINE AVION PATRICK MCNEAL, and JANET T. FAY Jun. 1989 57 p ANALYSE DES RESULTATS] (AD-A215646; USARIEM-T20-89) Avail: NTlS HC A04/MF A01 J. M. JOUANY and M. FAVAND (Centre d’Essais Aeronautique CSCL 06/10 Toulouse, France ) /n AGARD, Aircraft Fire Safety 8 p Oct. The factors contributing to the susceptibility of Blacks and 1989 In FRENCH Caucasians to cold sensitivity are investigated. Control mea- Copyright Avail: NTlS HC A18/MF A03; Non-NATO Nationals surements were taken for 10 minutes in room air for 112 male requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications subjects (52 Blacks and 60 Caucasians), 18 to 41 years of Executive age. Immediately following the control period, one hand was In order to aid in the selection of aircraft cabin materials, an immersed for 20 minutes in 5 C, stirred cold water. Cardiovascular experimental method was developed for the evaluation of toxic responses and hand blood flow (BF) were monitored once every decomposition products from burning materials. The complete minute. Middle finger temperature (Tmf) of the immersed and methodology combines a fire model and an experimental procedure non-immersed hands was measured every 30 sec. Before cold that permits, on the one hand, an assessment of the material water immersion, Tmf was higher for Caucasians than Blacks. combustion reaction in terms of physico-chemical factors (weight During 20 minutes of cold water immersion, Tmf remained loss, flammability, heat emission, and emission of fumes) and, on significantly higher in Caucasians compared to Blacks. Lower Tmf the other hand, an analysis of combustion product toxicity in terms in Blacks may be a result of a greater sympathetic response to of biological factors measured in mice (incapacitation and mortality). the cold water stress as noted by the heart rate, blood pressure, Methods for the statistical multivariate analysis of the collected and non-immersed BF values during the initial minutes of cold data (principal components analysis) are discussed and a technique water immersion. Data from this study support previous reports for the classification of materials is proposed. Transl. by M.G. that peripheral cold sensitivity is greater in Blacks when compared to Caucasian individuals of similar age and physical characteristics. Another possible determinant of finger temperature during the cold N90-17617# Royal Air Force Inst. of Pathology and Tropical water immersion test as demonstrated in this study was the level Medicine, Aylesbury (England). of prior cold weather experience (CE) an individual possessed. THE INVESTIGATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN THE Tmf was dependent on level of CE to a greater degree than LUNGS OF SMOKE INHALATION DEATH VICTIMS geographic origin alone. GRA I. R. HILL and B. P. MICHELSON ln AGARD, Aircraft Fire Safety 9 p Oct. 1989 Copyright Avail: NTlS HC A1 8/MF A03; Non-NATO Nationals N90-17273# Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications OH. School of Engineering. Executive A CEPSTRAL ANALYSIS OF EEG Although the mechanisms involved in the causation of injury (ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC) SIGNALS IN MOTION and death, due to the inhalation of the products of combustion SICKNESS STUDIES M.S. Thesis are incompletely understood, the potential hazard is well recognized RUSSEL B. SMITH Dec. 1989 83 p and was, at least in part, for many year. The response to smoke (AD-A215663; AFlT/GSO/ENG/89D-l) Avail: NTlS HC A05/MF and toxic fume inhalation are many and varied, and include airway A01 CSCL 06/10 obstruction, bronchitis, atalectasis, pneumonitis, and respiratory Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals were studied during the failture. Damage to the cilia in the upper respiratory tract and to evolution of motion sickness. Cepstral transformation techniques respiratory macrophages, may cause changes in the pulmonary and hypothesis testing were used to investigate the relationships defence mechanisms, which may in turn predispose to lung between phenytoin serum levels and malaise period EEG signals. infection. The Manchester Airport Boeing 737 accident in 1985, The same techniques were used to study the relationships between and subsequently a series of domestic fires, have refocused lay phenytoin-malaise period EEG signals and placebo-malaise period interest in the various hazards. Insofar as house fires are EEG signals. The relationships between pre-malaise period EEG concerned, 30 people died when soft furnishings were the first signals for phenytoin and placebo trials were also studied. Eighteen item ignited in 1962; 20 years later 152 people died. Research male subjects were given the drug phenytoin in a double-blind, workers in various countries have long expressed an interest in placebo-controlled crossover experiment. Subjects were rotated in this problem and there was considerable expenditure of effort a motion chair while eight physiological parameters were measured. and resources, in attempts to fully understand the mechanisms Although the drug delayed or prevented the onset of emesis, no involved. Unfortunately contrary views still persist and this has its statistically significant relationships were found between phenytoin effects upon attempts to understand mechanisms and to propose serum levels and frontal-midline EEG signals. GRA logical solutions, which will improve the safety of the environment

124 52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE in fires. The literature and the results of some microscopical studies of the experiment. When the overall SPL was changed by 6 dB of the victims of fires investigated in an attempt to explain some and the bandwidth held constant at either 277 or 926 Hz, no of the observed phenomena. Author significant difference was discovered in the ability to detect small incremental intensity changes. When the masking bandwidth were N90-17618# Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan (England). varied and the overall SPL was held constant, a significant THE IMPORTANCE OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL difference occurred. The wide band masking conditions were all PARAMETERS IN FIRE MODELLING OF AIRCRAFT more sensitive than the narrow bandwidths with the same SPL. ACCIDENTS When the bandwidth and the overall SPL of the contralateral JOHN S. S. STEWART ln AGARD, Aircraft Fire Safety 12 p masker were varied, a significant difference occurred. The Oct. 1989 experiment demonstrated that the wide band masker appeared to Copyright Avail: NTlS HC A18/MF A03; Non-NATO Nationals widen the ipsilateral critical band at 4000 Hz and that this pattern requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications held for the four levels (30,36, 50, 56 dB) of wide band masking Executive presented. GRA The importance of pathophysiological parameters in fire modeling of aircraft accidents was under estimated. Pathological N90-18136' National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and toxicological studies and survivors' evidence all indicate rapid Washington, DC. incapacitation by kerosene smoke. A combination of anoxic and AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY: A CONTINUING stagnant anoxia can explain the evidence. Incapacitation by smoke BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH INDEXES (SUPPLEMENT 333) is the important event which leads to death from cyanide and Feb. 1990 53 p carbon monoxide poisoning. Fire blocking and fire hardening, (NASA-SP-701 l(333); NAS 1.21:701 l(333)) Avail: NTlS HC A04; although useful in some limited situations, are largely irrelevant to NTlS standing order as PB89-912300, $10.50 domestic, $21 .OO real accidents involving fatalities. Fire models which purport to foreign CSCL 0615 establish a safety benefit, on the sole basis of escape time to This bibliography lists 122 reports, articles and other documents flashover, are far too simplistic. Much more weight should be introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information given to protective breathing equipmemt and to water spray System during January, 1990. Subject coverage includes: systems. Author aerospace medicine and psychology, life support systems and controlled environments, safety equipment, exobiology and N90-17619# Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. (England). extraterrestrial life, and flight crew behavior and performance. MODELLING TIME TO INCAPACITATION AND DEATH FROM Author TOXIC AND PHYSICAL HAZARDS IN AIRCRAFT FIRES DAVID A. PURSER ln AGARD, Aircraft Fire Safety 13 p Oct. N90-18137" National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989 Washington, DC. Copyright Avail: NTlS HC A1 8/MF A03; Non-NATO Nationals AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY: A CONTINUING requests available only from AGARD/Scientific Publications BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH INDEXES (SUPPLEMENT 331) Executive Jan. 1990 55 p Studies of incapacitation and lethality in laboratory animals (NASA-SP-701l(331); NAS 1.21:701 l(331)) Avail: NTlS HC A04; and human fire victims, resulting from exposure to thermal NTlS standing order as PB89-912300, $10.50 domestic, $21 .OO decomposition products from many materials, indicate two main foreign CSCL 0615 mechanisms of toxicity, narcosis () and irritancy. Narcotic This bibliography lists 129 reports, articles and other documents effects are caused by the common asphyxiant gases, CO, HCN, introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information low 02, and C02 and can be predicted to a reasonable degree System during December, 1989. Subject coverage includes: with existing knowledge. Irritant effects are caused by a variety of aerospace medicine and psychology, life support systems and combustion products some of which are unknown, but can be controlled environments, safety equipment, exobiology and quantified from small scale rodent combustion toxicity tests in extraterrestrial life, and flight crew behavior and performance. terms of the mass loss concentration of combustion products using Author an index of respiratory tract irritation, and an index of lethality, in mg/min/liter. A mathematical model is presented for estimating N90-18138# Dayton Univ., OH. toxic and in fire in terms of time to incapacitation SAFETY EVALUATION OF INFRARED LAMP POWER OUTPUT or death. The model takes the concentration/time profiles of the FOR OCULOMETER EYE/HEAD TRACKER SYSTEM Final above products, smoke optical density, temperature and radiant Report, Sep. 1988 - Sep. 1989 heat flux (derived from other mathematical models of aircraft fires R. J. EVANS and J. C. GAINER (Air Force Human Resources or large scale fire tests) and calculates time to incapacitation using Lab., Williams AFB, AZ.) Dec. 1989 33 p a Fractional Effective Dose method based upon the known toxic (Contract F33615-87-C-0012) effects to the combustion products, and of the physical hazards, (AD-A215809; AFHRL-TP-89-63) Avail: NTlS HC AO3/MF A01 in man, primates and rodents. Author CSCL 17/5 The Air Force is concerned about the possible long-term effects N90-18135# Human Engineering Labs., Aberdeen Proving of radiation used to illuminate the eye for eye tracking purposes. Ground, MD. Toward this purpose, measurements were taken to determine the EFFECT OF CONTRALATERAL MASKING PARAMETERS ON power output of the halogen lamp from the oculometer of the DIFFERENCE LIMEN FOR INTENSITY Final Report Honeywell (Type YG1784A01) head and eye tracker used at the LESLIE J. PETERS Sep. 1989 81 p Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, Operations Training (Contract DA PROJ. 1L6-1102-87-4A) Division (AFHRL/OT), Williams AFB, Arizona. Radiation from the (AD-A214169; HEL-TM-11-89) Avail: NTlS HC A05/MF A01 lamp (General Electric Lamp No. 784, Emergency Lighting - CSCL 2312 Halogen) is projected through the optics of the helmet onto the The effect of narrow band and wide band contralateral masking user's eye. The returned or reflected signal from the pupillary using different overall sound pressure levels (SPL) on a difference region of the eye is subsequently analyzed to determine eye limen (threshold) for intensity task was investigated. Specifically, position. A thermopile was placed behind a small aperture at the the narrow band of masking was created by passing white noise eye position inside the helmet in order to measure the amount of through a 1/10 octave filter. The wide band of masking was created radiation at the eyepoint. Output of the halogen lamp varied with by passing this noise through a 1/3 octave filter. The results input current where minimum and maximum operational currents indicated that: contralateral masking influenced a subject's ability were .8 and 1 ampere. Irradiance measurements recorded using to detect small changes in intensity. These masking effects did the thermopile were .20 milliwatts/sq cm for an .& input and not change significantly (p is less than 0.5) from day 1 to day 2 55 mW/sq cm for a 1-amp input. These reading were determined

125 52 AEROSPACE MEDICINE to be well within safety standards currently set by industry. However, N90-18141# Boston Univ., MA. Center for Adaptive Systems. it is suggested that ocular exposure to such radiation be minimized, VISUAL PERCEPTION OF STRUCTURE FROM MOTION as more research is required in order to ascertain chronic effects Annual Technical Report, 1 Nov. 1988 - 31 Oct. 1989 resulting from long-term exposure of the eye to low levels of JAMES T. TODD 20 Nov. 1989 6 p radiation. GRA (Contract AF-AFOSR-0016-89; AF PROJ. 2313) (AD-A216416; AFOSR-89-1785TR) Avail: NTlS HC A02/MF A01 CSCL 06/4 N90-18139# California Univ., Irvine. Center for the Neurobiology The research performed by James Todd during the past year of Learning and Memory. of AFOSR support has examined the ability of human observers ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION AND INFORMATION to perceive various aspects of a moving object's 3-0 structure PROCESSING IN THE AUDITORY CORTEX Final Report, 1 from minimal apparent motion sequences. This research has Apr. 1985 - 31 Dec. 1988 provided a strong body of evidence that the perceptual analysis NORMAN M. WEINBERGER 17 Aug. 1989 52 p of 3-D structure from motion is apparently restricted to first order (Contract DAMDl7-85-C-5072; DA PROJ. 3M1-61102-BS-11) temporal relations. That is to say, when all other factors are (AD-A216092) Avail: NTlS HC A04/MF A01 CSCL 06/15 optimized, perceptual performance does not improve as the number The goal of this project is to determine the effects of of discrete frames in an apparent motion sequence is increased anticholinesterases on the processing of information in the auditory beyond two. This research has been accompanied, moreover, by cortex. Cholinergic agonists, blockers and anticholinesterases were a theoretical analysis of the particular properties of 3-D structure applied to the auditory cortex of the cat via multibarrel that can be computed from first order temporal relations. The micropipettes, while the discharges of single neurons to calibrated analysis makes specific predictions about which tasks can or cannot acoustic stimuli were recorded. Muscarinic agonists modified be performed accurately by human observers, and these predictions neuronal responses to sound in highly specific ways rather than are in strong agreement with the psychophysical data. GRA producing a global change in response. Muscarinic agonists modified frequency-receptive fields, including shifts in the receptive N90-18142# Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA. field to new best frequencies and both increases and decreases PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF HUMAN in frequency selectivity. Agonist effects were dose-dependent and ADAPTATION IN ANTARCTICA Interim Report could be blocked by atropine. Application of the anticholinesterases L. A. PALINKAS, E. K. GUNDERSON, and R. G. BURR 1989 eserine and soman produced the same type of effects except 34 P that the effects of soman are considerably exaggerated and (AD-A216679; NHRC-89-5) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 permanent within the recording period possible for single neurons. CSCL 0518 This action profoundly disturbs the encoding and representation Previous research has pointed to social, psychological, and of information. Proposed means for central nervous system occupational characteristics of Antarctic station personnel as protection or therapy against anticholinesterases should be assayed contributing to variations in emotional symptoms commonly by the highly sensitive receptive field analysis used here. Finally, experienced during the prolonged isolation of the winter-over we formulated a cholinergic model of cortical information processing period. However, little is known of the influence of specific which explains how endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) is essential personality characteristics and the severity of the station for normal cortical information processing and memory, forming a environment, either independently or in combination, on these foundation for understanding anticholinesterase disruption of symptoms. This paper examines the social, psychological, and processing. GRA environmental correlates of the psychophysiological symptoms associated with wintering-over in Antarctica and the extent to which N90-18140# Naval Medical Research Inst., Bethesda, MD. these correlates can be used to predict the severity of USE OF SELF-INDUCED HYPNOSIS TO MODIFY THERMAL symptomatology during the winter-over period. Station latitude, BALANCE DURING COLD WATER IMMERSION Final Report, altitude, mean annual temperature, were associated with depression Oct. 1988 - Apr. 1989 and insomnia at the beginning of winter and depression, hostility, K. D. MITTLEMAN, T. J. DOUBT, and M. GRAVITZ Oct. 1989 and anxiety at the end of the winter. Environmental severity was a independent predictor of hostility and anxiety at the end of 34 p Sponsored by Naval Medical Research and Development Command, Bethesda, MD winter. Except for insomnia, however, the more severe the (AD-A216156; NMRI-89-59) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 environment, the less severe the symptoms. Age was inversely CSCL 06/10 associated with depression and anxiety at the beginning of winter This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of self-induced and hostility throughout the winter. Results indicate some form of post-hypnotic suggestion to improve physical and thermogenic adaptation to environmental conditions appears to be taking place responses to two cycles of alternating rest and exercise during with respect to psychophysiological symptoms. GRA head-out immersion in 25 C water. Twelve US. Navy divers volunteered to participate in two immersions conducted at the N90-18143# New York Univ. Medical Center. Dept. of same time of day but spaced one week apart. The first immersion Psychiatry. (control) was conducted prior to hypnotic training sessions on COMPUTING WITH NEURAL MAPS APPLICATION TO mental imagery and post-hypnotic suggestion techniques. There PERCEPTUAL AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS Annual Report, 8 were no differences in rates of heat production, heat loss or net Jan. 1988 - 31 Jul. 1989 thermal balance between control and hypnotic conditions for the ERIC SCHWARTZ 24 Oct. 1989 5 p grouped values. Hypnotic susceptibility, evaluated prior to the (Contract AF-AFOSR-0275-88; AF PROJ. 231 3) immersions, was not significantly correlated with the change in (AD-A216689; AFOSR-89-1826TR) Avail: NTlS HC A01 /MF A01 thermal balance or rectal temperature measurements evaluated CSCL 0518 between control and hypnotic immersions. Although the rating of During the past year, we have completed two important steps perceived exertion during both exercise phases were similar for in our program for understanding the biological and computational both immersions, subjects' perceived thermal sensation was significance of patterns of spatial mapping in the brain. First, we reduced during the second rest phase of the hypnotic immersions have found a simple algorithm which is capable of describing and when compared with the control immersion. Although the majority synthesizing the patterns of ocular dominance columns and of subjects did not exhibit a hypnotic-induced alteration in orientation columns in the cat and monkey. This algorithm is thermoregulatory responses during immersion, 3 individuals seemed controlled by a small number of parameters, and we show that it to respond to hypnosis, but in a manner that accentuated heat produces patterns which are similar to those in our lab, and loss. These results suggest that the post-hypnotic training elsewhere, obtained from animal experimentation. Moreover, we techniques employed in the present study did not enhance show that a number of previously published algorithms for similar performance in divers during immersion in 25 C. GRA purposes can be shown to be equivalent to our algorithm. The

126 53 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES significance of this work is that we can now describe and synthesize equipment, Examination of the impact of two personality dimensions some of the major architectural features of cat and monkey sensory extracted from the Jenkins Activity Survey measure of the Type A cortex with high accuracy. In addition, we have obtained some personality, Achievement Striving and Impatience/lrritability, insight into the essential simplicity of these patterns. This work is suggested that Impatience/lrritability may serve as a marker of currently in press in Biological Cybernetics. In addition, we have individuals most likely to experience health-related problems on developed an algorithm for pattern recognition based on the trips. Achievement Striving may serve as a predictor of performance multiple, parallel two-dimensional mapping of the input data. We in crew settings. Author view this as an important step in our goal of developing insight into the use of multiple, parallel sensory mappings in the brain. A90-25025' University of Southern California, Los Angeles. We believe that this algorithm is the first pattern recognition A DYNAMIC MODEL OF STRESS AND SUSTAINED algorithm to make explicit use of the kind of data format which is ATTENTION characteristic of the brain. GRA P. A. HANCOCK (Southern California, University, Los Angeles, CA) and JOEL S. WARM (Cincinnati, University, OH) Human N90-18144# Naval Medical Research Inst., Bethesda, MD. Factors (ISSN 0018-7208), vol. 31, Oct. 1989, p. 519-537. refs ALTERATIONS IN THE METABOLIC AND SYMPATHETIC (Contract NCC2-379) RESPONSE TO COLD EXPOSURE AFTER COLD AIR Copyright ACCLIMATION Technical Report, Oct. 1985 - Sep. 1993 Arguments are presented that an integrated view of stress R. L. HESSLINK, JR., D. W. ARMSTRONG, 111, K. KOWALSKI, L. and performance must consider the task demanding a sustained D. ALLEN, and H. L. REED, II 11 Dec. 1989 25 p Sponsored attention as a primary source of cognitive stress. A dynamic model by Naval Medical Research and Development Command, Bethesda, is developed on the basis of the concept of adaptability in both MD physiological and psychological terms, that addresses the effects (ADA216817; NMRI-89-93) Avail: NTlS HC A02/MF A01 of stress on vigilance and, potentially, a wide variety of CSCL 06/4 attention-demanding performance tasks. The model provides an The armed services, primarily the Navy and Coast Guard, are insight into the failure of an operator under the driving influences tasked with maintaining free passage and security in many of stress and opens a number of potential avenues through which geographical locations encompassing tropical and polar conditions. solutions to the complex challenge of stress and performance While personnel performance in heat has been well studied and might be posed. I.S. ameliorative guidelines implemented, little is known about performance and survival in the cold. Acute cold exposure elicits A90-25472 frank shivering concomitant with a short-term elevation in basal MODULATION OF THE MOTION AFTEREFFECT BY metabolism. Extended cold exposure can produce mild to severe SELECTIVE ATTENTION hypothermia resulting in reduced cognitive function and manual AVI CHAUDHURI (Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, dexterity, thus, having a tremendous effect on mental and physical performance. Moreover, personal safety and health can be CA) Nature (ISSN 0028-0836), vol. 344, March 1, 1990, p. 60-62. Research supported by NIH. refs compromised in such environments. The ability to adapt to these Copyright cold climates and possibly improve one's performance has been In the phenomenon called motion aftereffect, a person seeing extensively investigated. There is strong evidence that localized a moving visual pattern for a period of time sees the same pattern cold adaptation can occur over many years of exposure. Whether appearing to drift in the opposite direction after the visual stimulus this adaptation is due to local factors, central factors, or both is is stopped. It is reported here that, if observers are engaged in a not clear. The mechanism responsible for whole body cold separate discrimination task superimposed on a moving textured adaptation is not clearly understood, but it is generally believed background, the subsequent motion aftereffect to the background that various types of whole body cold adaptation are possible. is considerably reduced. It appears that motion aftereffects are Serum triiodothyronine (T3) is the primary hormone involved with susceptible to attentional mechanisms. C.D. many thermoregulatory and adaptive phenomena. GRA

A90-25996# PILOT-VEHICLE ANALYSIS OF MULTlAXlS TASKS ' DUANE MCRUER (Systems Technology, Inc., Hawthorne, CA) and DAVID K. SCHMIDT (Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN) BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics (ISSN 0731 -5090), vol. 13, Mar.-Apr. 1990, p. 348-355. Previously cited in issue 22, Includes psychological factors; individual and group behavior; crew p. 3633, Accession no. A87-50539. refs training and evaluation; and psychiatric research. (Contract F33615-85-C-3610) Copyright

A90-24431 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. A90-26122# Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. A STUDY ON MEASURING MENTAL WORKLOAD. II - TRENDS AND INDlViDUAL DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO MENTAL LOAD AND SALIVARY CORTISOL LEVEL SHORT-HAUL FLIGHT OPERATIONS YUKIKO KAKIMOTO. HIDE0 TARUI, AKlO NAKAMURA, and THOMAS R. CHIDESTER (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett YUKO NAGASAWA Japan Air Self Defense Force, Aeromedical Field, CA) Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine (ISSN Laboratory, Reports (ISSN 0023-2858), vol. 29, Dec. 1988, p. 85-98. 0095-6562), vol. 61, Feb. 1990, p. 132-138. refs In Japanese, with abstract in English. refs (Contract NCC2-286) The effect of mental load on performance and salivary cortisol Copyright levels was tested using the Sternberg memory task as the primary A survey of airline pilots was undertaken to determine normative mental load and an auditory discrimination task as a secondary patterns and individual differences in mood and sleep during task. Salivary cortisol level responded to increased mental load, short-haul flight operations. The results revealed that over the but the response did not correlate with graded levels of mental course of a typical 2-d trip, pilots experience a decline in positive workload. Feelings of fatigue, stress, irritation, and shoulder mood, or activity, and an increase in negative mood, or tension. tightness increased in direct correlation with the graded mental On layovers, pilots report experiencing sleep of shorter duration load. Subjects with high 'degree of effort' scores showed high and poorer quality than at home. These patterns are very similar levels of salivary cortisol, while those with low scores showed to those reported by Gander and Graeber (1987) and by Gander relatively low changes of salivary cortisol. The results suggest et al. (1988), using high-fidelity sleep and activity monitoring that the change of salivary cortisol level is not influenced directly

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and is not as sensitive to mental load as to the change of behaviors on system performance and pilot workload, (3) identify performance of mental tasks. R.B. evaluation criteria for workload measures, and (4) develop methods of improving pilots' abilities to manage workload extremes. A90-26123# Author PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY ON MOOD STATES OF ALTITUDE CHAMBER PERSONNEL BEFORE THEIR CHAMBER MISSION MIYAKO OKAUE and ZENJI TAKASHIMA Japan Air Self Defense A90-26180# Force, Aeromedical Laboratory, Reports (ISSN 0023-2858). vol. A REVIEW OF AIRLINE SPONSORED AB INITIO PILOT 29, Dec. 1988, p. 99-111. In Japanese, with abstract in English. TRAINING IN EUROPE refs NEIL JOHNSTON IN: International Symposium on Aviation The moods of six personnel supporting altitude chamber flight Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, proceedings. trainees were examined. The trainees were exposed to the Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 33-38. physiological effects of pressure change and hypoxia and were The type of ab initio (zero time) training course in which taught how to prevent decompression sickness. Questionnaires graduates proceed directly from basic training to immediate copilot were given to the subjects before and after training. It is found duties with a major air carrier is presented. This type of training is that the mood states were more unstable before missions that well established in Europe and recent trends indicate a growing were perceived as more difficult. The stress experienced by the interest in the concept throughout the world. After reviewing the subjects is evaluated using Cattel's Anxiety Scale. R.B. training standards of pilot training it is concluded that full time ab initio training for airlines becomes a process of total immersion in A90-26176 all aspects of flying. The needs of the airline remain paramount INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY, throughout this process. Attention is given to the following 5TH, COLUMBUS, OH, APR. 17-20, 1989, PROCEEDINGS. components of ab initio training: (1) provision of comprehensive VOLUMES 1 & 2 and highly integrated training; (2) training to a combined State RICHARD S. JENSEN, ED. (Ohio State University, Columbus) and airline specification; (3) training to beyond basic State and Symposium sponsored by the Ohio State University and Association ICAO requirements; (4) extensive use of simulation, especially at of Aviation Psychologists. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, the final stages of advanced training; (5) early introduction to the 1989, p. Vol. 1, 521 p.; vol. 2, 492 p. For individual items see needs of multicrew operations; (6) training directed at the A90-26177 to A90-26309. development of desirable airline attributes and career-oriented Current research in aeronautical human factors is reviewed. professional skills; and (7) regular and rigorous evaluation of all Topics discussed include training, simulation, cockpit technology, parts of the training system. R.E.P. expert systems, pilot judgment, communication, physiology, cockpit resource management, pilot reliability, rotorcraft human factors, A90-26181# pilot selection, visual perception, workload, accident investigation, TRAINING FOR SITUATIONAL AWARENESS ATC human factors, and performance assessment. B.J. DOUGLAS SCHWARTZ (Flightsafety International, Inc., Houston, TX) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, A90-26178'# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 44-54. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN FULL-MISSION SIMULATION Situational awareness is defined here as the accurate perception - METHODOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND RESEARCH of the factors and conditions that affect an aircraft and its flight CHALLENGES crew during a specific period of time. The principal elements of THOMAS R. CHIDESTER, BARBARA G. KANKI (NASA, Ames situational awareness are listed and described as: (1) experience Research Center, Moffett Field, CA), and ROBERT L. HELMREICH and training, (2) physical flying skills, (3) spatial orientation, (4) (Texas, University, Austin) IN: International Symposium on Aviation health and attitude, and (5) cockpit management, integrating in a Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. systematic manner all of the factors contributing to situational Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 16-21. awareness. It is pointed out that situational awareness is a major refs element that differentiates human error from excellence in aviation. The crew-factors research program at NASA Ames has Situational awareness is established and maintained through good developed a methodology for studying the impact of a variety of cockpit management. The skills that contribute to good cockpit variables on the effectiveness of crews flying realistic but high management can be learned and practiced. They apply in varying workload simulated trips. The validity of investigations using the degrees to all pilots, regardless of their type of aircraft or style of methodology is enhanced by careful design of full-mission operation. It is concluded that cockpit management training should scenarios, performance assessment using converging sources of be included in any flight training program. R.E.P. data, and recruitment of representative subjects. Recently, portions of this methodology have been adapted for use in assessing the effectiveness of crew coordination among participants in line- A90-26182# oriented flight training. Author ANALYZING KNOWLEDGE DEFICIENCIES IN PILOT PERFORMANCE A90-26179'# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ROBERT 0. BESCO (Professional Performance Improvement, Inc., Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. Lakewood, CA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation CREW WORKLOAD-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES - A Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. CRITICAL FACTOR IN SYSTEM PERFORMANCE Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 61-86. SANDRA G. HART (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, refs CA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, The paper examines the need to explore the reasons behind Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. the lack of knowledge when evidence is observed that a flight Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 22-27. crew is unable to cope with a survivable situation. The causes of This paper reviews the philosophy and goals of the NASAIUSAF knowledge inaccuracies in aircraft accidents are multiple Strategic Behavior/Workload Management Program. The interactions of several factors. A tested effective methodology of philosophical foundation of the program is based on the assumption asking questions in a systematic fashion that will contribute to that an improved understanding of pilot strategies will clarify the minimizing knowledge deficiencies is detailed. It is noted that the complex and inconsistent relationships observed among objective task of understanding the causes and minimizing the recurrence task demands and measures of system performance and pilot of knowledge inadequacies is formidable, and is further complicated workload. The goals are to: (1) develop operationally relevant by the interrelationship between knowledge, skills, attitudes, figures of merit for performance, (2) quantify the effects of strategic obstacles to performance, and systems environment. R.E.P.

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A90-26 184# A90-26192# TRAINING FOR ADVANCED COCKPIT TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OF SIMULATED INSTRUMENT TRAINING TO AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT AND CONTACT FLIGHT HARRY W. ORLADY (Orlady Associates, Los Gatos; Battelle MARK G. PFEIFFER, JEFFREY D. HOREY, and STEVEN Aviation Safety Reporting System Office, Mountain View,. CA) and BUTRIMAS (U.S. Navy, Naval Training Systems Center, Orlando, WILLIAM A. WHEELER (Battelle Human Affairs Research Center, FL) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Seattle, WA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings, Volume 1. 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 149-154. refs Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 91-96. This paper seeks to determine whether simulated instrument Following the introduction of advanced cockpit technology training transfers differentially to instrument and contact flight, in (ADVTECH) aircraft, NASA requested the Aviation Safety Reporting a subsonic center-line thrust jet aircraft, for undergraduate military System (ASRS), and others in the aviation community, to determine student pilots. Test results show that there was equal transfer of pilot opinion on the overall safety of new-generation aircraft in training from instruments to both types of flight after eight simulator day-to-day line operations. In response to this request ASRS trials. Additionally, the findings indicate that the type of flight surveyed a group of pilots who flew ADVTECH aircraft in regular following simulator training, contact or instrument, does not make service and who had reported incidents. The pilots interviewed much difference for the maneuvers studied. However, the tests clearly supported a general industry consensus that training sampled only two types of flight maneuvers. While validity of practices had not kept up with advancing cockpit technology. This simulation was high, there was also a tendency for students to fly study reviews preliminary findings on (1) training for crew the simulator with greater precision than the aircraft during the coordination and communication with ADVTECH aircraft and (2) transition stage. R.E.P. maintenance of flying skills in ADVTECH aircraft. Preliminary results indicate that there have been definite improvements in the quality of ADVTECH training since these aircraft were introduced. However, some training methods seem more effective than others, and there A90-26 193# is room for improvement. R.E.P. FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR TRAINING AS THE FOUNDATION OF AB INITIO PILOT TRAINING IRENE HENLEY (Newcastle, University, Australia) IN: International A90-26187# Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, DEVELOPING COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 1989, Proceedings, Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, TRAINING CURRICULA FOR AB INITIO AIRLINE PILOT 1989, p. 161-166. refs TRAINING The quality of flight instructor training in Canada and Australia TOM SAMs (American Airlines, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) IN: is examined. Very little research has been devoted to assessing International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th. Columbus, the quality of civil flight instructor training, and to finding ways of OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, maximizing the instructor’s effectiveness in flight training. Ohio State University, 1989, p. 112-117. refs Questionnaires were sent to a stratified sample of flight instructors The history of cockpit resource management (CRM) as it has and inspectors in order to evaluate the quality of flight instructor emerged from the fields of aviation safety and human factors is training, and the methods used in the evaluation of flight instructors, reviewed. Nonstandardization of CRM objectives, lack of a CRM and the training needs of flight instructors and inspectors. Results media pool, and other training priorities within the aviation industry corroborate previous findings that, in general, the whole teaching have contributed to this difficulty. The economics of CRM training approach to flight training, including flight instructor training, is program development, curriculum changes, and training opportunity based on a flawed approach to teaching. This is accentuated by make the CRM issue difficult to resolve. Many questions remain the fact that the teachers of flight instructors do not receive any regarding training methods and effectiveness. It is suggested that training to prepare them to teach flight instructor trainees how to the potential gains in CRM proficiency through the undergraduate instruct. It is suggested that flight training needs to take advantage educational process, and existing collegiate aviation programs of the advances made in related fields, such as educational leading to professional pilot careers can provide the foundation of psychology and adult education. ,R.E.P. CRM attitudes for their students. It is believed that curriculum changes to facilitate these CRM objectives are well within the control of most academic institutions. R.E.P. A90-26194# A90-26190# AN EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED COMMERCIAL FLIGHT TRANSFER OF LANDING SKILLS IN BEGINNING FLIGHT TRAINING TRAINING MICHAEL J. ROSS (Newcastle, University, Australia) IN: GAVAN LINTERN, JEFFERSON M. KOONCE, LEON D. SEGAL International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, (Illinois, University, Savoy), and STANLEY N. ROSCOE (ILLIANA OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings, Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Aviation Sciences, Las Cruces, NM) IN: International Symposium Ohio State University, 1989, p. 167-172. on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Factors are examined which influenced student performance Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, on and attitudes to an integrated commercial pilot training course. p. 128-133. refs Analyses were designed to identify valid relationships between (Contract N00014-87-K-0435) manifest variables such as personality factors, attitudes, and Beginning flight students were given two sessions of landing intellectual abilities, and outcome variables such as flying and practice in a simulator with a computer-animated contact-landing academic performance on course, and instructor assessment of display before they commenced intensive landing practice in the student performance. Three causal models are developed to aircraft. For each experimental student there was a control student, accomplish this survey. Results suggest that the critical factors paired with the same instructor, who did not receive any landing leading to the achievement of a commercial pilot’s license in practice in the simulator. Experimental students required minimumum hours are: good verbal abilities, a personality suited significantly fewer presolo landings in the airplane than the paired to a more regimented and structured environment, several years’ controls, for a potential saving of about 1.5 presolo flight hours work experience earning an average salary, few doubts about per student. These data show that pretraining with a relatively coping with the course, and a positive attitude toward the learning simple and inexpensive computer-animated landing display can environment. Factors leading to high instructor ratings include: offer worthwhile savings in flight time, and there was evidence of good verbal and spatial abilities, dominant, tolerant, social, and incremental transfer attributable to adaptive display augmentation. achievement oriented personality style, and positive views toward Author the learning environment. R.E.P.

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A90-26195# S. R. WIERSTEINER and R. A. BUCKINGHAM (Indiana State A COMPARISON OF AN INTEGRATED University, Terre Haute) IN: International Symposium on Aviation INSTRUMENT/PRIVATE PILOT AND AN ACCELERATED Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. INSTRUMENT FLIGHT TRAINING PROGRAM Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. HENRY L. TAYLOR, SYBIL PHILLIPS, RlCKY A. WEINBERG, 191-196. refs ROBERT H. KAISER, and OMER BENN (Illinois, University, The perceptions of flight instruction as a career field as Savoy) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, expressed by freshman flight students is assessed. These students Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. are viewed as holding few, if any, preconcieved attitudes about Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 173-178. refs becoming certified flight instructors (CFI) after completing their The FAA has approved a flight training program that consists basic flight instruction. The examination of perceptions of CFI as of a two-semester sequence of instruction leading to a private an occupation was conducted through the use of the sorting of pilot certificate and of an additional four-semester sequence leading cards (Q-sorts) technique and the correlations among the to a commercial pilot certificate with instrument rating. This paper responses of the subjects to the Q-sorts. Concern for one’s welfare, evaluates the tests conducted to determine the efficacy of the quality time, freedom, self-worth, and goal-reaching appeared courses. Results indicate that a combined contact/instrument flight paramount to the respondents. Though self-centeredness as an training program with substantial concentration of instrument overall characteristic was the root psychological motivation, it is procedures at the beginning of training is effective. A comparison seen not as selfishness on the part of the respondents but as a of the three studies shows that the one-semester concentrated concern for a quality personal life. R.E.P. combined course is more effective than either the two-semester or the four-semester course sequence. R.E.P. A90-26200# USE OF FLIGHT SIMULATORS TO INVESTIGATE THE A90-26196# EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS ON PILOT DUAL-CAREER MILITARY RESERVE AIRCREWMEMBERS - PERFORMANCE. II HUMAN FACTORS IMPACT ON AVIATION SAFETY DANIEL MORROW, JEROME YESAVAGE (Stanford University, JANET M. KAMER and LESTER A. NATHAN IN: International CA), and MR. VON LEIRER (Decision Systems, Stanford, CA) Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. 1989, p. 179-184. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 203-208. refs The unique stressors associated with the dual-career lifestyle The following predictions are tested: (1) alcohol impairs a pilot’s I of military reserve aircrews are examined, in order to suggest ability to follow air traffic control instructions, (2) age also impairs ways in which safety, morale, and medical care can be improved. communication-based pilot performance, (3) age and alcohol In the aviation environment, stress coping occurs in three major cumulatively impair communication-based performance, with older areas: life stress management, preflight fitness to fly, and in-flight pilots more impaired. Both young and older pilots were subjected stress coping. Within each of these major areas, five factors have to flight scenarios. Alcohol impairment was found to be greater been identified which materially influence safe decision making: for older pilots and also age and marijuana cumulatively impair (1 ) the pilot, including physical stress, physiological stress, and pilot performance. These results suggest that both alcohol and psychological stress, (2) the aircraft, (3) the environment, (4) the age impair performance in part, by reducing working memory operation, and (5) the situation. This survey is intended to identify capacity and by increasing the chances of serious communication

~ the factors cited which materially influence safety performance in errors during flight. R.E.P. the judgment of the aircrews. Responses to the detailed questionnaires are summarized and they indicate that greater A90-26204# I involvement for family members, greater involvement on the part INTEGRATION OF A LOW COST PART TASK TRAINER ~ of flight surgeons, improving organizational efficiency, and (ADVANCED TRAINING DEVICE - ATD) INTO A FLIGHT improvements in aircraft maintenance and safety reporting are all CREW DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM areas that can be addressed by military command leadership. ROGER B. CROSTHWAITE (Massey University, Palmerston North, R.E.P. New Zealand) and JAMES N. (Civil Air Training Academy, Cessnock, Australia) IN: International Symposium on Aviation A9O-26 197# Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. SOME EFFECTS OF CONSISTENCY IN TRAINING FOR Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. AUTOMATIC INFORMATION PROCESSING 227-232. refs ERIC D. NADLER (Pennsylvania, Clarion University, Clarion) IN: A training strategy is developed to reduce costs and improve International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, learning efficiency for flight crews. Replicating an aircraft to a OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, high level of fidelity is unnecessary in some stages of development. Ohio State University, 1989, p. 185-190. refs Evidence suggests that high fidelity may be redundant to skill An investigation is conducted and the results analyzed on the acquisition in some training phases. Focusing on the needs of the effects of partially consistent performance on seven dependent learner is essential so that optimum operational competency can variables that have been used as converging operations for the be developed. The rationale of this approach is that practice of identification of ’automaticity’. These included: decreased response part task components as a prelude to performance of complex time, flattening of the slope that relates response time to the tasks will improve whole task performances. Many tasks can be number of items to be searched, exhaustive search, minimal learned better, faster, and more economically in a controlled decrement under memory load, difficulty in response to an learning environment such as a groundbased trainer. It is concluded anticipated auditory interrupt signal, decrement due to target- that there is little additional advantage in using an aircraft during distractor reversal, and decreased retention of the training some phases of training. R.E.P. symbols. It is concluded that there appear to be advantages to consistency in the interface between the training system and trainee A90-26210’# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. even when it is impossible to provide complete consistency and Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. efficient training for all of the characteristics of ’automatic’ HEADING CONTROL AND THE EFFECTS OF DISPLAY information processing to occur. R.E.P. CHARACTERISTICS STEPHANIE J. HlNZ and C. THOMAS BENNETT (NASA, Ames A90-26198# Research Center, Moffett Field, CA) IN: International Symposium A 0-SORT ASSESSMENT OF FLIGHT INSTRUCTION AS AN on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE BY B.S. DEGREE SEEKING Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, AVIATION STUDENTS - PROGRESS REPORT p. 263-268. refs

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I The present study evaluates whether type of display (dot or future state of affairs for general aviation pilots regarding adverse wire frame) and direction of movement have an effect on a person’s weather conditions and fatalities. R.E.P. ability to actively maintain a specific heading angle. The questions addressed were: (1) does the magnitude of the heading angle A90-26230# errors differ in the two displays, (2) are some heading angles PILOT JUDGMENT IN TCA-RELATED FLIGHT PLANNING more difficult to maintain than others, and (3) does the magnitude RICHARD J. TARREL (Battelle Aviation Safety Reporting System I of some errors differ as a function of display type and direction of Program Office, Mountain View, CA) IN: International Symposium movement. Differences between the results of this study and on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, previous research are explained by methodological differences Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, across the studies. Another factor that may be responsible for p. 396-401. the difference between previous findings and those presented here The flight planning process is studied in terms of terminal control is the type of graphics used to display the simulated motion. The areas (TCAs). A pilot’s awareness of traffic flow paths, their choice physical characteristics of the display or the graphics engines that of flight path and altitude, the development of contingency plans, generate the scene have varied greatly across the studies. Analyses the use of terminal area charts are examined. Changes in flight and diagrams are presented showing results of the study and the training curricula that will enhance pilot awareness, improve flight differences generated from previous studies on this subject. planning practices, and decrease TCA-related problems are i R.E.P. proposed. A sample task plan for TCA entry is presented. I.F.

A90-26232# A90-26227# j SANITY, COMMON SENSE AND AIR SAFETY KEYS TO PILOT/SURGEON INFLIGHT DECISION MAKING A STUDY - - UNDERSTANDING PILOT ERROR THE INTEGRATION OF AVIATION AND OPERATING OF BERT L. BOTTA (Botta and Associates; Trans World Airlines, Inc., ROOM COGNITIVE SKILLS Saint Louis, MO) IN: International Symposium on Aviation FREDERICK G. LIPPERT, 111 (Washington, University, Seattle), Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, proceedings. JOEL SHECHTER, and JIM BURKE IN: International Symposium Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. on Aviation Psychology, 5th. Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, 408-412. refs Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, The relationship between sanity, common sense, and air safety p. 366-370. is examined. Natural proficiency and the importance of a pilot’s habit and thought patterns toward flight safety are discussed. A90-26228# Nonfunctional thinking, stress symptoms, adverse reactions, and A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF PILOT DECISION MAKING poor performance are considered. I.F. KATHLEEN L. MOSIER-O’NEILL (California, University, Berkeley; San Jose State University Foundation, CA) IN: International A90-26233# Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, A COMPARISON OF COCKPIT COMMUNICATION B737 - 8757 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, JOHN COSTLEY, DAVID JOHNSON, and DAVID LAWSON 1989, p. 371-376. refs (Interaction Trainers, Ltd., Saint Ives, England) IN: International The particular decision-making environment of the transport Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, pilot is considered. It is suggested that, to fully understand 1989, proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH,Ohio State University, decision-making in the cockpit, it is necessary to look at the main 1989, p. 41 3-418. effects of contextual factors on each of three spheres or levels, Communications on the flight decks of the 737-200, the as well as at the interaction on all three levels. The individual, the 737-300, and the 757, involving 16 different captains and 11 crew and the organization may be seen as concentric spheres of different copilots, are studied and compared. Data from the climb, influence, each with its own accompanying ’layer of context’. Some cruise, and descent are analyzed in terms of frequency of of the potential effects on each level, and examples in which communication, proportions of communication, push-pull ratios, and these forces may have had serious negative consequences for action rates. It is noted that there is a decrease in interpilot the decision-making process are reviewed and presented. Ways communication as the cockpit automation increases; therq is a on how these influences may interact to hinder or facilitate judgment higher push-pull ratio with increasing automation of the flight deck; and decision-making processes are described. R.E.P. and pilot activity rates on aircraft with fully automated flight decks , is equal to that in conventional cockpits. I.F. A90-26229# GENERAL AVIATION PILOT PERCEPTIONS OF A90-26234’# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. i DETERIORATING WEATHER CONDITIONS Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. CHARLES F. LAYTON and ELAINE MCCOY (Ohio State University, COMMUNICATION VARIATIONS AND AIRCREW Columbus) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, PERFORMANCE 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. BARBARA G. KANKI (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 377-383. CA), VALERIE A. GREAUD (Syracuse University, NY), and CHERYL (Contract DTRS57-85-C-00101) M. IRWIN (Texas, University, Austin) IN: International Symposium An effort is made to determine the underlying causes of some on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, I general aviation pilot fatalities stemming from pilot cognitive Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, processes as a result of flying into adverse weather conditions. p. 419-424. refs The research consists primarily of putting low-time pilots in a Crew-related communication variations and their effects on computer-simulated flight and analyzing their responses to specific performance are examined. The communication analysis involves questions about the weather information that most influenced their evaluating the performance of 18 pilots to a high-fidelity full-mission decisions. Results indicate that inexperienced pilots do not simulation. Initiating speech consists of four categories: commands, I understand the complexities of weather, but as weather forecasts questions, observations, and dysfluencies. Response speech is are reasonably accurate and the majority of low-time pilots are coded as: reply, acknowledgements, and zero response. A standard conservative in their approach to weather, any indication of less form of communication has been adopted which should aid in the I~ than ideal conditions is enough to keep them on the ground. coordination process and enhance crew performance. I.F. However, if one combines the facts that less training is being required to obtain a pilots’ license and that advice and weather A90-26237# information are becoming more difficult to obtain, and the idea BEYOND CRM TO DECISIONAL HEURISTICS - AN AIRLINE I that pilots become progressively less conservative about flying in GENERATED MODEL TO EXAMINE ACCIDENTS AND questionable weather, concern should be expressed about the INCIDENTS CAUSED BY CREW ERRORS IN DECIDING

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JOHN W. MAHER (Delta Air Lines, Inc., Boston, MA) IN: The performances of six crew members flying a simulated high International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, workload mission in a 6-52 weapon system trainer are evaluated. OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, The data reveal that CRM performance enhances tactical Ohio State University, 1989, p. 439-444. refs maneuvers and bombing accuracy. I.F. The use of the problem, acquire, survey, and select model to instruct pilots in decision making is examined. The procedures for A90-26244# using the model are described. The model is applied to various THE WORK, SLEEP, AND WELL-BEING OF BRITISH incidents and accidents to demonstrate its utility. I.F. CHARTER PILOTS MELANIE JAMES, ROGER GREEN, and ANDREW BELYAVIN A90-26238# (RAF, Institute of Aviation Medicine, Farnborough, England) IN: KEY QUESTIONS FOR MAXIMUM CRM EFFECTIVENESS OR International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, THE UNADDRESSED QUESTIONS IN CRM OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, HUGH HUNTINGTON (Huntington Group, Taos, NM) IN: Ohio State University, 1989, p. 512-517. refs International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, Results are presented from a study on the relationships between OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, fatigue and the flight duty times of charter pilots in the UK. Sleep Ohio State University, 1989, p. 445-450. logs and biographical questionnaires from 136 pilots are analyzed The behavioral skills aspects of cockpit resource management in order to determine the factors that contribute to an acceptable (CRM) are examined. The differences between training for technical duty period. It is found that the main factors influencing subjective and behavioral skills are discussed. CRM is concerned with fatigue and well-being at the end of a duty period are the time of improving technical skills and proficiency along with redefining new day when the period ends, the length of the duty period, and the behavior expectations. The four stages necessary for maximum subjective state of the pilot before the duty period. The results transfer of new behaviors from the classroom to cockpit are suggest that total flying time contributes relatively little to the final described. Consideration is given to critical factors, psychological subjective state of the pilot. R.B. soundness, training environment, and organization integration. I.F. A90-26245# WHAT DO PILOTS KNOW ABOUT THE .04 PERCENT BAC A90-26239# RULE? CRM VALIDATION PROGRAM SUSAN M. ROSS and LEONARD E. ROSS (Wisconsin, University, WILLIAM R. TAGGART (Resource Management Associates, Austin, Madison) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, TX) and ROY E. BUTLER (Pan American World Airways, Inc., 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Miami, FL) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 518-520. 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. (Contract PHS-AA-6093) Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 468-482. refs Results are presented from a study of pilots’ knowledge Cockpit resource management (CRM) training evaluation and concerning the FAA rule setting the legal blood alcohol validation are discussed. Pan American’s Flight Operations concentration (BAC) at 0.04 percent. Questionnaires were sent to Resource Management (FORM) program is described, and FORM licensed pilots to determine their knowledge of the .04 percent and LOFT are evaluated. It is noted that following CRM training BAC rule, their understanding of the relationship between the there is a significant positive attitude shifts; a need for expanded amount of alcohol consumed and BAC, and their confidence in training for check airmen and instructors; and LOFT provides the making BAC judgments. It is found that 37.1 percent of the 1039 opportunity for crew members to test FORM skills and concepts respondents were aware of the 0.04 BAC rule. Also, the results in a true training environment. I.F. show the majority of pilots tended to overestimate the amount of alcohol that results in a BAC of 0.04 percent and tended to A90-26240# underestimate the time required for BAC to decay. R.B. THE U.S. NAVAL AIRCREW COORDINATION TRAINING PROGRAM A90-26246# ROBERT A. ALKOV (US. Navy, Naval Safety Center, Norfolk, A REAPPRAISAL OF AGING AND PILOT PERFORMANCE VA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, PAMELA S. TSANG (Wright State University, Dayton, OH) IN: Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, proceedings. Volume 1. International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 483-488. refs OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, The effectiveness of crew coordination and/or pilot judgment Ohio State University, 1989, p. 521-526. refs training efforts are evaluated in terms of changes in attitude. The effects of aging on cognitive performance of physically fit Twenty-six instructor pilots from the Navy and Marine helicopter pilots are examined. Studies on the relationships between aging fleets participated in a two week aircrew coordination instructor’s and cognitive functions are reviewed. Consideration is given to training program. Attitudinal changes pre- and posttraining were perceptual processes, memory, problem solving and decision evaluated using the cockpit management attitudes questionnarie making, psychomotor coordination, processing speed, and of Helmreich (1984). The questionnaries revealed that posttraining attention. An analysis of various studies suggests that studies the pilots are more aware of the effect of their own psychological concerning the general population may not be generalized to the and physical fitness on other crew members and the safety of pilot population. It is concluded that more research directly the flight. I.F. concerning the pilot popultion is needed. R.B.

A90-26241*# Dayton Univ., OH. A90-26247# COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SKILLS ENHANCE CABIN CREW AND SUPER LONG HAUL FLIGHT - COMBAT MISSION PERFORMANCE IN A 6-52 SIMULATOR PRELIMINARY FINDINGS H. KINGSLEY POVENMIRE, MARTY R. ROCKWAY (Dayton, ROGER GREEN, MURIEL CHURCHILL (RAF, Institute of Aviation University, OH), JOSEPH L. BUNECKE, and MARK W. PATTON Medicine, Farnborough, England), and ROGER GREEN (British (US. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO) IN: International Airways, PLC, Health Services, London, England) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 489-494. Research supported by NASA. refs 1989, p. 527-532. (Contract F33615-87-C-0012) The effects of long transmeridional and meridional sectors on A cockpit resource management (CRM) program for the performance and well-being of a cabin crew are examined. mission-ready 6-52 aircrew is developed. The relationship between The study focuses on crews for flights between London and Hong CRM performance and combat mission performance is studied. Kong or Johannesburg. The analysis includes sleep logs,

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questionnaires, assessments of subjective factors, and preflight simulation study. The results show that asymmetry in response and postflight response times for verbal reasoning tasks. The distributions has a deleterious effect on the percent of structural relationship between the time when a rest break is taken and the models retained. Also, a simulation study was conducted to onset of fatigue is discussed. Also, the performances and well-being compare Browne’s (1 974) asymptotic distribution free (ADF) of crews on nonstop and direct flights are compared. R.B. estimator and Muthen’s (1 985) latent projection (TOBIT) estimator. It is found that both the NTGLS and ADF estimation procedures A90-26249# produced poor results, while the TOBIT procedure produced MEASURING STRESS OF HELICOPTER PILOTS - AN superior estimates at all asymmetry levels. The implications of the ANALYSIS OF DEFICIENCIES IN CRITICAL FLIGHT study for modeling pilot risk perceptions is noted. R.B. SITUATIONS MICHAEL KASTNER, CLAUDIA HARSS, and LlLLY BEERMAN A90-26253# (Muenchen, Universitaet der Bundeswehr, Munich, Federal FITTS AND JONES’ ANALYSIS OF PILOT ERROR - 40 YEARS Republic of Germany) IN: International Symposium on Aviation LATER Psychology, 5th. Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. JOHN M. FLACH, JOHN F. LARISH, and LISA F. WEINSTEIN Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. (Illinois, University, Urbana) IN: International Symposium on 539-544. Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, A study on the stress and strain experienced by helicopter Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, pilots engaging in low altitude night flight with night vision goggles p. 564-569. refs is discussed. The theoretical background of the study is reviewed, The system for the classifiaction of pilot error developed from focusing on the method of Stress-Coping Analysis (Kastner, 1986). the error data collected from military pilots by Fitts and Jones The characteristics of the person, situation, and interactions in (1947) is examined. The questions used by Fitts and Jones were the study are evaluated. The psychological, physiological, and adapted for comparing errors in aviation, operating an automobile, observational data used in the study are briefly described. Selected and operating computers. The error data from each of these sets preliminary results of the study are given, including an example were classified using the Fitts and Jones taxonomy. It is found on the relationship between the risk-taking attitudes of pilots and that errors in reading and interpreting instruments does not their judgement and experience of stress during various flight generalize as well as the taxonomy for control errors. The control situations. R.B. errors for automobiles and computers are very similar. It is concluded that, while the specific nature of errors may change, A90-26250# there may be a general basis for categorizing human error that THE EFFECTS OF EXTENDED-OPERATIONS OF INFERENTIAL generalizes across many levels of automation. R.B. MULTI-CUE JUDGMENT ROBERT P. MAHAN (Georgia, University, Athens) IN: International A90-26256# Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th. Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, TESTING FOR POTENTIAL PROBLEM PILOTS AND HUMAN 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, ERROR IN THE COCKPIT 1989, p. 545-550. refs R. SELLARDS IN: International Symposium on Aviation The effects of an extended computerized work regime on the Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. performance of a multicue judgment are studied. The performance Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. of four subjects performing judgment tasks for a 13.5-hr extended 582-587. refs work period (with 1.5 total hours of rest) were analyzed using the Studies of accident susceptibility are reviewed, focusing on lens model (Brunswik, 1955). The results show that judgment task the determination of potential problem pilots. Consideration is given performance became poorer over the duration of the experiment, to the use of Cockpit Resource Management Training to address while the rate of problem solving did not significantly change. issues related to personality and accident susceptibility. The link R.B. between physical and psychophysical factors in accident susceptibility is examined. Also, the effects of social, emotional, A90-26251# and psychophysiological stresses on accident susceptibility are FATIGUE AND SAFETY - A REASSESSMENT discussed. R.B. NICK MCDONALD, RAY FULLER (University of Dublin Trinity College, Republic of Ireland), and GEORGE WHITE (Ryanair, A90-26259# Dublin, Republic of Ireland) IN: International Symposium on THE USE OF SIMULATORS IN AB-INITIO Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, HELICOPTER-TRAINING Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH,Ohio State University, 1989, FRANK FEHLER (Bundeswehr, Bueckeburg, Federal Republic of p. 551-556. refs Germany) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Epidemiological studies of fatigue and road transport accidents 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. are examined, emphasizing their applicatibility to aviation. The Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 600-604. factors influencing fatigue and the processes of coping with and The helicopter training program for German military pilots is adjusting to fatigue are examined. It is suggested that there is a described. The system of assessing student progress is outlined. need to apply the epidemiological approach to studies on aviation Results are presented from a study on the use of a simulator to safety. Also, the need for research on the processes of coping teach pilot candidates the fundamentals of helicopter control. The with and managing fatigue is noted. R.B. schedule of the basic training program is presented. It is found that simulator training is very useful in teaching basic helicopter A90-26252# flight. R.B. LINEAR STRUCTURAL MODELING OF PILOT RISK PERCEPTION - SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS OF NON-NORMAL A90-26261# RESPONSE DISTRIBUTIONS ...IN THE BEGINNING - AB INITIO TRAINING FOR TILTROTOR R. L. BROWN (Wisconsin, University, Madison), HAROLD HOLMES, CREWS JERRY WITHERILL (Wisconsin, University, Whitewater), and JOHN ROBERT RYAN WlLKlNS (Boeing Helicopters, Philadelphia, PA) M. DORSEY (Wisconsin Bureau of Aeronautics, Madison) IN: IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 61 1-620. refs Ohio State University, 1989, p. 557-563. refs Issues concerning the development of a tiltrotor training program The robustness of the Normal Theory Generalized Least are examined. The differences between flying tiltrotor, helicopter, Squares (NTGLS) method (Brown, 1989) in structural equation and fixed-wing aircraft are outlined to demonstrate the importance modeling of nonnormally distributed data is evaluated with a of specific training for tiltrotor flight. Results are presented from

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an assessment of pilot tasks for the V-22 tiltrotor program, DENNIS B. BERINGER (New Mexico State University, Las Cruces) demonstrating the need for ab initio training. A method for and PETER A. HANCOCK (Southern California, University, Los establishing this ab initio training and suggestions for developing Angeles, CA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, a training system are discussed. R.B. 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 646-651. refs A90-26262# An study of the component skills which contribute to the creation PILOT COMPETENCY - AN ANALYSIS OF ABILITIES and maintenance of situational awareness is presented. Definitions REQUISITE TO PROFESSIONAL FLIGHT CREW of situational awareness and methods for measuring situational DEVELOPMENT awareness are reviewed. The maintenance of situational awareness GRAHAM J. F. HUNT (Massey University, Palmerston North, New as measured by a courseline recall task was studied, focusing on Zealand) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, the relationship between stress induced by concurrent task 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. performance with and without memory load. Preliminary results Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 621-626. refs are presented to demonstrate the method for studying the Methods for evaluating pilot competency are examined. maintenance of situational awareness. R.B. Consideration is given to the problem of defining the nature of pilot competency and using the definition to produce effective A90-26267# licensing and examining program. An analysis of pilot competency COMPARISON OF TRAINING PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR based on the NEBEAT (Hunt, 1986) knowledge-process hierarchy USAF PILOT SELECTION AND CLASSIFICATION is described. Preliminary results from this competency analysis THOMAS R. CARRETTA (USAF, Human Resources Laboratory, are given. R.B. Brooks AFB, TX) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. A90-26263# Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - THE U.S. 652-657. ARMY AVIATOR CANDIDATE CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM Procedures to determine training performance criteria to reflect RONALD JOHN LOFARO and GABRIEL P. INTANO (US. Army, the quality of USAF Undergraduate Pilot Training students are Research Institute, Fort Rucker, AL) IN: International Symposium discussed. The tests used to evaluate pilot trainees are described. on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, The performance criteria are based on daily flying scores, check Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, flight scores, academic grades, and flying hours. It is found that p. 627-633. refs class standings generated from a training evaluation algorithm are A testing procedure was developed for assigning U.S. Army closely related to follow-on training recommendations. However, aviator candidates to operational heliopters before the tenth week when the algorithm is modified to include students who were of initial flight training. The methods used to search for profiles of eliminated from the program the results were less successful. high-time aviators for each specific helicopter are described. Two R.B. approaches were used: analyses of current test batteries covering psychomotor, cognitive, and personality traits, and small group A90-26268# analyses of high-time aviators for each of the Army’s helicopters. SELECTING STUDENT NAVAL PILOTS FOR TRAINING The results were used to develop a final algorithm to show the PIPELINES AND POST-GRADUATE FLYING DUTY specific performance skills and traits indicative of the underlying ASSIGNMENTS abilities and traits of high-time aviators of each type of helicopter. EDWARD E. EDDOWES (US. Navy, Naval Air Training Command, R.B. Corpus Christi, TX) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. A90-26264# Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. USING THE CANADIAN AUTOMATED PILOT SELECTION 658-662. SYSTEM TO PREDICT PERFORMANCE IN PRIMARY FLYING Consideration is given to the development of measures to make TRAINING - STRAIGHT AND LEVEL FLIGHT US. Navy pilot training more effective. The performance of student BARRY SPINNER (Canadian Forces, Personnel Applied Research pilots in different stages of training are analyzed to determine Unit, Willowdale, Canada) IN: International Symposium on Aviation problem areas. The problems in various U.S. Navy pilot training Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. programs are compared. The development of an automated training Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. integration system to collect and analyze training performance data 634-639. is discussed. R.B. Results are presented from the application of Spinner’s (1988) model for the transformation, reduction, and analysis of the A90-26269# Canadian Automated Pilot Selection System (CAPSS) predictor THE DLR TEST SYSTEM FOR AB-INITIO PILOT SELECTION data. The CAPSS is a moving-base single-engine aircraft simulator KLAUS-MARTIN GOETERS, HANS-JUERGEN HOERMANN, and to test psychomotor coordination for the evaluation of pilot PETER MASCHKE (DLR, Hamburg, Federal Republic of candidates. The data analyzed in this study is from straight and Germany) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, level flight. It is found that the best equations in the method 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. represent a 14 percent improvement over the aircrew selection Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 663-668. battery in current use. R.B. The methods used by the DLR for the psychological selection of operators for complex systems are discussed. A program for A90-26265# ab initio pilot selection and training is reviewed. The traits AIRCREW TEAM DYNAMICS - A COMPREHENSIVE CREW considered in the psychological evaluation of candidates for pilot MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR AMERICA WEST AIRLINES selection are listed. Also, results are presented from empirical PILOTS AND FLIGHT ATTENDANTS validiation studies on the ability of the psychomotor tests for MICHAEL J. VANDERMARK (America West Airlines, Phoenix, AZ) predicting occupational success. The test considered include IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, complex coordination, two-hand coordination, multiple task Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. performance, instrument coordination, and link simulator tests. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 640-645. R.B.

A90-26266# A90-26270# EXPLORING SITUATIONAL AWARENESS - A REVIEW AND THEUSEOFSURROGATEMEASUREMENTFORTHE THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON RECTILINEAR PREDICTION OF FLIGHT TRAINING PERFORMANCES NORMALIZATION JANET J. TURNAGE, ROBERT S. KENNEDY, RICHARD D.

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GILSON, JAMES P. BLISS, and MARGARET D. NOLAN (Central The results of instrumental and expressive personality tests, using Florida, University, Orlando, FL) IN: International Symposium on the Personal Characteristics Inventory (PCI) test battery and the Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Cockpit Management Attitudes Questionnaire, suggest that Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, theoretically meaningful subpopulations exist among aviators, and p. 669-675. refs that these groupings are useful in understanding of personality Results are presented from a study on the use of 'surrogate factors acting as moderator variables in the determination of aviator measurements to predict complex performance on a low-cost flight attitudes and performance. Out of the three clusters most easily trainer. Subjects were tested on the Automated Performance Test described in terms of their relative elevations on the PCI subscales System (APTS) of Kennedy et al. (1985) and performed landings ('the right stuff, the 'wrong stuff', and the 'no stuff'), the members on a flight simulator. It is found that a subset of the APTS battery, of the right stuff cluster tended to have more desirable patterns consisting of the manikin, pattern comparison, and reaction time of responses along relevant attitudinal dimensions. I.S. tests was sufficient to account for most of the explainable variance in flight performance. R.B. A90-26274'# Texas Univ., Austin. WHEN TRAINING BOOMERANGS - NEGATIVE OUTCOMES A90-26271*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ASSOCIATED WITH COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. PROGRAMS LEADER PERSONALITY AND CREW EFFECTIVENESS - A ROBERT L. HELMREICH and JOHN A. WILHELM (Texas, FULL-MISSION SIMULATION EXPERIMENT University, Austin) IN: International Symposium on Aviation THOMAS R. CHIDESTER and H. CLAYTON FOUSHEE (NASA, Psychology, 5th. Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA) IN: International Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 692-697. refs 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University. (Contract NCC2-286) 1989, p. 676-681. refs . Participants' self-reports and measures of attitudes regarding A full-mission simulation research study was completed to flightdeck management indicate that Cockpit Resource Man- assess the impact of individual personality on crew performance. agement training is positively received and causes highly Using a selection algorithm described by Chidester (1 987), captains significant changes in attitudes regarding crew coordination and were classified as fitting one of three profiles along a battery of personal capabilities. However, a subset of participants react personality assessment scales. The performances of 23 crews negatively to the training and show boomerangs (negative change:, led by captains fitting each profile were contrasted over a one in attitudes. Explorations into the causes of this effect pinpoint and one-half day simulated trip. Crews led by captains fitting a personality factors and group dynamics as critical determinants of typical particulate debris produced by the animal; (2) micro- reactions to training and the magnitude and direction of attitude tivation and interpersonal skill) were consistently effective and change. Author made fewer errors. Crews led by captains fitting a Negative Expressive profile (below average achievement motivation, negative A90-26275# expressive style, such as complaining) were consistently less FLIGHT SAFETY A PERSONALITY-PROFILE-BASED effective and made more errors. Crews led by captains fitting a - DESIGNATION OF AB INITIO HELICOPTER FLIGHT TRAINING Negative Instrumental profile (high levels of competitiveness, Verbal INSTRUCTORS AND INSTRUCTOR-TRAINEE COUPLING Aggressiveness, and Impatience and Irritability) were less effective JULIO CESAR MODEST0 VALERIO (Base Aerea Naval, Sao Pedro on the first day but equal to the best on the second day. These da Aldeia, Brazil), ERlCE DA SILVA MIRANDA, VERA LUCIA DE results underscore the importance of stable personality variables GAIA CAMPOS, and MARTA NOLDING (Servico de Selecao do as predictors of team coordination and performance. Author Pessoal da Marinha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, A90-26272'# Texas Univ., Austin. 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, MANAGERIAL LEADERSHIP ASSESSMENT - PERSONALITY 1989, p. 698-702. refs CORRELATES OF AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN RATINGS BY LEADERS, PEERS, AND FOLLOWERS ROBERT H. GIBSON and JOHN WILHELM (Texas, University, A90-26277# Austin) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, DETECTION OF OPTICAL FLOW PATTERNS DURING 5th. Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. LOW-ALTITUDE FLIGHT Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 682-685. Research FRED H. PREVIC (USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks supported by NASA. refs AFB, TX) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, A performance appraisal was conducted at a Fortune 500 airline. 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Evaluations of each manager were taken from his or her Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 708-713. Research management, peers and subordinates. These ratings were related supported by USAF. refs to personality clusters revealing patterns for males similar to those The ability to use optical flow cues to detect foreground ridges found between personality and performance in pilot populations. during low-altitude flight was investigated. Ten video segments A case is made that piloting aircraft requires similar skills to from actual low-altitude missions over three different terrains were managing other complex enterprises and that similar profiles predict digitized, and the pure motion information contained within them success in each. Author was isolated. The isolated motion cueing was insufficient in revealing the outline of the foreground ridge, regardless of terrain A90-26273*# Texas Univ., Austin. type. Subsequent simulations involving moving-dot images revealed PERSONALITY BASED CLUSTERS AS PREDICTORS OF that optical flow discontinuity detection is especially difficult for a AVIATOR ATTITUDES AND PERFORMANCE sparse, irregular, color-contrast texture, which most resembles the STEVE GREGORICH. ROBERT L. HELMREICH, JOHN A. terrain found in western deserts. Author WILHELM (Texas, University, Austin), and THOMAS CHIDESTER (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA) IN: International A90-26279# Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE WORKLOAD ON PERIPHERAL 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, VISION 1989, p. 686-691. refs EDWARD J. RINALDUCCI, DONALD L. LASSITER, PAUL N. ROSE, (Contract NCC2-286) MARY MACARTHUR, and LAWRENCE MITCHELL (Central Florida, The feasibility of identification of personality-based population University, Orlando, FL) IN: International Symposium on Aviation clusters was investigated along with the relationships of these Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. subpopulations to relevant attitude and performance measures. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p.

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720-725. refs were asked to estimate the point at which they would land if they (Contract DAAL03-87-K-0014) continued on the current path. Results indicate that structured The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of texture, and expanding texture elements improved performance. cognitive or foveal load on sensitivity in the peripheral visual field. Furthermore, with dot patterns, performance was better when the In the first three experiments, foveal load was manipulated by aimpoint was represented by a specific point on the display. comparing the fixation of a cross vs a first-order compensatory Author tracking task which became more difficult with each succeeding experiment. Peripheral sensitivity was determined simultaneously A90-26284# for light flashes presented at different eccentricities along the THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN EDGE AND FLOW RATES ON horizontal meridian. The effects of training on the task were also ALTITUDE CONTROL evaluated in terms of changes in peripheral sensitivity. In the fourth LAWRENCE WOLPERT, KIMBERLEY A. REARDON (Systems experiment, the perimetry task was made more difficult by including Research Laboratories, Inc., Dayton, OH), and RIK WARREN an additional meridian. The results suggest that the perimetry task (USAF, Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories, is similar to a vigilance task and acts to reduce the overall level Wright-Patterson AFB, OH) IN: International Symposium on of arousal over a period of time. The introduction of the tracking Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, task results in either the maintenance of arousal and therefore Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, sensitivity, an increase in arousal and sensitivity, or a decrement p. 749-754. refs in sensitivity, depending upon the difficulty of the tracking task. Visual scenes during flight are known to decrease in 'optical Author activity' with increasing altitude. The effects of changes in the global optical flow rate (defined as the flight speed divided by A90-26280# altitude) and the edge rate (defined as the number of edges SENSITIVITY OF DETECTING SIMULATED ASCENT AND traversed per unit time) on the altitude control of the aviator are DESCENT IN PERIPHERAL VISION investigated using a computer to generate self-motion events for DAVID A. WHEELER and CONRAD L. KRAFT (Washington, 20 naive subjects with no previous simulator or piloting experience. University, Seattle) IN: International Symposium on Aviation In all test events, which represented flight at an initial altitude of Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. 64 ft over a flat rectangular field, subjects were asked to actively Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 726-731. maintain an assigned altitude. It was found that changes in both Research supported by the University of Washington. refs flow rate and edge rate were effective in causing subjects to Subjects performed a tracking task in the central visual field at adjust their altitudes in accordance with the flow and edge 'forcing the same time that dots were moving toward them in the peripheral functions', with the effect of the former being more powerful. vision. Thresholds for detecting changes in slope of dot movement IS. in peripheral vision were measured. The results indicated that changes in slope of motion are detectable using only the peripheral A90-26285#

vision and that threshold is dependent upon display parameters. INTERCORRELATIONS~~ AMONG PHYSIOLOGICAL AND Lowest thresholds were found with two dots/display moving with SUBJECTIVE MEASURES OF WORKLOAD optic flows greater than 1.4 eyeheights/sec. These results suggest VALERIE GAWRON, JOHN BALL (Calspan Corp., Buffalo, NY), that, with appropriate display parameters, the peripheral vision is TIMOTHY SLATER, SAMUEL SCHIFLETT (USAF, School of a possible location for display of altitude change information. Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX), and JAMES MILLER (USAF, Author Flight Test Center, Edwards AFB, CA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, A90-26281# Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, THE VECTION ILLUSION IN THE AERO-MARINE p. 755-760. Research supported by the U.S. Army. refs ENVIRONMENT - A FLIGHT SAFETY CONCERN Data are presented on correlations between physiological and TIMOTHY J. UNGS (USCG, Kodiak, AK; Wright State University, subjective measures of aircraft personnel workload, developed and Dayton, OH) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, evaluated by NASA and FAA, using U.S. qualified C-130 pilots 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. who have passed an Air Force flight medical examination within Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 732-736. refs the previous 12 months. These measures considered were heart This study sought to gauge the occurrence of the vection illusion rate, heart-rate variability, vagal tone, Subjective Workload under different light and sea states among rotary winged pilots in Assessment Technique, Crew Status Survey Ratings, and Profile the aero-marine environment. Data were obtained by questionnaire of Mood States. It was found that, although all these measures survey of 19 operational U.S. Coast Guard Air Stations. A total of are purported measures of pilot workload, they are neither highly 267(79.9 percent) pilots participated. 248(92.5 percent) pilots correlated nor highly reliable. I.S. responded they had experienced the illusion while operating over open water. 209(84.6 percent) reported that dark visual conditions A90-26286*# Illinois Univ., Urbana. while E(3.2 percent) reported that bright visual conditions increased TASKILLAN - A SIMULATION TO PREDICT THE VALIDITY OF the likelihood of experiencing vection. Smooth water conditions MULTIPLE RESOURCE MODELS OF AVIATION WORKLOAD were thought by El(37.8 percent) while 114(46.2 percent) thought INGE A. LARISH, CHRISTOPHER D. WICKENS, LEON SEGAL, rough conditions enhanced the vection experience. In conclusion, BILL SHERMAN, and AARON M. CONTORER (Illinois, University, the vection illusion is a common experience in the aero-marine Urbana) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, environment particularly during low/no light visual conditions. Pilots 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. may generate unnecessary aircraft movement raising flight safety Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 761-766. refs concerns. Author (Contract NAG2-308) The extent to which flight simulation models of increasing A90-26282# complexity are successful in predicting pilot performance was GROUND-TEXTURE INFORMATION FOR AIMPOINT investigated using four models of increasing sophistication ESTIMATION addressed by the TASKILLAN (for task skill analysis) computer- LISA F. WEINSTEIN (Illinois, University, Savoy) IN: International generated helicopter simulation. At the simplest level of com- Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, plexity was the total task model (Model T), followed by the 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, demand model (Model D), the undifferentiated capacity model 1989, p. 737-742. refs (Model U), and, ultimately, by the multiple resources model (Model This experiment examined the effects of ground texture on M), which is at the highest level of sophistication addressed by aimpoint estimation in a landing-judgment task. Subjects viewed a the TASKILLAN project. It was found that the correlations between simulated landing approach which stopped 'in midair'. Subjects variables were higher with the two more sophisticated models (U

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and M), which impose a penalty for increased difficulty in basis for interpreting single-to-dual task changes in measures of time-sharing. The performance prediction was best with the Model performance and workload ratings. Inconsistent relationships U, while the best predictors of subjective measures were models among these measures have been termed dissociation. It is D and M. IS. possible they are an artifact of the way performance and workload measures are collected; performance measures are available for A90-26287# the components of a complex task whereas workload ratings are A320 CREW WORKLOAD MODELLING integrated across all of the tasks performed within an interval of J. J. SPEYER (Airbus Industrie, Blagnac, France), R. D. time. This study compared component ratings with global ratings BLOMBERG (Dunlap and Associates, Inc., Norwalk, CT), and J. and found that component ratings provide better information about P. FOUILLOT (Paris V, Universite, France) IN: International subjects’ task strategies and in interpreting the resultant Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, relationships between workload ratings and Performance. Author 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 767-779. refs A90-26291# This paper describes the development process of the Airbus OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF WORKLOAD - SHOULD A Workload Model and its evolution from the A31 0-200 certification SECONDARYTASK BESECONDARY? to that of A320. Special attention is given to the data collection MICHAEL A. VlDULlCH (USAF, Armstrong Aerospace Medical procedures, the development of scenarios, the program results, Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH) IN: International the statistical tests, and the time-line plots. It is shown that one Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, of the great strengths of the model is its ability to offer continuous 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, data through the entire duration of a real flight. The model can 1989, p. 802-807. refs be used to predict the pilot workload ratings in a valid and reliable This paper examines the viability of two central assumptions manner and during the development of new aircraft to assess the in the traditional secondary-task technique for measuring work load: potential implications of design decisions on workload. I.S. that the secondary task be given a low priority relative to the primary task, and that the sensitivity of the secondary task A90-26288# performance is inversely related to its intrusiveness to the primary STALL VALIDATION task. The sources of these two beliefs and the bases for challenges GERALD P. CHUBB (SofTech, Inc., Fairborn, OH) and RICHARD to them are examined, and a possible alternative to the A. MILLER (Ohio State University, Columbus) IN: International secondary-task technique is investigated. These experiments Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, focused on the effect of priority instructions in determining the 1989, proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, sensitivity of the added (Le., secondary) task’s performance to 1989, p. 784-789. refs the measured (i.e., the primary) task’s work load, with special This paper describes the results of model validation for the consideration given to the relationship between sensitivity and STALL (for saturation of tactical aviator load limits) model, which intrusiveness. The results suggest that the sensitivity of the added is a queuing network theory approach to the pilot work-load task might be directly linked to intrusiveness. I.S. analysis. Three treatment conditions were examined: (1) portraying the impact of independent nonidentical arrival streams; (2) A90-26292# simulating the fly-out phase, where a homogeneous activity pool IN-FLIGHT AND POST-FLIGHT ASSESSMENT OF PILOT is split into Type A and Type B activity pools; and (3) combining WORKLOAD IN COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT the use of case 1 and case 2. The results of simulation runs are USING SWAT presented in the form of graphs. IS. WILLIAM H. CORWIN (Douglas Aircraft Co., Long Beach, CA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, A90-26289# Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. THE PROCESSING DEMANDS OF TRACKING STRATEGIES Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 808-813. BARRY P. GOETTL (Clemson University, SC) IN: International This paper examines the effect of probe timing (in-flight vs Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th. Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, post-flight) on the subjective assessment of work load in flights 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, containing both low-level and high-level work loads by commercial 1989, p. 790-795. Research supported by USAF. refs airline pilots who flew a six-degree-of-freedom FAA-certified ’Phase The processing demands of tracking strategies for operating KK 8-727 simulator. Each pilot flew three different flights: (1) a systems of high-order control dynamics, such as a high- 30-min-long standard or ’nominal flight’; (2) a 30-min-long performance aircraft, were evaluated using Navon’s (1984, ’communication’ flight, in which normal duties were coupled with 1985) optimum-maximum procedure. Subjects were asked to requirements to tune and talk on the command ratio; and (3) an perform two tracking tasks concurrently, with the goal of keeping 1.5-hr-long ’malfunction flight’ containing two diversions and engine two cursors, one moving horizontally and one vertically (controlled and hydraulic system failures (1hr 30 min). Results indicated no by the right and the left hand, respectively) as close as possible effect of probe timing for the nominal and communication flights to a red cross in the center of a display. Tracking strategy was but a significant interaction of probe timing and phase-of-flight in manipulated between groups. One group of subjects performed the malfunction flight, in which post-flight ratings of high work-load tracking tasks with the impulse strategy, while the other group events were higher than in-flight ratings of the same event. IS. used the continuous strategy. The analysis of tracking strategies suggested that the continuous strategy demanded more A90-26294’# University of Southern California, Los Angeles. central-processing resources than the double-impulse strategy. THE EFFECTS OF CONTROL ORDER, FEEDBACK, PRACTICE, IS. AND INPUT DEVICE ON TRACKING PERFORMANCE AND PERCEIVED WORKLOAD A90-26290’# San Jose State Univ., CA. P. A. HANCOCK and M. A. ROBINSON (Southern California, DISSOCIATION REVISITED - WORKLOAD AND University, Los Angeles, CA) IN: International Symposium on PERFORMANCE IN A SIMULATED FLIGHT TASK Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, TERESA KING (San Jose State University, CA), JOY Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, HAMERMAN-MATSUMOTO (Bio-Dynamics Research and p. 820-825. refs Development Corp., Eugene, OR), and SANDRA G. HART (NASA, (Contract NCC2-379) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA) IN: International The present experiment examined the influence of several Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, task-related factors on tracking performance and concomitant 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, workload. The manipulated factors included tracking order, the 1989, p. 796-801. presence or absence of knowledge of performance, and the control The multiple resource model has been used as the theoretical device. Summed root mean square error (rmse) and perceived

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workload were measured at the termination of each trial. Perceived A90-26300# workload was measured using the NASA Task Load Index (TLX) EXPLORATORY EXPERIENCE IN MENTAL PROCESS IN and the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT). SOME AIRPLANE ACCIDENTS DUE TO HUMAN FACTORS Results indicated a large and expected effect for track order on VINCENT CARMlGNlANl (Airbus Industrie, Paris, France) IN: both performance and the perception of load. In general, trackball International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, input was more accurate and judged for lower load than input OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, using a mouse. The presence or absence of knowledge of Ohio State University, 1989, p. 860-865. performance had little effect on either performance or workload. There were a number of interactions between factors shown in A90-26302# performance that were mirrored by perceived workload scores. RATES AND RISK FACTORS FOR ACCIDENTS AND Results from each workload scale were equivalent in terms of INCIDENTS VERSUS VIOLATIONS FOR U.S. AIRMEN sensitivity to task manipulations. The pattern of results affirm the M. E. LUBNER, M. PHIL, D. A. ISHERWOOD, J. S. MARKOWITZ, utility of these workload measures in assessing the imposed load and L. F. LESTER (Columbia University, New York) IN: of multiple task-related variables. Author International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 872-877. Research sponsored by A90-26295# FAA. refs WORKLOAD ASSESSMENTBYSECONDARY TASKSAND This paper compares risk factors involved in aircraft accidents THE MULTIDIMENSIONALITY OF HUMAN INFORMATION (A), incidents (I), and violations (V) of the Federal Aviation PROCESSING RESOURCES Regulations, using government reports from NTSB, FAA, NASA, DIETRICH MANZEY (DLR, lnstitut fuer Flugmedizin, Hamburg, military bases, and published papers as sources of epidemiological Federal Republic of Germany) IN: International Symposium on data. Epidemiologic case-control methodology is used to assess Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, the probability of having an occurrence. True rates are calculated Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, including both morbidity and mortality. The variables assessed for p. 826-831. refs odds ratios include gender, age, the FAA region, and the class of This paper describes a procedure of work-load assessment by medical and airmen certificates. Results showed that having a secondary-task technique. Four tasks were assigned to subjects, Class Ill medical certificate is protective against all occurrences, assuming that two of these tasks, namely, the mental arithmetic while having a Class I was a risk factor for all three occurrences, (MA) and the Sternberg task, tap mainly the perceptual-cognitive especially V. Private pilots had an elevated risk for all three resources. The other two tasks, the discrete cursor positioning occurrences. I.S. (CP) and the switchboard task (SW), were classified as tasks that demand mainly the response-related resources. The performance A90-26304# measure of each task was the number of correct responses during HUMAN FACTORS IN ATC OPERATIONS - ANTICIPATORY each 2.5-min trial. It was found that the time-sharing efficiency CLEARANCES was highest in the conditions in which the MA task had to be LOREN J. ROSENTHAL and VINCENT J. MELLONE (Battelle combinded with discrete CP or the SW task. IS. Aviation Safety Reporting System Program Office, Mountain View, CA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. A90-26298# Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 884-889. A HUMAN PERFORMANCE RE-INTERPRETATION OF This paper addresses control problems arising from the use of FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO AN AIRLINE AVIATION anticipatory runway clearances. Instances are described where ACCIDENT unexpected events derogated the safety of anticipatory clearances NEIL JOHNSTON IN: International Symposium on Aviation given by controllers. Chief among them were pilot actions/inactions Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. such as failures to hold short, unexpected performances on Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. approach, and delayed or unexpected taxi actions. Practical steps 848-853. refs to enhance safety of anticipatory clearances are suggested. I.S. The feasibility of applying social sciences to assess the contribution of the human factor to an airline aviation accident is A90-26305# discussed. As a demonstration of the appplicability of social ANALYSIS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL OPERATING scientific theory to the accident analysis, examples are presented IRREGULARITIES in which a breakdown in cockpit management and team work PAUL STAGER and DONALD HAMELUCK (York University, occurred during situations involving malfunctions of aircraft systems Toronto, Canada) IN: International Symposium on Aviation in flight. It is suggested that operationally trained human-factor Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. specialists should be included in accident investigation teams. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 890-895. I.S. Research supported by Transport Canada. refs Reports prepared during the investigation of 301 operating irregularities were analyzed in order to identify the factors most A90-26299# likely to precipitate air traffic control incidents. The analysis THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE IN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT indicated that the occurrence of incidents was not related directly INVESTIGATION to rated workload. Operating irregularities tended to occur under WALTER E. SIPES (USAF, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks conditions of moderate or low workload and normal complexity. AFB, TX) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, The most frequently cited primary categories of error in the incident 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. reports were attention, judgement, and communication. However, Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 854-859. refs a revision of the present category system is required and should This paper presents a guide, or , that could be used reflect contemporary approaches to human error. Author for making a psychological profile of an aircrew after an aircraft accident, based on information obtained from records and A90-26306'# Hampton Univ., VA. interviews. The checklist, to be used as a standardized approach MULTI-MEDIA AUTHORING - INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING to look at human factors of an aircraft accident, consists of seven OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS BASED ON ASRS INCIDENT standardized areas: the developmental history, psychosocial REPORTS indices, the psychological flying analysis, the pharmacological HERBERT B. ARMSTRONG (Hampton University, VA) and history, physiological factors, physical-condition factors, and RENATE J. ROSKE-HOFSTRAND (NASA, Ames Research Center, pathological factors. I.S. Moffett Field, CA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation

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Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20,1989, Proceedings. Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20,1989, Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, 896-901. refs p. 920-925. refs This paper discusses the use of computer-assisted instructions Multidimensional scaling (MDS) was applied to performance and flight simulations to enhance procedural and perceptual motor data obtained from expert and novice pilots during simulated task training. Attention is called to the fact that incorporating the air-to-air combat. The analyses revealed the principal performance accident and incident data contained in reports filed with the dimensions to be TACTICAL POSITION (offensive versus Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) would be a valuable defensive). TACTICS ('energy' versus 'angle'), and TYPE OF training tool which the learner could apply for other situations. MANEUVERING (low energy versus high energy). High-skilled The need to segment the events is emphasized; this would make combat performance was found to be dependent on the interaction it possible to modify events in order to suit the needs of the between position advantage, intelligent management of kinetic and training environment. Methods were developed for designing potential , and maneuverability. Author meaningful scenario development on runway incursions on the basis of analysis of ASRS reports. It is noted that, while the A90-26567 development of interactive training tools using the ASRS and other TRANSPARENCY AND COHERENCE IN HUMAN MOTION data bases holds much promise, the design and production of PERCEPTION interactive video programs and laser disks are very expensive. It G. R. STONER, T. D. ALBRIGHT (Salk Institute for Biological is suggested that this problem may be overcome by sharing the Studies, La Jolla, CA), and V. S. RAMACHANDRAN (California, costs of production to develop a library of materials available to a University, La Jolla) Nature (ISSN 0028-0836),vol. 344, March broad range of users. IS. 8, 1990, p. 153-155. Research supported by NIH and USAF. refs A90-26307# Copyright ATC CONTROL AND COMMUNICATIONS PROBLEMS - AN When two independently moving gratings are superimposed, OVERVIEW OF RECENT ASRS DATA the human visual system tends to see the gratings cohere amd ROWENA MORRISON and R. H. WRIGHT (Battelle Aviation Safety move unambiguously in a single direction (pattern motion) instead Reporting System Program Office, Mountain View, CA) IN: of moving independently (component motion). It is reported here International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, that the tendency to see pattern motion depends very strongly on OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, the luminance of the intersections where the gratings overlap Ohio State University, 1989, p. 902-907. relative to that of the gratings in a way that closely parallels the This paper examines the ATC control and communications physics of transparency. When the luminance of these regions is problems, with special attention given to correlating the experience chosen appropriately, pattern motion is destroyed and re- level of the controller and the incident occurrences. The types of placed by the appearance of two transparent gratings moving safety incidents occurring in the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting independently. The observations imply that motion detecting System (ASRS) data set and the most frequently occurring mechanisms in the visual system must have access to tacit controller errors in the high work-load situations are identified, , 'knowledge' of the physics of transparency and that this knowledge and the specific work-load and environmental factors associated can be used to segment the scene into different objects. The with these errors were correlated with pilot errors that may have same knowledge could, in principle, be used to avoid confusing preceded or predisposed the air traffic controller's errors. The shadows with real object boundaries. C.D. implications of findings in regard to current ATC procedures and policies are assessed. IS. A90-27406' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. A~O-moa# MAINTAINING HUMAN PRODUCTIVITY DURING MARS WHERE'S THE WORKLOAD IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL? TRANSIT ELIZABETH D. MURPHY, RAY A. REAUX, LISA J. STEWART IRVING C. STATLER and CHARLES E. BILLINGS (NASA, Ames (CTA, Inc., McLean, VA), WILLIAM D. COLEMAN (Hewlett-Packard Research Center, Moffett Field, CA) SAE, lntersociety Conference Co., Santa Clara, CA), and KARIN BRUCE (James Martin on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26,1989. Associates, Reston, VA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation 11 p. refs Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20,1989, Proceedings. (SAE PAPER 891435) Copyright Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. This paper addresses the special nature of the human-machine 908-913. refs relationship during a trip to Mars. In particular, the potential for (Contract DTRS57-86-C-00101) monotony and boredom during a long-duration space voyage and To meet projected demands for the ATC services, the NASA the effect on motivation and productivity can be important plan calls for the increased automation of domestic air traffic control considerations to the health and welfare of the crew. For the by the year 2000. This paper considers the methodology developed voyage to Mars, a design may be considered that will purposefully for quantifying and assessing the effects of future transition states maintain some level of workload for the crew as a preventive of the ATC system on the work load of the domestic controller. measure for the deterioration of productivity that comes with Two future transition states were selected to demonstrate a boredom. This paper speculates on these considerations, on the proof-of-concept. The Advanced Automation System (AAS) will appropriate level of workload for maximum productivity, and on incorporate the conflict-alerting capabilities of the first phase of what might be done during the mission to alleviate the problems the AERA (advanced en route air traffic control) software. The caused by monotony and boredom. Author second phase of the AERA software will provide the air traffic controller with automated conflict-resolution capabilities. A A90-27635' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. controller work-load model (CWM), developed to provide a common Ames Research Center, Mofiett Field, CA. framework for comparing the ATC work load across different ANGULAR VELOCITY DISCRIMINATION transition states, is described. IS. MARY K. KAISER (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA) Perception and Psychophysics (ISSN 0031-5117), vol. 47, A90-26309# 1990, p. 149-156. refs MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING ANALYSIS OF SIMULATED Copyright AIR COMBAT MANEUVERING PERFORMANCE DATA. II - A Three experiments designed to investigate the ability of naive FOLLOW-ON STUDY observers to discriminate rotational velocities of two simultaneously RONALD J. POLZELLA (Dayton, University, OH) and GARY B. viewed objects are described. Rotations are constrained to occur REID (USAF, Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, about the x and y axes, resulting in linear two-dimensional image Wright-Patterson AFB, OH) IN: International Symposium on trajectories. The results indicate that observers can discriminate

139 53 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES angular velocities with a competence near that for linear velocities. N90-17277# Belgian Air Force, Brussels. Medical Aerospace However, perceived angular rate is influenced by structural aspects Center. of the stimuli. C.D. REVIEW OF SERIOUS AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS IN THE BELGIAN AIR FORCE: CAUSES AND COMPARISON WITH SELECTION DATA Report, Sep. 1973 - Juri. 1986 [REVUE DES ACCIDENTS AERIENS GRAVES A LA FORCE AERIENNE A90-27636* National Aeronautics and Space Administration. BELGE: CAUSES ET COMPARAISON AVEC QUELQUES Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. DONNEES DE SELECTION] THE METHOD OF CONSTANT STIMULI IS INEFFICIENT J-C. GENON, P. TECK, and P. VANDENBOSCH ln AGARD, ANDREW B. WATSON (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Human Behaviour in High Stress Situations in Aerospace Field, CA) and ANDREW FITZHUGH (Hewlett-Packard Operations 12 p Jun. 1989 In FRENCH Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA) Perception and Psychophysics (ISSN Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals 0031-5117). vol. 47, no. 1, 1990, p. 87-91. refs requests available only from AGARD/Scientific Publications Copyright Executive Simpson (1988) has argued that the method of constant stimuli Methods used by the Belgian Air Force for the analysis of is as efficient as adaptive methods of threshold estimation and aircraft accidents are outlined. Accident base data and the causal has supported this claim with simulations. It is shown that Simpson’s factors employed in the analyses are described. Causal factors simulations are not a reasonable model of the experimental process are grouped into three categories including human factors, and that more plausible simulations confirm that adaptive methods inexperience, and external (non-human) factors. Accident data are are much more efficient that the method of constant stimuli. presented for each factor in isolation and factors conjugated with Author other factors. The relation between causal factors and pilot selection data (psychometric and personality) is also examined. Transl. by M.G.

N90-17275# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, Neuilly-Sur-Seine (France). Aerospace Medical Panel. N90-17278# Royal Norwegian Air Force, Blindern. Inst. of HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IN HIGH STRESS SITUATIONS IN Aviation Medicine. AEROSPACE OPERATIONS ACCIDENTS iN FIGHTER AIRCRAFT CAUSED BY HUMAN Jun. 1989 200 p In ENGLISH and FRENCH Symposium FACTORS. WHY DO THEY OCCUR held in Hague, Netherlands, 24-28 Oct. 1988 GRETE MYHRE ln AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress (AGARD-CP-458; ISBN-92-835-0517-4) Copyright Avail: NTlS Sduations in Aerospace Operations 6 p Jun. 1989 HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals requests available only Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals from AGARD/Scientific Publications Executive requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications These Proceedings include the Technical Evaluation Report, Executive the Keynote Address, 20 papers and ensuing discussions from Pilots in fighter aircraft represent a rigorously selected group the Symposium sponsored by the AGARD Aerospace Medical Panel both physically and psychologically. Still, more than half of the held in The Hague, The Netherlands from 24 to 28 October 1989. incidents and accidents involving these aircraft can be attributed As the human operator is more and more clearly shown to be the to human factor overloading, even during routine operations. In limiting factor in the operational performance of modern aerospace what way is this high number of human error accidents explained, systems, more and more rigorous selection criteria must be applied considering the fact that the psychological selection tests have for psychological as well as medical selection of aircrew. This never been more sophisticated and thorough than they are today. Symposium examined this problem from the point of view of Possible reasons for and answers to this question are examined. human behavior in high stress situations specifically looking at Author incident and accident experience, personality traits, responses to stress and prediction of behavioral responses. These proceedings will be of interest to those involved with the psychological selection and/or assessment of aircrew. N90- 17279# Aeronautical Research Inst. of Sweden, Stockholm. PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF PILOTS INVOLVED IN ACCIDENTS IN THE SWEDISH AIR FORCE N90-17276# Royal Air Force Inst. of Aviation Medicine, KRISTINA POLLACK ln AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress Farnborough (England). Situations in Aerospace Operations 4 p Jun. 1989 CAUSES OF AIRCREW ERROR IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals J. W. CHAPPELOW ln AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications Situations in Aerospace Operations 9 p Jun. 1989 Executive Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals Every aircraft accident could be described as a unique requests available only from AGARD/Scientific Publications life-event, complex in nature with varying causes and effects. Executive Studies of the emotional consequences of accidents in military One hundred and forty nine military flying accidents were aircrew are sparse. Data obtained from pilots involved in accidents investigated by psychologists. Inspection of the data collected was examined to learn their psychological reactions to accidents. revealed that nearly half of the accidents involved inadequacies As a part of the air safety program in the Swedish Air Force in equipment design, training or administration. Cognitive failure retrospective information was obtained from 40 pilots who had was a major cause of aircrew error and was more often associated survived military aircraft crashes during 1978 to 85. In order to with underarousal than with overarousal. Overarousal made a collect objective and subjective data all pilots completed significant contribution to aircrew error, but largely as a secondary comprehensive questionnaires covering the following areas: (1) factor, i.e., it was generally a consequence of mechanical problems, the air crash; (2) how events happened during the ejection and disorientation, or prior mishandling of the aircraft. Personality factors the following rescue; (3) the medical consequences and the also made a significant contribution, and the data suggest two emotional sequels, Le., reactions, thoughts and mood after survival; distinct types of problem. Life stress and high workload appeared and (4) attitudes towards resuming flying duty. Free comments not to play a major part in stress-related accidents. Fatigue was were encouraged in the responses to questions concerning desired not a major factor, but was closely associated with cognitive psychological support and rehabilitation. Results are examined. failure. Author Author

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N90-17280# Israeli Air Force Aeromedical Center, Tel Hashomer. N90-17282*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Psychology and Psychiatry. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. THE DESCENT FROM THE OLIMPUS THE EFFECT OF LEADER PERSONALITY AND CREW EFFECTIVENESS ACCIDENTS ON AIRCREW SURVIVORS FACTORS INFLUENCING PERFORMANCE IN FULL-MISSION I. BARNEA ln AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress Situations AIR TRANSPORT SIMULATION in Aerospace Operations 9 p Jun. 1989 THOMAS R. CHIDESTER and H. CLAYTON FOUSHEE ln Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress Situations in Aerospace requests available only from AGARD/Scientific Publications Operations 9 p Jun. 1989 Executive Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals Limited research has been done studying the effects of flying requests available only from AGARD/Scientific Publications accidents on surviving aircrews (pilots and navigators). In general, Executive CSCL 0519 it consists of case studies conducted by squadron medical staff A full mission simulation research study was completed to focusing on serious problems developed by the pilot and/or his assess the potential for selection along dimensions of personality. family as a result of the accident. The most significant finding of Using a selection algorithm described by Chidester (1987), captains this research has been that the return to flying following an accident were classified as fitting one of three profiles using a battery of in flight is not as simple as it may appear. To consider an accident personality assessment scales, and the performances of 23 crews as part of the training routine and to expect return to normal led by captains fitting each profile were contrasted over a one activities as if nothing out of the ordinary has occurred is to ignore and one-half day simulated trip. Crews led by captains fitting a the legitimate emotional reactions of the aircrew and the possible Positive Instrumental Expressive profile (high achievement effects of those reactions on the development of physical and motivation and interpersonal skill) were consistently effective and psychological symptoms including deterioration of flying made fewer errors. Crews led by captains fitting a Negative performance, motivation and commitment. Return to flying with Communion profile (below average achievement motivation, hidden, untreated symptoms is likely to aggravate them, prolong negative expressive style, such as complaining) were consistently their resolution or even make them irreversible resulting in the less effective and made more errors. Crews led by captains fitting loss of flight personnel. Two objectives were persued: (1) to improve a Negative Instrumental profile (high levels of Competitiveness, the understanding of the relationship between a flying accident, Verbal Aggressiveness, and Impatience and Irritability) were less the resulting emotional reactions and their effect on performance effective on the first day but equal to the best on the second levels; and (2) to develop an effective intervention procedure to day. These results underscore the importance of stable personality enable the accident survivors to return quickly to preaccident variables as predictors of team coordination and performance. functioning, both emotionally and professionally. Several aircrew Author survivors of serious flying accidents in the past five years participated in a research conducted by a psychologist using a N90-17283# Aerospace Medical Research Labs., structured interview especially developed for the present study. Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. Human Engineering Div. Results of the interview showed that 44 percent of the survivors REACTIONS TO EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN ACTUAL AND reported a decrease in their flight performance and feeling toward SIMULATED FLIGHT flying than prior to the accident. Author GLENN F. WILSON, JUNE SKELLY, and BRADLEY PURVIS In AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress Situations in Aerospace Operations 15 p Jun. 1989 Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals N90-17281# Air Force Human Resources Lab., Brooks AFB, requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications TX. Personnel Research Psychologist. Executive PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF USAF PILOT Four emergency situations occurred during inflight and simulated CANDIDATES air-to-ground training missions. Heart rate data were recorded from I FREDERICK M. SlEM ln AGARD, Human Behaviour in High the pilots as part of a study designed to determine the effects of Stress Situations in Aerospace Operations 7 p Jun. 1989 mission segment and flight position. A 50 percent increase in Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals heart rate was found to occur only during actual flight but not requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications during simulated flight emergencies. Heart rate variability decieased in all cases but to a greater extent during the inflight I Executive To examine the utility of personality measures for enhancing emergencies. Author current selection methods, a computerized personality inventory ~ was administered to a sample of USAF pilot candidates prior to N90-17284# Illinois Univ., Urbana-Champaign. Inst. of Aviation. flying training. Analysis of the data suggested that two of five EXPERTISE, STRESS, AND PILOT JUDGMENT

~ I personality factors were associated with training outcomes, and CHRISTOPHER D. WICKENS, BARBARA BARNETT, ALAN that one of the measures added predictive utility to test scores STOKES, TOM DAVIS, JR., and FRED HYMAN ln AGARD, currently used for pilot selection. Candidates who were Human Behaviour in High Stress Situations in Aerospace self-confident and not dogmatic manifested higher graduation rates Operations 9 p Jun. 1989 than pilot candidates who were either less self-confident or more (Contract C87-101376-2) dogmatic (less flexible in their values). For a subset of respondents, Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AOS/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals ' performance scores were available for two phases of training. requests available only from AGARDScientific Publications I Examination of the data indicated that personality characteristics Executive (depression, activity level) that did not differentiate training Two studies are described of pilot judgment, examining the graduates from non-graduates were associated with better effects of stress and of expertise. Both studies were carried out performance in two phases of flight training. In contrast, on a computer-based aviation decision making simulation called I characteristics on which graduates and non-graduates differed MIDIS. In the first study the cognitive abilities of 40 instrument (self-confidence, values flexibility) did not appear to be associated rated pilots, 20 novices and 20 experts were assessed. These with performance scores during training. The main conclusion from pilots then flew the MIDIS simulator on a simulated cross country this research is personality measures can contribute predictive flight during which their performance on a number of in-flight utility to a pilot selection system over and beyond that displayed decisions was assessed. Experts were more confident than novices, by currently operational aptitude measures. A second conclusion but did not perform more optimally. The pattern of ability differences is that careful consideration must be made in the selection of that predicted novice Performance was different from that which both predictor and criterion variables in quantifying the relationships predicted expert performance. In the second study, 10 best suited for determining operational utility of personality instrument-rated pilots flew a different flight on MIDIS under measures. Author conditions of stress (imposed by time pressure, noise, financial

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risk, and ), while 10 subjects flew in a nonstressed recovery in information processing tasks after exposure to startle. control condition. Stress had different effects on different kinds of Data are also presented showing a relationship of several individual decision problems. It degraded performance on those problems difference variables to performance response/recovery following imposing high demand on working memory, but left unaffected startle. These variables include autonomic response to the startle those problems imposing high demand on the retrieval of facts stimulus and level of task proficiency prior to startle. Author from long term memory. The results are discussed in terms of the commonalities between the effects of expertise and stress, on N90-17287# Spanish Air Force (23rd Wing), Talavera AFB. the mechanisms of working memory and long term memory in PERIPHERAL NERVOUS VELOCITY OF CONDUCTION IN pilot judgment. Author FIGHTER PILOTS J. L. GARCIA ALCON, J. M. MORENO VAZQUEZ, J. E. CAMPILLO N90-17285# Norwegian Underwater Technology Center Ltd., ALVAREZ, and A. GONZALEZ RONCERO (National Health Inst., Laksevaag. Badajoz, Spain ) /n AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress STRESS AND PERFORMANCE DURING A SIMULATED Situations in Aerospace Operations 7 p Jun. 1989 FLIGHT IN A F-16 SIMULATOR Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals RAGNAR J. VAERNES, MARlT WARNCKE, GRETE MYHRE, and requests available only from AGARD/Scientific Publications ASBJORN AAKVAAG ln AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Executive Stress Situations in Aerospace Operations 9 p Jun. 1989 Fighter pilot is under an important stress because of his special Prepared in cooperation with Institute of Aviation Medicine, Oslo, professional activity. It origins an automatic response through Norway neurohormonal mechanisms. The most important among these Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals mechanisms is the catecholamins secretion. These hormones will requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications produce very important changes in the general homeostasy. The Executive peripheral nervous system and mainly its mielyn sheath, is highly Sixteen Norwegian F-16 pilots (average age = 24.2 years, sensitive to variations in the internal environment. When that sheath average experience = 2.2 years) were tested before, during and is damaged the rapidity of nervous impulse transmission decrease. after a 90 min flight in a F-16 simulator. During the flight different The system for to know that injury, is through measuring of the emergency operations and landings in difficult weather conditions nervous velocity of conduction. This work shows the abnormal had to be performed. The pilot performance was logged behavior of sensitive nervous velocity of conduction in fighter pilots continuously during the flight (AcceptedINot accepted). Heart rate in depending of flight hours. The great consumption of oxygen (HR)/heart rate variability (HRV) was monitored continuously. Saliva could be the reason for that alteration. Authors have found an for cortisol analysis and urine for catecholamine analysis were important increase in Catalase and Glutathione-Peroxidase, that sampled before and after the flight. Tests of anxiety (state and enzymes are protective systems in front to oxidations. Author trait) and defense mechanisms (Plutchik’s Life Style Index, LSI) were administered. In addition to the pilots’ test results on Krag’s N90-17288# University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Dept. Defense Mechanism Test (DMT), results on psychomotor of Human Factors. performance from the selection period were used. The endocrine TRAINING AND SELECTING INDIVIDUALS FOR HIGH LEVELS and the HR-results indicated that the pilots were very activated OF INFORMATION PROCESSING LOAD during the flight. A HR of 120 beatslmin was registrated. There DIANE DAMOS In AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress were significant correlations between endocrine levels and Situations in Aerospace Operations 5 p Jun. 1989 not-accepted performance. Pilots with high defense mechanisms (Contract N00014-86-K-0119) were significantly less activated on HRV, but had more pilot errors. Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals Pilots with high defense considered simulator training as less requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications important and they also trusted more the instruments in the aircraft. Executive There was a significant correlation between high defense and Techniques are examined for training and selecting pilots to number of near miss episodes during real flights. The results deal with high information processing loads. Models of human confirm previous studies which have shown that high defense information processing are briefly reviewed, then four methods of correlates both to endocrine activation and impaired performance selecting pilots who can process large amounts of information during stress in high risk occupations. Author quickly are discussed. Three of these four methods (selection based on the Type A behavioral pattern, measures of specific N90-17286# Civil Aeromedical Inst., Oklahoma City, OK. timesharing abilities, and the specific multiple-task response PERFORMANCE RECOVERY FOLLOWING STARTLE: A strategy) are recommended either for immediate use or for more LABORATORY APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF BEHAVIORAL extensive evaluation. Automation, the development of timesharing RESPONSE TO SUDDEN AIRCRAFT EMERGENCIES skills, and the development of flexible visual scan patterns are RICHARD I. THACKRAY In AGARD, Human Behaviour in High techniques that could be used to increase a pilot’s information Stress Situations in Aerospace Operations 7 p Jun. 1989 processing rate. None of these techniques has a basic research Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals data base sufficient for the development of operational training requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications techniques. All three are, however, promising and should be Executive pursued in a systematic fashion. Author The use of response/recovery to auditory startle as a laboratory technique for simulating some of the principal aspects of the initial N90-17289# Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab., Pensacola, shock phase of sudden emergency situations is examined. It is FL. submitted that auditory startle, with its unexpectedness, pronounced PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT IN AVIATION SELECTION autonomic reaction, fear-like subjective experience, and frequent DANIEL L. DOLGIN In AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress behavioral disruption, approximates the response pattern to be Situations in Aerospace Operations 7 p Jun. 1989 expected in the initial shock phase of sudden traumatic Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals emergencies, and that by studying the time course of performance requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications recovery following startle, as well as individual differences in Executive response/recovery, a better understanding may be gained of some A comprehensive review of the personality literature as it of the variables related to extreme reactions displayed by individuals relates to aircrew selection was conducted. The purpose was to in real life emergency situations. Research studies on performance identify specific tests that warrant further research as potential impairment/recovery following startle are reviewed. These studies prediction instruments. Aviation selection techniques in the U.S. include those dealing with initial reaction time to the startle stimulus Navy and US. Air Force were reviewed. Individual tests used in itself, disruption and recovery rate of perceptual-motor (tracking) aviation selection are discussed in terms of their results. The advent performance following startle, and the time-course of performance of performance-based personality assessment in the 1970s is

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examined, and implications for future test development are N90-17292# lnstitut d’Aeronomie Spatiale de Belgique, explored. The majority of personality instruments reviewed were Brussels. invalid for pilot selection. In some cases, methodological difficulties PRINCIPLE GUIDELINES FOR THE PSYCHOLOGICAL may have obviated more promising results. Recommendations are SCREENING OF CANDIDATE PILOTS FOR THE BELGIAN AIR made for continued research with several tests that appear to be FORCE [LIGNES DIRECTRICES PRINCIPALES FONDANT LA both effective in pilot selection and psychometrically sound. Those SELECTION PSYCHOLOGIQUE DES CANDIDATS PILOTES A recommended selection tests include the Defense Mechanism Test LA FORCE AERIENNE BELGE] because of its effectiveness in predicting pilot training success J-C. GENON and P. VANDERBOSCH (Belgian Air Force, and safety in the Swedish and Danish forces. The Personality Brussels.) ln AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress Situations Research Form is recommended due to both its psychometric in Aerospace Operations 5 p Jun. 1989 In FRENCH construction and current research efforts that are ongoing in the Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals Canadian Armed Forces and US. Air Force. The Locus of Control requests available only from AGARD/Scientific Publications is also proposed for both closer and continued attention. Other Executive recommended selection instruments include the Work and Family Various psychological testing and screening methods employed Orientation Questionnaire and Extended Personality Attributes by the Belgian Air Force for the selection of pilots are described. Questionnaire. Safety in aviation is also addressed as a major, Emphasis is given to the description of guidelines for the candidate emerging area of interest in the 1980s. Author selection process. Selection criteria, interpretation of results. functional models, and the use of simulation are also addressed. Transl. by M.G. N90-17290# Bergen Univ. (Norway). Dept. of Physiological Psychology. N90-17293# Institute for Perception RVO-TNO, Soesterberg ACTIVATION: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE (Netherlands). ALARM SYSTEM IN THE BRAIN PREDICTION OF SUCCESS IN FLIGHT TRAINING BY SINGLE- HOLGER URSlN ln AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress AND DUAL-TASK PERFORMANCE Situations in Aerospace Operations 11 p Jun. 1989 P. G. A. M. JORNA ln AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals Situations in Aerospace Operations 10 p Jun. 1989 requests available only from AGARD/Scientific Publications Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals Executive requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications There is hardly any human activity where the level of Executive wakefulness may have so dramatic effects on performance with Advanced technology has changed the type and the amount consequences for life and death, as aviation and other forms of of information a pilot has to process. The military pilot is particularly rapid transportation. All aspects of the problem area seem to be involved in performing multiple tasks under difficult working present: boredom and lack of attention during long periods of conditions. Some aspirant pilots are not able to finish advanced routine operation, bursts of activity at top performance level, and training, apparently for reasons of an insufficient multiple task the possibility that there are long term effects which may be harmful performance. A reduction of such attrition is highly desirable to in the long run. Numerically land transport is by far the most reduce the cost of training. A test based on dual-task performance dangerous and costly operation, counted in lives lost or invalids was developed to investigate the trainability of aspirant pilots to produced. However, the concern herein is aviation, but the factors perform under such demanding conditions. The dual-task was a involved are general psychological and physiological principles valid combination of a pursuit tracking task with preview and a continuous for many types of activity. The mechanisms are actually biologically memory task (CMT). Aspirant pilots practiced the tracking task general as well, and some of the relevant data derive from animal and were tested under single- and dual-task conditions. Dual-task experimentation. The mechanisms are examined in detail. performance was expected to be related to pilot aptitude as Author assessed by other criteria. The results were validated against the level of pilot aptitude as assessed by traditional selection procedures, a flight simulator test and advanced flight training for N90-17291# Ministry of Defence, London (England). the Lockheed Orion and the Westland Lynx helicopter. Sucqessful THE TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS OF RAF DEFENCE aspirants, now operational pilots, were characterized by their MECHANISM TESTING excellent performance under dual-task conditions. Less successful G. J. WALKER-SMITH In AGARD, Human Behaviour in High aspirants performed less efficient under dual-task conditions as Stress Situations in Aerospace Operations 6 p Jun. 1989 well as single-task conditions, depending on how soon they failed Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals in the selection and training process. Prior flying experience did requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications not influence tracking performance and was not found to be a Executive critical factor in predicting success in advanced or operational The Defense Mechanism Test (DMT) is a projective personality flight training. Author test that was devised in Sweden, in the 1950s. It was designed to identify how individuals cope with a threat and to assess what N90-17294# Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab., Pensacola, defence mechanisms are used to protect the individual in a stressful FL. situation. Swedish validity studies have shown that the DMT can PREDICTING AIR COMBAT MANEUVERING (ACM) predict training wastage and pilot error flying accidents. PERFORMANCE Consequently the DMT has been used for pilot selection. The G. R. GRIFFIN ln AGARD, Human Behaviour in High Stress test has also been used for Air Force pilot selection in Norway, Situations in Aerospace Operations 13 p Jun. 1989 Denmark, Greece and the Netherlands and is undergoing trials in Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals other countries. Since 1976 empirical investigations have been requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications carried out to test the validity of using the DMT to select Royal Executive Air Force (RAF) pilots. Owing to methodological inadequacies, early A difficult aspect of predicting fleet pilot performance is acquiring RAF trials proved inconclusive. However, in 1984 a DMT trial was meaningful and reliable, inflight criteria. Air Combat Maneuvering set up where the Swedish method of testing was followed. DMT (ACM) performance was provided using performance-based scores were collected from a sample of 253 pilot trainees and laboratory tests and the VF-43 adversary squadron’s grading of their flying training results and flying accident involvement are inflight ACM performance was evaluated in the Fleet Fighter ACM being monitored. So far this DMT trial has shown that the DMT Readiness Program. In an initial evaluation, F-4 pilots performed scores fail to predict flying training performance. The discrepancy in Fleet Fighter ACM Readiness exercises and completed between the RSwAF results and the RAF findings is considered. performance-based perceptual motor and multitask tests. Results Author indicated that dichotic listening test measures, obtained during

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multitask conditions, could be used to reliably predict ACM inflight N90-17297# Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA. Dept. of criteria. Results assigned by VF-43 adversary personnel can be Psychology. predicted reliably by an objective kill difference composite score A MODEL FOR VISUAL ATTENTION Final Technical Report, and three subjective measures: situational awareness, mutual 31 Jul. 1988 - 31 Jul. 1989 support, and energy management. These measures accounted for ADAM REEVES 1 Oct. 1989 4 p 78 percent of the variance with the OAG. A correlational analysis (Contract AF-AFOSR-0172-87; AF PROJ. 2313) suggests that the VF-43 grading process is reliable and (AD-A214505; AFOSR-89-1322TR) Avail: NTlS HC A01 /MF A01 consistent. Author CSCL 0614 Research has been undertaken in three areas concerning human visual attention: the AGM model for attention shifting, iconic N90-17295# Institute for Perception RVO-TNO, Soesterberg memory and visual imagery. GRA (Netherlands). STANDARDIZED TESTS FOR RESEARCH WITH N90-17298# Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Learning Research and ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS THE AGARD STRES Development Center. BATTERY FEEDBACK EFFECTS IN COMPUTER-BASED SKILL L. C. BOER, E. W. FARMER, and GLENN F. WILSON (Aerospace LEARNING Final Report, 1986 - 1989 Medical Research Labs., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH.) In AGARD, JOHN M. LEVINE and WALTER SCHNEIDER 12 Sep. 1989 Human Behaviour in High Stress Situations in Aerospace 69 P Operations 16 p Jun. 1989 (Contract NO0014-86-K-0569; RR04206) Copyright Avail: NTlS HC AO9/MF A02; Non-NATO Nationals (AD-A214560) Avail: NTlS HC A04/MF A01 CSCL 0516 requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications This paper reports several experiments that investigated how Executive performance feedback in a computer-based training environment Assessment of human cognitive performance under stress is affected students’ acquisition of cognitive skills requiring substantial highly desirable, but is hampered by lack of standardization. Most practice. College students worked on category-search or electronic tasks used in stress research are based on the paradigms of troubleshooting tasks; problems were presented, responses were Human Performance Theory, that are frameworks for the recorded, and performance feedback was given using manipulation of variables, not yardsticks for assessing stressor microcomputer. We studied the impact of receiving information effects. In consequence, the results of two different studies cannot about: (1) temporal trends in one’s own performance (i.e., be compared directly. Even if the studies used the same paradigm, intrapersonal feedback alone), and (2) temporal trends in both the particular task may have differed on such variables as condition one’s own and others’ performance (Le., joint intrapersonal and of testing, number of trials, amount of training, or type of stimuli. interpersonal feedback). In regard to intrapersonal feedback alone, Thus, for applied work there is a need for standardization. The we assessed how different types of absolute performance AGARD STRES battery (Standardized Tests for Research with information (e.g., weighted vs. unweighted averages of reaction Environmental Stressors) is described as proposed by AGARD. times on previous trials) affected students’ learning. Results The battery consists of seven tasks based on widely-used indicated that these manipulations had only weak effects. In regard paradigms. The seven tasks and a data-exchange format are to joint intrapersonal and interpersonal feedback, we assessed described. Author how different types of relative performance information (e.g., superiority vs. inferiority vis-a-vis others) affected students’ learning. Here, evidence revealed that the type of feedback students N90-17296# Environmental Research Inst. of Michigan, Ann received influenced how well they performed. It was suggested Arbor. that the impact of intrapersonal and intrapersonal feedback will SURVEY OF ERlM APPROACHES APPLICABLE TO be affected by the amount of practice time needed to achieve SEMI-AUTOMATIC TARGET DETECTION AND CUEING FOR proficiency. GRA MULTISPECTRAL AND MULTISENSOR EXPLOITATION Final Report N90-17299# Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Artificial LYNNETTE WOOD 25 Jul. 1989 80 p Sponsored by RADC Intelligence Lab. Prepared for Pattern Analysis and Recognition Corp., New Hartford, COMPLEXITY OF HUMAN LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION NY ERIC S. RISTAD Dec. 1988 50 p (Contract SC-88-0151-02) (Contract N00014-85-K-0124) (AD-A214241; ERIM-215400-1-F) Avail: NTlS HC A05/MF A01 (ADA214591; AI-M-964) Avail: NTlS HC AOS/MF A01 CSCL CSCL 17/8 05/7 Tactical and strategic decisions must increasingly be made The goal of this research has been to understand the based on the aggregation and integration of information from computational structure of principle-and-parameter linguistic various sources. Multiple sensors can be employed to provide a theories: what computational problems do these theories pose range of parameters which can aid in identifying enemy targets. and what is the underlying structure of those computations. The The synergistic combination of data from these various sensors, computational problem of human language comprehension is as well as from other sources, can enhance a photointerpreter’s analyzed: what linguistic representation is assigned to a given ability to locate and identify targets. A semi-automatic multispectral sound. This language comprehension problem may be factored multisensor system for target detection would be invaluable for into smaller, interrelated (but independently stable) problems this purpose. The Semi-Automated Multispectral/Multisensor defined on partial phonological, morphological, and syntactic Exploitation (SAMME) Project is an effort to develop computer representations. For example, in order to understand a given sound, assisted algorithms and display methods to aid interpreters in the listener must assign a phonetic form to the sound; determine identifying targets in multispectral multisensor data. This report the morphemes that compose the words in the sound; and calculate outlines approaches attempted at the Environmental Research the linguistic antecedent of every pronoun in the utterance. The Institute of Michigan (ERIM) which are relevant to the SAMME author proves that these and some other subproblems are all project. A series of over 200 ERlM documents were reviewed. NP-hard, and that language comprehension is itself PSPACE-hard, Included in the review were internal memos, technical reports, according to current linguistic theory. GRA white papers, proposals and journal articles published by ERlM employees which describe results of work done at ERIM. The N90-17300# Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Artificial report includes information on benefits and drawbacks of various Intelligence Lab. approaches under different circumstances. However, this report is THE PERCEPTUAL BUILDUP OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL not a recommendation for a particular system, only a compendium STRUCTURE FROM MOTION of knowledge applicable to the task. GRA ELLEN C. HILDRETH, NORBERT0 M. GRZYWACZ, EDWARD H.

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ADELSON, and VICTOR K. INADA Aug. 1989 37 p perception and imagery and functional differences between the (Contract NOOOl 4-85-K-0124) two types of perceptual selectivity we examined. We found that: (AD-A214640; AI-M-1141; CBIP-M-20) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF (1) prototypical shapes are perceived faster than quasitypical A01 CSCL 05/8 shapes (the goodness of the set between structural representations A set of psychophysical experiments that measure the accuracy and these two types of shapes was assumed to differ), (2) structural of perceived 3-D structure derived from relative motion in the knowledge regarding shape components is a necessary changing 2-D image is presented. The experiments are motivated requirement for imagery reversal, (3) perceptual intentions are more in part by a computational model proposed by Ullman (1984), effective when directed to prototypical rather than nonprototypical called the incremental rigidity scheme, in which an accurate 3-D shapes, implicating structural knowledge as a mechanism through structure is built up incrementally, by considering images of moving which perceptual intentions operate, and (4) spatial attention can objects over an extended time period. The main conclusions are: be directed to parts of objects whereas perceptual intentions may (1) the human visual system can derive an accurate model of the operate holistically. In addition, the experiments provided some relative depths of moving points, even in the presence of noise in evidence that multiple shape representations are activated prior their image positions; (2) the accuracy of the 3-D model improves to shape recognition, and led to a new model of figure-ground with time, eventually reaching a plateau; and (3) the 3-D structure organization. GR.A currently perceived appears to depend on previous 3-D models. Through computer simulations, the results are related of the psychophysical experiments with the predictions of Ullman’s model. GRA N90-17304# Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Psychology. MEASURING LEARNING ABILITY BY DYNAMIC TESTING Final Report, 1 Aug. 1988 31 Jul. 1989 N90-17301# Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab., Pensacola, - SUSAN EMBRETSON 30 Sep. 1989 185 p FL. (Contract AF-AFOSR-0242-88; AF PROJ. 231 3) DEVELOPMENT OF A PERFORMANCE-BASED TEST OF GAZE (AD-A215273; AFOSR-89-1511TR) Avail: NTlS HC AOS/MF A01 CAPABILITY: A THRESHOLD APPROACH Interim Report, Oct. CSCL 0518 1986 Oct. 1988 - A criticism of traditional ability tests is that they are static, W. CARROLL HIXON 16 Oct. 1989 21 p rather than dynamic, measures of intelligence. That is, the tests (ADA214675; NAMRL-1345) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 measure what the person has learned, but not necessarily the CSCL 06/4 capacity to learn. This project developed two tests of learning A high degree of gaze efficiency involving the precise ability, spatial learning ability and mathematical learning ability, coordinated motion of the head and eyes is particularly important based on cognitive theory. In these tests which consist of a pretest to the aviator when making large shifts in gaze during the visual and two posttests, learning ability is the modifiability of a person’s scan of cockpit instruments and avionics systems. For this reason, performance under conditions that change the cognitive load NAMRL has concentrated on the development of a relatively of the task, such as strategy training or cues. To solve some low-cost, performance-based measure of headleye coordination psychometric problems in measuring change (Le., the that can be used to identify individual differences in the naval inequivalencies of raw change at different initial performance levels aviation population. Preliminary research has led to the and the unreliability of change scores), the multidimensional Rasch, development of a simplified test of gaze function identified as the model for learning and change (Embretson, 1987; 1989A; 1989b) Vestibulo Ocular-Reflex Performance Test (VORPET). The test is was used to estimate learning abilities. Further, the tests were based on a Bekesy-type determination of the threshold time counterbalanced for the stimulus features that influence processing required for an individual to recognize and identify a fixed number difficulty assure cognitive equivalency and to observe the impact of digits immediately following 90 deg shifts in gaze. The report to of strategy training and cues on the mental models used in the provides a detailed description of the new test protocol and its tasks. Three goals were accomplished for each test: large sample design concepts along with the results of experiments comparing data was obtained to calibrate the tests by the multidimensional horizontal and vertical gaze, shift performance, and test-retest Rasch model for learning and change, the construct validity of learning effects. GRA the learning ability measurements was examined and the cognitive theory underlying the tasks in each test was extended. 1 GRA N90-17302# George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA. Dept. of Psychology. RECOGNITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOUNDS Final Report, 1 Jun. 1987 - 30 Jun. 1989 N90-17305# Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Artificial JAMES A. BALLAS Nov. 1989 16 p Intelligence Lab. (Contract NOOOl 4-87-K-0167) STIMULUS FAMILIARITY DETERMINES RECOGNITION (AD-A214942; ONR-TR-89-1) Avail: NTlS HC AO3/MF A01 STRATEGY FOR NOVEL 3-D OBJECTS CSCL 2312 SHIMON EDELMAN, HEINRICH BULTHOSS, and DAPHNA The studies focused on two areas: acoustic and WEINSHALL Jul. 1989 23 p perceptual-cognitive factors related to sound identification; and the (Contract N00014-88-K-0164; DACA76-85-C-0010) effects of context on identification of specific sounds. Results (ADA215274; AI-M-1138; CBIP-M-40) Avail: NTlS HC AO3/MF indicated that identification time and accuracy are related to causal A01 CSCL 0614 uncertainty and to a construct called identifiability. Context was Everyday objects are more readily recognized when seen from found to produce negative bias but not positive bias. GRA certain representative, or canonical, viewpoints than from other, random, viewpoints. We investigated the canonical views N90-17303# Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Psychology. phenomenon for novel 3-D objects. In particular, we looked for MEASURES OF SUBJECTIVE VARIABLES IN VISUAL the effects of object complexity and familiarity on the variation of COGNITION Annual Report, 1 Sep. 1988 - 30 Sep. 1989 response times and error rates over different views of the object. MARY A. PETERSON 30 Sep. 1989 120 p Our main findings indicate that the response times for different (Contract AF-AFOSR-0075-89; AF PROJ. 231 3) views become more uniform with practice, even though the subjects (ADA215084; AFOSR-89-1489TR) Avail: NTlS HC AO6/MF A01 in our experiments received no feedback as to the correctness of CSCL 0518 their responses. In addition, the orderly dependency of the response A series of 10 experiments examined the subjective variables time on the distance to a good view, characteristic of the canonical involved in the perceptual organization of shapes and objects; in views phenomenon, disappears with practice. One possible particular, the role played by: (1) perceptual intentions, (2) structural interpretation of our results is in terms of a tradeoff between knowledge, and (3) spatial attention. A series of experiments memory needed for storing specific-view representations of objects identified functional consequences of structural knowledge in both and time spent in recognizing the objects. GRA

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N90-17306# Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, N90-18145 Washington Univ., Seattle. OH. School of Engineering. SENSITIVITY OF THE PERIPHERAL VISION TO SIMULATED PAYLOAD INVARIANT CONTROL VIA NEURAL NETWORKS AIRCRAFT ASCENT AND DESCENT Ph.D. Thesis DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION M.S. DAVID ANDREW WHEELER 1989 50 p Thesis Avail: Univ. Microfilms Order No. DA9000332 MARK A. JOHNSON Dec. 1989 157 p In an effort to decrease the central vision workload in pilots, (AD-A215740; AFIT/GE/ENG/89D-20) Avail: NTlS HC AO8/MF aircraft designers are developing displays which present information A01 CSCL 1219 in the peripheral vision. Described here are the results of One problem in robot control is how to obtain accurate high experiments testing the effects of four display parameters on the speed trajectory tracking when the payload varies throughout the ability of subjects to detect changes in upward and downward performance of the task. A solution to the problem is one movement in the peripheral vision as a possible mode of information requirement for realizing a manipulator capable of duplicating presentation. Subjects performed a tracking task in the central human performance. A manipulator with the ability to emulate visual field. At the same time, in the peripheral vision (26 to 69 human performance is one prerequisite for achieving Air Force degrees visual angle), dots were moving toward the subjects, thus Robotic Telepresence program objectives. A new form of adaptive forming an information display. Thresholds for detecting changes model-based control is proposed and experimentally evaluated. in direction of dot movement in the peripheral display were An Adaptive Model-Based Neural Network Controller (AMBNNC) measured. The results indicated that changes in direction of motion uses multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks to estimate are detectable using only the peripheral vision and that threshold the payload during high speed manipulator motion. The payload is highly dependent upon display parameters. These results suggest estimate adapts the feedforward compensator to unmodeled that, with appropriate display parameters, the peripheral vision is system dynamics and payload variations. The neural nets are a possible location for a display of altitude change information in trained through repetitive training on trajectory tracking error data. aircraft. Dissert. Abstr. The AMBNNC is experimentally evaluated on the third link of a PUMA-560 manipulator. Tracking performance is evaluated for a N90-18146# Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, wide range of payload and trajectory conditions and compared to OH. School of Systems and Logistics. a non-adaptive model-based controller. The superior tracking A COMPARISON OF MICROCOMPUTER TRAINING METHODS accuracy of the AMBNNC demonstrates the potential of the AND SOURCES M.S. Thesis proposed technique. GRA DAVID M. KONDAS Sep. 1989 113 p (AD-A216349; AFIT/GCA/LSQ/89S-7) Avail: NTlS HC AO6/MF A01 CSCL 0519 N90-17613# Cranfield Inst. of Tech., Bedford (England). Applied The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methods and Psychology Unit. sources of microcomputer training currently used in the Air Force PASSENGER BEHAVIOUR IN AIRCRAFT EMERGENCIES in terms of their overall value to the job, training effectiveness, INVOLVING SMOKE AND FIRE and level of competency achieved upon training completion. The CLAIRE HARRISON and HELEN MUlR In AGARD, Aircraft Fire three methods studied were classroom instruction, video-based Safety 14 p Oct. 1989 training, and computer-based training (CBT). The three sources Copyright Avail: NTlS HC A18/MF A03; Non-NATO Nationals studied were in-house training functions, government-contracted requests availab!e only from AGARD/Scientific Publications training, and private (e.g., colleges and universities). One hundred Executive and fifty-one government employees rated each method and source A review of the accident literature has indicated that in aircraft of PC training they had experienced. Classroom training was found emergencies involving smoke and fire both environmental and to be the most often used and the most popular method of PC behavioral factors will influence passenger survival rates. These training, regardless of source. The preference of delivery method factors include the number of operational exits, the presence of was classroom, CBT, then video-based training, regardless of toxic fumes, the extent to which anxiety, disorientation, feelings of source. GRA depersonalization, , and behavioral inaction occur among the passengers. Furthermore, in situations in which life is placed under severe threat, in addition to the experience of fear, people will compete with each other in order to survive. As a consequence 54 the orderly process of evacuation for which passengers are briefed, frequently breaks down and the behavior of passengers appears MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE to be confused and disorderly. In an experimental program, a SUPPORT series of evacuation exercises were performed, in which incentive payments were made in order to introduce the element of competition which is known to lead to a disorderly evacuation in Includes human engineering; biotechnology; and space suits and some aircraft accidents. Using this technique six configurations at protective clothing. the vestibule prior the type 1 exits, and seven seating configurations adjacent to the overwing exit were investigated. Author A90-23098# CONCEPT DESIGN OF THE SPECIAL PURPOSE DEXTEROUS MANIPULATOR FOR THE SPACE STATION MOBILE N90-17615# Lufthansa German Airlines, Frankfurt (Germany, SERVICING SYSTEM F.R.). Emergency Training. H. BORDUAS, D. GOSSAIN, A. KONG, E. QUITTNER, and D. FLIGHT CREW TRAINING FOR FIRE FIGHTING SHAFFER (Spar Aerospace, Ltd., Mississauga, Canada) Canadian ERNST-ALBRECHT LIMLEY ln AGARD, Aircraft Fire Safety 6 p Aeronautics and Space Journal (ISSN 0008-2821), vol. 35, Dec. Oct. 1989 1989, p. 197-204. Copyright Avail: NTlS HC A18/MF A03; Non-NATO Nationals The Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM), Canada’s requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications contribution to the International Space Station, is discussed, Executive emphasizing its mechanical aspects. The principal SPDM A description is contained of Lufthansa emergency training requirement pertaining to functions, design driving subtasks, reach, aspects for flight-and cabin crews in respect to fire fighting. It force/moment application, handling capabilities, and control modes addresses topics as preventive measures, on board fire fighting are examined. The control design for the overall configuration, equipment, measures in case of an on board fire, training for base, central body, arms, mounting structure, tool change actual fire fighting, and future developments. Author out-mechanisms, tools, and thermal protection system is described.

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Special features pertaining to the joint drives, commonality items, Telerobot Control System Architecture defines the basic multiple functions, maintainability, and fault tolerance are architecture for a robot control system capable of teleoperation addressed. C.D. and autonomous operation. The goal is to make it the standard for all robotic systems. The control system architecture is a A90-23911*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. three-legged hierarchy of computing models, serviced by a Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. communications system and a global memory. Details are provided NASA’s FIRST DEXTEROUS SPACE ROBOT for the three legs of the system. The control architecture allows HARRY G. MCCAIN (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, human operators, at any location, to supervise the telerobot arid Greenbelt, MD) Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X), vol. 28, assume control at any level of the hierarchy. NASREM is being Feb. 1990, p. 12-15. implemented in support of the Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS) Copyright project. It provides a framework for controlling the telerobot’s NASA is ‘,developing the Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS), a manipulators, cameras, end effectors, and tools. Some details of robotic device that can be teleoperated under constant command the proposed FTS test flight program are also provided. R.E.P. of a human operator or run by itself under human supervision. Plans call for the FTS to assist the astronauts in the assembly, A90-23915’# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. maintenance, servicing, and inspection of Space Station Freedom. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. The FTS project is driven by five major objectives: to reduce EVOLUTION AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY Space Station dependence on crew EVA, improve crew safety, STANFORD OLLENDORF (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, enhance crew utilization, promote remote servicing capabilities for Greenbelt, MD), JACK E. PENNINGTON (NASA, Langley Research platforms, and accelerate technology transfer from research to Center, Hampton, VA), and BERT HANSEN, 111 (JPL, Pasadena, U.S. industry. Another part of the FTS project is a ground system CA) Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X), vol. 28, Feb. 1990, that will support operations and system evolution. Not only will p. 23, 24, 30. the FTS provide a needed operational capability during the Copyright assembly and operation of Space Station Freedom, it will also The NASREM architecture with its standard interfaces permit!; provide an expanding foundation for proving more advanced robotic development and evolution of the Flight Telerobotic Servicer to and telepresence concepts in space. R.E.P. greater autonomy. Technologies in control strategies for an arm with seven DOF, including a safety system containing skin sensors A90-23912# for obstacle avoidance, are being developed. Planning and robotic DESIGN OVERVIEW execution software includes symbolic task planning, world model JAMES W. LOWRIE (Martin Marietta Corp., Astronautics Group, data bases, and path planning algorithms. Research over the last i Denver, CO) Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X), vol. 28, five years has led to the development of laser scanning and ranging Feb. 1999, p. 15, 16, 18, 20. systems, which use coherent semiconductor laser diodes for short Copyright range sensing. The possibility of using a robot to autonomously A design overview of the Flight Telerobotic System (FTS) is assemble space structures is being investigated. A control presented. The FTS has two manipulators, each with seven degrees framework compatible with NASREM is being developed that allows I of freedom (DOF). It also has one five-DOF attachment stabilization direct global control of the manipulator. Researchers are developing and positioning system. The manipulators are teleoperator- systems that permit an operator to quickly reconfigure the telerobot I controlled in seven DOF. Safety software associated with to do new tasks safely. R.E.P. avoiding collisions is separated onto a redundant controller and two data processors, providing two-fault tolerance. Simulators A90-24022‘# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. will provide a real-time graphic display of simulated telerobot Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA. operations. The telerobot promises to be a useful, reliable, and MANUALCONTROLOFTHELANGLEYLABORATORY safe tool to assist the astronauts in performing assembly, TELEROBOTIC MANIPULATOR maintenance, servicing, and inspection tasks on Space Station WALTER W. HANKINS, Ill and RANDOLPH W. MIXON (NASA, Freedom and the Space Shuttle. R.E.P. Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA) IEEE, International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Cambridge, MA, A90-23913‘# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Nov. 14-17, 1989, Paper. 7 p. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. Langley’s new Laboratory Teleoperator Manipulator (LTM) FTS OPERATIONS provides manual control of seven-degree-of-freedom, replica, JAMES F. ANDARY, SANFORD W. HINKAL, and DENNIS HEWITT force-reflecting, master/slave manipulator arms in two arms simultaneously. This paper describes the LTM, its installation, and I (NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD) Aerospace I America (ISSN 0740-722X), vol. 28, Feb. 1990, p. 20, 21. plans for a comparable evaluation study of various control input Copyright devices to the system. The comparison includes control using the i The first planned use of the Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS) system’s master arms, six-degree-of-freedom hand controllers, in the Space Station Freedom program is for the initial assembly minimasters, and a force-reflecting hand controller. C.D. I of the station. Before the station is permanently manned, the FTS 1 will operate out of the Shuttle bay. After initial assembly is complete, A90-24801# the 60-ft-long arm of the Canadian Mobile Servicing Center (MSC) A SYSTEM FOR RECYCLING ORGANIC MATERIALS IN A will transport the FTS to the worksites. The FTS has three operating I MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT modes: dependent, transporter attached, and independent. Further JUDITH FIELDER and NICKOLAUS E. LEGGETT IN: Space I details are given for each of these modes. In analyzing assembly manufacturing 7 - Space resources to improve life on earth; i operations, potential tasks were examined for their similarity to Proceedings of the Ninth Princeton/AIAA/SSI Conference, the six baseline FTS tasks. Operations will also include ground Princeton, NJ, May 10-13, 1989. Washington, DC, American support for the servicer. Future tasks are being analyzed and Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989, p. 219-222. refs verified by hardware performance in the lab. R.E.P. Copyright This paper presents an aerobic composting system for A90-23914# microgravity operation. The composting system processes human NASAINBS REFERENCE MODEL and plant wastes into a material that is a suitable growth medium JAMES S. ALBUS and RONALD LUMIA (NIST, Robot Systems for plants. A combination of forced and suction aeration control Div., Gaithersburg, MD) Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X), the flow of oxygen through the mass of composting material, the vol. 28, Feb. 1990, p. 21-23. moisture content, and temperature of the material. The cornposting Copyright process consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide that is The NASAINBS Standard Reference Model (NASREM) provided to the plant growing chambers. The composting will also

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generate heat that must be removed from the composting area. of its different sections, the characteristics of its air, and the way The fully composted material is transferred from the composting that it produces nutritional biomass. The effects on the ‘crew’ of chamber to a plant growth chamber where it is used as a growth staying within the complex for varying periods of time are pointed medium for plants in a configuration that ensures the optimum out. C.D. aeration and water/nutrient supply for plant growth. Author A90-25564 A90-24802’# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE PROBLEMS IN DESIGNING AIR John C. Stennis Space Center, Bay Saint Louis, MS. TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS BIOREGENERATIVE SPACE AND TERRESTRIAL HABITAT V. DAVID HOPKIN (RAF, Institute of Aviation Medicine, B. C. WOLVERTON, REBECCA C. MCCALEB (NASA, John C. Farnborough, England) IEEE, Proceedings (ISSN 0018-9219), Stennis Space Center, Bay Saint Louis, MS), and WILLARD L. vol. 77, Nov. 1989, p. 1634-1642. refs DOUGLAS (Sverdrup Technology, Inc., Bay Saint Louis, MS) IN: Copyright Space manufacturing 7 - Space resources to improve life on earth; The author notes that workspace design requirements for air Proceedings of the Ninth Princeton/AIAA/SSI Conference, traffic control man-machine interfaces (MMls) are generally Princeton, NJ, May 10-13, 1989. Washington, DC, American orthodox, although the MMI must remain efficient throughout gross Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989, p. 223-229. refs changes in staffing levels. Decisions during the MMI design largely Copyright determine how it can be used and what the controller must know For 15 years, NASA has been involved in bioregerative about it. It is emphasized that human factor consequences should component development for air, water, and waste treatment. The be considered when traffic-handling capacity is increased by cutting results of this work have been integrated in the completion of a the time spent by the controller on each aircraft. It is concluded novel facility called BioHome which incorporates all of the that MMI designs must be flexible enough to benefit from developed bioregenerative components for air, water, and nutrient technological advances, yet continue to satisfy human needs. recovery into a single habitat. The evaluation and refinement of I.E. BioHome’s integrated component efficiencies will provide a test-bed for future systems to be used in long-term space travel. C.D. A90-26020 ADVANTAGES OF A LOW-OXYGEN ENVIRONMENT IN SPACE A90-24803’# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. CABINS John F. Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL. E. SHVARTZ (Rockwell International Corp., Space Transportation CONTROLLED ECOLOGICAL LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM Systems Div., Downey, CA) Aviation, Space, and Environmental BREADBOARD PROJECT - 1988 Medicine (ISSN 0095-6562), vol. 61, March 1990, p. 272-276. W. M. KNOTT (NASA, Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL) refs IN: Space manufacturing 7 - Space resources to improve life on Copyright earth; Proceedings of the Ninth Princeton/AIAA/SSI Conference, The advantages of having a low-oxygen environment in space Princeton, NJ, May 10-13, 1989. Washington, DC, American cabins are discussed. The major advantage is a sharply reduced Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989, p. 230-234. fire hazard, which is a major threat in manned space flights. At 1 Copyright atm, for example, 15 percent 02 (9000 ft altitude equivalent) would The Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) not support most fires and could accommodate the crew with Breadboard Project, NASA’s effort to develop the technology respect to hypoxia, decompression sickness (DCS), and other required to produce a functioning bioregenerative system, is requirements. Chronic exposure to such a hypoxic environment discussed. The different phases of the project and its current (altitude acclimatization) could imporve major areas of crew health status are described. The relationship between the project and safety, including alleviating deconditioning effects, decreasing components are shown, and major project activities for fiscal years susceptibility to DCS, and improving tolerance to severe hypoxia. 1989-1993 are listed. The biomass production chamber to be used Author by the project is described. C.D. A90-26127# A90-24804# CLOTHING MICROCLIMATE OF ANTI-EXPOSURE SUIT FOR HUMAN IN CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM AIRCREW LINDA LEIGH (Space Biospheres Ventures, Oracle, AZ) IN: Space WATARU OGAWA, KEN SIMIZU, HIROKAZU OZAKI, and manufacturing 7 - Space resources to improve life on earth; TSUTOMU KAGITA Japan Air Self Defense Force, Aeromedical Proceedings of the Ninth Princeton/AIAA/SSI Conference, Laboratory, Reports (ISSN 0023-2858), vol. 29, Dec. 1988, p. Princeton, NJ, May 10-13, 1989. Washington, DC, American 143-155. In Japanese, with abstract in English. refs Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989, p. 235, 236. The clothing microclimate of the JASDF standard and modified Copyright antiexposure suits is determined. Measurements of rectal The Biosphere II program to develop a closed ecological system temperature, skin temperature, percutaneous perspiration, and V02 modeling the earth is described. Research leading to the plans were made for three subjects in a chamber with air temperature for the Biosphere project and. the development of a test model to of 20 C and 30 C for 90 min. The results show that the standard study the systems included in the project are reviewed. Experiments suits have a more advantageous microclimate than the modified in which a human inhabited the closed ecological system are suits. R.B. revewed and the test module is illustrated. R.B. A90-26183# A90-24805# TRAINING PILOTS FOR THE AUTOMATED COCKPIT METHODS OF CREATING BIOLOGICAL LIFE SUPPORT ROBERT L. ARNOLD (United Airlines, Denver, CO) IN: SYSTEMS FOR MAN IN SPACE International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, IOSIF GITEL’SON (AN SSSR, lnstitut Biofiziki, Krasnoyarsk, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, USSR) IN: Space manufacturing 7 - Space resources to improve Ohio State University, 1989, p. 87-90. life on earth; Proceedings of the Ninth Princeton/AIAA/SSI Automatic flight systems, considered standard equipment on Conference, Princeton, NJ, May 10-13, 1989. Washington, DC, almost all new and future air transport aircraft, are designed to American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989, p. reduce crew workload, provide information to crews that previously 237-239. was unavailable, promote standardization of cockpit configurations, Copyright and enhance economical operation. The considerable capabilities The task of creating and operating an experimental ecosystem of modern automatic flight systems present unique challenges to for man in space is discussed based on Soviet experimental results. pilots who must learn to use such systems, and unique challenges An experimental biocomplex is described, including the functions to instructional systems designed to teach these pilots their safe

148 54 MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT and economical use. An approach to automatic flight training is 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. presented along with considerations for design and related training Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 197-202. research. It is concluded that automatic flight training is (Contract PHS-AA-06093) quantitatively different from traditional aircraft training. It is noted Considering the difficulty, cost, and safety issues involved in that as new cockpit displays and automatic flight systems evolve, presenting pilots with actual flight equipment problems where new training techniques will have to be developed to prepare alcohol effects would most likely be found, there are obvious crews to effectively operate them. R.E.P. advantages to using flight simulators. How flight evaluation should be structured to permit accurate examination of the effects of A90-26188# alcohol on flight performance as well as actual pilot performance THE MANUFACTURER’S ROLE IN TRAINING PROGRAM is detailed. Major sources of variability are indicated in both DEVELOPMENT individual differences found in pilot performance and the general J. KENNETH HlGGlNS and ROLF J. BRAUNE (Boeing Commercial manner in which alcohol affects performance in complicated tasks Airplanes, Seattle, WA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation such as piloting. R.E.P. Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. A90-26201# 118-121. INTERACTIVE, REAL-TIME FORMATION FLIGHT CONCEPT The 747-400 is used as an example of how operational inputs, TRAINER including training experiences, feed into a new design. The following EDDY R. BILLMAN (USAF, Armstrong Aerospace Medical operational inputs to new designs are reviewed: (1) flight deck Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH) IN: International designlcrew operations, (2) the role of the project pilot, and (3) Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, product reliability and maintainability/product safety. During the 1989, proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, preliminary design phase, a flight deck project team considers all 1989, p. 209-214. refs the inputs, prioritizes them, and trades the most important ones Results are reported from a preliminary pilot study investigating against cost and schedule constraints. At this point, pilot the utility of a computer-based concept trainer in teaching the representatives from the FAA and the airlines are brought into geometry associated with the formation turning rejoin flight the evaluation process to ensure the acceptability of the design maneuver. During training, subjects viewed the lead aircraft from to the line pilots and certification pilots. It is also during this phase an out-the-front-window perspective. Also present on the display that the training program design is finalized. The underlying were the instantaneous predicted flight paths of both aircraft. The philosophy for the development of the training program stresses predicted paths moved dynamically with changes in control inputs, the pilot’s ’need to know’. This philosophy approach focuses on always showing the paths the aircraft would take if current control the knowledge required to operate the aircraft safely and efficiently. inputs were maintained. A control group trained without the benefit Once it is handed over to the airlines, it may be modified to fit of the predictor paths, and two experimental groups flew with the individual airline requirements. When the aircraft enters operational paths presented either constantly or adaptively. All groups tested service, the feedback loop is closed through the accumulation of transfer on the control condition display. The small number of day-to-day information on the effectiveness of the training program subjects in the study and high variability in performance did not and design. R.E.P. allow conclusions from the data, but several lessons were learned about display format and task demands. Author A90-26191# DISPLAY PRINCIPLES, CONTROL DYNAMICS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN PILOT PERFORMANCE AND A90-26202‘# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. TRANSFER OF TRAINING Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. GAVAN LINTERN, JONATHAN E. SlVlER (Illinois, University, AN EVALUATIVE MODEL OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IN Savoy), and STANLEY N. ROSCOE (ILLIANA Aviation Sciences, MANNED TELEOPERATIONAL SYSTEMS Las Cruces, NM) IN: International Symposium on Aviation RICHARD F. HAINES (NASA, Ames Research Center; Research Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Moffett Field, CA) IN: Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, 134-148. refs OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbuh, OH, (Contract NO0014-87-K-0435) Ohio State University, 1989, p. 215-220. refs Test results are presented for ab initio subjects in a fractional Manned teleoperational systems are used in aerospace factorial, quasi-transfer experiment to examine the effects of four operations in which humans must interact with machines remotely. display factors, one control response factor, and one environmental Manual guidance of remotely piloted vehicles, controling a wind factor on acquisition and transfer of aircraft landing skills. Transfer tunnel, carrying out a scientific procedure remotely are examples was measured from each of the experimental training conditions of teleoperations. A four input parameter throughput (Tp) model is to a criterion condition with a conventional inside-out pictorial presented which can be used to evaluate complex, manned, contact display, normal simulator control dynamics, and a five teleoperations-based systems and make critical comparisons knot crosswind. Learning curves for initial training showed large among candidate control systems. The first two parameters of performance differences favoring reduced bank control order and this model deal with nominal (A) and off-nominal (B) predicted pictorial displays with augmented visual guidance and flight-path events while the last two focus on measured events of two types, prediction. Transfer was better following training with pictorial human performance (C) and system performance (D). Digital versus symbolic displays, normal rather than reduced bank control simulations showed that the expression A(l -B)/C+ D) produced order, no wind versus five knots of crosswind and with augmented the greatest homogeneity of variance and distribution symmetry. flight-path predictions. The individual transfer effects of augmented Results from a recently completed manned life science telescience pictorial versus symbolic guidance and prediction could not be experiment will be used to further validate the model. Complex, conclusively evaluated by this experiment, but, overall, training interacting teleoperational systems may be systematically evaluated with augmented pictorial displays proved superior to training in using this expression much like a computer benchmark is used. the criterion transfer condition from the outset. R.E.P. Author

A90-26199# A90-26205# USE OF FLIGHT SIMULATORS TO INVESTIGATE THE PATHWAY-IN-THE-SKY EVALUATION EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS ON PILOT JOHN REISING, KRISTEN BARTHELEMY (USAF, Flight Dynamics PERFORMANCE. I Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH), and DAVID HARTSOCK LEONARD E. ROSS and JAMES C. MUNDT (Wisconsin, University, (Midwest Systems Research, Dayton, OH) IN: International Madison) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20,

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1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, p. 233-238. 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, The pathway-in-the-sky concept provides a computer-generated 1989, p. 251-256. refs path or roadway which depicts to the pilot the proper route to fly This report documents the use of low intensity, electrolu- to and from the target area. The idea behind the pathway is that minescent strip lights on fighter, cargo, and bomber aircraft the pilot will be able to preview the path ahead and, therefore, for flying close air support, refuel, and strategic bombing missions. anticipate changes in altitude and/or heading. The purpose of The human factor issues included: (1) optimum sizes, shapes, this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the pathway format and locations of lights for immediate and constant interpretation versus a HUD format when flying a preprogrammed route and to of attitude of lead aircraft; (2) cuing both a bearing and distance compare a three-dimensional stereo version of the pathway to a relationship between two aircraft; (3) the effects of turbulence, two-dimensional version. Results show that the main reason for eye fatigue, and weather problems; and (4) deriving an efficient, the path's advantage over the HUD was that the pilot could view least costly approach for designing a light pattern for a new aircraft the path in the distance and anticipate the turns, climbs, and and mission application. The lighting has been added to A-10, dives. In the HUD display, the inverted 'T' depicted only the route (2-130, and 8-52 aircraft for special night, low-level operations. location at a given time, thus the pilot could not anticipate what Author would happen next. R.E.P. A90-26209# A90-26206# PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN FOR COMPLEX DISPLAYS - A SYMBOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR TACTICAL SITUATION COMPARATIVE EVALUATION DISPLAYS SHAROLYN A. CONVERSE (North Carolina State University, JOHN K. SCHMIDT, TERESA A. BRANSCOME, and MARY E. Raleigh) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, DOMINESSY (U.S. Army, Human Engineering Laboratory, Aberdeen 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Proving Ground, MD) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 257-262. refs Psychology, 5th. Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. The flexibility of display design allows for new techniques to Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. reduce mental workload in the cockpit and as a result, mental 239-244. refs workload should be decreased. However, the success of integrated The present study was conducted to examine pictorial, abstract, displays has been mixed. It is noted that while integrated displays and arbitrary shape code as well as variedldouble border, have improved performance in some cases, several reports indicate regularlreverse screen, and augmentation code effects on tactical no performance gain when integrated displays were substituted symbol perception and discrimination. Perceptibility, symbol for nonintegrated displays. This study was conducted to evaluate detection, recognition, and identification latency, were analyzed the main and interactive effects of grouping principle, task type, with nested one-factor ANOVAs. No statistical difference was found and information format on the speed and accuracy of performance for detection and recognition, although there was one for in a system state monitoring task. Results indicate that complex identification. Discriminability, recognition, identification, and paired task performance is moderated by the interactive effects of comparison errors were analyzed with confusion matrices and chi grouping principle, information format, and task type. One square tests. Confusions took distinct patterns, and perception implication of this finding is that deriving design principles from and discrimination error distributions were not proportional to those data obtained in univariate studies should be examined closely. It expected by chance. The results indicate definite implications for appears that multivariate studies are likely to generate more realistic establishing standardized guidelines for tactical symbology. and more reliable information. R.E.P. R.E.P. A90-26211# A90-26207'# Illinois Univ., Savoy. EVALUATION OF SIMULATION TECHNIQUES OF SYNTHETIC FRAME OF REFERENCE FOR ELECTRONIC MAPS - THE APERTURE RADAR IMAGES FOR INCLUSION IN WEAPON RELEVANCE OF SPATIAL COGNITION, MENTAL ROTATION, SYSTEMS TRAINERS AND COMPONENTIAL TASK ANALYSIS DEMARIS A. WIDMAN, DAVID C. HUBBARD (Dayton, University, CHRISTOPHER D. WICKENS, ANTHONY ARETZ (Illinois, OH), and PETER M. CRANE (USAF, Human Resources Laboratory, University, Savoy), and KELLY HARWOOD (Computer Technology Williams AFB, AZ) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Associates, Inc., McLean, VA) IN: International Symposium on Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, 269-275. p. 245-250. refs The Human Resources Laboratory/Operations Training Division (Contract NAG2-308) (HRL/OT) located at Williams AFB, AZ, has developed the Three experiments are reported that examine the difference capability to simulate synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in its Advanced between north-up and track-up maps for airborne navigation. The Visual Technology System (AVTS) of Ferguson et al. (1989). The results of the first two experiments, conducted in a basic laboratory current study was an evaluation of the shadow effects added setting, identified the cost associated with mental rotation, when during the final post-processing stage of simulated AVTS-generated a north-up map is used. However, the data suggest that these SAR images. The quality of the shadows was manipulated directly costs are neither large nor consistent. The third experiment with a variable low-pass filter and indirectly by changing other examined a range of tasks in a higher fidelity helicopter flight post-processor effects which affect the overall quality of the image simulation, and associated the costs of north-up maps with a (e.g., blur, noise, and receiver gain). Ratings from twenty cognitive component related to orientation, and the costs of SAR-experienced B1 -B offensive systems operators revealed that track-up maps with a cognitive component related to inconsistent the optimal fidelity of the simulated shadows depends on image landmark location. Different tasks are associated with different location and the level of contrast present in the image. Author dependence on these components. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for map design, and for cognitive models A90-26212'# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. of navigational processes. Author Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. COMPARISON OF THERMAL (FLIR) AND TELEVISION A90-26208# IMAGES ELECTROLUMINESCENT LIGHTS FOR FORMATION FLIGHTS MICHAEL S. BRICKNER (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett JOHN C. SIMONS (Systems Research Laboratories, Inc., Dayton, Field, CA) and LOWELL E. STAVELAND (San Jose State University OH) and JEFFERY L. CRAIG (USAF, Armstrong Aerospace Medical Foundation, CA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH) IN: International Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings.

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Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. A90-26215# 276-281. refs TIME-DEPENDENT SAMPLING AND TOUGH-INPUT The human eye is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in ACCURACY - WHY THE ’FIRST TOUCH’ IS DIFFERENT FROM the 0.4 to 0.7 micron band (light). Thermal imaging (TI) systems THE ’FIRST KISS’ are sensitive to heat radiation in the infrared band (3-5 or 8-14 DENNIS B. BERINGER (New Mexico State University, Las microns) and are capable of transforming the distribution of relative Cruces) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, temperatures in a scene into a visible TV image. The present 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, proceedings. Volume 1. experiment was designed to investigate the impact of the difference Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 296-301. Research between TIS and regular TV images on the detection and supported by McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Co. refs identification of natural and man-made targets. Parallel TV and TI Present aircraft applications of touch-panel technology have videotapes were recorded during helicopter flights. Fifteen subjects raised questions concerning input sampling strategies (first versus who viewed both the TV and the TI images (separately), were last point of*contact) as influenced by technology type and the asked to detect predefined targets and to identify features pointed effect of flight gloves on system performance. This investigation out to them by the experimenter. In general, performance with examined these questions and found that first point of contact TVs was superior to performance with TIS in terms of response was generally more accurate than last point of contact, with error times and errors. However, subjects required significantly less time minimums occurring between these points. High-resolution infrared to detect man-made objects with TIS than with TVs. The correlation and higher-resolution resistive panels exhibited comparable task between the performance of the same task with the two kinds of performance and the use of flight gloves produced performance images was very low. The results are discussed in terms of image comparable to and in some cases better than bare hands. quality and in terms of humans’ internal representations of natural Strategies for seeking minimum error are discussed. Author categories. Author A90-262 16# TOUCH-ACCESSED DEVICE ACCURACY IN THE COCKPIT - USING HIGH-RESOLUTION TOUCH INPUT A90-26213# MARY JAMES-BOWMAN and DENNIS B. BERINGER (New Mexico IS VERTIGUARD THE ANSWER? State University, Las Cruces) IN: International Symposium on JACOB NET2 and YOSSl SHUB (Israel Aircraft Industries, Ltd., Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Lod) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. p. 302-306. refs Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 282-287. In the present study the effects of screen angle relative to line The VERTIGUARD is a new device developed to solve Type of sight and positioning of targets were examined with a 11 spatial disorientation for installation in the Lavi fighter and high-resolution resistive touch input device thought to have minimal achieved through the FBW system. Type II (recognized) is described parallax. Results replicated earlier findings in that a 17-degree as that in which the pilot is aware of the vertigo but is not able to declination of the touch surface below orthogonal to line of sight control the aircraft due to the very strong distraction, as opposed induced a high-touch bias error of 9 pixels whereas orthogonality to Type I (unrecognized) in which the pilot is not aware of being of the interface to line of sight virtually eliminated bias. Both disoriented. It consists of a special software package operated by software and behavioral compensation strategies are discussed. a button located in the cockpit and is an integral part of the Author aircraft digital flight control system. Human engineering factors and flight parameters have been applied, favoring the pilot approach A90-26217# rather than the system approach to the design. The VERTIGUARD button is located so that pressing it forces the pilot to release the PILOT ASSESSMENT OF THE AH-64 HELMET MOUNTED stick. The autopilot then takes control and maneuvers the aircraft DISPLAY SYSTEM to straight and level flight. The pilot is able to regain control at STEVEN HALE and DIN0 PlCClONE (Essex Corp., Alexandria, any time by operating the stick. It is pointed out that operational VA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, experience will be needed to determine the total effectiveness of Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, proceedings. Volume 1. the system and where modifications may be required. R.E.P. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 307-312. refs (Contract DAAAl5-88-C-0005) While intensive research has been conducted regarding the operational problems associated with the use of HUDs, much less A90-26214# work has been performed to assess the operational effectiveness READABILITY IMPROVEMENTS OF EMERGENCY of the helmet-mounted display (HMD). The current research was conducted to evaluate the performance of the HMD system used PATRICIA ANTERSIJN and HANS DE REE (KLM-Royal Dutch by AH-64A Apache aviators. A survey was conducted consisting Airlines, Schiphol, Netherlands) IN: International Symposium on of 37 items which addressed various human factor engineering Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, aspects of the helmet display unit (HDU) and related systems. Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, The items are categorized into four basic topic areas: (1) size p. 288-295. refs and distance perception, (2) FLlR image quality, (3) effects of Emergency checklists used by KLM show various differences, monocular viewing, and (4) spatial disorientation. The results of dependent on aircraft type. It was decided to evaluate the current the survey and pilot interviews are summarized in detail for each checklists and to establish new guidelines for the rewriting of of the four topic areas, noting that all AH-64 aviators strongly feel emergency checklists. Test prints drawn from the literature on that if HDU FLlR image resolution could be enhanced and the perception and information processing were evaluated by pilots of field of view increased, the system would be much more different aircraft types. An experiment was carried out to measure effective. R.E.P. the readability of various letter types. The combined results were analyzedJeading to the following recommendations: (1) for letters A9O-262 18 and numerals the font Helvetica should be used; (2) for standard PILOT EVALUATION OF SELECTED COLORS AND SCALES text a Corps 10 medium face letter should be used, while for text USING A DIGITIZED MAP DISPLAY parts that need to be conspicuous bold face should be used; (3) J. S. ECKEL, P. C. MOLLENHAUER, and M. J. PATTERSON text should be printed with black ink on white paper; (4) for the (General Dynamics Corp., Fort Worth, TX) IN: International index the aircraft subsystems should be used in an alphabetical Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, order; and (5) procedures for the index should be functionally 1989, proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, grouped and large tab numbers must be printed for a group of 1989, p. 313-318. procedures printed on one tab number. R.E.P. Copyright

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The GEC Avionics Digitized Color Map was evaluated as an A90-26221 information source in a digital map system (DMS). The effects of ARE TWO SOURCES OF COCKPIT INFORMATION BETTER scale selection (500K and lM), a magnification or zoom of 2X, THAN ONE? and three color schemes were analyzed. Tests conducted on S. J. SELCON and R. M. TAYLOR (RAF, Institute of Aviation military aviators were studied and it was found that color allocation Medicine, Farnborough, England) IN: International Symposium of features on present aeronautical maps can be improved through on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, the application of digitized or digital CRT presentations; stan- Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, dardization of color tints for terrain elevations across map p. 332-337. refs scales would be helpful for reducing pilot errors and workload. It Copyright was also determined that excessive display clutter must be The paper presents an account of the nature and levels of addressed throughout the digital map's development process; the processing involved when information from one source is integrated I integration of the extensive amount of information presented to with a supposedly redundant secondary source to provide a the pilot will require some form of declutter selection, default performance gain in choice RT (reaction time) tasks. Three process, or automation. R.E.P. experiments are described which investigate this gain effect: (1) feedback to a direct voice input (DVI) system using bimodal (visuaVverbal) presentation of simple printed digitslspoken numbers to establish the presence of cross-modal integrality; (2) I A90-26219# INSTRUMENT SCANNING AND SUBJECTIVE WORKLOAD using colors, words, and combinations of both with shared semantic WITH THE PERIPHERAL VISION HORIZON DISPLAY associations to attempt to show whether or not redundancy gain DONALD HAMELUCK and PAUL STAGER (York University, occurs at the 'level of comprehension'; and (3) using warning Toronto, Canada) IN: International Symposium on Aviation 'icons' (pictorial representations of danger situations) and verbal Psychology, 5th. Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, proceedings. warning messages. Results of the three experiments demonstrate Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 319-325. that information, both within and between modalities, can be Sponsorship: Department of Supply and Services. refs processed integrally to produce performance benefits. The (Contract DSS-W7711-7-7004-01-SE) combination of an attentional model approach with an underlying The Peripheral Vision Horizon Display (PVHD) is an expanded processing model (including an integrality component) should mean artificial horizon line produced by sweeping a red laser beam across that greater accuracy and flexibility will be available to the human the instrument panel in front of the pilot. It is intended to provide engineer in a priori considerations of information requirements and the pilot with visual orientation information through peripheral vision input/output modality demands. R.E.P. so that this information is continually conveyed to the pilot, no matter where the pilot is looking. This study examines whether A90-26223'# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. pilots' instrument scanning behavior, especially their reliance on Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. the attitude indicator, was reliably altered when the PVHD was in PILOT RESPONSE TO AVOIDANCE REGIONS DEPICTED ON operation during standard instrument approaches. Subjective ALTERNATE TCAS II RESOLUTION ADVISORY DISPLAYS assessments of workload during the approaches was also ROBERT J. TUTTELL, KAREN L. MCNALLY, and SHERYL L. examined to determine whether general pilot mental workload was CHAPPELL (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA) reduced during flight with the PVHD. Military pilots participated in IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, all flight phases of the research projects. Detailed data, diagrams, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, proceedings. Volume 1. and evaluations are presented. It is concluded that although Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 344-348. possible decrease in visual workload and increased experience The objective of this study was to examine pilot reactions to with the PVHD might result in better pilot acceptance of the display, three versions of the resolution advisory (RA) display of the TCAS the fact remains that other problems exist, most notably the II. Two modifications to the current system were designed to test possibility of display-control reversals. R.E.P. the hypothesis that a different lighting pattern might be more effective than the 'red-only' version currently in use. Grouped into three sets, 28 RA displays of the same color pattern ('red-only', A90-26220# 'red-and-green', and 'green-only') were presented to 36 volunteer MULTISENSOR INTEGRATION - A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY pilots on an IRIS terminal. The results indicated that the SUSAN F. SAVAGE (U.S. Navy, Naval Weapons Center, China red-and-green display caused the least errors and hastened a Lake, CA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, quicker response than did the red-only display. Further, a subjective 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. evaluation revealed that the pilots preferred the red-and-green Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 326-331. display over the other two options. The red-only display caused The paper investigates target identification performance when the most errors, including seven unnecessary maneuvers. Pilots information from two independent sources is available and also responded slowest to this display and it was the least evaluates two methodologies for comparing single-display and preferred. Author dual-display target identification accuracy. Simulated FLlR imagery I was developed as an additional source of targeting information. The psychophysical analysis method was compared to a repeated A90-26224*# Ohio State Univ., Columbus. measures ANOVA using the difference between dual and single ENROUTE FLIGHT-PATH PLANNING - COOPERATIVE display accuracy as the dependent measure. Four subjects were PERFORMANCE OF FLIGHT CREWS AND shown simulated range only radar (ROR) and simulated FLlR KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS images of six US. and Soviet ships for this experiment. The subjects PHILIP J. SMITH, ELAINE MCCOY, CHUCK LAYTON, and DEB were shown undistorted versions of the ROR profile and the FLlR GALDES (Ohio State University, Columbus) IN: International image of the target, but were not shown images of the distractors Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, (distortion levels), nor were they told how many distractors were 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, used. It is concluded that the ANOVA method is easier to 1989, p. 349-353. refs implement, allows the complete crossing of distortion levels, gives (Contract NCA2-288) a more comprehensive analysis of the dual display performance, Interface design issues associated with the introduction of and is sensitive to performance enhancement even if the single knowledge-based systems into the cockpit are discussed. Such display performance is high. The psychophysical method suffers issues include not only questions about display and control design, from theoretical and statistical complexity, unknown effects of they also include deeper system design issues such as questions nonmonotonic data, and the inability to correctly classify about the alternative roles and responsibilities of the flight crew performance under certain conditions. Therefore the ANOVA and the computer system. In addition, the feasibility of using enroute method is preferred. R.E.P. flight path planning as a context for exploring such research

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questions is considered. In particular, the development of a presented. The methodology used is a step beyond the typical prototyping shell that allows rapid design and study of alternative human factors analysis in system design, because it is based interfaces and system designs is discussed. Author upon a technology free approach which considers the human operator requirements before technology insertion begins, and it A90-26226# does so at the basic concept phase of system development. This PILOT TRAINING - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE VS. PILOT methodology was applied to an existing CMS to demonstrate the INTELLIGENCE methodology. These steps are proposed as precedent to MICHAEL C. MORAN (Lockheed Aeronautical Systems Co., technology insertion and fundamental to a systems design and Marietta, GA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, development program which centers upon the operator’s 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20. 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. requirements to accomplish a given mission. R.E.P. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 360-365. refs This study centers upon the question of whether artificial A90-26255# intelligence is sustaining, or perhaps replacing pilot intelligence. It DIFFERENCES IN COCKPIT COMMUNICATION is suggested that a pilot’s continuing dependence upon an artificial LEON D. SEGAL (Illinois, University, Urbana) IN: International intelligence system, within the larger context of the operational Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, in-flight environment, implies a scope of risk that has yet to be 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, fully appreciated. It is perceived that a pilot develops a system 1989, p. 576-581. refs knowledge level based upon his ability to formulate an accurate The purpose of this theoretical paper is to identify and call mental model of the system under operation. Exercising the mental attention to effects of cockpit spatial layout on crew communication model under in-flight (or simulated) conditions to include and subsequent task performance. The paper discusses the general combinations of component failures and complete system failure role of nonverbal communication in crew tasks, how workspace assures maximum skill level, retention, and (hopefully) knowledge spatial layout affects behavior, how semantics can emerge froim possession. Possession of this knowledge should allow for behavior within a specified context, and how actions can serve as maintenance of an expert pilot. Expert system design should include a context for the interpretation of verbal communication. Examples the recognition that artificial intelligence applications. will not are initially taken from general crew task scenarios, and later focus presently supplant a pilot’s situational awareness requirement on specific aircraft cockpit interactions. It is suggested that human based upon his own intelligence. R.E.P. factors include the effects of cockpit spatial layout on crew communication in their research effort, aiming to apply the results A90-26236’# Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. to cockpit designs and crew training programs. Author A COMPARISON OF COMMUNICATION MODES FOR DELIVERY OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCE A90-26260’# Army Aviation Systems Command, Moffett Field, AMENDMENTS IN TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRCRAFT CA. D. CHANDRA, S. R. BUSSOLARI, and R. J. HANSMAN (MIT, COBRA COMMUNICATIONS SWITCH INTEGRATION Cambridge, MA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation PROGRAM Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. ROBERT J. SHIVELY, LORAN A. HAWORTH, ZOLTAN Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. SZOBOSZLAY (U.S. Army, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, Moffett 433-438. refs Field, CA), and F. GERALD MURRAY (Sterling Software; NASA, (Contract NAG2-12) Ames Research Center; Sterling Software, Moffett Field, CA) IN: A user centered evaluation is performed on the use of flight International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, deck automation for display and control of aircraft horizontal flight OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, path. A survey was distributed to pilots with a wide range of Ohio State University, 1989, p. 605-610. refs experience with the use of flight management computers in The paper describes a design modification to reduce the visual transport category aircraft to determine the acceptability and use and manual workload associated with the radio selection and patterns as reflected by the need for information displayed on the communications tasks in the U.S. Army AH-1 Cobra helicopter. electronic horizontal situation indicator. A summary of survey results The modification involves the integration of the radio selection and planned part-task simulation to compare three communication and microphone actuating tasks into a single operation coptrolled modes (verbal, alphanumeric, graphic) are presented. Author by the transmit-intercom switch. Ground-based and flight tests were conducted to evaluate the modified configuration during twelve A90-26242# flight tasks. The results show that the proposed configuration A METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING INFORMATION performs twice as fast as the original configuration. R.B. MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FROM A CREW ORIENTED MISSION SCENARIO A90-26276*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration. DENNIS L. PRICE (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. University, Blacksburg). DOUGLAS B. BEAUDET (Computer APPARENT LIMITATIONS OF HEAD-UP-DISPLAYS AND Technology Associates, Lanham, MD), GILBERT G. KUPERMAN, THERMAL IMAGING SYSTEMS and DENISE L. WILSON (USAF, Armstrong Aerospace Medical MICHAEL S. BRICKNER (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH) IN: International Field, CA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2 1989, Proceedings. Volume 1. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 703-707. refs 1989, p. 495-500. A simulated helicopter flight through a slalom course was (Contract F33615-85-D-0514) presented on a Graphics IRIS 3130. The display represented1 The Crew Member Mission Scenario (CMS) used in this the major visual characteristics of thermal images. Subjects were research describes crew activities during a realistic mission without asked to maintain a designated altitude, while flying a slalom course defining or limiting itself to specific technologies or crew between regularly spaced pylons. The presence of some of the configurations. In order to identify mission requirements, crew high frequency details in the image improved subjects’ ability to information demands, information management requirements and reach and maintain the correct altitude. A head-up-display helped human factors issues in this scenario, it was necessary to develop in maintaining altitude, but impaired maneuvering around the poles. a disciplined scenario review technique. There were five basic The results are interpreted in terms of the competition for visual steps used in this technique: (1) review scenario, (2) identify mission resources between the HUD and the world view. Author requirements, (3) identify informal demands, (4) identify information management requirements, and (5) identify human factors design A90-26278# and behavioral issues. In conclusion, a five step methodology, EFFECT OF EMERGENT DETAIL ON DESCENT-RATE based upon the availability and use of a CMS document, was ESTIMATIONS IN FLIGHT SIMULATORS

153 ~

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KIMBERLY A. REARDON (Systems Research Laboratories, Inc., presented, demonstrating that combining human-performance Dayton, OH) and RIK WARREN (USAF, Armstrong Aerospace information with well-known system-safety methods can drastically Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH) IN: decrease the probability of mishaps. I.S. International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, A90-26303# Ohio State University, 1989, p. 714-719. refs DEFINING MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS FOR In an effort to conserve computer resources and imitate the AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL STATIC INFORMATION DISPLAYS resolving power of the human eye, high fidelity simulators use a HOWARD S. BASHINSKI, DAVID C. DUNKLE, and DAVID R. hierarchy of detail. The resulting displays consist of detail that LENOROVITZ (CTA, Inc., Englewood, CO) IN: International emerges onto the display as altitude is lost, and fades from the Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, display as altitude is gained. The purpose of this experiment was 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, to determine the effect of emergent detail on descent-rate 1989, p. 878-883. estimations. Results are consistent with previous findings that the This paper discusses static information sources used in the emergence of detail neither hinders nor helps performance. Advanced Automation System for air traffic control and explores Furtermore, there was no difference between displays that emerged ways of displaying and accessing this information. Forty-six possible in contrast, contrast and density, or contrast, density, and sources of static information, presented in tabular form, were structure. Author analyzed for their valuability and rated as either 'critically important', 'valuable', 'marginally valuable', or 'delete' (and retained only in A90-26283# current hardcopy form). The analysis included visits to several AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF ATC facilities for observing what static-information products were VIRTUAL COLLIMATED DISPLAYS ON VISUAL being utilized, where they were stored, and how they were being PERFORMANCE accessed. 1,s. JOHN A. WISE (Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL) and GARY W. SHERWIN (Westinghouse Research A90-26850

and Development Center, Pittsburgh, PA) ' IN: International MEASUREMENT OF MAXIMUM ARREST FORCE IN Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, PERFORMANCE TESTS OF FALL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, ANDREW C. SULOWSKY (Ontario-Hydro, Research Div., Toronto, 1989, p. 743-748. refs Canada) and JAMES W. BRINKLEY (USAF, Armstrong Aerospace Recently questions have been raised about the accepted Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH) Journal wisdom that collimated virtual displays assist pilots to focus their of Testing and Evaluation (ISSN 0090-3973), vol. 18, March 1990, eyes at infinity in environments that tend to induce the eye to p. 123-127. refs resting accommodation. This study evaluated whether the presence Copyright of collimated virtual imagery had an effect on a visual discrim- Frequency response characteristics for electronic measurement ination task presented at optical infinity. The study used a systems and mechanical test fixtures used in tests of fall protection performance-based metric and a within subject experimental equipment are proposed. The recommendations are based upon design. The study collected over 11,000 observations, and the the analysis of the dynamic properties of the human body as results indicated that collimated virtual displays did not effect measured in impact and vibration tests with volunteer subjects. binocular visual discrimination performance of targets with good The critical frequencies that are associated with human injury were contrast. Author found to be in the range of 0 to 16 Hz. A corner frequency of 100 Hz is recommended for the measurement system, and a A90-26296# minimum resonant frequency of 200 Hz is recommended for the W/INDEX - A CREW WORKLOAD PREDICTION TOOL mechanical test fixture. Author VICTOR A. RILEY (Honeywell Systems and Research Center, Minneapolis, MN) IN: International Symposium on Aviation A90-27402' Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Psychology, 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Pasadena. Volume 2. Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. HUMAN LIFE SUPPORT DURING INTERPLANETARY TRAVEL 832-837. AND DOMICILE. I - SYSTEM APPROACH This paper describes the Workload Index (WANDEX), a software P. K. SESHAN, JOSEPH FERRALL, and NARESH ROHATGI (JPL, tool for predicting the operator work load produced by specific Pasadena, CA) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental crew-station designs over the course of representative mission Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 9 p. scenarios. The W/INDEX allows system designers to consider the (SAE PAPER 891431) Copyright work-load consequences of decisions involving the physical layout The importance of mission-driven system definition and of the crew station, the application of automation to specific crew assessment for extraterrestrial human life support is examined. tasks, and the use of various human-machine interface technologies The tricotyledon theory for system engineering is applied to the and crew-task loading sequences. Result of a cognitive work study physiochemical life support system of the Pathfinder project. The are presented. IS. rationale and methodology for adopting the systems approach is discussed. The assessment of the system during technology A90-26297# development is considered. I.F.

HUMAN..-~~~~~ PERFORMANCE/SYSTEMS~ ~ SAFETY ISSUES IN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND PREVENTION A90-27411 ALAN E. DIEHL (USAF, Inspection and Safety Center, Norton THERMAL MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTALCONTROL AFB, CA) IN: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, OF HYPERSONIC VEHICLES 5th, Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20, 1989, Proceedings. Volume 2. SRIDHAR K. IYA, ARUN K. TRIKHA, and MICHAEL M. LADD Columbus, OH, Ohio State University, 1989, p. 838-847. refs (Boeing Advanced Systems, Seattle, WA) SAE, lntersociety This paper examines the human-performance/systems safety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July issues in aircraft accident investigation. Attention is given to the 24-26, 1989. 11 p. hazard/incident/accident relationship in the accident-generation (SAE PAPER 891440) Copyright event, the elements of the investigation process, and the types of Hypervelocity endo/exoatmospheric vehicles experience prevention measures which can be employed to ultimately decrease extremely severe thermal conditions, requiring an integrated the probability of similar mishaps. Special consideration is given vehicle-wide approach to thermal management. The paper presents to the interface between human factors (which are associated a discussion of key thermal management and environmental control with 50 to 90 percent of all accidents), and safety concepts. issues with examples from two classes of vehicles, namely a Mach Examples of successful accident-prevention programs are 6 interceptor aircraft and a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle. The

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elements of a general thermal management optimization DAVID F. PUTNAM, CLIFFORD D. JOLLY, GERALD V. COLOMBO methodology are discussed. Trade study results between a (UMPQUA Research Co., Myrtle Creek, OR), and DON PRICE single-phase and a two-phase cooling loop used on the (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX) SAE, Intersociety single-stage-to-orbit vehicle are also presented. Author Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 12 p.

A90-274W Umpqua Research Co., Myrtle Creek, Ore. ' (Contract NAS9-17523) APPLICATION OF BIOCATALYSTS TO SPACE STATION (SAE PAPER 891445) Copyright ECLSS AND PMMS WATER RECLAMATION A multifiltration hygiene water reclamation process that utilizes CLIFFORD D. JOLLY (UMPQUA Research Co., Myrtle Creek, OR) and particulate filtration techniques is described and and ROBERT M. BAGDlGlAN (NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, evaluated. The applicability of the process is tested using a Huntsville, AL) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental simulation of a 4-man subsystem operation for 240 days. It is Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 7 p. refs proposed the process has a 10 year life, weighs 236 kg, and (Contract NAS8-37642) uses 88 kg of expendable filters and adsorption beds to process (SAE PAPER 891442) Copyright 8424 kg of water. The data reveal that the multifiltration is an Immobilized enzyme reactors have been developed and tested efficient nonphase change technique for hygiene water recovery for potential water reclamation applications in the Space Station and that the chemical and microbiological purity of the product Freedom Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) water is within the standards specified for the Space Station hygiene and Process Materials Management System (PMMS). The reactors water. I.F. convert low molecular weight organic contaminants found in ECLSS and PMMS wastewaters to compounds that are more efficiently A90-27417' Bend Research, Inc., OR. removed by existing technologies. Demonstration of the technology A NOVEL MEMBRANE-BASED WATER-RECLAMATION was successfully achieved with two model reactors. A packed POSTTREATMENT UNIT bed reactor containing immobilized urease was found to catalyze JANE KUCERA GLENGER, RODERICK J. RAY, SCOTT B. the complete decomposition of urea to by-products that were MCCRAY (Bend Research, Inc., OR), and DAVID PUTNAM subsequently removed using conventional ion exchange results. A (UMPQUA Research Co., Myrtle Creek, OR) SAE, Intersociety second reactor containing immobilized alcohol oxidase showed Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July promising results relative to its ability to convert methanol and 24-26, 1989. 13 p. refs ethanol to the corresponding aldehydes for subsequent removal. (Contract NAS9-17611) Preliminary assessments of the application of biocatalysts to ECLSS (SAE PAPER 891446) Copyright and PMMS water reclamation sytems are presented. Author This paper describes the development of an advanced membrane/sorption-bed hybrid subsystem to posttreat humidity A90-27414' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. condensate and phase-change distillate generated during space Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. missions. Discussed are the design and construction of a TEST RESULTS ON REUSE OF RECLAIMED SHOWER WATER breadboard hybrid subsystem, and data showing the performance - A SUMMARY of this subsystem operating for more than 90 days. The purpose CHARLES E. VEROSTKO, RAFAEL GARCIA, RICHARD SAUER of this program was to reduce the number of sorption beds required (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX), RICHARD P. REYSA by this subsystem by using membranes to concentrate the (Boeing Aerospace and Electronics, Houston, TX), ARTHUR T. contaminants. Tests show that the breadboard hybrid subsystem LINTON (Hamilton Standard Management Services, Inc., Houston, presented here uses 50 percent fewer sorption beds than a TX) et al. SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental stand-alone multifiltration process. Author Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 17 p. (SAE PAPER 891443) Copyright A90-27418 Results are presented from tests to evaluate a microgravity LEAK DETECTION FOR SPACE STATION FREEDOM FLUID whole body shower and waste water recovery system design for LINES possible use on the Space Station. Several water recovery methods ROBERT H. HERTEL and RICHARD A. HEPPNER (Perkin-Elmer were tested, including phase change distillation, a thermoelectric Corp., Applied Science Div., Pomona, CA) SAE, lntersociety hollow fiber membrane evaporation subsystem, and a reverse Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July osmosis dynamic membrane system. Consideration is given to 24-26, 1989. 8 p. the test hardware, the types of soaps evaluated, the human (SA€ PAPER 891448) Copyright response to showering with reclaimed water, chemical treatment This paper describes a preliminary design concept developed for microbial control, the procedures for providing hygienic water, for an ionization gauge to detect leaks in external fluid-carrying and the quality of water produced by the systems. All three of the lines of Space Station Freedom. Special attention is given to the waste water recovery systems tested successfully produced leak detection requirements of the gauge, the leak detection reclaimed water for reuse. R.B. instrumentation, and the leak-detector operating modes. The pressure sensor proposed for leak sensing is a modified A90-27415 Bayard-Alpert ionization gauge. The design modifications introduced WATER RECOVERY BY VAPOR COMPRESSION involve the filament, the gauge size, and gauge sensitivity. The DISTILLATION redesigned gauge requires less than 5 W of power, weighs less ROBERT N. SCHMIDT (Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH) SAE, than 4 Ib, and was shown to meet the performance requirements. lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San IS. Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 12 p. refs (SAE PAPER 891444) Copyright AM-274 19 The use of vapor compression distillation (VCD) as the water SPACE STATION FREEDOM CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL recovery procedure for the Space Station is examined. This method ASSEMBLY is proposed for the Ultrapure Water System of the Space Station. ROBERT KAY and LORI WOODWARD (Allied-Signal Aerospace The VCD procedure is described. The applicability of the VCD is Go., Torrance, CA) SAE, lntersociety Conference on evaluated and compared with a thermoelectrically integrated Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, membrane evaporation subsystem. The data reveal that the VCD 1989. 8 p. provides better quality product water, higher water recovery rates, (SAE PAPER 891449) Copyright higher capacity, and is cost effective. I.F. Carbon dioxide removal from the Space Station Freedom atmosphere is an essential part of the overall life support and A90-27416' Umpqua Research Co., Myrtle Creek, Ore. oxygen reclamation process. The system must selectively remove RECOVERY OF HYGIENE WATER BY MULTlFlLTRATlON carbon dioxide from an air supply stream, then concentrate it for

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downstream processing in a carbon dioxide reduction system where column densities, which are compared with current Freedom oxygen is eventually recovered. Space Station Freedom will utilize program requirements. The results are combined with discussions a four-bed system for the carbon dioxide removal about the relative merits of some proposed and alternate concepts assembly. This system uses the principle of adsorption to for providing vacuum resources. Author selectively remove and concentrate carbon dioxide. The technology required for the four-bed system is well established and was proven A90-27427 in space flight during the Skylab program. This paper describes SPACE STATION FREEDOM ACTIVE INTERNAL THERMAL the four-bed molecular sieve carbon dioxide removal system, its CONTROL SYSTEM - A DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW operation, and its key components. Author R. A. HElSlNG and J. E. HORNER (Allied-Signal Aerospace Co., AiResearch Los Angeles Div., CA) SAE, lntersociety Conference A90-27420 on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF A MEMBRANE GAS 14 p. SEPARATION UNIT FOR SPACE STATION FREEDOM (SAE PAPER 891458) Copyright ATMOSPHERE REVITALIZATION SUBSYSTEM The active internal thermal control system (ITCS) for Space RONALD J. KUSE (Boeing Aerospace and Electronics, Huntsville, Station Freedom will consist of multiple closed-cycle heat transport AL) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, water loops that acquire, transport, and reject heat to the exterior 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 19 p. refs central thermal bus. Heat loads to be cooled by the ITCS include (SAE PAPER 891450) Copyright the environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS), A study was initiated to investigate the potential of integrating avionics racks, and user experiments (located in the laboratory a membrane gas separation unit into the Space Station Atmosphere module). The ITCS is an advanced single-phase pumped water Revitalization Subsystem to remove inert impurities in the carbon loop that incorporates on-orbit repair features and enhanced dioxide stream fed to the Bosch reduction reactor. Removal of components, such as high-efficiency, long-life centrifugal pumps the inerts eliminates the need for a reactor bleed stream and and digital valves that allow step-wise precision control of valve subsequent treatment. Preliminary calculations indicate that under position for modulating the water flow rate. Commonality is normal operating conditions, inclusion of the membrane unit emphasized throughout the ITCS, and was a design driver during reduces Atmosphere Revitalization power consumption and heat the selection of the ITCS components. Cold plate and heat rejection by 388 and 300 watts, respectively, and causes only exchanger designs are standardized to accommodate a variety of small weight and space penalties to be incurred. According to users. This paper describes the overall system, the subsystems, current cost factors, an annual net savings of $0.76 million (in and the components within the ITCS from an operational 1989 dollars) excluding separator hardware costs is realized. viewpoint. Author Although based on preliminary data and estimates, there appears to be reasons for cautious optimism in the proposed design A90-27420 modification and continuation of the study to obtain more detailed AVIONICS AIR COOLING FOR SPACE STATION FREEDOM data. Author ROSS CUSHMAN (United Technologies Corp., Hamilton Standard Div., Windsor Locks, CT) and HARLAN BURKE (Boeing Aerospace A90-27421 and Electronics, Huntsville, AL) SAE, lntersociety Conference ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION MONITOR ASSEMBLY FOR on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. SPACE STATION FREEDOM ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL 11 p. AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM (SAE PAPER 891459) Copyright MARY A. ROTHERAM (Perkin-Elmer Corp., Applied Science Div., The paper provides a comparison of two possible approaches Pomona, CA) SAE, Intersociety Conference on Environmental to avionics air cooling for Space Station modules, using Systems, 19th. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 9 p. requirements and ground rules established during Space Station (SAE PAPER 891451) Copyright definition studies. The first approach is the 'centralized' approach, The Atmospheric Composition Monitor Assembly (ACMA) is an which uses a large central fan and heat exchanger which maintains instrument for monitoring the composition of the atmosphere in a supply of cooled air to module racks, via a network of Space Station Freedom. The ACMA is composed of the following interconnected ducting and flow isolation valves. The second major instruments: Major Constituent Analyzer (MCA); Carbon approach is the 'distributed'approach, which uses individual Monoxide Monitor (COM); Trace Contaminant Monitor (TCM); and fanlheat exchanger packages for each rack. Detailed tests and Particle Counter Monitor (PCM). the MCA is a mass spectrometer analyses are presented for both concepts. Both are indicated to based system that provides continuous monitoring of major have unique attributes and limitations while imposing different atmospheric constituents (02, C02, N2, H20) and of hydrogen burdens on the vehicle systems. It is concluded that both and ethane. The COM is a nondispersive infrared instrument for approaches can be designed to satisfy Space Station avionics the continuous monitoring of trace levels of carbon monoxide. heat removal requirements. R.E.P. The TCM is a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for monitoring trace levels of contaminants. The PCM monitors the concentration A90-27429 of particulates in the 0.5 to 100 micron range using a light scattering A PRELIMINARY HEAT FLOW ANALYSIS OF THE U.S. technique. Author LABORATORY AND HABITATION MODULES W. D. BEVERLY, R. E. DANDRIDGE, and R. D. PRODEN (Boeing A90-27423' Aerospace and Electronics, Huntsville, AL) SAE, lntersociety VACUUM RESOURCE PROVISION FOR SPACE STATION Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July FREEDOM 24-26, 1989. 12 p. KENNETH J. LASKEY, THEODORE G. MORDFIN, and THOMAS (SAE PAPER 891460) Copyright W. RUSS (Grumman Corp., Reston, VA) SAE, Intersociety The results of a preliminary evaluation of the heat loads for Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July the Space Station Freedom U.S. Laboratory and Habitation modules 24-26, 1989. 17 p. refs are presented. The data for this analysis was based on a (Contract NASW-4300) rack-by-rack assessment of preliminary module configurations. Data (SAE PAPER 891453) Copyright gathered included cooling requirements, temperature range, duty The use of vacuum resources is integral to a number of cycle and cooling split between liquid and air coolants for proposed concepts for gas disposal from Space Staton Freedom. representative subsystem and experiment heat loads. A Monte These include both direct overboard venting and onboard collection Carlo analysis of the heat load data was performed. The analysis and storage of waste gases. A methodology is presented for results allowed initial sizing of the module cabin air, avionics air, determining flowrates through proposed vacuum lines. The and liquid cooling systems. The analysis allowed assessment of flowrates through overboard vents are used to calculate number the effects of additional experiment automation as well as the

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effects of decreased avionics air cooling capacity. Although the integrated CELSS operations involving humans, plants, and process heat load data and module configuration are preliminary in nature machinery. This paper describes Version 1.O of the CELSS Emulator and will undergo significant revision as the Space Station Freedom that was initiated in 1988 on the JSC Multi Purpose Applications design progresses, the results of this analysis provide a first look Console Test Bed as the simulation framework. The run module at the module energy flow. Author of the simulation system now contains a CELSS model called BLSS. The CELSS Emulator makes it possible to generate model A90-27440' Grumman Aerospace Corp., Bethpage, NY. data sets, store libraries of results for further analysis, and also A HUMAN FACTORS EVALUATION OF EXTRAVEHICULAR display plots of model variables as a function of time. The progress ACTIVITY GLOVES of the project is presented with sample test runs and simulation JOHN M. O'HARA, MICHAEL BRIGANTI (Grumman Space display pages. Author Systems, Bethpage, NY), JOHN CLELAND, and DAN WINFIELD (Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC) SAE, A90-27446 lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th. San PERFORMANCE SIMULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 14 p. CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH INTERFACE ORIENTED (Contract NAS9-17702) MODELLING TECHNIQUE (SAE PAPER 891472) Copyright MARKUS ROTHMEYER and RALF SIMON (Dornier GmbH, One of the major problems faced in Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Friedrichshafen, Federal Republic of Germany) SAE, lntersociety glove development has been the absence of concise and reliable Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July methods to measure the effects of EVA gloves on human-hand 24-26, 1989. 14 p. refs capabilities. NASA has sponsored a program to develop a (SAE PAPER 891478) Copyright standardized set of tests designed to assess EVA-gloved hand The use of an interface oriented modeling technique for the capabilities in six performance domains: Range of Motion, Strength, assembly, subsystem, and system simulation of the Enviromental Tactile Perception, Dexterity, Fatigue, and Comfort. Based upon Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) is examined. The modular an assessment of general human-hand functioning and EVA task nature of the basic concept and the use of several numerical requirements, several tests within each performance domain were solution techniques are discussed. As an example, the simulation developed to provide a comprehensive evaluation. All tests were of a simplified ECLS subsystem, the related input data, and the designed to be conducted in a glove box with the bare hand, an computed results are presented. Areas of further developments EVA glove without pressure, an EVA glove at operation pressure. aimed at the creation of a knowledge based simulation tool are Thus, the differential effect on performance of the glove with and outlined. V.L. without pressure was tested. Bare hand performance was used to 'calibrate' the effects. Ten subjects participated in the test setup as a repeated-measures experimental design. The paper will report A90-27447 the results of the test program. Author ON THE REPRESENTATION OF LIFE-SUPPORT SYSTEM MODELS A90-27444 HElNZ A. PREISIG, TAE YEONG LEE, FRANK LITTLE, and BRUCE OUTFITTING OF THE CREW HEALTH CARE SYSTEM FOR WRIGHT (Texas A & M University, College Station) SAE, THE SPACE STATION FREEDOM lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San JOHN J. NAGEL, RICHARD A. SMITH, MICHAEL F. STOLLE, Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 15 p. refs and JOHN B. TROWBRIDGE (McDonnell Douglas Space Systems (SAE PAPER 891479) Copyright Co., Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental A canonical decomposition of models describing physical- Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 15 p. chemical-biological systems is described which is based (SAE PAPER 891476) Copyright on Newtonian physics and axiomatic thermodynamics. The resulting Crew medical care will be one of the most essential provisions hierarchical representation of complex models prepares for an of the Space Station of the 1990s. Increased duration in space, object oriented modeling support tool which will readily interface reduced crew selectivity, and reduced return to earth capability all to knowledge-based tools. It also approaches the documentation speak strongly for a complete set of medical instrumentation and problem for large systems and has the structure that allows multiple supplies, countermeasures for space adaptation syndrome, and user interfaces to be implemented each of which is specifik for a the capability to closely monitor the total environment in which certain group of researchers in the interdisciplinary team. Author the crew live and work. Foreseeing these needs, NASA has committed to the development of a Crew Health Care Element A90-27448' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. for Space Station Freedom. It consists of three systems: Health Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. Maintenance Facility, Exercise Countermeasures Facility, and DAWN (DESIGN ASSISTANT WORKSTATION) FOR Environmental Health System. For the majority of the equipment ADVANCED PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS to outfit these systems, space flight ready instruments do not MARY R. RUDOKAS, ELIZABETH R. CANTWELL (NASA, Ames exist. Therefore, commercial off the shelf items will have to be Research Center, Moffett Field, CA), PETER I. ROBINSON, and converted to flight certification levels and some will even have to TIMOTHY W. SHENK (RECOM Software, Inc., Moffett Field, CA) be modified to accommodate the microgravity conditions of Space SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th. Station Freedom. Still other capabilities will have to be developed San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 12 p. refs from the ground up. The development of the CHeC element will (SAE PAPER 891481) Copyright provide many challenges to the project engineers and scientists. This paper reports the results of a project supported by the Author National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (NASA-OAST) under the A90-27445' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Advanced Life Support Development Program. It is an initial attempt Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. to integrate artificial intelligence techniques (via expert systems) DEVELOPMENT OF THE CELSS EMULATOR AT NASA JSC with conventional quantitative modeling tools for advanced HATICE S. CULLINGFORD (NASA, Johnson Space Center, physical-chemical life support systems. The addition of artificial Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental intelligence techniques will assist the designer in the def- Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 9 p. inition and simulation of looselylwell-defined life support (Contract NAS9-17900) processes/problems as well as assist in the capture of design (SAE PAPER 891477) Copyright knowledge, both quantitative and qualitative. Expert system and The Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) conventional modeling tools are integrated to provide a design Emulator is under development at the NASA Johnson Space Center workstation that assists the engineerlscientist in creating, (JSC) with the purpose to investigate computer simulations of evaluating, documenting and optimizing physical-chemical life

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support systems for short-term and extended duration missions. incorporating commonality which would drive a decision to alter Author the Baseline. The options were also compared with respect to estimated program costs. The maximum projected savings were A90-27449 less than five per cent, likely within the uncertainty of the estimation THE IMPACT OF THE WATER RECOVERY AND process. The overall conclusion reached was that the Baseline, MANAGEMENT (WRM) SUBSYSTEM WASTEWATER of independent unit design and subsystem architectures, should RECOVERY EFFICIENCY UPON THE SPACE STATION be retained. Author FREEDOM ECLSS WATER BALANCE JAMES ROCKTOFF (Grumman Corp., Space Station Program A90-27452' Texas A&M Univ., College Station. Support Div., Reston, VA) SAE, lntersociety Conference on COMPARISON OF WASTE COMBUSTION AND WASTE Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. ELECTROLYSIS - A SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 23 p. refs MARK T. HOLTZAPPLE and FRANK E. LITTLE (Texas A & M (SAE PAPER 891482) Copyright University, College Station) SAE, lntersociety Conference on A parametric study of the impact of the ECLSS water recovery Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. subsystem wastewater processing efficiency upon the overall 36 p. refs Space Station Freedom water balance was performed. A (Contract NAG9-253) representative range of recovery efficiencies was used for each (SAE PAPER 891485) Copyright of the three different water recovery processes. The recovery A steady state model of a closed environmental system has efficiency associated with the hygiene wastewater reclamation been developed which includes higher plant growth for food process proved to be particularly significant in determining the production, and is designed to allow wastes to be combusted or overall Space Station Freedom ECLSS water balance because of electrolyzed. The stoichiometric equations have been developed the relatively large volume of fluid treated within this loop. The to evaluate various trash compositions, food items (both stored analysis also indicated that a positive ECLSS water balance and produced), metabolic rates, and crew sizes. The advantages depended upon the ability to double process the concentrated of waste electrolysis versus combustion are: (1) oxygen is not brine discharged from the reverse osmosis waste-hygiene-water required (which reduces the load on the oxygen producing system); processor. Implications of the WRM subsystem sensitivity analysis (2) the C02 and H2 products are produced in pure form (reducing results for the Space Station Freedom ECLSS as well as the the load on the separators); and (3) nitrogen is converted to nitrate effects upon the propulsion and fluid management systems are (which is directly usable by plants). Weight tradeoff studies discussed. R.E.P. performed using this model have shown that waste electrolysis reduces the life support weight of a 4-person crew by 1000 to A90-27450' McDonnell-Douglas Space Systems Co., Huntsville, 2000 kg. R.E.P. AL. MICROGRAVITY SENSITIVITIES FOR SPACE STATION ECLS A90-27467* National Aeronautics and Space Administration. SUBSYSTEMS Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. M. E. BANGHAM, T. W. CARROLL (McDonnell Douglas Space SYSTEM LEVEL DESIGN ANALYSES FOR THE SPACE Systems Co., Huntsville, AL), and W. R. HUMPHRIES (NASA, STATION ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND LIFE SUPPORT Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL) SAE, lntersociety SYSTEM Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego. CA, July A. S. BACSKAY and J. C. KNOX (NASA, Marshall Space Flight 24-26, 1989. 9 p. Center, Huntsville, AL) SAE, lntersociety Conference on (SAE PAPER 891483) Copyright Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. This report presents a review of the Space Station 19 p. refs Environmental Control and Life Support subsystems (ECLSS) for (SAE PAPER 891500) Copyright sensitivity to low gravity environments. The object of this review The development and verification of a computer model for the is to categorize sensitivity areas and to quantify the risks. This design and analysis of the current Space Station ECLSS review addresses all processes from a top level view and then configuration are discussed. The model is used to resolve examines in more detail those areas which were considered system-level design issues, such as sizing accumulators and potential risks. The study has concentrated on the primary function assessing flow control techniques. Actual component verification of the subsystems which may be significant to the performance efforts are outlined, and technical aspects of each component of the particular component and does not address integration of model are identified. The results obtained to date and plans for the subsystem and/or the mechanical aspects of the designs. future analytical efforts are summarized. V.L. The areas of primary concern were the Atmosphere Revitalization (AR), Water Recovery and Management (WRM), and the Waste A90-27469' McDonnell-Douglas Space Systems Co., Houston, Management (WM) subsystems. Author TX. MASS ANALYSIS FOR THE SPACE STATION ECLSS USING A90-27451 THE BALANCE SPREADSHEET METHOD FEASIBILITY OF A COMMON ELECTROLYZER FOR SPACE WEN-HO CHU (McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Co., Houston, STATION FREEDOM TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, DONALD H. SARGENT (Grumman Corp., Space Station Program 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 14 p. Research supported Support Div., Reston, VA) and GEORGE R. SCHMIDT (Booz-Allen by NASA. refs and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD) SAE, lntersociety Conference (SAE PAPER 891502) Copyright on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. The balance spreadsheet method is applied to mass analysis 8 p. refs of the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS). (SAE PAPER 891484) Copyright The spreadsheet layout reduces the complexity of the ECLSS The Baseline Space Station Freedom architecture calls for analysis by concisely defining the sources, sinks, and net changes separate and independent water electrolysis subsystems in ECLSS in mass for each fluid. The analysis method is illustrated by using and in Propulsion. A study to assess the potential benefits and information from the latest Space Station ECLSS Architectural impacts of electrolyzer commonality evaluated fifteen sets of Control Documents and a given Space Station assembly sequence, ECLSS and Propulsion architectural options with graduated levels The analysis results are plotted and discussed. Author of commonality, first by quantifying the electrical power, weight, volume, and heat rejection requirements; and then qualitatively A90-27470 according to safety and redundancy, reliability and maintainability, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATION TO ADVANCED integration and verification, and assembly. There were no ECLS SYSTEMS compelling quantitative or qualitative advantages of the options BENJAMIN E. BISHOP, JR. and ALBERT M. BOEHM (United

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Technologies Corp., Hamilton Standard Div., Windsor Locks, CT) thermal energy losses. The reliability of individual cell performance SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, in the bundle configuration is assessed. V.L. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 11 p. refs (SAE PAPER 891503) Copyright A90-27474' Bend Research, Inc., OR. The role of advanced automation and artificial intelligence in INVESTIGATION OF HUMIDITY CONTROL VIA MEMBRANE facilitating ECLSS control and diagnostics is reviewed with SEPARATION FOR ADVANCED EXTRAVEHICULAR MOBILITY' reference to the preliminary design of the Space Station. In UNIT (EMU) APPLICATION particular, the possible role of advanced computer capabilities in D. D. NEWBOLD, R. J. RAY, W. A. PLEDGER, S. B. MCCRAY advanced missions, such as the growth station and moon and (Bend Research, Inc., OR), and M. F. BROWN (NASA, Johnson Mars exploration, is examined. The benefits of artificial intelligence Space Center, Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on are discussed from both the expert system and learned system Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. perspectives. V.L. 10 p. refs (Contract NAS9-17983) A90-27471 (SAE PAPER 891507) Copyright APPLICATION OF BIOREGENERATIVE SUBSYSTEMS TO AN This paper describes the development of a membrane-based ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM process for dehumidifying the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU). FOR A MANNED MARS SPRINT MISSION The membrane process promises to be smaller, , and mort? S. R. GUSTAVINO and M. M. MANKAMYER (McDonnell Douglas energy efficient than the other technologies for dehumidification. Space Systems Co., Space Station Div., Houston, TX) SAE, The dehydration membranes were tested for 90 days at conditions lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San expected to be present in the EMU. The results of these tests Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 13 p. refs indicate that membrane-based technology can effectively control (SAE PAPER 891504) Copyright humidity in the EMU. Author This paper describes the application of bioregenerative subsystems to an environmental control and life support system A90-27475' Photo Catalytics, Inc., Boulder, CO. (ECLSS) for long-duration manned Mars missions. Special attention PHOTOCATALYTIC POST-TREATMENT IN WASTE WATER is given to the integration of new bioregenerative subsystems into RECLAMATION SYSTEMS a computer model of an ECLSS for such a mission. The model is GERALD COOPER, MATTHEW A. RATCLIFF (Photo-Catalytics, being developed using both the existing physicochemical computer Inc., Boulder, CO), and CHARLES E. VEROSTKO (NASA, Johnson simulations and new bioregenerative component simulations, along Space Center, Houston, TX) SAE. lntersociety Conference on with a plant growth unit (PGU) which simulates the growth cycle Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. for white potatoes. The ECLSS configuration and the PGU structure 12 p. refs are discussed, and diagrams of both are presented. IS. (Contract NAS9-17983) (SAE PAPER 891508) Copyright A90-27472' Boeing Aerospace Co., Seattle, WA. A photocatalytic water purification process is described which LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM DEFINITION STUDY FOR LONG effectively oxidizes organic impurities common to reclaimed waste DURATION PLANETARY MISSIONS waters and humidity condensates to carbon dioxide at am. T. SLAVIN, P. MEYER (Boeing Aerospace and Electronics, Seattle, bient temperatures. With this process, total organic carbon WA), and R. REYSA (Boeing Aerospace and Electronics, Houston, concentrations below 500 ppb are readily achieved. The TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, temperature dependence of the process is well described by the 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 14 p. and an barrier of 3.5 (Contract NAS9-18040) Kcal/mole. The posttreatment approach for waste water (SAE PAPER 891 505) Copyright reclamation described here shows potential for integration with The development of a mission planners life support systems closed-loop life support systems. V.L. (LSS) guidebook for providing data on the impact of various LSS on mission parameters such as mass, power, and volume is A90-27476* Texas A&M Univ., College Station. discussed. The factors utilized to define LSS case study mission PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF WATER ' drivers, and driver and mission impact parameter definitions are RECOVERY AND WATER QUALITY FROM described. An example of a guidebook table for a specific set of CHEMICAL/ORGANIC WASTE PRODUCTS LSS drivers is provided. Four approaches for physicaVchemical W. M. MOSES, T. D. ROGERS, H. CHOWDHURY (Texas A & M closed-loop LSS are examined. A preliminary LSS guidebook for University, College Station), and H. S. CULLINGFORD (NASA, a lunar base is presented. I.F. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July A90-27473' Westinghouse Research and Development Center, 24-26, 1989. 10 p. refs Pittsburgh, PA. (Contract NAG9-251; NAG9-253) CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER VAPOR HIGH (SAE PAPER 891509) Copyright TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS The water reclamation subsystems currently being evaluated ARNOLD 0. ISENBERG (Westinghouse Research and for the Space Shuttle Freedom are briefly reviewed with emphasis Development Center, Pittsburgh, PA) and CHARLES E. VEROSTKO on a waste water management system capable of processing (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety wastes containing high concentrations of organic/inorganic Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th. San Diego, CA, July materials. The process combines low temperature/pressure to 24-26, 1989. 18 p. vaporize water with high temperature catalytic oxidation to (Contract NAS9-17590) decompose volatile organics. The reclaimed water is of potable (SAE PAPER 891506) Copyright quality and has high potential for maintenance under sterile The design, fabrication, breadboard testing, and the data base conditions. Results from preliminary experiments and modifications obtained for solid oxide electrolysis systems that have applications in process and equipment required to control reliability and for planetary manned missions and habitats are reviewed. The repeatability of system operation are presented. V.L. breadboard tested contains sixteen tubular cells in a closely packed bundle for the electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The A90-27477' Texas A&M Univ., College Station. discussion covers energy requirements, volume, weight, and ELECTROCHEMICAL INCINERATION OF WASTES operational characteristics related to the measurement of the L. KABA, G. D. HITCHENS, and J. OM. BOCKRIS (Texas A & M reactant and product gas compositions, temperature distribution University, College Station) SAE, lntersociety Conference on along the electrolyzer tubular cells and through the bundle, and Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989.

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17 p. refs A90-27494' National Aeronautics and Space Administration, (Contract NAGS-192) Washington, DC. (SAE PAPER 891510) Copyright CREW SYSTEM DYNAMICS - COMBINING HUMANS AND A low temperature electrolysis process has been developed AUTOMATION for the treatment of solid waste material and urine. Experiments MARY CONNORS (NASA, Washington. DC) SAE, lntersociety are described in which organic materials are oxidized directly at Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July the surface of an electrode. Also, hypochlorite is generated 24-26, 1989. 10 p. refs electrochemically from chloride component of urine. Hypochlorite (SAE PAPER 891530) Copyright can act as a strong oxidizing agent in solution. The oxidation Some of the human factor issues involved in effectively takes place at 30-60 C and the gaseous products from the anodic combining human and automated systems are examined with reaction are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen. Hydrogen is formed particular reference to spaceflights. The concepts of the crew at the cathode. Carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides and system and crew systems dynamics are defined, and the present were not detected in the off gases. Chlorine was evolved at the status of crew systems is summarized. The possibilities and anode in relatively low amounts. Author potential problems aasociated with the use of automated systems are discussed, as are unique capabilities and possible errors introduced by human participants. It is emphasized that the true A90-27479 integration of human and automated systems must allow for the SPACE STATION FREEDOM GASEOUS TRACE characteristics of both. V.L. CONTAMINANT LOAD MODEL DEVELOPMENT MARK I. LEBAN and PHILLIP A. WAGNER (Lockheed Missiles A90-27495 and Space Co., Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) SAE, lntersociety Conference DESIGN OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND LIFE on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR THE COLUMBUS PRESSURIZED 13 p. refs MODULES (SAE PAPER 891513) Copyright K.-0. HIENERWADEL and G. KRlNG (Dornier GmbH, A Space Station Freedom gaseous contaminant load model Friedrichshafen, Federal Republic of Germany) SAE, lntersociety has been developed. It consists of 214 contaminants with their Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations, and their estimated 24-26, 1989. 13 p. generation rates. The Space Station Freedom load model is based (SAE PAPER 891531) Copyright on load models developed for previous space missions. It should For the long duration mission intended for the Columbus be considered a preliminary, not a final load model, as it is pressurized modules as used in former applications like Spacelab continually being expanded and updated as new data on Space had to be advanced. The development encompasses modifications Station Freedom becomes available. Author of assemblies/functions which have been part of existing systems as well as the implementation of new features like the trace gas contamination monitoring assembly. All functions which form a A90-27480" Houston Univ., Clear Lake, TX. part of one of the two ECLSSs are listed and described with their A RATIONALE FOR ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING ON SPACE status at the beginning of Phase C/D. Special emphasis is given STATION FREEDOM to the air loops. Author DENNIS M. CASSERLY (Houston, University, Clear Lake, TX) and DANE M. RUSSO (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, A90-27497 San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 8 p. refs DEVELOPMENT OF THE CATALYTIC OXIDIZER (SAE PAPER 891514) Copyright TECHNOLOGY FOR THE EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMME The atmosphere monitoring needs for the Space Station KLAUS AMMANN (Draegewerk AG, Luebeck, Federal Republic Freedom are identified by examining the monitoring requirements of Germany) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental for supplied breathing air in confined spaces, as in the case of Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 10 p. submarines and the Shuttle. Some other factors influencing the (SAE PAPER 891533) Copyright monitoring requirements for Space Station Freedom are also The development of a technological breadboard for a catalytic identified. These include: the experience of past missions and oxidizer assembly is described. The assembly was designed to ground based tests; the proposed experimental and manufacturing remove the light-weight , H, and CO from a Space processes and their hazards; and limitations of the life support Station atmosphere. With regard to the necessary flow rate, CO systems. V.L. turned out to be the design driver while methane governed the thermal design. A concept was selected consisting of a high flow/low temperature catalyst for CO oxidation and a low flowlhigh temperature catalyst for the removal of the more stable A90-27481 contaminants. Test results on both assembly and ECLSS- BlOlSOLATlON TESTING OF SPACE STATION FREEDOM subsystem level, including experiments with selected catalyst MODULAR HABITATS poisons, are presented. Author PAUL WARD-DOLKAS and TERl SCHNEPP (Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. A90-27498 8 P. MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION CONTROL IN THE (SAE PAPER 891516) Copyright COLUMBUS PROJECT Previous testing verified that bioisolation between animal JACQUELINE BAUNE and MANFRED BAUNE (MBB-ERNO, specimens and a spacecraft crew can be provided at the level of Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany) SAE, lntersociety the individual specimen's living quarters (modular habitat) by the Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July use of microbial air filters. As a follow-on effort, a long term 24-26, 1989. 6 p. experiment was performed to (1) determine the effective lifetime (SAE PAPER 891 534) Copyright of the microbial filters and (2) collect and analyze condensate Microbiological contamination is likely to be a problem on long from the heat exchanger. This paper presents results showing duration space missions. Therefore a study was performed to that the filters provided effective microbial isolation throughout establish preliminary requirements and control plan. The major the 58 day tests. Condensate data analysis is also presented. findings are that manned pressurized modules should be delivered The experiment was repeated for a two week period without filters into orbit virtually free of microbes, be designed to inhibit microbial to serve as a control. Author growth and be easy to clean. Author

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A90-27499 contamination and growth within recycled water systems are BAF - AN ADVANCED ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT FOR AIR examined. The roles of plants in water recycling within CELSS is QUALITY CONTROL studied. I.F. ROGER A. BINOT (ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands) and P. G. PAUL (Comprimo, Netherlands) SAE, lntersociety Csnference A90-27504' Krug International, Houston, TX. on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. MICROBIAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR SPACE STATION 10 p. refs FREEDOM (SAE PAPER 891535) Copyright HARLAN D. BROWN, JANIE E. SCARLETT, JOYCE A. SKWERE:S A preliminaly study has been initiated to evaluate the feasibility (Krug International Corp., Houston, TX), RUSSELL L. FORTUNE, of a self-regenerating biological air filter (BAF) onboard future JOHN L. STAPLES (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, MO), and inhabited space stations to alleviate the disdvantages and DUANE L. PIERSON (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, limitations of the physicochemical systems. The discussion focuses TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, on the biodegradability of the various contaminants that are likely 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 8 p. refs to be found in spacecraft and their production rates and allowed (SAE PAPER 891540) Copyright concentrations versus the kinetic and equilibrium constants for The Environmental Health System (EHS) and Health their degradation that are needed for the sizing of the system. Maintenance Facility (HMF) on Space Station Freedom will require V.L. a comprehensive microbiology capability. This requirement entails the development of an automated system to perform microbial A90-27501 identifications on isolates from a variety of environmental and AIR LOOP CONCEPTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL clinical sources and, when required, to perform antimicrobial AND LIFE SUPPORT sensitivity testing. The unit currently undergoing development and H. P. LEISEIFER, B. PATTI (ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands), and testing is the Automated Microbiology System I1 (AMs II) built by K. 0. HIENERWADEL (Dornier System GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Vitek Systems, Inc. The AMS II has successfully completed 12 Federal Republic of Germany) SAE, lntersociety Conference on months of laboratory testing and evaluation for compatibility with Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. microgravity operation. The AMS II is a promising technology for 14 p. refs use on Space Station Freedom. Author (SAE PAPER 891537) Copyright The relation between air loops and the ECLSS of manned A90-27505" Alabama Univ., Huntsville. spacecraft is studied. Air loop functions in laboratory modules DEFINITION OF A NEAR REAL-TIME MICROBIOLOGICAL and design implementation for various conceptual approaches are MONITOR FOR APPLICATION IN SPACE VEHICLES discussed. Particular consideration is given to centralized and MELVIN V. KILGORE, JR., ROBERT J. ZAHORCHAK, WILLIAM decentralized ECLSS; separated and combined air loops; free and F. ARENDALE (Alabama, University, Huntsville), SAMUEL S. nonfree subfloor architecture; cabin loop ventilation; and rack WOODWARD (Boeing Aerospace and Electronics, Seattle, WA), cooling. The use of air loops in the Columbus project is and DUANE L. PIERSON (Boeing Co., Biomedical Laboratories; examined. I.F. NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 9 p. refs A90-27502" Krug International, Houston, TX. (SAE PAPER 891541) Copyright AN OVERVIEW OF THE SPACE STATION FREEDOM The concepts and methodologies for microbiological monitoring ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SYSTEM in space are examined, focusing on the determination of the ELIZABETH E. RICHARD (Krug International Corp., Houston, TX) requirements of a near real-time microbiological monitor. Results and DANE RUSSO (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX) are presented from the technical evaluation of five microbiological SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, monitor concepts, including cultural methods, single cell detection San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 6 p. refs biomolecular detection, specific product detection, and general (SAE PAPER 891538) Copyright molecular composition. Within these concepts, twenty-eight specific The proposed environmental health system (EHS) designed methodolgies were assessed and the five candidate methodplogies for the closed environment of the Space Station is examined. with the highest engineering and feasibility scores were selected The internal contamination control and environmental health for further evaluations. The candidate methodologies are laser considerations for the Space Station are discussed. The micro- light scattering, primary fluorescence, secondary fluorescence, biology, toxicology, water quality, radiological health, vi- volatile product detection, and electronic particle detection. The broacoustics, and barothermal physiology subsystems of the EHS advantages and disadvantages of these five candidate meth- are described. Proposed capabilities of the EHS are: the odologies are discussed. R.B. environmental sample collection, processing, and analysis of the breathing atmosphere, potable and hygiene water, and internal A90-27507* Krug International, Houston, TX. surfaces. I.F. BlOFlLM FORMATION AND CONTROL IN A SIMULATED SPACECRAFT WATER SYSTEM - INTERIM RESULTS A90-27503' Alabama Univ., Huntsville. JOHR R. SCHULTZ, ROBERT D. TAYLOR, DAVID T. FLANAGAN, PROBLEMS IN WATER RECYCLING FOR SPACE STATION RANDALL E. GIBBONS, HARLAN D. BROWN (Krug International FREEDOM AND LONG DURATION LIFE SUPPORT Corp., Houston, TX), RICHARD L. SAUER (NASA, Johnson Space D. S. JANIK, W. J. CRUMP (Alabama, University, Huntsville), E. Center, Houston, TX) et al. SAE, lntersociety Conference or1 A. MACLER, T. WYDEVEN, JR. (NASA, Ames Research Center, Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. Moffett Field, CA), and R. L. SAUER (NASA, Johnson Space 12 p. refs Center, Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on (SAE PAPER 891 543) Copyright Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 9 The ability of iodine to control microbial contamination and p. refs biofilm formation in spacecraft water distribution systems is studied (SAE PAPER 891539) Copyright using two stainless steel water subsystems. One subsystem has A biologically-enhanced, physicaVchemical terminal water an iodine level of 2.5 mg/L maintained by an iodinated treatment testbed for the Space Station Freedom is proposed. ion-exchange resin. The other subsystem has no iodine added. Recycled water requirements for human, animal, plant and/or Stainless steel coupons are removed from each system to monitor combined crews for long duration space missions are discussed. biofilm formation. Results from the first six months of operation An effective terminal treatment method for recycled water indicate that 2.5 mg/L of iodine has limited the number of viable! reclamation systems that is based on using granular activated bacteria that can be recovered from the iodinated subsystem. carbon as the principal active agent and the controls of microbial Epifluorescence microscopy of the coupons taken from this

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subsystem, however, indicates some evidence of microbial Design trends in life support systems currently under colonization after 15 weeks of operation. Numerous bacteria have consideration for prospective manned space missions are been continually removed from both the water samples and the discussed, with a view to the development status of the coupons taken from the noniodinated subsystem after only 3 weeks regenerative, ’closed-loop’ systems required for permanent of operation. Author microgravity orbit stations, long-duration transports, and ultimately even lunar and planetary bases. While such regenerative systems A90-27508 will in the medium term employ physicochemical methods in such DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES FOR THE EUROPEAN EVA tasks as the recovery of oxygen from exhaled C02, and resort of SPACE SUIT SYSTEM (ESSS) open-loop methods in the matters of food siipply and waste NIKOLAUS HERBER (Dornier GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Federal disposal, there will eventually be a resort to a combination of Republic of Germany) SAE, lntersociety Conference on biological and physicochemical processes to recycle organic Environmental Systems, 19th. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. nutrients and grow food. O.C. 18 p. (SAE PAPER 891544) Copyright A90-27513 A development status evaluation is presented for the ESA EVA WASTE MANAGEMENT ABOARD MANNED SPACECRAFT Space Suit System (ESSS) being designed for Hermes spacecraft CHRISTOPHER A. LAMBE, DENISE L. OAKLEY, ALAN servicing of the Columbus Free Flying Laboratory in LEO. An ’EVA ROSEVEAR (Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell Suit Enclosure Module’ (ESEM) has been defined which, as the Laboratory, England), CLAUDE CHIPAUX (Matra, S.A., anthropomorphic, pressure-retentive enclosure of the crewmember, Velizy-Villacoublay, France), and ROGER A. BINOT (ESTEC, must facilitate the operationally required mobility and dexterity. An Noordwijk, Netherlands) SAE, Intersociety Conference on EVA Life Support Module attached to the ESEM provides respiration Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, gases, metabolic cooling, nutrition, and waste collection, while the 1989. 9 p. EVA Information and Communication Module provides control and (SAE PAPER 891550) Copyright data-processing functions. EVA Support and Verification Equipment The reasons for dealing with waste, the main treatment options, is also incorporated by the ESSS system. O.C. and the available technologies are discussed. Recommendations are then proposed about those technologies which will need to A90-27510 be developed. Waste management aims to make a change of THE DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF THE HERMES form which is both advantageous in terms of volume and hazard ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND LIFE SUPPORT reduction and which does not compromise crew health and safety. SUBSYSTEM A broad overview of the waste management strategies required R. SCHAFER (Dornier GmbH, Friedrichshafen, Federal Republic to treat wastes from missions of increasing length is presented. of Germany) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental In conclusion, the basic philosophy behind any successful waste Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 8 p. refs management strategy will involve the exclusion of microbial activity (SAE PAPER 891547) Copyright and, thus, waste stabilization, and/or the inclusion of microbial The development and subsystems of the Hermes ECLSS are degradation processes for the treatment of biodegradable wastes described. The components and functions of the atmosphere leading to element recycle within a closed environmental life pressure control section are discussed. Consideration is given to support system. R.E.P. the functions of the air conditioning section, the liquid management section, and the food/galley management section. The composition A90-27514 and operation of the human and solid waste management section VAPOR COMPRESSION DISTILLATION SUBSYSTEM and the monitoring, control and power management section are EVALUATION - MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM examined. Configurations of the ECLSS for various phases of the HARDWARE, PRETREATMENT SOLUTIONS AND PRODUCT development are provided. I.F. WATER JOSEPH L. ZELIBOR, TIMOTHY L. HUFF, MELVIN V. KILGORE, A90-27511 JR. (Alabama, University, Huntsville), MARY S. TRAWEEK, C02 PROCESSING AND 02 RECLAMATION SYSTEM GERALD A. WHITMAN (Boeing Aerospace and Electronics, Seattle, SELECTION PROCESS FOR FUTURE EUROPEAN SPACE WA) et al. SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental PROGRAMMES Systems, 19th. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 11 p. refs M. ARLOW and G. TRAXLER (Oesterreichische Raumfahrt- und (SAE PAPER 891551) Copyright Systemtechnik Gesellschaft mbH, Vienna, Austria) SAE, A Space Station Freedom life-support system candidate lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San component, the urine water-recovery function Vapor Compression Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 14 p. Research supported by Distillation Subsystem (VCDS), has undergone testing; its hardware, ESTEC. urine pretreatment solution, brine-solution, and product tank water (SAE PAPER 891548) Copyright have all been sampled for microbiological analysis. The largest The process used to select the regenerative C02 processing bacterial populations were collected from product tank water. It is and 02 reclamation system for the AOC phase of the Columbus judged that bacteria, especially those producing either spores or program is discussed. The system requirements are outlined, extracellular polymeric substances, are able to survive pretreatment including the metabolic ratio and specified cabin and VCDS operation, rendering product water unacceptable. leakage rates. Candidate system configurations are described and O.C. compared in terms of interface, technology availability, water quantity and quality requirements and oxygen, carbon, and A90-27515’ National Aeronautics and Space Administration. hydrogen loop closure considerations. The process of preselecting Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. eight candidate system configurations from sixty-four candidates CMIF ECLS SYSTEM TEST FINDINGS and the final selection of the final baseline configuration are RICHARD G. SCHUNK, ROBYN L. CARRASQUILLO, KATHYRN discussed. R.B. Y. OGLE, PAUL 0. WIELAND, and ROBERT M. BAGDlGlAN (NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL) SAE, A90-27512 lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San LIFESUPPORT-FUTURETRENDSANDDEVELOPMENTS Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 13 p. ROBIN C. HUTTENBACH and JAMES D. H. RADFORD (Nelson (SAE PAPER 891552) Copyright Space Services, Ltd., London, England) SAE, lntersociety During 1987 three Space Station integrated Environmental Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) tests were conducted 24-26, 1989. 18 p. refs at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Core Module (SAE PAPER 891549) Copyright Integration Facility (CMIF) as part of the MSFC ECLSS Phase II

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test program. The three tests ranged in duration from 50 to 150 A90-27530' California Univ., Los Angeles. hours and were conducted inside of the CMlF module simulator. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING EXPERIMENTS ON CROP i The Phase II partial integrated system test configuration consisted PRODUCTION IN SPACE of four regenerative air revitalization subsystems and one W. L. BERRY (California, University, Los Angeles), H. KOONTZ regenerative water reclamation subsystem. This paper contains a (Connecticut, University, Storrs), R. WHEELER (Bionetics Corp., discussion of results and lessons learned from the Phase II test Cocoa Beach, FL). and R. PRINCE (NASA, Kennedy Space Center, program. The design of the Phase II test configuration and Cocoa Beach, FL) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental improvements made throughout the program are detailed. Future Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 7 p. refs 1 plans for the MSFC CMlF test program are provided, including an (SAE PAPER 891 569) Copyright overview of planned improvements for the Phase 111 program. Consideration is given to the development of criteria for Author successful CELSS experiments on crop production in space. Also, the development of a standard procedure to produce a given A90-27516' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. expected yield is examined. Factors influencing the success of 1 Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. CELSS experiments are discussed, including environmental limits PHASE 111 INTEGRATED WATER RECOVERY TESTING AT to growth, efficient use of resources, data collection sensitivity, stress, and the space in which the experiment is performed. The ' MSFC - DESIGN, PLANS, AND PROTOCOLS ROBERT M. BAGDlGlAN (NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, implications of the study for designing CELSS food production Huntsville, AL) and GERALD A. WHITMAN (Boeing Aerospace systems are noted. R.B. 1 Co., Seattle, WA) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental j Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26. 1989. 13 p. refs A90-27531 1 (SAE PAPER 891554) Copyright A MODELING SYSTEM FOR CONTROL OF THE THERMAL A series of tests is being conducted at the NASA Marshall AND FLUID DYNAMICS OF THE NASA CELSS CROP Space Flight Center (MSFC) to evaluate the performance of a GROWTH RESEARCH CHAMBER I closed-loop water recovery system. Testing will be conducted at ANN L. BLACKWELL and C. C. BLACKWELL (Texas, University, various levels of integration and loop-closure, culminating in Arlington) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental complete closure of the water system with man-in-the-loop. This Systems, 19th, San Diego. CA, July 24-26, 1989. 19 p. refs paper summarizes the test goals and objectives as well as the (SAE PAPER 891 570) Copyright system design, plans, and protocols which have been established. Consideration is given to the modeling system used to develop I Author a means of controlling the thermal and fluid dynamics of the NASA CELSS Crop Growth Research Center (CGRC). The tolerance A90-27517' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. requirements for atmospheric variables in the CGRC are given. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL. The system developed to control the environment conditions in SPACE STATION ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND LIFE the CGRC plant growth chamber is described. The modeling SUPPORT SYSTEM TEST FACILITY AT MARSHALL SPACE procedure used to develop the atmospheric control system for FLIGHT CENTER the CGRC is examined in detail. The approach used to derive the DARLENE SPRINGER (NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, equations that describe the dynamic behavior of the plant growth Huntsville, AL) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental chamber and the linkage between the model of the physical system Systems, 19th. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 7 p. commponents and the model of the biological component are (SAE PAPER 891555) Copyright discussed. R.B. Different aspects of Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) testing are currently taking place at A90-27534 Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Unique to this testing is CELSS ENGINEERING - PROPORTIONAL CONTROL OF C02 the variety of test areas and the fact that all are located in one USING HIGHER PLANTS building. The north high bay of building 4755, the Core Module BRUCE D. WRIGHT and ALBERT GARCIA, Ill (Texas A & M Integration Facility (CMIF), contains the following test areas: the University, College Station) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Subsystem Test Area, the Comparative Test Area, the Process Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. Material Management System (PMMS), the Core Module Simulator 10 p. refs (CMS), the End-use Equipment Facility (EEF), and the (SAE PAPER 891 573) Copyright Pre-development Operational System Test (POST) Area. This paper Higher plants have physiological responses to the environment addresses the facility that supports these test areas and briefly which can be utilized in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System describes the testing in each area. Future plans for the building to increase system reliability and to simplify design. The rate of and Space Station module configurations will also be discussed. C02 uptake by the plants will affect the C02 concentration in the Author CELSS and vice versa. This response of photosynthesis to C02 concentration can be used as a proportional controller for A90-27518 atmospheric C02 in the CELSS. Results from growth chamber SPACE STATION PHASE 111 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL experiments with wheat confirm this possibility. Times series AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM, TEST BED CONTROL AND analysis techniques are presented which provide a quantitative ~ DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM DESIGN measure of this proportional control. System reliability is increased 1 JAMES 6.SCHULTZ and BOB M. THORNTON (Micro Craft, Inc., when biological and mechanical systems are used in parallel. , Huntsville, AL) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Author I Systems, 19th, San Diego. CA, July 24-26, 1989. 8 p. ' (SAE PAPER 891556) Copyright AM-27535 The design of a data acquisition and control system for the PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF JEM ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL 1 ECLSS testbed for the Space Station is examined. The phase 111 AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM ECLSS is classified into air revitalizaiton systems and water K. SHIRAKI, H. HASHIMOTO, K. MANABE (NASDA, Tokyo, Japan), , reclamation and management systems. The system utilizes A. HATTORI, and H. HAMA (Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe, programmable logic controllers and personal communications Japan) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, I, software. The electrical hardware, logic controllers, and computer 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 10 p. refs software needed to acquire the data and provide control system (SAE PAPER 891574) Copyright functions are described. Hardwarelsoftware interfacing techniques This paper outlines the current status of the preliminary design and methods for implementing both automatic and manual control study of the JEM ECLSS, one of the subsystems in JEM which is , using ladder logic and programmable logic controllers are attached to the Space Station core. ECLSS functions, the design discussed. Various system diagrams are provided. I.F. concepts for ECLSS function allocation between FEM and the

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Space Station core, and JEM ECLSS functionlhardware distribution now being evaluated. Who is developing the equipment and how are established. The design approach emphasizes the JEM the subsystems will be integrated are addressed. An overview of emergency system concept with respect to contamination control the planned test program schedule is given. C.D. and monitoring and to fire detection and suppression, which must be standardized throughout all modules in Space Station. Author ~90-27540 A90-27536 ADVANCED PORTABLE LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM STUDY OF ADVANCED SYSTEM FOR AIR REVITALIZATION COMPONENT INTEGRATION AND SYSTEM TESTING H. ISHIDA, H. YAMASHIRO, S. FUJITA, K. MASUYAMA, S. KONDO WESLEY COLEMAN and DAN REYNOLDS (Rockwell International (Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe, Japan) et al. SAE, Corp., El Segundo, CA) SAE, lntersociety Conference on lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Environmental Systems, 19th. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 14 p. refs 19 p. (SAE PAPER 891575) Copyright (SAE PAPER 891 580) Copyright A feasibility study of the Space Station Air Revitalization System A facility has been designed and built to perform the first (ARS) is presented. Tests of the C02 Removal/Concentration integrated testing of Space Station Freedom Extravehicular Mobility Subsystem (CRC), the 02 Generation Subsystem (OGS), and the Unit Portable Life Support System. The test articles are a Trace Contaminant Control Subsystem (TCCS) are discussed. The non-venting thermal sink, a metal oxide C02 absorber, a quaternary components of an advanced ARS are described. C.D. amine C02 absorber, and a fast response C02 sensor. The water loop and vent loop of the EMU are simulated using facility fluid movers. Minimum volume and thermal mass were also drivers. A90-27537 Difficulties in system design and the resolution of each are STUDY OF AIR REVITALIZATION SYSTEM FOR SPACE discussed. Author STATION M. MINEMOTO, T. ETOH, H. IDA, S. HATANO, N. KAMlSHlMA (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe, Japan) et al. SAE, A90-27541 lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 14 p. refs THERMAL SINK FOR THE ADVANCED EXTRAVEHICULAR MOBILITY UNIT PORTABLE LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM (SAE PAPER 891576) Copyright HAL J. STRUMPF (Allied-Signal Aerospace Co., AiResearch Los The results are reported of various test and simulation Angeles Div., Torrance, CA) SAE, lntersociety Conference on calculations performed on a system to remove from the air the C02 produced by human in closed environments such Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. as space stations, and to regenerate 02 from the C02. Design 10 p. refs (SAE PAPER 891581) Copyright data are presented on an adsorption/desorption system using solid A study is being conducted to design, develop, fabricate, amine for removing and concentrating C02 and on a Bosch reaction integrate, and test a preprototype coolant loop subsystem for an system for obtaining solid carbon and water by reducing advanced extravehicular mobility unit portable life support system concentrated C02. Optimum conditions for operating the device for Space Station Freedom. The overall function of the coolant are described. C.D. loop is to remove metabolic and equipment heat loads and provide a comfortable thermal environment for a crewperson during A90-27538 extravehicular activity. The heat loads are transported by water APPLICABILITY OF MEMBRANE DISTILLATION METHOD TO circulating through a liquid-cooled ventilation garment. The thermal SPACE EXPERIMENTAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT environment is regulated using thermal capacitive and/or radiative HlROSHl OKAZAKI, HIROYO MATSUMOTO, AKlRA KAKIMOTO, control. After use, the system must be capable of regenerating and HlROAKl MATSUMOTO (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., relatively rapidly. The key component in the coolant loop is the Kobe, Japan) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental thermal sink, which is a completely nonventing unit comprising Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 9 p. refs cold-plate heat exchangers, a radiator to reject a fraction of the (SAE PAPER 891578) Copyright generated heat load, and a regenerable thermal storage unit to Consideration is given to the possible use of membrane absorb the remaining heat load. No embedded thermoelectric distillation combined with conventional water treatment processes devices are required. Author for water reclamation for the Space Station. Emphasis is given to a study of the water reclamation system designed for the Life Science Experiment for the JEM. The evacuating method for A90-27543' United Technologies Corp., Windsor Locks, CT. membrane distillation is tested using a spiral wound element-type A HELMET MOUNTED DISPLAY DEMONSTRATION UNIT FOR module and a hollow-fiber element-type module. Results are A SPACE STATION APPLICATION presented from evaluations of the water quality of products obtained CAROLYN G. GERNUX, ROBERT W. BLASER (United from the treatment of an algae culture solution and rat urine. Technologies Corp., Hamilton Standard Div., Windsor Locks, CT), R.B. and JOSE MARMOLEJO (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, A90-27539' Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Houston, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 8 p. TX. (Contract NAS9-17543) DEVELOPMENTOFA PREPROTOTYPE ADVANCED (SAE PAPER 891583) Copyright EXTRAVEHICULAR MOBILITY UNIT (AEMU) REGENERABLE Under NASA guidance an advanced development helmet LIFE SUPPORT SUBSYSTEM - A PROGRESS REPORT mounted display (HMD) has been designed and fabricated. Delivery NORMAN C. ALLEN (Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., has been made of an extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) HMD Houston, TX) and E. MICHAEL LAWSON (NASA, Johnson Space demonstration unit as an alternative to the current low-resolution, Center, Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on chest-mounted display, and cuff-mounted checklists. Important Environmental Systems, 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. design goals achieved with this HMD include the use of transmissive 20 p. liquid display image sources with fairly high resolution (text, (SAE PAPER 891579) Copyright graphics, and video compatible), binocular viewing with total image Regenerable life support (RLS) technologies are being overlap, virtual image projection, low profile packaging, low power developed for use in the Advanced Extravehicle Mobility Unit design, and demonstration of voice control of the HMD data. Test (AEMU) aboard Space Station Freedom. This report describes the results showed that the HMD program successfully demonstrated requirements that these RLS technologies must satisfy in the Space the feasibility of the concept and operated as designed, meeting Station application and the significant features of the technologies the necessary program requirements. R.E.P.

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A90-27544' National Aeronautics and Space Administration. SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 13 p. refs A TELESCIENCE MONITORING AND CONTROL CONCEPT (SAE PAPER 891589) Copyright FOR A CELSS PLANT GROWTH CHAMBER A space-based ammonia synthesizer fixes nitrogen for plants DARYL N. RASMUSSEN and ARSHAD MlAN (NASA, Ames or algae grown in a closed environmental life support system. Research Center; General Electric Co., Moffett Field, CA) SAE, The reactor in this conceptual design operates at 4000 atm to lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, San achieve nearly complete conversion of nitrogen and hydrogen to Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 12 p. refs ammonia. This high pressure is developed by a four-stage (SAE PAPER 891585) Copyright compressor which is a modified version of a proven laboratory Consideration is given to the use of telescience to monitor design. This ammonia synthesis system (including the equipment and control a Space Station CELSS plant growth chamber (PGC). to separate nitrogen from the air) is estimated to have the following The proposed telescience control system contains controllers for specifications for a four-person crew: weight = 57 kg, power = PGC subsystems, a local master controller, and remote controllers. 710 W, volume = 125 I. Author The benefits of telescience are discussed and the functional requirements of the PGC are outlined. A typical monitoring and A90-27550* Barrios Technology, Inc., Houston, TX. control scenario is described. It is suggested that the proposed PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ADVANCED SPACE SUIT concept would provide remote access to a ground-based CELSS CONCEPTS FOR SPACE STATION research facility, Space Station plant growth facilities, lunar-based DAVID M. KLAUS (Barrios Technology, Inc., Houston, TX) and CELSS facilities, and manned interplanetary spacecraft. R.B. PHILIP R. WEST (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, A90-27545' Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, CA. San Diego, CA. July 24-26, 1989. 14 p. refs CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A CLOSED LOOP NUTRIENT (SAE PAPER 891591) Copyright SOLUTION DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR CELSS The requirements for an advanced space suit for Space Station IMPLEMENTATION IN A MICRO-GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT EVA and the methods used to evaluate candidate suit concepts STEVEN H. SCHWARTZKOPF (Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., are examined. Two candidate Space Station suits, the AX-5 and Inc., Sunnyvale, CA), MEL W. OLESON (Boeing Aerospace Co., the Mk. 111, are described and illustrated. The methods to test Seattle, WA), and HATICE S. CULLINGFORD (NASA, Johnson these suits are discussed, including, tests at the NASAIJohnson Space Center, Houston, TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Space Center Weightless Environment Training Facility, tests in Environmental Systems, 19th. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. the microgravity environment of the KC-135 aircraft, C02 washout 10 p. refs evaluations, component torque measurements, environmental (Contract NAS9-17981) hazards protection evaluations, and component cycle life verification. R.B. (SAE PAPER 891 586) Copyright This paper describes the results of a study to develop a conceptual design for an experimental, closed-loop fluid handling AN-27551 * National Aeronautics and Space Administration. system capable of monitoring, controlling, and supplying nutrient Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. solution to higher plants. The Plant Feeder Experiment (PFX) is RESULTS AND APPLICATIONS OF A SPACE SUIT designed to be flight tested in a micro-gravity (micro-g) environment RANGE-OF-MOTION STUDY and was developed under NASA's In-Space Technology AL REINHARDT (NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Experiments Program (INSTEP). When flown, PFX will provide CA) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, information on both the generic problems of micro-g fluid handling 19th. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 15 p. Previously announced and the specific problems associated with the delivery of nutrient in STAR as N89-26398. refs solution in a micro-g environment. The experimental hardware is (SAE PAPER 891 592) Copyright designed to fit into two middeck lockers on the Space Shuttle, The range of motion of space suits has traditionally been and incorporates several components that have previously been described using limited 2-D mapping of limb, torso, or arm flight tested. Author movements performed in front of an orthogonal grid. A new technique for recovering extra-vehicular (EVA) space suit range-of-motion data during underwater testing was described in A90-27546' Life Systems, Inc.. Cleveland, OH. a paper presented by the author at the 1988 conference. The ATMOSPHERE CONTROL FOR PLANT GROWTH FLIGHT new technique uses digitized data which is automatically acquired '1 EXPERIMENTS from video images of the subject. Three-dimensional trajectories FEROLYN T. POWELL, MARTIN SUDAR (Life Systems, Inc., are recovered from these data, and can be displayed using 2-0 Cleveland, OH), MARC TIMM, and BRUCE YOST (Bionetics Corp.. computer graphics. Results of using this technique for the current 1 Cocoa Beach, FL) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental shuttle EVA suit during underwater simulated weightlessness testing 1 Systems, 19th. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 11 p. Research are discussed. Application of the data for use in animating 1 sponsored by NASA, Bionetics Corp., and Life Systems, Inc. anthropometric computer models is highlighted. Author (SAE PAPER 891587) Copyright An atmosphere exchange system (AES) has been designed to A90-27554' Allied-Signal Aerospace Co., Torrance, CA. provide a conditioned atmosphere supply to plant specimens in I METAL OXIDE REGENERABLE CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL 1 flight without incurring the large weight and volume associated SYSTEM FOR AN ADVANCED PORTABLE LIFE SUPPORT with bottled gases. The paper examines the atmosphere filter , SYSTEM I cartridge (AFC) designed to remove trace organic atmosphere MAURENA S. NACHEFF (Allied-Signal Aerospace Co., AiResearch contaminants from the Space Shuttle cabin and to condition the Los Angeles Div., Torrance, CA), CRAIG H. CHANG (Allied-Signal cabin atmosphere prior to exposure to plant specimens. The AES Engineered Materials Research Center, Des Plaines, IL), GERALD I and AFC are described and illustrated. The AFC design V. COLOMBO (Umpqua Research Co., Myrtle Creek, OR), and requirements are discussed and results are presented from tests ROBERT J. CUSICK (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, on the performance of the AFC. Also, consideration is given to TX) SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, the potential applications of the AFC and future design concepts 19th, San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 14 p. refs for atmosphere control. R.B. (Contract NAS9-17836) (SAE PAPER 891 595) Copyright A90-27548 The development of a C02 removal system for an astronaut CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AN AMMONIA SYNTHESIZER FOR portable life support system to meet the EVA requirements for SPACE APPLICATIONS the Space Station is discussed, focusing on the factors important I MARK HOLTZAPPLE (Texas A 8% M University, College Station) in the selection of the metal oxide absorbent for C02 removal.

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Results from laboratory tests on metal oxide absorbent materials a meal/meeting table and a portable workstation. Design criteria are given, including characterization studies and dynamic C02 and requirements are discussed and documented. Preliminary and uptake and regeneration measurements. The preliminary design final mock-ups and equipment prototypes are described and of the breadboard system to perform both the absorption and illustrated. Author regeneration functions is presented. R.B. N90-17309# Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy. Aviation A90-27557 Research Lab. BIOSPHERE II - TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF A MANNED PROXIMITY COMPATIBILITY AND INFORMATION DISPLAY CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM THE EFFECTS OF SPACE AND COLOR ON THE ANALYSIS WILLIAM F. DEMPSTER (Space Biospheres Venture, Oracle, AZ) OF AIRCRAFT STALL CONDITIONS Final Report SAE, lntersociety Conference on Environmental Systems, 19th, ANTHONY D. ANDRE and CHRISTOPHER D. WICKENS Oct. San Diego, CA, July 24-26, 1989. 7 p. refs 1989 45 p (SAE PAPER 891599) Copyright (Contract DAAAl5-86-K-0013; DA PROJ. 1L1-61102-B-74-A) The engineering aspects of the Biosphere II program are (AD-A214488; HEL-TM-16-89) Avail: NTlS HC AO3/MF A01 summarized. The Biosphere II is a closed ecological system under CSCL 2312 construction in Arizona. The temperature and humidity control, The proximity compatibility principle (Wickens, 1987) asserts water cycling, energy, and data collection and control systems for that when a task requires the integration of multiple sources of the Biosphere II project are considered. The variable volume information, performance will be best supported when that chambers used to expand and contract the atmosphere volume information is displayed in close proximity. Conversely, when a within the Biosphere II are described. The methods for creating task requires attention to be focused on a specific source of waves, , and currents for the biosphere ocean and marsh information, performance will be best supported by a more system are outlined. The energy supply for the project and separated display. To assess the validity of this principle, a series redundancies in the Biosphere II energy system are examined. of three experiments were conducted in which subjects monitored Also, the potential applications for biospheric systems and possible a display of flight parameters critical to aircraft stability and were spinoff biotechnologies from the Biosphere II program are required to either predict the likelihood of an aircraft stall discussed. R.B. (information integration) or to recall the value of a single flight parameter (focused attention). Display proximity of relevant N90-17307# Texas A&M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Industrial information was imposed through spatial closeness and color Engineering. similarity. The results indicate that color adheres to the proximity INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL SUPPORTS compatibility principle, but that space does not. Instead, the spatial ON MANUAL LIFTING Ph.D. Thesis proximity between relevant and irrelevant information appears to ALFRED ALAN AMENDOLA May 1989 126 p Sponsored by be the dominant factor affecting Performance across both tasks. National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH The data are discussed in terms of their practical implications for (PB90-103367) Avail: NTlS HC A07/MF A01 CSCL 05/8 multi-element display design. GRA The study was conducted to assess the utility of the use of external support devices for manual lifting. Two commercially N90-17310# School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX. available devices, an airbelt and a compvest, and a combination PRESCRIBING SPECTACLES FOR AVIATORS Final Report, of the two devices were tested in a lifting experiment for three Sep. 1988 - Sep. 1989 frequencies of lift (three, six, and nine lifts per minute) using 20 ROBERT E. MILLER, II, JOHN F. KENT, and ROBERT P. GREEN, male university student volunteers. The lifts were also performed JR. Sep. 1989 36 p with no device. The subjects lifted a tote box containing steel and (AD-A214830; USAFSAM-SR-89-5) Avail: NTlS HC AO3/MF A01 lead shot from the floor to Metacarpal-3 height at various rates of CSCL 06/5 lift and with different support devices for two 20 minute sessions. This special report was written as a review and reference for Four independent methods were used in the evaluation: USAF vision specialists in prescribing spectacles for aviators. Vision biomechanical, psychophysical, subjective survey, and body part correction in flyers presents unique problems especially for the discomfort. No device was significantly different from the control presbyopes. The demands of each individual aircraft environment condition for the maximum acceptable weight of lift over all the need to be well understood. USAF ophthalmologists and participants. No significant differences were noted in the optometrists must consider the pertinent aeromedical factors before compressive force in the low back among the device treatments. prescribing spectacles for ametropic aircrew members. This report No preference was determined subjectively for any specific device. includes a comprehensive guide to cockpit instrument panel No significant differences were noted based on body part distances and print sizes for most USAF aircraft. GRA discomfort measurements. It was concluded from the study that the use of lifting devices is questionable as an aid in lifting. N90-1731I# Air Force Medical Center, Wright-Patterson AFB, GRA OH. ATTENUATING THE LUMINOUS OUTPUT OF THE AN/PVS-5A N90-17308*# Southern California Inst. of Architecture, Santa NIGHT VISION GOGGLES AND ITS EFFECTS ON VISUAL Monica. ACUITY Final Report SPACE STATION WARDROOM HABITABILITY AND RICHARD R. LEVINE and CHARENCE E. RASH Sep. 1989 EQUIPMENT STUDY 36 P DAVID NIXON, CHRISTOPHER MILLER, and REGIS FAUQUET (AD-A214895; USAARL-89-24) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 Washington NASA Dec. 1989 142 p CSCL 20/6 (Contract NCC2-356) Aviators in combat may be subjected to a variety of noxious (NASA-CR-4246; NAS 1.26:4246) Avail: NTlS HC A07/MF A01 light stimuli. Filters and other eye protective devices may be used CSCL 0611 1 to counter these threats. At night, filters may be used in conjunction Experimental designs in life-size mock-up form for the wardroom with image intensification devices (e.g., night vision goggles) to facility for the Space Station Habitability Module are explored and provide useful low-light vision as well as protection from deleterious developed. In Phase 1, three preliminary concepts for the wardroom light sources (e.g., lasers, pyrotechnics, nuclear fireballs, etc.). configuration are fabricated and evaluated. In Phase 2, the results Technologies may be combined in a single, integrated head gear of Phase 1 are combined with a specific range of program design unit. The present study was performed in order in consider the requirements to provide the design criteria for the fabrication of effects on visual acuity after reducing night vision goggle luminous an innovative medium-fidelity mock-up of a wardrobe configuration. output from 0 to 99 percent. A range of target contrasts and The study also focuses on the design and preliminary prototyping ambient illumination levels was investigated. AN/PVS-5A goggles of selected equipment items including crew exercise compartments, were selected based upon their compatibility with current phosphor

166 54 MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT display technology and their current ubiquity within aviation units. and keep track of ever more complicated flight management Visual acuity was assayed behaviorally because of its critical systems is outlined. A hydraulic system leak or loss checklist is importance in flying performance. The results of the study provide used as a model of interactions of pilot and computer via a speech normative acuity data with goggles alone and document the effects recognition system. Details of the computer control system used on goggle visual acuity with reduced goggle luminances as might and the pilotlcomputer interface are outlined. Simulation of an be produced by protective materials placed between the goggles emergency hydraulic leak situation is presented to illustrate the and the eyes. GRA practical parameters involved in such a system. ESA

N90-173 12# Aerospace Medical Research Labs., N90-17315# Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Center for Engineering Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. Systems Advanced Research. SUBJECTIVE WORKLOAD ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE JOB PLANNING AND EXECUTION MONITORING FOR A (SWAT): A USER’S GUIDE Interim Report, Jun. 1986 - Oct. HUMAN-ROBOT SYMBIOTIC SYSTEM 1988 LYNNE E. PARKER Nov. 1989 32 p SCOTT S. POTTER, JEINE R. BRESSLER (Systems Research (Contract DE-AC05-840R-21400) Labs., Inc., Dayton, OH.), and GARY 8.REID Jul. 1989 118 p (DE90-004464; ORNL/TM-11308; CESAR-89/34) Avail: NTlS (Contract F33615-85-C-0541; AF PROJ. 71 84) HC AO31MF A01 (AD-A215405; AAMRL-TR-89-023) Avail: NTlS HC AOG/MF A01 The human-robot symbiosis concept has the fundamental CSCL 0518 objective of bridging the gap between fully human-controlled and This report serves as a user’s guide to accompany software fully autonomous systems to achieve true human-robot cooperative Version 3.1 for the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique control and intelligence. Such a system would allow improved (SWAT), a tool for measuring mental workload. The guide was speed, accuracy, and efficiency of task execution, while retaining developed as a how-to manual for implementing SWAT. A general the human in the loop for innovative reasoning and decision-making. overview of workload is presented, all aspects of the scale Earlier research has resulted in the development of a robotic system development phase are described in detail, general information architecture facilitating the symbiotic integration of teleoperative relating to the event scoring phase and development phase is and automated modes of task execution. This architecture reflects provided, information relating to the event scoring phase is a unique blend of many disciplines of artificial intelligence into a provided, and finally, each menu and screen of the program is working system, including job or mission planning, dynamic task explained step by step. Various topics are covered including allocation, human-robot communication, automated monitoring, and descriptions of the three SWAT dimensions, use of conjoint machine learning. This report focuses on two elements of this measurement and scaling, card sort procedures and analysis, architecture: the Job Planner and the Automated Monitor. DOE methods of prototyping, event scoring, and data analysis. Each how-to section that the user will need is provided in an appendix N90-17614# Air Transport Users Committee, London (England). so that the appropriate section can be separated from the rest of Air Transport Users Committee. the report for handy reference. GRA SMOKEHOODS DONNED QUICKLY. THE IMPACT OF DONNING SMOKEHOODS ON EVACUATION TIMES N90-17313# Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, J. H. 6. VAN ln AGARD, Aircraft Fire Safety 12 p Oct. 1989 Natick, MA. Copyright Avail: NTlS HC A18/MF A03; Non-NATO Nationals PHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MEN WEARING THREE requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications DIFFERENT TOXICOLOGICAL PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS Executive LESLIE LEVINE, BRUCE S. CADARETTE. MICHAEL N. SAWKA, Seven hundred and sixty-five volunteers aged between 18 and and KENT 6.PANDOLF Aug. 1989 12 p 50 took part in 9 simulated emergency evacuations in clear air (AD-A215527) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 15/6 and smoke with and without ventilated smoke hoods. Analysis of This study examined the physiological responses of seven differences between the experimental conditions, age, sex, seat volunteers exercising in the heat while wearing three different location, exit, and test run showed that the key factor was seat toxicological protective systems. The Toxicological Agent Protective location. While the wearing of hoods and the presence of smoke (TAP) suit has been available for use for more than 30 years both increased the evacuation times the interaction between these while the other two protective systems are developmental efforts. separate factors was negative, indicating that the use of hoods in The Self-contained Toxicological Environmental Protection Outfit the presence of smoke was less than the sum of the additional (STEPO) includes either a backpack- (with C02 scrubber) times attributable to smoke and hood. A quadratic response surface and ice-cooling vest (STEPO-R), or a tether system which supplies model enabled the evacuation time for each seat to be predicted breathing/cooling air inside the suit (STEPO-T). After the volunteers for each condition and show that evacuation time increases with were heat acclimated, the three toxicological protection systems the distance from an exit and the aisle. It was concluded that the were evaluated utilizing a counter-balanced experimental design wearing of smoke hoods should not significantly impede the ability initially in a hot and then in a cool environment while subjects of passengers to evacuate an aircraft cabin in an emergency. walked at 1.12 m/s, 0 percent grade for an attempted two hours. Author There was no statistical advantage of any one system in terms of exercise time in the cool environment. While evaporated sweating N90-17616# Civil Aeromedical Inst., Oklahoma City, OK. rate was greater for the STEPO-T in the cool environment Protection and Survival Lab. compared to both STEPO-R and TAP. Development efforts to THE RESEARCH PROGRAM AT THE CIVIL AEROMEDICAL improve the STEPO system designs continue, and physiological INSTITUTE CONCERNING PROTECTIVE BREATHING evaluation of new developmental models is underway. GRA EQUIPMENT FOR USE BY CREW AND PASSENGERS IN AN AVIATION SMOKE/FUME ENVIRONMENT N90-17314# Technische Univ., Berlin (Germany, F.R.). Bereich E. ARNOLD HlGGlNS ln AGARD, Aircraft Fire Safety 7 p Oct. Flugfuehrung und Luftverkehr. 1989 CHECKLIST READING PROBLEMS IN AIRPLANES EQUIPPED Copyright Avail: NTlS HC A18/MF A03; Non-NATO Nationals WITH SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEMS [ZUR PROBLEMATIK requests available only from AGARDIScientific Publications DES CHECKLISTENLESENS IN VERKEHRSFLUGZEUGEN Executive UNTER ZUHILFENAHME VON SPRACHMODULEN] On June 3, 1987, a final rule defining Crew Protective Breathing HEINRICH MENSEN and THILO LlEBlG Jul. 1989 125 p In Equipment (CPBE) was issued by the FAA. On September 1, 1987, GERMAN Action Notice A-8150.2 (Guidelines for Approval of Crewmember (ILR-MITT-223(1989); ETN-90-96181) Avail: NTlS HC AO6/MF Protective Breathing Equipment) established requirements A0 1 and tests for certifying CPBE. The recommended method The use of speech recognition systems to help pilots control for testing contaminant leakage proved unsatisfactory when

167 54 MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT

chemically-generated oxygen was used. The Civil Aeromedical the above and M-400 DUI U/G. In conclusion, rating compressibility, Institute (CAMI) developed a new method, and has tested two absorbency and insulation (wet), the superior U/G included candidate devices. This test method is discussed. Recent interest Flectalon and DUI UIG, M-400 and M-600 weights. DMC U/G in reviewing the feasibility of providing passenger protective were ranked next, primarily due to high absorbency. The DMC breathing equipment (PPBE) was stimulated, in part, by the British radiant barrier did not significantly affect insulation by contributing Airtours BO737 accident at Manchester, England, in August 1985. any reflected radiant energy based upon the small temperature In October, 1986, the airworthiness authorities at Great Britain, gradient between skin and water. GRA France, Canada, and the United States initiated a coordinated effort to reevaluate PPBE. A history of CAM1 involvement in the N90-18150# Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, study of PPBE will be presented, as will the status of current OH. School of Engineering. activities in this program. Author PARETO OPTIMIZATION DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR THE AFlT (AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY)/AAMRL N90-18147’# North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. (ARMSTRONG AERONAUTICAL MEDICAL RESEARCH REGULATION OF NITROGEN UPTAKE AND ASSIMILATION: LABORATORY) ANTHROPOMORPHIC ROBOTIC EFFECTS OF NITROGEN SOURCE, ROOT-ZONE PH, AND MANIPULATOR M.S. Thesis AERIAL C02 CONCENTRATION ON GROWTH AND JERREL D. TUMLIN, JR. Dec. 1989 161 p PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEANS (ADA216178; AFIT/GCS/ENC/89D-3) Avail: NTlS HC AOB/MF C. D. RAPER and L. TOLLEY-HENRY Dec. 1989 71 p A01 CSCL 12/9 (Contract NCC2-101) A method to optimize a robotic parallel manipulator (NASA-CR-177546; NAS 1.26:177546) Avail: NTlS HC A04/MF configuration using Pareto Optimization techniques was developed. A01 CSCL 06/11 Pareto optimization is a cooperative effort between design An important feature of controlled-environment crop production parameters. The design parameters to be optimized included the systems such as those to be used for life support of crews during payload mass, the length of the manipulator link labelled 12, and space exploration is the efficient utilization of nitrogen supplies. the prescribed time for the manipulator to move a prescribed Making decisions about the best sources of these supplies requires distance. Three functionals were computed for design optimization. research into the relationship between nitrogen source and the These included the mechanical efficiency of the system, the physiological processes which regulate vegetative and reproductive maximum value of torque for motor one, and the maximum value plant growth. Work done in four areas within this research objective of torque for motor two. A functional analysis was performed using is reported: (1) experiments on the effects of root-zone pH on two trajectories for the manipulator; a horizontal trajectory and a preferential utilization of N03(-) versus NH4( +) nitrogen; (2) vertical trajectory. A combination of these paths allows the investigation of processes at the whole-plant level that regulate manipulator to reach anywhere within its workspace. Algorithms nitrogen uptake; (3) studies of the effects of atmospheric C02 were developed for computing each of the functionals when and N03(-) supply on the growth of soybeans; and (4) examination changing any of the design parameters. When the horizontal path of the role of N03(-) uptake in enhancement of root respiration. was traversed, mechanical efficiency was zero, thus total input Author work of the manipulator was evaluated. The sensitivities of the design parameter changes were evaluated for optimization. When N90-18148# Defence Research Establishment, Ottawa (Ontario). a horizontal path was followed, only the link 1 (2) length had Protective Sciences Div. changing sensitivity values. Sensitivity changes occurred for all of SOME PRACTICAL ADVICE ON COLD WEATHER CLOTHING the design parameters for a vertical trajectory. GRA 6. FARNWORTH Aug. 1989 16 P (AD-A215936; DREO-?N-89-21) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 CSCL 0518 Considerable research and development has been carried out 55 on cold weather clothing at the Defense Research Establishment Ottawa. This paper explains in laymen’s language, the practical knowledge gained in the course of this work. It deals in turn with SPACE BIOLOGY the five elements of good winter clothing design, thickness, dryness, wind proofness, whole-body coverage and flexibility. It concludes Includes exobiology; planetary biology; and extraterrestrial life. with exdanations of how breathable fabrics. wickina fabrics and aluminized materials work and how practical ihey are. GRA A90-25177 a N90-18149# Navy Experimental Diving Unit, Panama City, FL. THE FLOW OF ENERGY, NATURAL LEARNING SYSTEMS INSULATION, COMPRESSIBILITY AND ABSORBENCY OF DRY AND THE CREATION OF LIFE ON EARTH SUIT UNDERGARMENTS Final Report JOHN B. CORLISS Acta Astronautica (ISSN 0094-5765), vol. JOHN A. STERBA, R. SCOTT HANSON, and JOSEPH F. 19, Nov. 1989, p. 869-873. refs STlGLlCH Aug. 1989 26 p Copyright (AD-A215944; NEDU-10-89) Avail: NTlS HC A03/MF A01 It is hypothesized that the deep sea hot springs which cooled CSCL 0518 the earth’s first ocean crust also furnished the environment for Recent selection of new undergarments (UIG) for cold water the evolution of self-replicating organic structures into living diving has been based on anecdotal reports. Previous studies organisms; a deeper appreciation of the processes at work in hot revealed hydrophobic microfibrous material (Thinsulate) to be springs is held to suggest a novel vision of the relationship of all superior in both insulation when wet and compressibility compared life to the physical universe. Sea-floor hot springs encompass a to open-cell foam. The objectives of this study included comparing hierarchy of dissipative structures evolving to higher levels of order, Thinsulate against the new U/G materials in a controlled, unmanned organizing the matter contained within; this matter extends to study. After preliminary testing of 39 U/G composites, nine U/G components necessary for the construction of living organisms. were chosen: four using arctic fleece, radiant barrier and both O.C. Thinsulate and polyester battings from Defense Marketing Consultants (DMC), four using Thinsulate M-400 and M-600 from A90-26762 Diving Unlimited International (DUI) and the Flectalon U/G INTERSTELLAR AND CIRCUMSTELLAR MOLECULES AND composite from Arktis Outdoor Products. Dry U/G per unit thickness ELEMENTS NECESSARY FOR LIFE [MOLECULES showed few differences. Saturated with water, the superior U/G, INTERSTELLAIRES ET CIRCUMSTELLAIRES ET ELEMENTS per se, were Flectalon, DUI M-600 and one DMC U/G using Dupont NECESSAIRES A LA VIE] Dacron4 batting. The superior wet U/G, per unit thickness, included JEAN-PIERRE LAFON (Paris, Observatoire, Meudon, France)

168 55 SPACE BIOLOGY

L'Astronomie (ISSN 0004-6302), vol. 103, Dec. 1989, p. 489-493. are reviewed. A model for the origin of the optical activity of living In French. refs organisms is proposed, in which selective of a barrier Copyright membrane composed of amphiphilic homochiral molecules is Organic in interstellar and circumstellar regions is responsible for the selection of right-handed or left-handed examined. The theory of the origin and evolution of elements entantiomers. R.B. after the big bang is reviewed and the chemical composition of the interstellar medium is described. Consideration is given to N90-17316'# National Aeronautics and Space Administration, chemical reactions in the interstellar medium, in circumstellar Washington, DC. envelopes, and on solid condensed matter. Also, the quantum PUBLICATIONS OF THE EXOBIOLOGY PROGRAM FOR 1988: aspects of the formation of complex organic molecules in the A SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY interstellar medium or the primordial earth atmosphere are Feb. 1990 53 p Prepared in cooperation with George Washington examined. R.B. Univ., Washington, DC I (NASA-TM-4169; NAS 1.154169) Avail: NTlS HC A04lMF A01 A90-26766 CSCL 0612 THE FORMATION OF THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE ON The 1988 publications resulting from research pursued under THE PRIMORDIAL EARTH [FORMATION DES BRIQUES DU the auspices of NASA's Exobiology Program are listed. The VIVANT SUR LA TERRE PRIMITIVE] Exobiology Program is an integrated program designed to F. RAULIN (Paris XII, Universite, Creteil, France) and J. C. investigate those processes that may have been responsible for GUlLLEMlN (Rennes I, Universite, France) L'Astronomie (ISSN or related to the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the 0004-6302). vol. 103, Dec. 1989, p. 509-514. In French. refs universe. Research supported by this program is in the areas of Copyright cosmic evolution of biogenic compounds, prebiotic evolution, early Studies concerning the early stages of biochemical evolution evolution of life, and evolution of advanced life. Pre-mission and on earth are reviewed, focusing on the formation of small reactive pre-project activities supporting these areas are included in the organic molecules in the atmosphere and the evolution of these areas of solar system exploration and the search for extraterrestrial molecules in water to form biochemical monomers. Consideration intelligence. A planetary protection subject area is also included is given to global simulations of the formation of amino acids because of its direct relevance to the Exobiology program. from inorganic matter and studies on the formation of small organic Author molecules such as HCN and HCHO in the gas phase. Also, experiments on the prebiotic synthesis of biological monomers and polymers in water are discussed. R.B.

A90-26767 THE EARLY EMERGENCEOF PROTEINS[EMERGENCE PRECOCE DES PROTEINES] ANDRE BRACK and BERNARD BARBIER (CNRS, Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, Orleans, France) L'Astronomie (ISSN 0004-6302), vol. 103, Dec. 1989, p. 515-518. In French. refs Copyright The emergence of proteins on the primordial earth is examined. Laboratory experiments on the selective polymerization of particular amino acids in the primordial soup are discussed. Consideration is given to the role of protein conformation stability in the amino acid selection process. Also, the chemical behavior of peptide microstructures and the catalytic properties of peptides and simple polypeptides are discussed. R.B.

A90-26768 NUCLEIC ACIDS AND THE ORIGINS OF LIFE [ACIDES NUCLEIQUES ET ORlGlNES DE LA VIE] MARIE-CHRISTINE MAUREL (CNRS, lnstitut Jacques Monod, Paris, France) L'Astronomie (ISSN 0004-6302), vol. 103, Dec. 1989, p. 519-525. In French. refs Copyright Theories concerning the prebiotic synthesis of nucleic acids are reviewed. Consideration is given to the possible environments for the origins of nucleic acids, including the primordial soup, quasi-crystalline clays, and surface metabolites. The possible conditions for the replication of RNA in the absence of enzymes are studied. The possibility that purines are the precursors to life is examined, noting the chemical behavior of the reactive imidazole group. Also, the possible role of the catalytic activity of RNA in the origin of life is discussed. R.B.

A90-26769 CHIRAL MOLECULES AT THE ORIGIN OF LIFE [LES MOLECULES CHIRALES AUX ORlGlNES DE LA VIE] GERARD SPACH (CNRS, Rouen, France) L'Astronomie (ISSN 0004-6302), vol. 103, Dec. 1989, p. 527-530. In French. Copyright The relationship between chiral molecules and the origin of life is examined. The chemical and optical characteristics of chiral molecules are summarized and theories concerning the origin of chirality and the stereospecificity of amino acids and nucleotides

169 SUBJECT INDEX

AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY /A Continuing Bibliography (Supplement 337) June 1990

Human performancefsystems safety issues in aircraft Aerospace medicine and biology A Continuing Typical Subject Index Listing accident investigation and prevention bibliography with indexes (supplement 331) p 154 A90-26297 [NASA-SP-701l(331) I p 125 N90-18137 Exploratory experience in mental process in some AEROSPACESAFETY airplane accidents oue to human factors A rationale for atmospheric monitoring on Space Station p 138 A90-26300 Freedom SUBJECT HEADING Analysis of air traffic control operating irregularities ISAE PAPER 8915141 p 160 A90-27480 p 138 A90-26305 AEROSPACETECHNOLOGYTRANSFER ACOUSTIC FATIGUE Development of the catalytic oxidizer technology for the L-r' Protective effect of various types and regimens of European space programme -MASS FLOW adaptation lo hypoxia on the development of SA€ PAPER 891533 p 160 A9027497 I I A simple, mass balance model of carbon flow in a stress-induced lesions in KM-line rats AGING (BIOLOGY) ecological life support system p 108 A9024748 A ieappraisal of aging and pilot performance [NASA-TM-l02151] p 20 N90-10571 ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT p 132 A90 26246 Evaluation 01 two objective measures of effective AH-64 HELICOPTER v 77 auditory stimulus level r Pilot assessment of the AH-64 helmet mounted display AD-A214669 p 121 N90-17255 I I system p 151 A9026217 ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES Voice analysis to predict the psychological or physical AIR COOLING state of a speaker p 118 A90-26019 Avionics air cooling for Space Station Freedom SAE PAPER 891 459 p 156 A9027428 ACOUSTICS I I Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and information AIR DEFENSE processing in the auditory cortex Predicting Air Combat Maneuvering (ACM) The subject heading is a key to the subject content (AD-A216092] p 126 N90-18139 performance p 143 N90-17294 of the document. The title is used to provide a ACTIVATION (BIOLOGY) AIR FILTERS description of the subject matter. When the title is Activation Positive and negative effects of the alarm Biotsolation testing of Space Station Freedom modular system in the brain p 143 N90-17290 habitats insufficiently descriptive of document content, a ACTIVE CONTROL [SAE PAPER 8915161 p 160 A90 27481 title extension is added, separated from the title Space Station Freedom active internal thermal control Atmosphere control for plant growth flight experiments by three hyphens. The (NASA or AIAA) accession system - A descriptive overview [SAE PAPER 8915871 p 165 A9027546 number and the page number are included in each (SAE PAPER 8914581 p 156 A90-27427 AIR FLOW ACTIVITY (BIOLOGY) Investigation of humidity control via membrane entry to assist the user in locating the abstract in Activation Positive and negative effects of the alarm separation for advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) the abstract section. If applicable, a report number system in the brain p 143 N90-17290 application is also included as an aid in identifying the docu- ADAPTATION 1 SAE PAPER 8915071 p 159 A90 27474 ment. Under any one subject heading, the acces- Skeletal muscle adaptation in rats flown on Cosmos AIR POLLUTION 1667 p 107 A9024397 Atmospheric Composition Monitor Assembly for Space sion numbers are arranged in sequence with the Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in Station Freedom Environmental Control and Life Support AIAA accession numbers appearing first. antarctica System IAD-AP166791 p 126 N90-18142 [SAE PAPER 891451 I p 156 A90 27421 ADAPTIVE CONTROL AIR PURIFICATION Payload invariant control via neural networks Space Station Freedom carbon dioxide removal Development and expenmental evaluation A assembly IAD-A2157401 p 146 N90-17306 [SAE PAPER 8914491 p 155 A90-27419 ADRENERGICS A-320 AIRCRAFT Preliminary evaluation of a membrane gas separation A320 crew workload modelling p 137 A9026287 Effect of hindlimb suspension on cardiovascular responses to sympathomimetics and lower body negative unit for Space Station Freedom atmosphere revitalization ABILITIES subsystem Cockpit resource management skills enhance combat pressure p 108 A90-24399 AEROSPACE ENGINEERING ISAE PAPER 891 450 1 p 156 A9027420 mission performance in a 0-52 simulator BAF . An advanced ecological concept lor air quality p 132 A90-26241 Concept design of the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator for the Space Station Mobile Servicing control An analysis of abilities requisite lo Pilot competency System p 146 A9043898 ISAE PAPER 891 535 I p 161 A9027499 professional flight crew development Avionics air cooling for Space Station Freedom CMlF ECLS system test findings p 134 A90-26262 ISAE PAPER 891459 I p 156 A9027428 [ SAE PAPER 891 552 I p 162 A90-27515 Expertise. stress, and pilot judgment Preliminary design of JEM Environmental Control and Study of advanced system for air revitalization p 141 N90-17284 Life Support System I SAE PAPER 891 575 I p 164 A9027536 Feedback effects in computer-based skill learning ISAE PAPER 891574 I p 163 A90 27535 Study of air revitalization system for Space Station I AD-AZ145601 p 144 N90-17298 AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS I SAE PAPER 891576 I p 164 A9027537 Measuring learning ability by dynamic testing The protons of space and brain tumors I . Clinical and AIR QUALITY [AD-A215273] p 145 N90-17304 dosimetric considerations p 109 A9025332 A rationale for atmospheric monitoring on Space Station ABIOGENESIS The protons of space and brain tumors II -Cellular and Freedom The formation of the building blocks of life on the molecular considerations p 109 A90-25333 (SAE PAPER 8915141 p 160 A90-27480 AEROSPACE MEDICINE primordial earth p 169 A90-26766 BAF An advanced ecological concept for air quality Medical impact analysis for the Space Station Nucleic acids and the origins of life control p 115 A90 24437 p 169 A90-26768 [SAE PAPER 8915351 p 161 A90-27499 Humans in space - Medical challenges ACCELERATION (PHYSICS) AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL p 116 A90 24769 Guidelines for safe human exposure to impact Man-machine interface problems in designing air traffic Clinical aspects of inflight incapacitations in commercial acceleration. update A control systems p 148 A90-25564 aviation p 118 A90-26017 IADA21 5287 1 p 123 N90-17268 A Comparison of communication modes for delivery of ACCELERATION STRESSES (PHYSIOLOGY) Outfitting of the crew health care system lor the Space air traffic control clearance amendments in transport New perspectives in the treatment of hypoxic and Station Freedom category aircraft p 153 A90-26236 ischemic brain damage - Effect of gangliosides [SAE PAPER 8914761 p 157 A9027444 Defin ng man-machine interlace requirements for air p 115 A9024435 Environmental quality and occupational health Special traffic control static inlormation displays ACCELERATION TOLERANCE Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) p 154 A9026303 Guidelines for safe human exposure to impact I AD-A2147381 p 121 N90-17259 Human factors in ATC operations - Anticipatory acceleration, update A The research program at the Civil Aeromedical Institute cI ea r a n c es p 138 A90-26304 I AD-A215287 I p 123 N90-17268 concerning protective breathing equipment for use by crew Analysis of air traffic control operating irregularities ACCIDENT PREVENTION and passengers in an aviation smokelfume environment p 138 A90-26305 Analyzing knowledge deficiencies in pilot performance p 167 N90-17616 ATC :ontrol and communications problems . An p 128 A90-26182 Aerospace medicine and biology A continuing overview of recent ASRS data p 139 A90-26307 Testing for potential problem pilots and human error in bibliography with indexes (supplement 333) Where's the workload in air tralfic control? the cockpit p 133 A90-26256 I NASA-SP-701l(333) I p 125 N90-18136 p 139 A9026308

A- 1 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS (PERSONNEL) SUBJECT INDEX

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS (PERSONNEL) AIRCRAFT LANDING ALTITUDE SIMULATION Pilot judgment in TCA related flight planning Transfer of landing skills in beginning flight training Vascular response of retinal arteries and veins to acute p 131 A90-26230 p 129 A90 26190 hypoxia of 8000, 10,000 12 500 and 15,000 feet of Human factors in ATC operations . Anticipatory Ground-texture information for aimpoint estimation simulated altitude p 1 14 A90 24428 clearances p 138 A90 26304 p 136 A90-26282 Psychological study on mood states of altitude chamber Multi media authoring Instruction and training of air AIRCRAFT LIGHTS personnel before their chamber mission traffic controllers based on ASRS incident reports Electroluminescent lights for formation flights p 128 A90 26123 p 138 A9026306 p 150 A90-26208 AMINES Where s the workload in air traffic control? AIRCRAFT MANEUVERS Biogenic atninestmetabolic response profiles of pilots p 139 A90 26308 Possibilities of using flight simulators for continuous . An approach to study physiological responses AIRBORNE/SPACEBORNE COMPUTERS medical supervision of aircraft personnel p 118 A90 26248 Pathway-in-the sky evaluation military aircraft p 115 A9024759 AMMONIA missions p 149 A90 26205 Interactive real-time formation flight concept trainer Conceptual design of an ammonia synthesizer for space AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION p 149 A90-26201 applications Cockpit resource management skills enhance combat Multidimensional scaling analysis of simulated air ISAE PAPER 891589) p 165 A9027548 mission performance in a B 52 simulator combat maneuvering performance data II - A follow-on ANESTHESIA p 132 A90 26241 study p 139 A9026309 Blood flow and oxygen saturation in the brain of intact Human performancelsystems safety issues in aircraft Predicting Air Combat Maneuvering (ACM) and anesthetized rabbits under antiorthostatic influence accident investigation and prevention performan c e p 143 N90-17294 p 108 A90 24746 p 154 A90 26297 AIRCRAFT PILOTS ANGULAR VELOCITY A human performance re interpretation of factors Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in aviators with contributing to an airline aviation accident recurrent sinus barotrauma p 115 A90 24433 Angular velocity discrimination p 139 A9027635 p 138 A90 26298 Possibilities of using flight simulators for continuous ANOXIA The psychological profile in aircraft accident medical supervision of aircraft personnel The importance of pathophysiological parameters in fire investigation p 138 A90 26299 p 115 A90 24759 modelling of aircraft accidents p 125 N90-17618 Exploratory experience in mental process in some Pilot-vehicle analysis of multiaxs tasks ANTARCTIC REGIONS airplane accidents due to human factors p 127 A90-25996 Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in p 138 A90 26300 Change in saliva cortisol level of F 15 fighter pilots flying antarctica Analysis of air traffic control operating irregularities several training missions p 118 A90-26124 IAD-A2166791 p 126 N90-t8142 p 138 A90 26305 Results of upper digestive tract examination of physical ANTHROPOLOGY AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS examination for flying in aged pilots p 118 A90-26126 Pareto optimization design techniques for the AFlT (Air Analyzing knowledge deficiencies in pilot performance A review of airline sponsored ab initio pilot training in Force Institute of Techno1ogy)lAAMRL (Armstrong p 128 A90 26182 Europe p 128 A90-26180 Aeronautical Medical Research Laboratory) Readability improvements of emergency checklists The manufacturer's role in training program development anthropomorphic robotic manipulator in civil aviation p 151 A90 26214 --- for aircraft pilots p 149 A90-26188 IAD-AZ16t 78 I p 168 N90-18150 General aviation pilot perceptions of deteriorating A 0 sort assessment of flight instruction as an ANTIDIURETICS weather conditions p 131 A9026229 occupational choice by B S degree seeking aviation Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure Beyond CRM to decisional heuristics An airline students. Progress report p 130 A90-26198 in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide generated model to examine accidents and incidents Instrument scanning and sublective workload with the IAD-A2159861 p 113 N9018134 caused by crew errors in deciding --.Cockpit Resource Peripheral Vision Horizon Display p 152 A90-26219 ANTIGRAVITY Management p 131 A90 26237 Pilollsurgeon inflight decislon making A study of the Physiologic correlales of protection afforded by anti-G The U S naval aircrew coordination training program integration of aviation and operating room cognitive suits p 114 A9024427 p 132 A90-26240 skills p 131 A90 26227 ANTIOXIDANTS Rates and risk factors for accidents and incidents versus Sanity common sense and air safety Keys lo violations for U S airmen p 138 A90-26302 Promotion of a new radioprotective antioxidative agent understanding pilot error p 131 A90-26232 p 109 A90-25334 Multimedia authoring Instruction and training of air A comparison of cockpit communication 0737 - 0757 ANTIRADIATION DRUGS traffic controllers based on ASRS incident reports p 131 A90-26233 p 138 A90 26306 Personality based clusters as predictors of aviator Promotion of a new radioprotective antioxidative agent p 109 A9025334 Review of serious aircraft accidents in the Belgian Air attitudes and performance p 135 A90 26273 Force Causes and comparison with selection data In flight and post flight assessment of pilot workload in ANXIETY p 140 N90 17277 commercial transport aircraft using SWAT --- Subjective Psychological study on mood states of altitude chamber Accidents in fighter aircraft caused by human factors Workload Assessment Technique p 137 A90 26292 personnel before their chamber mission Why do they occur p 140 N90 17278 Peripheral nervous velocity of conduction in fighter p 128 A90-26123 Psychological reactions of pilots involved in accidents pilots p 142 N90-17287 Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving in the Swedish Air Force p 140 N90 17279 Principle guidelines for the psychological screening of smoke and fire p 146 N90-17613 The descent from the Olimpus The effect of accidents candidate pilots for the Belgian Air Force Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in on aircrew survivors p 141 N90-17280 p 143 N90-17292 antarctica The importance of pathophysiological parameters in fire Proximity compatibility and information display The I AD A21 6679 I p 126 N90-18142 modelling of aircraft accidents p 125 N90 17618 effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall APTITUDE AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATION conditions Measuring learning ability by dynamic testing A comparison of communication modes for delivery of IAD-AZ144881 p 166 N90 17309 I AD A21 5273 I p 145 N90-17304 air traffic control clearance amendments in transport Prescribing spectacles for aviators ARCHITECTURE (COMPUTERS) category aircraft p 153 A9026236 I AD-A214830 I p 166 N90-17310 NASAINBS reference model --- of Telerobot Control AIRCRAFT COMPARTMENTS AIRCRAFT SAFETY System Architecture p 147 A90 23914 Time dependent sampling and tough input accuracy Human performancelsystems safety issues in aircraft AROUSAL Why the first touch is different from the first kiss -- accident investlgation and prevention Causes of aircrew error in the Royal Air Force display devices in aircraft cockpits p 151 A90 26215 p 154 A90-26297 p 140 N90-17276 Cabin crew and super long haul flight Preliminary ATC control and communications problems An findings p 132 A90 26247 overview of recent ASRS data p 139 A90 26307 ARTERIES Method for the evaluation of toxicity of combustion Modelling time to incapacitation and death from toxic Effect of unilateral carotid-artery occlusion on the cerebral blood flow in rats exposed to hypoxia products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and and physical hazards in aircraft fires results p 124 N90 17612 p 125 N90-17619 p 108 A90 24749 Smokehoods donned quickly The impact of donring AIRLINE OPERATIONS Emotional stress, postural regulation of blood circulation. smokehoods on evacuation times p 167 N90 17614 A review of airline sponsored ab initio pilot training in and some discrepancies in the concepts of arterial AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Europe p 128 A90 26180 hypertrophy pathogenesis p ti0 A90 26379 Method for the evaluation of toxicity of cornbustion Readability improvements of emergency checklists -. Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and in civil aviation p 151 A90-26214 in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide results p 124 N90-17612 AL C0 H0 LS I AD-A215986 I p 113 N90-18134 AIRCRAFT CONTROL Use of flight simulators to investigate the effects of ARTIFICIAL GRAVITY Man-machine interface problems in designing air traffic alcohol and other drugs on pilot Performance I Artificial gravity as a countermeasure in long-duration control systems p 148 A9025564 p 149 A9026199 manned space flight p 116 A90-24817 Is VERTIGUARD the answer? for fighter aircraft Use of flight simulators to investigate the effects of Physiological parameters of artificial gravity control during pilot spatial disorientation alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance II p 116 A90 24818 p 151 A90 26213 p 130 A90 26200 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE The processing demands of tracking strategies in ALGORITHMS Pilot training - Artificial intelligence vs pilot intelligence aircraft p 137 A90 26289 Exploratory research and development. The U S Army p 153 A90-26226 AIRCRAFT DESIGN aviator candidate classification algorithm Artificial intelligence application to advanced ECLS The manufacturer s role in training program development p 134 A9026263 systems . for aircraft pilots p 149 A90 26188 Comparison of training performance criteria for USAF [SA€ PAPER 891503 I p 158 A90 27470 AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS pilot selection and classification p 134 A90-26267 Pathway in the sky evaluation --. military aircraft ALTITUDE CONTROL Payload invariant control via neural networks missions p 149 A90 26205 The effect of changes in edge and flow rates on altitude Development and experimental evaluation Are two sources of cockpit information better than control --- in visual flight p 136 A90 26284 IAD A21 5740 I p 146 N90 17306 one? p 152 A90 26221 ALTITUDE SICKNESS Job planning and execution monitoring for a Fitts and Jones analysis of pilot error 40 years later Altitude symptomatology and mood states during a climb human-robot symbiotic system p 133 A9026253 to 3,630 meters p 117 A90 26012 I DE90-004464 I p 167 N90-17315

A-2 SUBJECT INDEX BLOOD VESSELS

ASSIMILATION Performance evaluation in full-mission simulation - Evolution of Space Station - Life sciences program and Regulation of nitrogen uptake and assimilation: Effects Methodological advances and research challenges ._.in facilities of nitrogen source. root-zone pH. and aerial C02 air transport operations p 128 A90-26178 I SAE PAPER 891474 I p 110 A90-27442 concentration on growth and productivity of soybeans Crew workload management strategies - A critical factor Aerospace medicine and biology A continuing I NASA-CR-177546 I p 168 N90-18147 in system performance p 128 A90-26179 bibliography with indexes (Supplement 333) ASTRONAUTS Dual career military reserve aircrewmembers - Human I NASA-SP-701l(333) I p 125 N90-18136 Periodic acceleration stimulation in space factors impact on aviation safety p 130 A90-26196 Aerospace medicine and biology A continuing I SAE PAPER 891 434 I p 119 A90-27405 Symbology development for tactical situation displays bibliography with indexes (supplement 331) ATAXIA p 150 A90-26206 INASA-SP-7011(331)1 p 125 N90-18137 Simulator sickness in the AH-IS (Cobra) flight When training boomerangs - Negative outcomes BIODYNAMICS simulator associated with Cockpit Resource Management Influence of 7 days of hindlimb suspension and IAD-A2145621 p 121 N90-17254 programs p 135 A90-26274 intermittent weight support on rat muscle mechanical ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION Flight safety . A personality-profile-baseddesignation properties p 110 A90-26010 Atmospheric Composition Monitor Assembly for Space of ab initio helicopter flight training instructors and Human factors in the naval environment A review of Station Freedom EnvironmentalControl and Life Support instructor-traineecoupling p 135 A9026275 motion sickness and biodynamic problems System lntercorrelations among physiological and sublective IAD-A2147331 p 121 N90-17258 ISAE PAPER 891451 I p 156 A90-27421 measures of workload p 136 A90-26285 Guidelines for safe human exposure to impact TASKILLAN A simulation to predict the validity of ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE - acceleration. update A multiple resource models of aviation workload Selection of atmospheric pressure for a lunar base - A [ AD-A215287I p 123 N90-17268 p 136 A90-26286 trade off study p 116 A90-24819 Investigation of the effects of external supports on A320 crew workload modelling p 137 A90-26287 manual lifting ATROPHY Workload assessment by secondary tasks and the Atrophy of the soleus muscle by hindlimb unweighting I PR90-1033671 p 166 N90-17307 multidimensionality of human information processing BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS p 107 A90-24395 resources p 138 A90-26295 The 1988-1989 NASA spacelgravitational biology Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle after 15 days The psychological profile in aircraft accident accomplishments of hindlimb suspension p 107 A90-24398 investigation p 138 A90-26299 INASA-TM-4160 I p 113 N90-17251 ATTENTION AVIONICS Method for the evaluation of toxicity of combustion A dynamic model of stress and sustained attention Multisensor integration - A methodological study --- of products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and p 127 A90-25025 information systems p 152 A90-26220 results p 124 N90 17612 A model for visual attention Avionics air cooling for Space Station Freedom Aerospace medicine and biology A continuing I AD-A2145051 p 144 N90-17297 ISAE PAPER 891 459 I p 156 A90-27428 bibliography with indexes (supplement 333) Proximity compatibility and information display: The INASA-SP-701 t(333) I p 125 N90-18136 effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall Aerospace medicine and biology A continuing conditions B bibliography with indexes (supplement 331) IAD-A2144881 p 166 N90-17309 6-52 AIRCRAFT I NASA-SP-701t(331) I p 125 N90-I8137 AUDIO FREQUENCIES Cockpit resource management skills enhance combat BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION Auditory pattern memory. Mechanisms of tonal mission performance in a B 52 simulator The flow of energy natural learning systems and the creation of life on earth p 168 A90 25177 sequence discrimination by human observers p 132 A90-26241 IAD-A214494 1 p 120 N90-17253 The formation of the building blocks of life on the BACKGROUND NOISE AUDITORY PERCEPTION primordial earth p 169 A90-26766 Recognition of environmental sounds Chiral molecules at the origin of life Auditory pattern memory: Mechanisms of tonal IAD-A2149421 p 145 N90-17302 sequence discrimination by human observers p 169 A90-26769 BACTERIA I ADA2144941 p 120 N90-17253 BIOLOGICAL MODELS (MATHEMATICS) Breeding of hydrogen producing anaerobic bacteria An evaluative model of system performance in manned Recognition of environmental sounds Cellulase secretion from transformed Escherichia coli I AD-A2149421 p 145 N90-17302 teleoperational systems p 149 A90-26202 JM109 A320 crew workload modelling p 137 A90 26287 AUDITORY SIGNALS I DE90-7107391 p 113 N90 18133 The use of models lo predict potential contamination Auditory pattern memory. Mechanisms of tonal BANDWIDTH aboard orbital vehicles sequence discrimination by human observers Effectof contralateralmasking parameters on difference I SAE PAPER 891 492 1 p 11 1 A90-27459 I AD-A214494 I p 120 N90-17253 limen for intensity BIOREACTORS Evaluation of two objective measures of effective [AD-A2141691 p 125 N90-18135 Bio-reactor chamber auditory stimulus level BAROTRAUMA INASA-CASE-MSC-20929-1 I p 113 N90 17252 1 AD-A214669 I p 121 N90-17255 Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in aviators with BIOSPHERE AUDITORY STIMULI recurrent sinus barotrauma p 115 A90-24433 Human in closed ecological system Evaluation of two objective measures of effective The use of tympanometry to detect aerotitis media in p 148 A90-24804 auditory stimulus level hypobaric chamber operations p 117 A90 26016 Biosphere II - Technical overview of a manned closed IAD-A214669 1 p 121 N90-17255 BARRIERS ecological system Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and information The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility as a barrier I SAE PAPER 891599 I p 166 A90-27557 processing in the auditory cortex lo environmental contamination BIOTECHNOLOGY [AD-A216092) p 126 N90-18139 ISAE PAPER 8915171 p 111 A90-27482 Bio-reactor chamber AUTOMATED PILOT ADVISORY SYSTEM I NASA-CASE-MSC-20929-11 p 113 N90-17252 Pilot response lo avoidance regions depicted on BAYARD-ALPERT IONIZATION GAGES Leak detection for Space Station Freedom fluid lines Brfteding of hydrogen producing anaerobic bacteria alternate TCAS II resolution advisory displays Cellulase Secretion from transformed Escherichia coli I SAE PAPER 891448 I p 155 A90-27418 p 152 A90-26223 JM109 AUTOMATIC CONTROL BEARING (DIRECTION) [DE90 7107391 p 113 N90-18133 Heading control and the effects of display NASAINBS reference model --- of Telerobot Control BLOOD System Architecture p 147 A90-23914 characteristics p 130 A90-26210 What do pilots know about the 04 percent BAC rule? An evaluative model of system performance in manned BED REST --- Blood Alcohol Concentration p 132 A90-26245 teleoperational systems p 149 A90-26202 Cardiovascular response to 4 hours of 6-deg head-down Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL tilt or of 30-deg head-up tilt bed rest in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide Training pilots for the automated cockpit p 117 A90-26015 IAD-AZ159861 p 113 N90-18134 p 148 A9026183 BELTS BLOOD CIRCULATION Checklist reading problems in airplanes equipped with Investigation of the effects of external supports on Emotional stress. postural regulationof blood circulation. speech recognition systems manual lifting and some discrepancies in the concepts of arterial IILR-MITT-223(1989) I p 167 N90-17314 I PB90-I03367 I p 166 N90-17307 hypertrophy pathogenesis p 110 A90-26379 AUTOMATIC PILOTS BIBLIOGRAPHIES BLOOD FLOW Is VERTIGUARD the answer? --- for fighter aircraft Publications of the Exobiology Program for 1988 A Bone growth and calcium balance during simulated control during pilot spatial disorientation special bibliography weightlessness in the rat p 107 A90 24396 p 151 A90-26213 INASA TM 4169 I p 169 N90 17316 Blood flow and oxygen saturation in the brain of intact STALL validation --.Saturation of Tactical Aviator Load Aerospace medicine and biology A continuing and anesthetized rabbits under antiorthostatic influence Limits p 137 A90-26288 bibliography with indexes (supplement 333) p 108 A90-24746 AUTOMATION INASA-SP-701 l(333) I p 125 N90-18136 Cerebrovascular effects of motion sickness A contextual analysis of pilot decision making Aerospace medicine and biology A continuing p 108 A90-24747 p 131 A90-26228 bibliography with indexes (supplement 331) Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on human AVIATION METEOROLOGY I NASA-SP 7011(331)1 p 125 N90-18137 forearm blood flow p 119 A90-26320 General aviation pilot perceptions of deteriorating BLOOD PLASMA weather conditions p 131 A90-26229 BIOASTRONAUTICS Humans in space Medical challenges Moderate exercise and hemodilution during sleep AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY deprivation p It6 A90-24769 p 114 A90-24432 Trends and individual differences in response lo BLOOD PRESSURE Space immunology Past, present and future short-haul flight operations p 127 A90-24431 - Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure Psychologicalstudy on mood states of altitude chamber p 116 A90-24820 in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide personnel before their chamber mission Motion sickness susceptibility and aerobic fitness - A I AD-A2 15986 I p 113 N90-18134 p 128 A90-26123 longitudinal study p 116 A90-26009 BLOOD VESSELS International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th. Enabling human exploration of space - A life sciences Argiiine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure Columbus, OH, Apr. 17-20. 1989. Proceedings. Volumes overview in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide 182 p 128 A90-26176 I SAE PAPER 891471 I p 119 A90-27439 I AD-A21 5986 I p 113 N90-18134

A-3 BLOOD VOLUME SUBJECT INDEX

BLOOD VOLUME CARBON DIOXIDE CHOLINE Moderate exercise and hemodilution during sleep Mass analysis lor the Space Station ECLSS using the Effect 01 lysophosphatidylcholine on the filtration deprivation p 114 A9024432 balance spreadsheet method coefficient in intact dog lungs p 113 A9027628 BODY SWAY TEST ISAE PAPER 8915021 p 158 A90 27469 CHOLINESTERASE The inlluence of visual cue upon the center of foot CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and information pressure (CFP) and muscle activities in posture control CELSS engineering Proportional control of CO2 using processing in the auditory cortex Under a 1 5 degree visual field condition higher plants I AD A216092 I p 126 N90 18139 p 118 A90 26125 ISAE PAPER 891573 1 p 163 A90-27534 CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS BODYTEMPERATURE CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL A review 01 circadian eflects on selected human Psychological and physiological responses of blacks and Space Station Freedom carbon dioxide removal inlormation processing tasks Caucasians to hand cooling assembly IAD A2146731 p 121 N90-17256 IAD A2156461 p 124 N90 17272 I SAE PAPER 891 449 I p 155 A90 27419 Identifying the circadian cycle in human information processing data using periodicity analysis A synopsis Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response Preliminary evaluation 01 a membrane gas separation [ AD-AZ14674 I p 121 N90-17257 to cold exposure alter cold air acclimation unit for Space Station Freedom atmosphere revitalization lADA216817) p 127 N9O 18144 CIVIL AVIATION subsystem Clinical aspects 01 inflight incapacitations in commercial BODY WEIGHT [ SAE PAPER 891450 I p 156 A9027420 Effect of body weight gain on insulin sensitivity alter aviation p 118 A90-26017 Carbon dioxide and water vapor high temperature retirement from exercise training p 110 A90-26319 Readability improvements of emergency checklists ... electrolysis BONE MINERAL CONTENT in civil aviation p 151 A9026214 [SA€ PAPER 8915061 p 159 A9027473 Bone growth and calcium balance during simulated Aircrew Team Dynamics A comprehensive crew weightlessness in the rat p 107 A90-24396 CO2 processing and 02 reclamation system selection management program for America West Airlines pilots and process lor luture European space programmes Effects 01 simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin flight attendants p 134 A90 26265 (SAE PAPER 8915481 p 162 A9027511 and bone calcium p 112 A90-27627 CLASSIFICATIONS CMlF ECLS system test findings Exploratory research and development The U S Army BOREDOM - I SAE PAPER 891 552 I p 162 A90 27515 Maintaining human productivity during Mars transit aviator candidate classification algorithm I SAE PAPER 891 435 I p 139 A90 27406 Study of advanced system lor air revitalization p 134 A90 26263 [ SAE PAPER 891 575 I p 164 A90 27536 Comparison of training performance criteria for USAF BOXES (CONTAINERS) pilot selection and classification p 134 A90 26267 The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility as a barrier Study of air revitalization system lor Space Station [SA€ PAPER 891 576 I p 164 A90-27537 CLINICAL MEDICINE to environmental contamination Therapeutic effects of antimotion sickness medications ISAE PAPER 8915171 p 11 1 A9027482 Advanced portable life support system component integration and system testing on the secondary symptoms of motion sickness BRAIN I SAE PAPER 8915801 p 164 A9027540 p 115 A90 24434 The protons of space and brain tumors I Clinical and Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system Medical impact analysis for the Space Station dosimetric considerations p 109 A90 25332 for an advanced portable Iile support system p 115 A90 24437 The protons of space and brain tumors II Cellular and ISAE PAPER 8915951 p 165 A9027554 CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS molecular considerations p 109 A90 25333 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Bioregenerative space and terrestrial habitat Activation Positive and negative eflects 01 the alarm Effect 01 hindlimb suspension on cardiovascular p 148 A9024802 system in the brain p 143 N90-17290 responses to sympathomimetics and lower body negative Controlled Ecological Life Support System Breadboard Computing with neural maps Application to perceptual pressure p 108 A90-24399 Project 1988 p 148 A90-24803 and cognitive functions Functioning of the cerebral circulation system in rabbits Methods 01 creating biological life support systems for I AD A216689 I p 126 N90 18143 under hyperthermia p 108 A90 24750 man in space p 148 A90 24805 BRAIN CIRCULATION Cardiovascular response to 4 hours 01 6-deg head down On the representation 01 life-support system models Cerebral tissue oxygen status and psychomotor lilt or 01 30-deg head up tilt bed rest [SAE PAPER 891479) p 157 A90 27447 performance during lower body negative pressure p 117 A90-26015 The impact 01 the water recovery and management (LBNP) p 114 A90 24426 CASE HISTORIES (WRM) subsystem wastewater recovery efficiency upon Blood flow and oxygen saturation in the brain of intact Clinical aspects 01 inflight incapacitations in Commercial the Space Station Freedom ECLSS water balance lSAE PAPER 891482 p 158 A9027449 and anesthetized rabbits under antiorthostatic influence aviation p 118 A90 26017 I p 108 A9024746 Comparison of waste combustion and waste electrolysis Photocatalytic post-treatment in waste water - A systems analysis Cerebrovascular eflects of motion sickness [SAE PAPER 8914851 p 158 A9027452 p 108 A9024747 reclamation systems I SAE PAPER 8915081 p 159 A90 27475 Ecology of micro-organisms in a small closed system Effect of unilateral carotid-artery occlusion on the Development 01 the catalytic oxidizer technology lor the Potential benefits and problems lor Space Station cerebral blood flow in rats exposed to hypoxia lSAE PAPER 891491 I p 111 A90 27458 p 108 A90 24749 European space programme ISAE PAPER 891533 I p 160 A90 27497 Application of bioregenerative subsystems to an Functioning 01 the cerebral circulation system in rabbits CAUSES environmental control and life support system lor a manned under hyperthermia p 108 A90 24750 Review 01 serious aircraft accidents in the Belgian Air Mars sprint mission BRAIN DAMAGE Force Causes and comparison with selection data I SAE PAPER E915041 p 159 A9027471 1 New perspectives in the treatment of hypoxic and p 140 N90-17277 An overview 01 the Space Station Freedom ischemic brain damage - Elfect of gangliosides CELLULOSE environmental health system p 115 A90 24435 Breeding of hydrogen producing anaerobic bacteria I SAE PAPER 891 538 I p 161 A90 27502 I BREADBOARD MODELS Cellulase secretion lrom transformed Escherichia coli Delinition of a near real-time microbiological monitor lor Controlled Ecological Life Support System Breadboard JM109 application in space vehicles Project 1988 p 148 A9024803 I DE90-7107391 p 113 N90 18133 I SAE PAPER 891 541 I p 161 A9027505 BREATHING APPARATUS CENTRIFUGAL FORCE CO2 processing and 02 reclamation system selection The research program at the Civil Aeromedical Institute Periodic acceleration stimulation in space process for luture European space programmes concerning protective breathing equipment lor use by crew ISAE PAPER 891434 I p 119 A90 27405 I SAE PAPER 891548 I p 162 A9027511 and passengers in an aviation smokeflume environment CEPSTRAL ANALYSIS Criteria for evaluating experiments on crop production p 167 N90 17616 A cepstral analysis 01 EEG (Electroencephalographic) in space BREEDING (REPRODUCTION) signals in motion sickness studies I SAE PAPER 891 569 I p 163 A90 27530 Breeding 01 hydrogen producing anaerobic bacteria I AD A21 5663 I p 124 N90 17273 A modeling system for control of the thermal and fluid dynamics of the NASA CELSS Crop Growth Research I Cellulase secretion lrom transformed Escherichia coli CEREBRAL CORTEX JM109 EEG reactions in humans to light flashes 01 various Chamber I DE90 710739 I p 113 N90-18133 frequency p 119 A90-26380 I SAE PAPER 891 570 [ p 163 A90 27531 Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and information Sweet potato growth parameters. yield components and processing in the auditory cortex nutritive value for CELSS applications , C [AD A2160921 p 126 N90-18139 ISAE PAPER 891571 I p 112 A90 27532 I CEREBRALVASCULAR ACCIDENTS Carbon use efficiency in optimal environments - for CABIN ATMOSPHERES Cerebrovascular eflects of motion sickness photosynthesis in CELSS Study of advanced system lor air revitalization p 108 A90 24747 [ SAE PAPER 891 572 I p 112 A90 27533 1 SAE PAPER 891 575 I p 164 A90-27536 CHANGE DETECTION A telescience monitoring and control concept lor a The eflect of changes in edge and flow rates on altitude Medical guidelines lor protecting crews with CELSS plant growth chamber control -.-in visual flight p 136 A90-26284 flame-suppressant atmospheres I SAE PAPER 891 585 I p 165 A90-27544 CHEMICAL EVOLUTION [ SAE PAPER 891 596 I p 120 A90-27555 The formation of the building blocks 01 life on the Atmosphere control lor plant growth flight experiments CALCIUM primordial earth p 169 A9026766 I SAE PAPER 891 587 I p 165 A90-27546 Bone growth and calcium balance during simulated The early emergence of proteins p 169 A9026767 Conceptual design 01 an ammonia synthesizer for space weightlessness in the rat p 107 A9024396 Nucleic acids and the origins of life applications Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle alter 15 days p 169 A90 26768 ISAE PAPER 8915891 p 165 A9047548 of hindlimb suspension p 107 A90-24398 CHEMICAL REACTORS Biosphere II Technical overview of a manned closed CALCIUM METABOLISM Conceptual design of an ammonia synthesizer lor space ecological system Effects of simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin applications I SAE PAPER 891599 I p 166 A90 27557 and bone calcium p 112 A90-27627 lSAE PAPER 8915891 p 165 A90 27548 CLOTHING CARBON CHEMICAL WARFARE Sensations 01 temperature and humidity during Carbon use efficiency in optimal environments --- for Physiological evaluation of men wearing three different intermittent exercise and the influence of underwear knit photosynthesis in CELSS toxicological protective systems structure [SAE PAPER 8915721 p 112 A90-27533 I AD-A215527 I p 3h7 N90-17313 I AD-A2 I5285 I p 123 N90 17266

A-4 SUBJECT INDEX COSMOCHEMISTRY

COCKPITS COLLISION AVOIDANCE COMPUTER PROGRAMS Training pilots lor the automated cockpit Pilot response to avoidance regions depicted on Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWPT) p 148 A90-26183 alternate TCAS II resolution advisory displays A user's guide Training lor advanced cockpit technology aircraft p 152 A90-26223 I AD-A21 5405 I p 167 N90-17:12 p 129 A9026184 COLOR COMPUTER TECHNIQUES Principles of design lor complex displays - A comparative Pilot evaluation of selected colors and scales using a Survey of ERlM approaches applicable to evaluation p 150 A90-26209 digitized map display P 151 A90 26218 semi-automatic target detection and cueing for Touch-accessed device accuracy in the cockpit . Using Proximity compatibility and information display The multispectral and multisensor exploitation high-resolution touch input P 151 A90-26216 effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall I AD ~214241I p 144 N90-17296 Pilot assessment 01 the AH-64 helmet mounted display Feedback effects in computer-based skill learning system P 1 51 A902621 7 COLORpi:afi,!n488 V~S~ON I P 166 N90-17309 AD.A2145601 p 144 N90-17238 COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION Are two sources of cockpit information better than Effect 01 spectral flash on readaptation time Interactive, real-time formation (light concept trainer one? p 152 A90-26221 p 114 A9044430 p 149 A90-26201 Beyond CRM to decisional heuristics - An airline Pilot response to avoidance regions depicted on generated model to examine accidents and incidents alternate TCAS )I resolution advisory displays Development of the CELSS Emulator at NASA JSC caused by crew errors in decidina --- COCkDlt Resource 457 Aqn.PfiP?q ISAE PAPER 8914771 p 157 A9027445 ------__~ Management p 131 A9026237 COLUMBUS SPACE STATION On the representation of life-support system models Key questions lor maximum CRM effectiveness or the Design 01 the Environmental Control and Life Support [SAE PAPER 8914791 p 157 A90-274c7 unaddressed questions in CRM -.Cockpit Resource Systems for the Columbus pressurized modules Effects 01 simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin Management p 132 A90-26238 I SAE PAPER 891 531 1 p 160 A9027495 and bone calcium p 112 A90-27627 CRM validation program p 132 A90 26239 Microbiological contamination control in the Columbus The perceptual buildup of three-dimensional structure Cockpit resource management skills enhance combat project fiom motion mission performanre in a 8-52 Simulator lSAE PAPER 891534 I p 160 A90 27498 I AD-A214640 I p 144 N90-17300 p 132 A90-26241 COMBAT Checklist reading problems in airplanes equipped with Differences in cockpit communication Multidimensional scaling analysis of simulated air soeech recognition systems p 153 A9026255 combat maneuvering performance data II A lollow-on I ILR-MITT-223(1989) I p 167 N90-17314 Testing for potential problem pilots and human error in study p 139 A90 26309 CONFERENCES the cockpit p 133 A90 26256 Predicting Air Combat Maneuvering (ACM) International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th Personality based clusters as predictors of aviator performance p 143 N90-17294 Columbus, OH, Apr 17-20. 1989. Proceedings. Volumes attitudes and performance p 135 A90-26273 COMBUSTION 182 p 128 A90-26176 When training boomerangs Negative outcomes - Comparison of waste combustion and waste electrolysis Proceedings 01 the 17th Conference on Toxicology associated with Cockpit Resource Management - A systems analysis IAD-A2150761 p 122 N90-17263 programs p 135 A9026274 I SAE PAPER 891485 I p 158 A90 27452 COGNITION Workshop on the Effects of Combined Fire Product!; COMBUSTION PRODUCTS ori Human Physiological and Psychological Performance Pilot training Artificial intelligence vs pilot intelligence Workshop on the Effects of Combined Fire Products PD-A215465 p 123 N90-17270 p 153 A90-26226 I I on Human Physiological and Psychological Performance Pilollsurgeon inllight decision making - A study of the CONTAMINANTS IAD-AZ154651 p 123 N90-17270 integration 01 aviation and operating room cognitive The rodent Research Animal Holding Facblity as a barrier skills p 131 A90-26227 Method for the evaluation 01 toxicity of combustion lo environmental contamination WllNDEX A crew workload prediction tool products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and ISAE PAPER 8915171 p 11 1 A90-27482 p 154 A90-26296 results p 124 N90-17612 CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN Causes 01 aircrew error in the Royal Air Force Modelling time to incapacitation and death from toxic Manual control of the Langley Laboratory telerobotic p 140 N90 17276 and physical hazards in aircraft fires manipulator p 147 A9024022 Feedback effects in computer-based skill learning p 125 N90-17619 Man-machine interface problems in designing air traffic IAD-A2145601 p 144 N90 17298 COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT control systems p 148 A9025564 Measures of subjective variables in visual cognition Training pilots lor the automated cockpit -\me-dependent sampling and tough-input accuracy - I AD-A215084 I p 145 N90-17303 p 148 A90-26183 Why the 'first touch' is different from the 'first kiss' --. Measuring learning ability by dynamic testing The manufacturer s role in training program development disolay devices in aircraft cockpits p 151 A9026215 IAD-AZ152731 p 145 N90-17304 .. lor aircralt pilots p 149 A90 26188 Space Station Freedom active internal thermal control Computing with neural maps Application to perceptual In-flight and post flight assessment of pilot workload in system - A descriptive overview and cognitive functions commercial transport aircraft using SWAT - Subjective I SAE PAPER 891458 I p 156 A90-27427 IAD A2166891 p 126 N90-18143 Workload Assessment Technique p 137 A90 26292 Artificial intelligence application to advanced ECLS Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response COMPENSATORY TRACKING systems to cold exposure alter cold air acclimation The elfects 01 control order feedback practce. and ISAE PAPER 8915031 p 158 A90-27470 [AD-A216817 1 p 127 N90~18144 input device on tracking performance and perceived lrivestigation of humidity control via membrane COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY workload p 137 A9026294 separation for advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Eflects of heat stress on cognitive and psychomotor COMPOSTING application performance, with and without head cooling A system lor recycling organic materials in a microgravity ISAE PAPER 8915071 p 159 A90-27474 p 118 A90 26243 environment p 147 A90-24801 A modeling system for control of the thermal and fluid Exploring situational awareness A review and the dynamics 01 the NASA CELSS Crop Growth Research COMPRESSIBILITY effects of stress on rectilinear normalization --- aircraft pilot Chamber Insulation compressibility and absorbency of performance p 134 A9026266 I SAE PAPER 891 570 I p 163 A90-27531 The effects of cognitive workload on peripheral vision undergarments CONTROL THEORY I AD A215944 p 168 N90-18149 p 135 A90 26279 I The effects of control order, feedback. practice. and COLD ACCLIMATIZATION COMPUTATION input device on tracking performance and perceived Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response Complexity of human language comprehension workload p 137 A90-26294 to cold exposure alter cold air acclimation IAD-A214591 I p 144 N90-17299 CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES I AD-AZ16817 I p 127 N90-18144 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN A rationale for atmospheric monitoring on Space Station COLD TOLERANCE Design overview -- of Flight Telerobotic Servicer Freedom Metabolic effects of exposure to hypoxia plus cold at system p 147 A90-23912 ISAE: PAPER 8915141 p 160 A90-27480 rest and during exercise in humans p 119 A90-26322 Evolution and advanced technology ... of Flight BkF . An advanced ecological concept for air quality Pre-treatment with tyrosine reverses hypothermia Telerobotic Servicer p 147 A90-23915 control induced behavioral depression DAWN (Design Assistant Workstation) lor advanced I SAE: PAPER 891 535 I p 161 A90-27499 I AD A21521 1 I p 123 N90-17265 physical-chemical life support systems Atmosphere control lor plant growth flight experiments Sensations of temperature and humidity during [SAE PAPER 891481 1 p 157 A9027448 ISAE PAPER 8915871 p 165 A90-27546 intermittent exercise and the influence of underwear knit Development 01 a preprototype Advanced Regulation 01 nitrogen uptake and assimilation Elfects structure Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AEMU) regenerable life of nitrogen source, root-zone pH, and aerial CO2 IAD-AZ15285 I p 123 N90 17266 support subsystem - A progress report ConcZntration on growth and productivity of soybeans Psychological and physiological responses 01 blacks and I SAE PAPER 891 579 I p 164 A90 27539 I NASA-CR-177546 I p 168 N90-18147 Caucasians to hand cooling COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION COOLING I AD-A21 5646 I p 124 N90-17272 Feedback effects in computer-based skill learning Pre-treatment with tyrosine reverses hypothermia COLD WATER I AD-A214560 I p 144 N90 17298 induced behavioral depression Use 01 sell induced hypnosis to modify thermal balance IAD-A2152ll p 123 N90-17265 A comparison of microcomputer training methods and I during cold water immersion CORNEA-- [AD A2161561 p 126 N90-18140 ;i~-~~163491Structural alterations in the cornea from exposure to Insulation compressibility and absorbency of dry suit 146 N90 infrared radiation undergarments COMPUTER GRAPHICS I AD-A21 5340 I p 123 N90 17269 Ground texture information for aimpoint estimation I AD-A2 15944 I p 168 N90-18149 CORTISONE COLD WEATHER p 136 A90-26282 A study on measuring mental workload II Mental load Some practical advice on cold weather clothing Results and applications of a space suit range of-motion and salivary cortisol level p 127 A90-26122 I AD A21 5936 I p 168 N90-18148 study Change in saliva cortisol level 01 F-15 fighter pilots flying COLLIMATION I SAE PAPER 891592 I P 165 A90 27551 several training missions p 118 A90-26124 An empirical investigation of the effect of virtual 3 D components of a biological neural network visualized COSMOCHEMISTRY collimated displays on visual performance in computer generated imagery I - Macular receptive field Inte-stellar and circumstellar molecules and elements p 154 A90-26283 organization p 112 A90 27611 necessary lor life p 168 A90 26762

A-5 COST ANALYSIS SUBJECT INDEX

COST ANALYSIS Beyond CRM to decisional heuristics An airline Proximity compatibility and inlormation display The Selection of atmospheric pressure for a lunar base - A generated model to examine accidents and incidents effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall trade off study p 116 A90-24819 caused by crew errors in deciding -- Cockpit Resource conditions CREW PROCEDURES (INFLIGHT) Management p 131 A90-26237 I AD-A214488 I p 166 N90 17309 In the beginning - Ab initio training for tiltrotor crews The effects of extended-operations of inferential Attenuating the luminous output of the ANIPVS-5A night p 133 A9046261 multi-cue judgment p 133 A90-26250 vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity Causes of aircrew error in the Royal Air Force Multi-media authoring - Instruction and training of air I AD-A214895 I p 166 N90-17311 p 140 N90-17276 traffic controllers based on ASRS incident reports Sensitivity of the peripheral vision to simulated aircraft Reactions to emergency situations in actual and p 138 A90-26306 ascent and descent p 146 N90 18145 simulated flight p 141 N90-17283 Expertise. stress. and pilot judgment DISTILLATION CREW WORKSTATIONS p 141 N90-17284 Water recovery by vapor compression distillation --- for A contextual analysis of pilot decision making Space Station ECLSS Job planning and execution monitoring for a p 131 A90-26228 ISAE PAPER 891444 I p 155 A9027415 human-robot symbiotic system Intercorrelations among physiological and subjective DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT I DE90-004464 I p 167 N90-17315 measures of workload p 136 A9046285 Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem evaluation - Crew system dynamics - Combining humans and DECOMPOSITION Microbiological analysis of system hardware, pretreatment automation Breeding of hydrogen producing anaerobic bacteria solutions and product water ISAE PAPER 8915301 p 160 A9027494 Cellulase secretion from transformed Escherichia coli ISAE PAPER 891551 I p 162 A90-27514 CREWS JM109 Applicability of membrane distillation method to space Environmental quality and occupational health Special I DE90-710739 I p 113 N90-18133 experimental waste water treatment Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS ISAE PAPER 8915781 p 164 A90-27538 I AD-AZt47381 p I21 N90-17259 Potential for reduction of decompression sickness by DIVING (UNDERWATER) CROP GROWTH prebreathing with 100 percent oxygen while exercising Statistically based decompression tables 5 A modeling system for control of the thermal and fluid I SA€ PAPER 891490 I p 120 A90-27457 Haldane-Vann models for air diving dynamics of the NASA CELSS Crop Growth Research Decompression sickness risks for European EVA (AD-A214934) p 122 N90-17261 Chamber I SAE PAPER 891546 I p 120 A90-27509 Use of self-induced hypnosis to modify thermal balance I SAE PAPER 891 570 I p 163 A90-27531 Statisticallv based decomoression tables 5 durinq cold water immersion Sweet potato growth parameters. yield components and Haldane-Vann models for air diving IADA2161561 p 126 N90-18140 nutritive value for CELSS applications I ADA21 4934 I p 122 N90-17261 Insulation. compressibility and absorbency of dry suit I SAE PAPER 891571 I p 12 DEHUMIDIFICATION undergarments Carbon use efficiency in optimal environments --- for Investigation of humidity control via membrane I AD-APf59441 p 168 N90-18149 photosynthesis in CELSS separation for advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) DRUGS ISAE PAPER 8915721 P 112 A90-27533 aoolication New perspectives in the treatment of hvpoxic and Regulation of nitrogen uptake and assimilation Effects I SiE PAPER 891507 I p 159 A9027474 ischemic brain damage - Effect of gangliosides of nitrogen source, root-zone pH. and aerial C02 DEPERSONALIZATION p 115 A9024435 concentration on growth and productivity of soybeans Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving Use of flight simulators to investigate the effects of I NASA-CR-t 77546 I p 168 N90-18147 smoke and fire p 146 N90-17613 alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance II CROP VIGOR DESCENT TRAJECTORIES p 130 A90-26200 Criteria for evaluating experiments on crop production DYNAMIC MODELS in space Effect of emergent detail on descent-rate estimations in flight simulators p 153 A9026278 A dynamic model of stress and sustained attention ISAE PAPER 8915691 p 163 A90-27530 n 197 AOn.96nDE. - . . .-- -I-_- CULTURE TECHNIQUES DESIGN ANALYSIS DYNAMIC RESPONSE Bio-reactor chamber Principles of design for complex displays - Acomparative Effect of hypoxia on V02 kinetics during pseudorandom INASA-CASE-MSC-20929-1 I p 113 N90-17252 p 150 binary sequence exercise p 117 A90-26014 CYBERNETICS- . - -. .. .- . . - Space station wardroom habitability and equipment Computing with neural maps: Application to perceptual study and cognitive functions I NASA-CR-4246 I p 166 N90-17308 E I AD-A216689 I p 126 N90-18143 DETECTION Survey of ERlM approaches applicable to EAR PRESSURE TEST semi-automatic target detection and cueing for The use of tympanometry to detect aerotitis media in D multispectral and mullisensor exploitation hypobaric chamber operations p 117 A90-26016 IAD-A214241 I p 144 N90 17296 EAR PROTECTORS DATA ACQUISITION DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Evaluation of two objective measures of effective Space Station phase 111 Environmental Control and Life Results of upper digestive tract examination of physical auditory stimulus level Support System. test bed control and data acquisition examination for flying in aged pilots p 118 A90-26126 IAD A2146691 p 121 N90-17255 system design DIGITAL DATA EARDRUMS I SAE PAPER 891 556 I p 163 A90 27518 Pilot evaluation of selected colors and scales using a The use of tympanometry to detect aerotitis media in Measurement of the impulse response of the human digitized map display p 151 A90-26218 hypobaric chamber operations p 117 A90-26016 Results and applications of a space suit range-ol-motion visual system using correlation techniques EDUCATION study I AD-A215667 I p 124 N90-17274 Multimedia authoring - Instruction and training of air ISAE PAPER 8915921 p 165 A90 27551 DATA PROCESSING traffic controllers based on ASRS incident reports DIRECTIONAL CONTROL Workload assessment by secondary tasks and the Heading control and the effects of display p 138 A90 26306 multidimensionality of human information processing characteristics p 130 A90 26210 Flight crew training for fire fighting resources p 138 A9026295 DISORIENTATION p 146 N90-17615 A review of circadian effects on selected human Is VERTIGUARD the answer? ..- for fighter aircraft ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY information processing tasks control during pilot spatial disorientation Therapeutic effects of antimotion sickness medications [AD-A2146731 p 121 N90-17256 p 151 A90-26213 on the secondary symptoms of motion sickness Identifying the circadian cycle in human information Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving p 115 A90-24434 processing data using periodicity analysis A synopsis smoke and fire p 146 N90-17613 EEG-reactions in humans to light flashes of various I AD-A2 14674 I p 121 N90-17257 DISPLAY DEVICES frequency p 119 A90-26380 DATA SAMPLING Display principles. control dynamics. and environmental An exploratory analysis of motion sickness data A time Time-dependent sampling and tough-input accuracy - factors in pilot performance and transfer of training series approach Why the 'first touch' is different from the 'first kiss' .-- p 149 A90-26191 IAD-A2155341 p 123 N90-17271 display devices in aircraft cockpits p 151 A90-26215 Pathway-in-the-sky evaluation ..- military aircraft A cepstral analysis of EEG (Electroencephalographic) DATA SIMULATION missions p 149 A90-26205 signals in motion sickness studies Evaluation of simulation techniques of Synthetic Frame of reference for electronic maps - The relevance IAD-A21 5663 I p 124 N90-17273 Aperture Radar images for inclusion in weapon systems of spatial cognition. mental rotation. and componential task Measurement of the impulse response of the human trainers p 150 A90-26211 analysis p 150 A90-26207 visual system using correlation techniques Principles of design for complex displays - A comparative DEATH I AD-A21 5667 I p 124 N90 17274 evaluation p 150 A90 26209 The investigation of particulate matter in the lungs of ELECTROLUMINESCENCE Heading control and the effects of display smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-17617 Electroluminescent lights for formation flights characteristics p 130 A90 26210 The importance of pathophysiological parameters in fire p 150 A90-26208 modelling of aircraft accidents p 125 N90-17618 Time-dependent sampling and tough-input accuracy . Why the 'first touch' is different from the 'first kiss' --. ELECTROLYSIS Modelling time to incapacitation and death from toxic display devices in aircraft cockpits p 151 A90-26215 Feasibility of a common electrolyzer for Space Station and physical hazards in aircraft fires Instrument scanning and subjective workload with the Freedom -- life support systems p 125 N90-17619 Peripheral Vision Horizon Display p 152 A90-26219 [SAE PAPER 8914841 p 158 A9027451 DECISION MAKING Are two sources of cockpit information better than Comparison of waste combustion and waste electrolysis Pilotlsurgeon inflight decision making . A study of the one7 p 152 A90-26221 - A systems analysis integration of aviation and operating room cognitive An empirical investigation of the effect of virtual I SA€ PAPER 891485 I p 158 A90-27452 skills p 131 A90-26227 collimated displays on visual performance Carbon dioxide and water vapor high temperature A contextual analysis of pilot decision making p 154 A90-26283 electrolysis p 131 A9026228 Defining man-machine interface requirements for air I SA€ PAPER 891 506 I p 159 A90-27473 Pilot judgment in TCA-related flight planning traffic control static inlormation displays Electrochemical incineration of wastes P 131 A90-26230 p 154 A9026303 ISAE PAPER 8915101 p 159 A90-27477 SUBJECT INDEX FEEDBACK CONTROL

ELECTROMYOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING EXPOSURE Use of quantitative electromyography (EMG) in the An overview of the Space Station Freedom Safety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for evaluation of fatigue associated with pressure glove environmental health system oculometer eye/head tracker system work ISAE PAPER 891538 I p 161 A90-27502 (AD-A2158091 p 125 N90 18138 [SAE PAPER 8914731 p 120 A90 27441 ENZYME ACTIVITY EXTRATERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS EMERGENCIES Skeletal muscle adaptation in rats flown on Cosmos Publications of the Exobiology Program for 1988 A Readability improvements of emergency checklists ..- 1667 p 107 A9024397 special bibliography in civil aviation p 151 A90-26214 EPIDEMIOLOGY I NASA-TM 4169 I p 169 N90 17316 Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving Rates and risk factors lor accidents and incidents versus EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE smoke and fire p 146 N90-17613 violations for U S airmen p 138 A90-26302 Interstellar and circumstellar molecules and elements Smokehoods donned quickly The impact of donning ERROR ANALYSIS necessary for life p 168 A90-26762 Fitts and Jones analysis of pilot error 40 years later smokehoods on evacuation times p 167 N90-I7614 - Publications of the Exobiology Program for 1988 A p 133 A90-26253 Flight crew training for fire lighting special bibliography ERRORS I NASA-TM-4169 1 p 169 N90 17316 p 146 N90-17615 Causes of aircrew error in the Royal Air Force EXTRATERRESTRIAL RADIATION EMOTIONAL FACTORS p 140 N90-17276 Response 01 Carausius morosus to spaceflight Emotional stress. postural regulation of blood circulation. ESCAPE SYSTEMS environment p 109 A90-25331 and some discrepancies in the concepts of arterial Smokehoods donned quickly The impact of donning hypertrophy pathogenesis p It0 A90-26379 smokehoods on evacuation times p 167 N90-17614 Preliminary analyses of space radiation protection for EMOTIONS ETHYL ALCOHOL lunar base surface systems Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in What do pilots know about the 04 percent 0AC rule? 1 SAE PAPER 891487 I p 120 A90-27454 antarctica --- Blood Alcohol Concentration p 132 A9026245 EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY [AD A2166791 p 126 N90 18142 EUROPEANSPACE AGENCY NASA s first dexterous space robot ENVIRONMENT SIMULATORS Development activities for the European EVA Space Suit p 147 A90-23911 Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System (ESSS) A human factors evaluation of Extravehicular Activity System Test Facility at Marshall Space Flight Center I SAE PAPER 8915441 p 162 A90-27508 gloves ISAE PAPER 8915551 p 163 A90-27517 EUROPEANSPACEPROGRAMS I SAE PAPER 891 472 I p 157 A90 27440 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL Development of the catalytic oxidizer technology for the Decompression sickness risks for European EVA Thermal management and environmental control of European space programme I SAE PAPER 891 546 I p 120 A90-27509 hypersonic vehicles [SAE PAPER 8915331 p 160 A90-27497 Performance evaluation of advanced space suit I SAE PAPER 891440 I p 154 A90-27411 C02 processing and 02 reclamation system selection concepts for Space Station Atmospheric Composition Monitor Assembly for Space process for future European space programmes [SAE PAPER 891591 I p 165 A90 27550 Station Freedom Environmental Control and Life Support [SAE PAPER 8915481 p 162 A90-27511 Results and applications of a space suit range-of-motion System EVACUATING study I SAE PAPER 891451 ] p 156 A90-27421 Smokehoods donned quickly The impact Of donning I SAE PAPER 891 592 I p 165 A90-27551 Vacuum resource provision for Space Station smokehoods on evacuation times p 167 N90-17614 Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system Freedom EVALUATION for an advanced portable life support system [SAE PAPER 891453) p 156 A90-27423 Pilot evaluation of selected colors and scales using a I SAE PAPER 891595 I p 165 A90-27554 Development of the CELSS Emulator at NASA JSC digitized map display p 151 A90 26218 EXTRAVEHICULAR MOBILITY UNITS [SAE PAPER 8914771 p 157 A90-27445 EVOKED RESPONSE (PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY) Investigation of humidity control via membrane performance simulation of environmental control Pilot response to avoidance regions depicted on separation lor advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) systems with interface oriented modelling technique application ISAE PAPER 8914781 p 157 A90-27446 alternate TCAS fl resolulion advisory displays p 152 A90-26223 lSAE PAPER 891507 I p 159 A90 27474 Microgravity sensitivities for Space Station ECLS Development of a preprototype Advanced Evaluation of two oblective measures of effective subsystems Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AEMU) regenerable life auditory stimulus level ISAE PAPER 8914831 p 158 A90-27450 support subsystem A progress report I AD-A214669 I p 121 N90-17255 Feasibility of a common electrolyzer for Space Station ISAE PAPER 891579 I p 164 A9027539 Freedom .--life support systems EVOLUTION (DEVELOPMENT) Advanced portable life support system component Publications the Exobiology Program for 1988 A [SAE PAPER 8914841 p 158 A90-27451 of integration and system testing System level design analyses for the Space Station special bibliography I SAE 'APER 891 580 I p 164 A90-27540 Environmental Control and Life Support System I NASA-TM-4169 I p 169 N90-17316 Thermal sink for the advanced extravehicular mobility ISAE PAPER 891 500 1 p 158 A9047467 EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY unit portable life support system Mass analysis for the Space Station ECLSS using the Moderate exercise and hemodilution during sleep [SA€ PAPER 891581 I p 164 A90-27541 balance spreadsheet method deprivation p 114 A90-24432 A helmet mounted display demonstration unit for a Space I SAE PAPER 891502 1 p 158 A90-27469 Effect of body weight gain on insulin sensitivity after Station application Artificial intelliaence aoolication to advanced ECLS retirement from exercise training p 110 A90-26319 [ SAE PAPER 891583 1 p 164 A90-27543 systems Metabolic effects of exposure to hypoxia plus cold at EYE (ANATOMY) I SAE PAPER 891 503 I p 158 A9027470 rest and during exercise in humans p 119 A90 26322 Development of a performance-based test of gaze Application of bioregenerative subsystems to an Temperature regulation during upper body exercise Able capability A threshold approach environmental control and life support system lor a manned bodied and spinal cord injured I AD A21 4675 ] p 145 N90-17301 Mars sprint mission I AD-A215130 I p 122 N90-17264 Attenuating the luminous outputof IheAN/PVS-5A night ISAE PAPER 8915041 p 159 A90-27471 vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity The challenge of internal contamination in spacecraft, EXOBIOLOGY The early emergence of proteins p 169 A90-26767 1 AD A21 4895 I p 166 N90 17311 stations. and planetary bases Safety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for Nucleic acids and the origins of life ISAE PAPER 8915121 p 111 A9027478 oculometer eyelhead tracker system p 169 A9026768 Design of the Environmental Control and Life Support I ADA21 5809 I p 125 N90 18138 Publications of the Exobiology Program 1988 A Systems for the Columbus pressurized modules for Computing with neural maps Application to perceptual ISAE PAPER 891531 I p 160 A90-27495 special bibliography and cognitive functions I NASA-TM-4169 p 169 N90-17316 BAF . An advanced ecological concept for air quality 1 IAD-A216689 I p 126 N90-18143 control Aerospace medicine and biology A continuing EYE MOVEMENTS I SAE PAPER 891 535 I p 161 A90-27499 bibliography with indexes (supplement 333) Safety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for Air loop concepts for environmental control and life I NASA-SP-7011(333)1 p 125 N90-18136 oculometer eyelhead tracker system support Aerospace medicine and biology A continuing [AD A21 5809 1 p 125 N90 18138 ISAE PAPER 891537 I p 161 A90-27501 bibliography with indexes [supplement 331) EYEPIECES Microbial identification system for Space Station [NASA-SP-701l(331)l p 125 NW-18137 Prescribing spectacles for aviators Freedom EXPERIMENT DESIGN I ADA21 4830 I p 166 N90-17310 [SAE PAPER 8915401 p 161 A90-27504 Method for the evaluation of toxicity of combustion The development status of the Hermes environmental products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and control and life support subsystem results p 124 N90-17612 F ISAE PAPER 8915471 0 162 A9047510 EXPERIMENTATION CMlF ECLS system test findings Structural alterations in the cornea from exposure to FABRICS ISAE PAPER 8915521 o 162 A9047515 Some practical advice on cold weather clothing infrared radiation Phase Ill integrated water recovery 'testing at MSFC AD-A21 5936 p 168 N90-18148 - I AD-A21 5340 I p 123 N90-17269 I I Design. plans, and protocols FEAR EXPERT SYSTEMS 1 SAE PAPER 891 554 I p 163 A90-27516 Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving Enroute flight-path planning Cooperative performance Space Station phase Ill Environmental Control and Life - smoke and fire p 146 N90-17613 of flight crews and knowledge-based syslems Support System. test bed control and data acquisition FEEDBACK system design p 152 A90-26224 Feedback effects in computer-based skill learning I SAE PAPER 891 556 I p 163 A90-27518 Pilot training - Artificial intelligence vs. pilot intelligence I ADA214560 I p 144 N90-17298 Preliminary design 01 JEM Environmental Control and p 153 A90-26226 FEEDBACKCONTROL Life Support System Multimedia authoring . Instruction and training of air Design overview --.01 Flight Telerobotic Servicer ISAE PAPER 8915741 p 163 A90-27535 traffic controllers based on ASRS incident reports system p 147 A90-23912 ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORIES p 138 A90-26306 Evolution and advanced technology .-. of Flight Biosphere II . Technical Overview of a manned closed DAWN (Design Assistant Workstation) for advanced Telerobotic Sewicer p 147 A90-23915 ecological system physical-chemical life support systems Pilot-vehicle analysis of multiaxis tasks I SAE PAPER 891 599 I p 166 A90-27557 ISAE PAPER 891481 I p 157 A90-27448 p 127 A90-25996

A-7 FIGHTER AIRCRAFT SUBJECT INDEX

The effects of control order feedback practice and A methodology for determining information management Flight safety A personality profile based designation input device on tracking performance and perceived requirements from a crew oriented mission scenario of ab initio helicopter flight training instructors and workload p 137 A9026294 p 153 A90-26242 instructor trainee coupling p 135 A90 26275 Conceptual design of a closed loop nutrient solution Cabin crew and super long haul flight - Preliminary The vection illusion in the aero marine environment delivery system for CELSS implementation in a findings p 132 A9026247 A flight safety concern p 136 A90-26281 micro-gravity environment Differences in cockpit communication FLIGHT SIMULATION I SAE PAPER 8915861 p 165 A90-27545 p 153 A90 26255 Performance evaluation in lull mission simulation FIGHTER AIRCRAFT Methodological advances and research challenges Aircrew Team Dynamics A comprehensive crew . in Is VERTIGUARD the answer? - for fighter aircraft management program for America West Airlines pilots and air transport operations p 128 A90 26178 control during pilot spatial disorientation flight attendants p 134 A90 26265 Use of flight simulators to investigate the effects of p 151 A90-26213 alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance I Leader personality and crew effectiveness A FILTRATION p 149 A90 26199 full mission Simulation experiment p 135 A90-26271 Recovery of hygiene water by rnultifiltration --- in space Apparent limitations of head up displays and thermal shuttle orbiters lntercorrelations among physiological and subjective imaging systems p 153 A90 26276 I SAE PAPER 891 445 I p 155 A90-27416 measures of workload p 136 A90-26285 Ground texture information for aimpoint estimation FIRE FIGHTING A320 crew workload modelling p 137 A9026287 p 136 A90 26282 Flight crew training for fire fighting WllNDEX . A crew workload prediction tool Dissociation revisited - Workload and performance in p 146 N90-17615 p 154 A90 26296 a simulated flight task p 137 A90 26290 FIRE PREVENTION The psychological profile in aircraft accident Multidimensional scaling analysis of simulated air Advantages of a low oxygen environment in space investigation p 138 A90 26299 combat maneuvering performance data I1 - A follow on cabins p 148 A90 26020 Medical guidelines for protecting crews with study p 139 A90 26309 FIRES flame-suppressant atmospheres Stress and performance during a simulated flight in a Workshop on the Effects of Combined Fire Products [SA€ PAPER 8915961 p 120 A90 27555 F 16 Simulator p 142 N90 17285 on Human Physiological and Psychological Performance Human Behaviour in High Stress Situations in Aerospace FLIGHT SIMULATORS IAD-A21 5465 I p 123 N90-17270 Operations Possibilities of using flight Simulators for continuous Method for the evaluation of toxicity of combustion IAGARD-CP-4581 p 140 N90-17275 medical supervision of alrcraft personnel products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and Causes of aircrew error in the Royal Air Force p 115 A9024759 results p 124 N90 17612 p 140 N90-17276 Use of flight simulators to investigate the effects of Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving Psychological reactions of pilots involved in accidents alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance II smoke and fire p 146 N90-17613 in the Swedish Air Force p 140 N90 17279 p 130 A90-26200 Flight crew training for fire fighting The descent from the Olimpus The effect of accidents Interactive real time formation flight concept trainer p 146 N90 17615 on aircrew survivors p 141 N90-17280 p 149 A90-26201 The investigation of particulate matter in the lungs of Personality assessment in aviation selection Cockpit resource management skills enhance combat smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-17617 p 142 N90-17289 mission performance in a B 52 simulator The importance of pathophysiological parameters in fire Development of a performance based test of gaze p 132 A90 26241 modelling of aircraft accidents p 125 N90-17618 capability A threshold approach The use of simulators in ab initio helicopter-training Modelling time to incapacitation and death from toxic I AD-A2146751 p 145 N90-17301 p 133 A90 26259 and physical hazards in aircraft fires Flight crew training for fire fighting Effect of emergent detail on descent rate estimations p 125 N90-17619 p 146 N90 17615 in flight simulators p 153 A90 26278 FLAMERETARDANTS FLIGHT FATIGUE TASKILLAN A simulation to predict the validity of Medical guidelines for protecting crews with Trends and individual differences in response to multiple resource models 01 aviation workload flame suppressant atmospheres short-haul flight operations p 127 A90-24431 p 136 A9026286 [SA€ PAPER 8915961 p 120 A9027555 A contextual analysis of pilot decision making FLIGHT STRESS FLASH p 131 A90 26228 New perspectives in the treatment of hypoxic and EEG-reactions in humans to light flashes of various Fatigue and safety - A reassessment ischemic brain damage Effect of gangliosides frequency p 119 A9026380 p 133 A90-26251 Measuring stress of helicopter pilotsp 11. An5 A90analysis 24435 of FLASH BLINDNESS FLIGHT FITNESS Effect of spectral flash on readaptation time Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in aviators with deficiencies in critical flight situations p 114 A90 24430 recurrent sinus barotrauma p 115 A9024433 p 133 A90 26249 FLIGHT ALTITUDE Policy considerations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus FLIGHT SURGEONS Detection of optical flow patterns during low altitude (HIV) infection in U S Naval Aviation personnel Pilotlsurgeon inflight decision making A study of the flight p 135 A9026277 p 115 A90 24436 integration of aviation and operating room cognitive FLIGHT CLOTHING Clinical aspects of inflight incapacitations in commercial skills p 131 A90-26227 Clothing microclimate of anti exposure suit for aircrew aviation p 118 A90-26017 FLIGHT TEST INSTRUMENTS p 148 A90-26127 Results of upper digestive tract examination of physical Checklist reading problems in airplanes equipped with FLIGHT CONTROL examination for flying in aged pilots p 118 A90 26126 speech recognition systems Display principles control dynamics and environmental Is heart rate a valid. reliable. and applicable index of I ILR-MITT-223(1989) I p 167 N90-17314 factors in pilot performance and transfer of training pilot workload in commercial transport aircraft? FLIGHT TRAINING p 149 A9026191 p 119 A90 26293 Performance evaluation in full mission Simulation Pathway-in-the-sky evaluation -- military aircraft FLIGHT HAZARDS Methodological advances and research challenges in missions p 149 A90-26205 Space immunology Past. present and future air transport operations p 128 A90 26178 FLIGHT CREWS p 116 A90 24820 Transfer of landing skills in beginning flight training FTS operations --- Shuttle-borne Flight Telerobotic FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS p 129 A90-26190 Servicer for Space Station Freedom Transfer of simulated instrument training to instrument Transfer of simulated instrument training to instrument p 147 A9023913 and contact flight p 129 A90-26192 and contact flight p 129 A90 26192 Clinical aspects of inflight incapacitations in commercial A comparison of an integrated instrumentfprivate pilot Flight instructor training as the foundation of ab initio aviation p 118 A90-26017 and an accelerated instrument flight training program pilot training p 129 A90 26193 Clothing microclimate of anti-exposure suit for aircrew p 130 A90 26195 An evaluation of integrated Commercial flight training p 148 A90-26127 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS p 129 A90-26194 Checklist reading problems in airplanes equipped with A cornparison of an integrated instrumentlprivate pilot Performance evaluation in full-mission simulation - speech recognition systems and an accelerated instrument flight training program Methodological advances and research challenges -- in IILR MITT-223(1989) I p 167 N90 17314 p 130 A90 26195 air transport operations p 128 A90 26178 FLIGHT PATHS A 0 sort assessment of flight instruction as an Crew workload-management strategies A critical factor Enroute flight path planning . Cooperative performance occupational choice by B S degree seeking aviation in system performance p 128 A90 26179 of flight crews and knowledge-based systems students Progress report p 130 A90 26198 Analyzing knowledge deficiencies in pilot performance p 152 A90 26224 Integration of a low cost part task trainer (Advanced p 128 A90-26182 FLIGHT PLANS Training Device ATD) into a flight crew development Developing cockpit resource management training Pilot judgment in TCA related flight planning program p 130 A90 26204 curricula for ab initio airline pilot training p 131 A90 26230 Using the Canadian Automated Pilot Selection System p 129 A90 26187 FLIGHT SAFETY to predict performance in primary flying training Straight Dual-career military reserve aircrewmembers Human Training for situational awareness --- in flight crews and level flight p 134 A90-26264 factors impact on aviation safety p 130 A90-26196 p 128 A90-26181 Selecting student naval pilots for training pipelines and Integration of a low cost part task trainer (Advanced Training for advanced cockpit technology aircraft post graduate flying duty assignments Training Device - ATD) into a flight crew development p 129 A90 26184 p 134 A90 26268 program p 130 A90 26204 Dual career military reserve aircrewmembers - Human The use of surrogate measurement for the prediction Enroute flight-path planning - Cooperative performance factors impact on aviation safety p 130 A90-26196 of flight training performances p 134 A90 26270 When training boomerangs Negative outcomes of flight crews and knowledge-based systems Use of flight simulators to investigate the effects of - associated with Cockpit Resource Management p 152 A90 26224 alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance I p 149 A90-26199 A comparison of cockpit communication 8737 . 8757 programs p 135 A90-26274 Sanity, common sense and air safety - Keys to Flight safety - A personality profile based designation p 131 A9026233 understanding pilot error p 131 A90-26232 of ab initio helicopter flight training instructors and Communication variations and aircrew performance Key questions for maximum CRM effectiveness or the instructor trainee coupling p 135 A90 26275 p 131 A90-26234 unaddressed questions in CRM - - Cockpit Resource Reactions to emergency situations in actual and CRM validation program p 132 A9046239 Management p 132 A90 26238 simulated flight p 141 N90-17283 The U S naval aircrew coordination training program Fatigue and safety - A reassessment Prediction of success in flight training by single- and p 132 A90-26240 p 133 A90-26251 dual-task performance p 143 N90 17293 SUBJECT INDEX HUMAN BODY

Flight crew training for fire fighting GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS HEAT SINKS p 146 N90-17615 The 1988-1989 NASA spaceIgravitational biology Thermal sink for the advanced extravehicular mobility FLIR DETECTORS accomplishments unit portable life support system Comparison 01 thermal (FLIR) and television images --- I NASA-TM-4160 I p 113 N90-17251 I SAE PAPER 891 581 I p 164 A90 27541 in natural and man-made target detection and GRAVITATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY HEAVY IONS identification p 150 A90-26212 Atrophy of the soleus muscle by hindlimb unweighting Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter FLOW REGULATORS p 107 A90-24395 p 109 A90-25329 Bio reactor chamber Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle after 15 days HELMET MOUNTED DISPLAYS I NASA-CASE-MSC 20929.1 I p 113 N90-17252 of hindlimb suspension p 107 A90-24398 Pilot assessment of the AH 64 helmet mounted display FLUID DYNAMICS Effect of hindlimb suspension on cardiovascular system p 151 A90 26217 responses to sympathomimetics and lower body negative A modeling system for control of the thermal and fluid A helmet mounted display demonstration unit for a Space pressure p 108 A90-24399 dynamics of the NASA CELSS Crop Growth Research Station application Physiologic correlates of protection afforded by anti-G Chamber j SAE PAPER 8915831 p 164 A90 27543 I SAE PAPER 891 570 I p 163 A90-27531 suits p 114 A90-24427 Humans in space Medical challenges HELMETS FLUID FLOW - p 116 A90-24769 Safety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for Leak detection for Space Station Freedom fluid lines oculometer eyelhead tracker system Artificial gravity as a countermeasure in long-duration I SAE PAPER 891448 I p 155 A90 27418 (AD-A2158091 p 125 N90-18138 manned space flight p It6 A90-24817 Conceptual design of a closed loop nutrient solution HEMATOLOGY Physiological parameters of artificial gravity delivery system for CELSS implementation in a Space immunology - Past present and future p 116 A90-24818 micro-gravity environment p 116 A90-24820 Enabling human exploration of space - A life sciences I SAE PAPER 891 586 I p 165 A90 27545 HEMATOPOIESIS overview FOOD PRODUCTION (IN SPACE) Regulation of hemopoiesis in an organism exposed to ISAE PAPER 891471 I p 119 A90-27439 Criteria for evaluating experiments on crop production extreme factors - Russian book p 107 A90-24270 Mouse tail-suspension as a model of microgravity . in space HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES Effects on skeletal. neural and muscular systems I SAE PAPER 891 569 I p 163 A90 27530 Moderate exercise and hemodilution during s1ec.p ISAE PAPER 8914891 p 11 1 A9027456 FOSSILS deprivation p 114 A90-24432 The 1988-1989 NASA spacelgravitational biology Early Carboniferous low-temperature hydrothermal vent Cardiovascular response to 4 hours of 6 deg head-down accomplishments communities from Newfoundland p 110 A90 26566 t'lt or of 30 deg head-up tilt bed rest I NASA TM 4160 I p 113 N90-17251 FOVEA p 1 17 A90-26015 The effects of foveal load on peripheral sensitivity in Temperature regulation during upper body exercise Able the visual field bodied and spinal cord injured I AD-AZ14872 1 p 122 N90-17260 H IADA2151301 p 122 N90-17264 FUMES Psychological and physiological responses of blacks and Method for the evaluation of toxicity of combustion HABITABILITY Caucasians to hand cooling products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and Space station wardroom habitability and equipment 14DA2156461 p 124 N90-17272 results p 124 N90 17612 study HERMES MANNED SPACEPLANE NASA-CR 4246 p 166 N90-17308 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS I I Development activities for the European EVA Space Suit Pareto optimization design techniques for the AFlT (Air HABITS System (ESSS) Force Institute of Techno1ogy)IAAMRL (Armstrong Elfectiveness of progressive resistance training for I SAE PAPER 8915441 p 162 A90-27508 Aeronautical Medical Research Laboratory) increasing maximal repetitive lifting capacity The development status of the Hermes environment.rl anthropomorphic robotic manipulator I AD-A215286 I p 123 N90 17267 c3ntro1 and lile support subsystem I AD-AZl6178 1 p 168 N90-18150 HAND (ANATOMY) ISAE PAPER 8915471 p 162 A90 27510 FUNCTIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS Use of quantitative electromyography (EMG) in the HIGH ALTITUDE BREATHING Outfitting of the crew health care system for the Space evaluation of fatigue associated with pressure glove Periodic breathing and 02 saturation in relation to slee(3 Station Freedom work stages at high altitude p 117 A90-26013 I SAE PAPER 891476 I p 157 A9027444 I SAE PAPER 891473 I p 120 A90-27441 HIGH ALTITUDE ENVIRONMENTS HAZARDS Altitude symptomatology and mood states during a climb The research program at the Civil Aeromedical Institute to 3 630 meters p 117 A90 2601 2 concerning protective breathing equipment for use by crew Potential for reduction of decompression sickness bf G and passengers in an aviation smoke/fume environment prebreathing with 100 percent oxygen while exercisiny GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS p 167 N90 17616 I SAE PAPER 891490 I p 120 A90-2745 7 Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter The investigation of particulate matter in the lungs 01 HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS p 109 A90-25329 smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-17617 Effects of heat stress on cognitive and psychomotor performance with and without head coolina Radiological health risks Modelling time to incapacitation and death from toxic p 11s A90-26243 ISAE PAPER 8914321 p 119 A9027403 and physical hazards in aircraft fires p 125 N90 17619 HISTOLOGY Preliminary analyses of space radiation protection for The investigation of particulate matter in the lunas of HEAD (ANATOMY) lunar base surface systems smoke inhalabon death victims p 124 N90-17617 Guidelines for safe human exposure to impact I SAE PAPER 891 487 I p 120 A90-27454 HORMONES acceleration update A GENE EXPRESSION Peripheral nervous velocity of conduction in fighter I AD-A21 5287 I p 123 N90-17268 Breeding of hydrogen producing anaerobic bacteria pilots p 142 N90-172% Cellulase secretion from transformed Escherichia coli HEAD DOWN TILT Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response JM109 Cardiovascular response to 4 hours of 6 deg head-down to cold exposure after cold air acclimation I DE90 710739 I p 113 N90 18133 till or of 30-deg head up lilt bed rest IAD-A21 681 7 I p 127 N90 18144 GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT p 117 A90-26015 HUMAN BEHAVIOR General aviation pilot perceptions of deteriorating HEAD MOVEMENT Pre-treatment with tyrosine reverses hypothermia weather conditions p 131 ASO-26229 Neurophysiological mechanisms of oculomotor behavior induced behavioral depression GENETIC ENGINEERING in mammals p 110 A90 26378 IAD-A215211 I p 123 N90-17265 Breeding of hydrogen producing anaerobic bacteria HEAD-UP DISPLAYS Sensations of temperature and humidity during Cellulase secretion from transformed Escherichia coli Pilot assessment 01 the AH-64 helmet mounted display intermittent exercise and the influence of underwear knit JM109 system p 151 A90-26217 structure I DE90-710739 1 p 113 N90-18133 Apparent limitations of head-up-displays and thermal I AD-A215285 I p 123 N90-17266 GEOTEMPERATURE imaging systems p 153 A9026276 +urnan Behaviour in High Stress Situations in Aerospace The flow of energy, natural learning systems and the HEARING Operations creation of life on earth p 168 A90-25177 Recognition of environmental sounds I ASARD-CP-458 I p 140 N90-17275 GLOVES IAD A2149421 p 145 N90-17302 Performance recovery following startle A laboratory A human factors evaluation 01 Extravehicular Activity HEART approach to the study of behavioral response to sudden gloves Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure airsraft emergencies p 142 N90-17286 I SAE PAPER 891472 I p 157 A90-27440 in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide Personality assessment in aviation selection p 142 N90-17289 Use of quantitative electromyography (EMG) in the I AD-A21 5986 I p 113 N90-18134 Activation Positive and negative effects of the alarm evaluation of fatigue associated with pressure glove HEART RATE system in the brain work Is heart rate a valid. reliable. and applicable index of p 143 N90-17290 HUMAN BEINGS I SA€ PAPER 891473 I p 120 A90-27441 pilot workload in commercial transport aircraft? Psychophysiological correlates 01 human adaptation in p 119 A90-26293 GOGGLES antarctica Stress and performance during a simulated flight in a Attenuating the luminousoutput of the ANIPVS-5A night IAD-A216679 I p 126 N90-18142 vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity F-16 simulator p 142 N90-17285 Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response I AD-A214895 1 p 166 N90-17311 HEAT ACCLIMATIZATION to cold exposure alter cold air acclimation GRATINGS Elfects of heat stress on cognitive and psychomotor I AD-A216817 I p 127 N90-18144 Transparency and coherence in human motion performance. with and without head cooling HUMAN BODY perception p 139 A90 26567 p 118 A9026243 Measurement of maximum arrest force in performance GRAVIRECEPTORS HEAT EXCHANGERS tests of fall protection equipment p 154 A90-26850 3 D components of a biological neural network visualized Thermal sink lor the advanced extravehicular mobility Guidelines lor safe human exposure to impact in computer generated imagery I - Macular receptive field unit portable life support system acceleration, update A organization p 112 A90-27611 ISAE PAPER 891581 I p 164 A90 27541 IA[)-A2152871 p 123 N90-17268

A-9 HUMAN CENTRIFUGES SUBJECT INDEX

HUMAN CENTRIFUGES Effectiveness 01 progressive resistance training for Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response Periodic acceleration stimulation in space increasing maximal repetitive lifting capacity to cold exposure after cold air acclimation I SAE PAPER 891 434 I p 119 A90 27405 I AD A21 5286 I p 123 N90-17267 [ADA2168171 p 127 N90-18144 HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING Workshop on the Effects of Combined Fire Products HYPOXIA International Symposium on Aviation Psychology 5th on Human Physiological and Psychological Performance Vascular response of retinal arteries and veins to acute Columbus OH Apr 1720 1989 Proceedings Volumes [ADA2154651 p 123 N90-17270 hypoxia of 8000 10 000 12 500 and 15 000 feet of simulated altitude p 114 A9024428 182 p 128 A90 26176 Human Rehaviour in High Stress Situations in Aerospace Training for situational awareness .-.in flight crews Operations New perspectives in the treatment of hypoxic and p 128 A90 26181 I AGARD CP-458 I p 140 N90-17275 ischemic brain damage - Effect of gangliosides p 115 A9024435 The manufacturer srolein training program development The descent from the Olirnpus The effect of accidents Protective effect of various types and regimens of .--for aircraft pilots p 149 A90 26188 on aircrew survivors p 141 N90-17280 An evaluation of integrated commercial flight training adaptation to hypoxia on the development of Leader personality and crew effectiveness Factors p 129 A90 26194 stress induced lesions in KM-line rats influencing performance in lull-mission air transport Dual career military reserve aircrewmembers Human p 108 A90 24748 . simulation p 141 N90 17282 factors impact on aviation safety p 130 A90 26196 Effect of unilateral carotid artery occlusion on the Principles of design for complex displays. A comparative Activation Positive and negative effects of the alarm cerebral blood flow in rats exposed to hypoxia evaluation p 150 A90 26209 system in the brain p 143 N90-17290 p 108 A9024749 Time dependent sampling and tough input accuracy Standardized tests for research wilh environmental Effect of hypoxia on VO2 kinetics during pseudorandom Why the first touch is different from the first kiss stressors The AGARD STRES battery binary sequence exercise p 117 A90-26014 display devices in aircraft cockpits p 151 A90-26215 p 144 N90 17295 Advantages of a low-oxygen environment in space A methodology for determining information management Feedback effects in computer-based skill learning cabins p 148 A90 26020 requirements from a crew oriented mission scenario I AD-A214560 I p 144 N90-I7298 Metabolic effects of exposure to hypoxia plus cold at p 153 A90-26242 HUMAN REACTIONS res1 and during exercise in humans p 119 A90 26322 TASKILLAN A simulation to predict the validity of EEG reactions in humans to light flashes of various Medical guidelines for protecting crews wilh multiple resource models of aviation workload frequency p 119 A90-26380 flame suppressant atmospheres p 136 A90 26286 Psychological reactions of pilots involved in accidents I SAE PAPER 8915961 p 120 A9027555 The processing demands of tracking strategies --- in in the Swedish Air Force p 140 N90-17279 Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure aircraft p 137 A90-26289 The descent from the Olimpus The effect of accidents in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide Exploratory experience in mental process in some on aircrew survivors p 141 N90-17280 I AD-AZt 5986 I p 113 N90-18134 airplane accidents due to human factors Reactions to emergency situations in actual and p 138 A90 26300 simulated flight p 141 N90 17283 Human factors in ATC operations Anticipatory Performance recovery following startle A laboratory I cI e a r a n c e s p 138 A90 26304 approach to the study of behavioral response to sudden IDENTIFYING Measurement of maximum arrest force in performance aircraft emergencies p 142 N90-17286 Identifying the circadian cycle in human information tests of fall protection equipment p 154 A90 26850 Activation Positive and negative effects of the alarm processing data using periodicity analysis A synopsis Maintaining human productivity during Mars transit system in the brain p 143 N90-17290 IAD A2146741 p 121 N90-17257 I SAE PAPER 891435 I p 139 A90 27406 HUMAN RELATIONS ILLUSIONS A human factors evaluation of Extravehicular Activity Leader personality and crew effectiveness Factors The vection illusion in the aero-marine environment influencing performance in full-mission air transport gloves A flight safety concern p 136 A90-26281 ISAE PAPER 891 472 I p 157 A9027440 simulation p 141 N90-17282 IMAGE INTENSIFIERS Crew system dynamics Combining humans and HUMAN TOLERANCES Attenuating the luminous output of the ANlPVS 5A nigh1 automation Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity I SA€ PAPER 8915301 p 160 A90-27494 antarctica [AD-A2148951 p 166 N90 17311 Results and applications of a space suit range-of motion I ADA216679 p 126 N90-18142 I IMAGE MOTION COMPENSATION study HUMIDITY The perceptual buildup of three dimensional structure I SAE PAPER 891 592 I p 165 A90 27551 Sensations of temperature and humidity during from motion Human factors in the naval environment A review of intermittent exercise and the influence of underwear knit 1 AD A214640 I p 144 N90-17300 motion sickness and biodynamic problems structure IMAGE PROCESSING JAD-AZ14733) p 121 N90 17258 1 AD-A21 5285 1 p 123 N90-17266 Stimulus familiarity determines recognition strategy for Space station wardroom habitability and equipment HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT novel 3-D oblects study Investigation of humidity control via membrane (AD-AZ152741 p 145 N90 17305 I NASA CR-4246 I p 166 N90-17308 separation for advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION Proximity compatibility and inlormation display The application 3-D components of a biological neural networkvisualized effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall I SAE PAPER 891 507 I p 159 A90 27474 in computer generated imagery I Macular receptive field conditions HYDROGEN organization p 112 A9027611 IAD A2144881 p 166 N90 17309 Breeding of hydrogen producing anaerobic bacteria IMAGE ROTATION Prescribing spectacles for aviators Cellulase secretion from transformed Escherichia coli Frame of reference for electronic maps - The relevance [ADA2148301 p 166 N90 17310 JM109 of spatial cognition mental rotation and componential task Attenuating the luminous output of the ANIPVS 5A night DE90-710739 p 113 N90-18133 I I analysis p 150 A90-26207 vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS I AD-AZ14895 I p 166 N90 17311 Early Carboniferous low-temperature hydrothermal vent IMAGES Physiological evaluation of men wearing three different communities from Newfoundland p 110 A90-26566 Development of a performance-based test of gaze toxicological protective systems HYGIENE capability A threshold approach IAD A2155271 p 167 N90-17313 Recovery of hygiene water by multifiltration - in space I AD A21 4675 I p 145 N90-17301 HUMAN PATHOLOGY shuttle orbiters IMMUNE SYSTEMS Policy considerations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus [SAE PAPER 8914451 p 155 A90 27416 Policy considerations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in U S Naval Aviation personnel Environmental quality and occupational health Special (HIV) infection in US Naval Aviation personnel p 115 A9024436 Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) p 115 A90 24436 HUMAN PERFORMANCE [AD A2147381 p 121 N90 17259 Space immunology Past present and future Effects of whole-body vibration waveform and display HYPERSONIC VEHICLES p 116 A90-24820 collimation on the performance of a complex manual Thermal management and environmental control of IMMUNOLOGY control task p 117 A90-26011 hypersonic vehicles Space immunology Past. present and future Some effects of consistency in training for automatic [SAE PAPER 8914401 p 154 A90-27411 p 116 A90-24820 information processing p 130 A9026197 HYPERTHERMIA IMPACT ACCELERATION Exploring situational awareness . A review and the Functioning of the cerebral circulation system in rabbits Guidelines for safe human exposure to impact effects of stress on rectilinear normalization --- aircraft pilot under hyperthermia p 108 A90 24750 acceleration update A performance p 134 A90 26266 Effects of heat stress on cognitive and psychomotor I AD A21 5287 I p 123 N90 17268 performance with and without head cooling Workload assessment by secondary tasks and the IMPACT TESTS p 118 A9026243 multidimensionalily of human information processing Measurement of maximum arrest force in performance resources p 138 A90-26295 HYPNOSIS tests of fall protection equipment p 154 A90-26850 Use of self-induced hypnosis to modify thermal balance INDEXES (DOCUMENTATION) Human performancelsystems safety issues in aircraft during cold water immersion Aerospace medicine and biology A continuing accident investigation and prevention (AD A2161561 p 126 N90 18140 p 154 A90 26297 bibliography with indexes (supplement 333) HYPOBARIC ATMOSPHERES I NASA-SP 701 l(333) I p 125 N90-18136 A human performance re-interpretation of factors The use of tyrnpanometry to detect aerotitis media in contributing to an airline aviation accident hypobaric chamber operations p 117 A90-26016 Aerospace medicine and biology A continuing p 138 A90 26298 Psychological study on mood states of altitude chamber bibliography with indexes (supplement 331) A review of circadian effects on selected human personnel before their chamber mission I NASA SP-701l(331) I p 125 N90-18137 inlormation processing tasks p 128 A90-26123 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY I AD A21 4673 I p 121 N90 17256 HYPOTHERMIA Environmental quality and occupational health Special Identifying the circadian cycle in human information Temperature regulation during upper body exercise Able Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) processing data using periodicity analysis A synopsis bodied and spinal cord injured IAD A2147381 p 121 N90 17259 I AD A214674 I p 121 N90-17257 I AD-A215130 I p 122 N90-17264 INFORMATION Human factors in the naval environment A review of Pre treatment with tyrosine reverses hypothermia A review of circadian effects on selected human motion sickness and biodynamic problems induced behavioral depression information processing tasks 1 AD-A214733 I p 121 N90 17258 I AD A21 521 1 I p 123 N90-17265 IAD A2146731 p 121 N90-17256

A-10 SUBJECT INDEX LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS

Identifying the circadian cycle in human information ISOLATION Space Station Freedom carbon dioxide remcval processing data using periodicity analysis A synopsis Bioisolation testing of Space Station Freedom modular assembly I AD-A214674 I p 121 N90-17257 hab i t at s I SAE PAPER 891449 I p 155 A90-27419 INFORMATION DISSEMINATION [SAE PAPER 8915161 p 160 A90-27481 Atmospheric Composition Monitor Assembly for Space Defining man-machine interface requirements for air Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in Station Freedom Environmental Control and Life Support traffic control static inlormation displays antarctica System p 154 A90-26303 IAD-A2166791 p 126 N90-18142 lSAE PAPER 891451 I p 156 A90 27421 INFORMATION FLOW Enabling human exploration of space - A life sciences Multisensor integration - A methodological study --- of overview inlormation systems p 152 A90 26220 J ISAE PAPER 891471 I p 119 A90 27439 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT JAPANESE SPACE PROGRAM Evolution of Space Station Life sciences program and Multisensor integration A methodological study --- of Preliminary design of JEM Environmental Control and facilities information systems p 152 A90 26220 Life Support System ISAE PAPER 8914741 p 110 A9027442 A methodologyfor determininginformation management [SAE PAPER 8915741 p 163 A9027535 Development of the CELSS Emulator at NASA J8C requirements from a crew oriented mission scenario JAPANESE SPACECRAFT I SAE PAPER 891477 I p 157 A9027445 p 153 A9026242 Applicability of membrane distillation method to space On the representation of life support system models INFORMATION PROCESSING (BIOLOGY) experimental waste water treatment I SAE PAPER 891 479 I p 157 A90-27447 Pilot competency An analysis of abilities requisite to ISAE PAPER 891 578 I p 164 A9027538 DAWN (Design Assistant Workstation) for advanced professional flight crew development JUDGMENTS physical-chemicallife support systems p 134 A90-26262 The effects of extended-operations of inferential SAE PAPER 891481 I p 157 A90-27448 Training and selecting individuals for high levels of multi-cue judgment p 133 A90-26250 Microgravity sensitivities for Space Station ECI S information processing load p 142 N90-17288 subsystems Prediction of success in flight training by single- and K I SAE PAPER 8914831 p 158 A90 27450 dual-task performance p 143 N90-17293 Feasibility of a common electrolyzer for Space Station INFORMATION SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE BASES (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE) Freedom --- life support systems Proximity compatibility and information display The Enroute flight-path planning - Cooperative performance ISAE PAPER 8914841 p 158 A9027451 eflects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall of flight crews and knowledge-based systems System level design analyses for the Space Station conditions p 152 A90-26224 Enwonmental Control and Life Support System [AD A2144881 p 166 N90 17309 ISAE PAPER 8915001 p 158 A90-27467 INFORMATION TRANSFER Mass analysis for the Space Station ECLSS using the A comparison of cockpit communication 8737 6757 L balance spreadsheet method p 131 A90-26233 I SAE PAPER 891 502 I p 158 A9027469 Communication variations and aircrew performance LASER DAMAGE Artificial intelligence application to advanced ECLS p 131 A90-26234 Structural alterations in the cornea from exposure to systems infrared radiation INFRARED IMAGERY I SAE PAPER 891503 I p 158 A90 2741'0 IAD-A21 5340 I p 123 N90-17269 Comparison of thermal (FLIR) and television images -.- Life support system definition study for long duration LEADERSHIP in natural and man-made target detection and Leader personality and crew effectiveness - A planetary missions identification p 150 A90 26212 SAE PAPER 891505 p 159 A90 27472 full-mission simulation experiment p 135 A90-26271 I I Apparent limitations of head-up-displays and thermal Managerial leadership assessment - Personality Carbon dioxide and water vapor high temperatuie imaging systems p 153 A90-26276 correlates of and sex diffe-ences in ratings by leaders, electrolysis INFRARED RADIATION peers, and followers p 135 A90-26272 [SAE PAPER 891506l p 159 A9027473 Structural allerations in the cornea from exposure to Leader personality and crew effectiveness Factors Performance characterization of water recovery and infrared radiation influencing performance in full-mission air transport water quality from chemicallorganic waste products ( AD-A215340 p 123 N90 17269 simulation p 141 N90-17282 I SAE PAPER 891509 I p 159 A90 27476 Safety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for LEAKAGE Bioisolation testing of Space Station Freedom modular oculometer eyelhead tracker system Leak detection for Space Station Freedom fluid lines habitats (AD A2158091 p 125 N90-18138 1 SAE PAPER 891448 p 155 A90-27418 ISAE PAPER 8915161 p 160 A90-27481 INHIBITORS LEARNING Design of the Enwonmental Control and Life Support Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and information Feedback effects in computer-based skill learning Systems for the Columbus pressurized modules processing in the auditory cortex [AD A2145601 p 144 N90-17298 I SAE PAPER 891 531 I p 160 A90-27495 IAD-A21 6092 1 p 126 N90 18139 Job planning and execution monitoring for a Air loop concepts for environmental control and life INJURIES human robot symbiotic system support Guidelines for safe human exposure to impact I DE90 004464 I p 167 N90-17315 I SAE PAPER 891 537 I p 161 A9027501 acceleration, update A LEARNING THEORY Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedorn [AD-A215287 I p 123 N90-17268 Measuring learning ability by dynamic testing and long duration life support INSOMNIA IAD-AZ152731 p 145 N90 17304 ISAE PAPER 8915391 p 161 A90-27503 Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in LESIONS Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecralt antarctica The nematode C elegans - A model animal system for water system - Interim results (AD-A2166791 p 126 N90-18142 the detection of genetic and developmental lesions ISAE PAPER 8915431 p 161 A90 2750 7 INSTRUCTORS I SAE PAPER 891488 I p 111 A9027455 The development status of the Hermes environmental Flight instructor training as the foundation of ab initio LETHALITY cuntrol and life support subsystem pilot training p 129 AQO-26193 Modellinq time to incapacitation and death from toxic I SAE PAPER 891547 I p 162 A90 27510 INSULIN and physical hazards in aircraft fires CMlF ECLS system test findings Effect of body weight gain on inwlin sensitivity after P 125 N90-17619 [SAE PAPER 8915521 p 162 A90-27515 retirement from exercise training p 110 A90-26319 LICENSING Phase 111 integrated water recovery testing at MSFC INTERPLANETARY FLIGHT Pilot competency . An analysis of abilities requisite to Design. plans, and protocols Human life support during interplanetary travel and professional flight crew development ISAE PAPER 8915541 p 163 A90 27518 domicile I - System approach p 134 A90-26262 Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support (SAE PAPER 891431 I p 154 LIFE (DURABILITY) System Test Facility at Marshall Space Flight Cente, Life support system definition study for long duration Performance evaluation of advanced space suit I SAE PAPER 8915551 P 163 A90-27517 planetary missions concepts for Space Station Space Station phase 111 EnvironmentalControl and Life [SAE PAPER 8915051 p 159 A9027472 ISAE PAPER 891591 I p 165 A90-27550 Support System. test bed control and data acquisition INTERSTELLAR CHEMISTRY LIFE SCIENCES system design Interstellar and circumstellar molecules and elements Human life support during interplanetary travel and ISAE PAPER 891556 I p 163 A90-27518 necessary for life p 168 A90-26762 domicile I - System approach CELSS engineering - Proportional control of CO2 using INTOXICATION ISAE PAPER 891431 p 154 A90-27402 higher plants Use of flight simulators lo investigate the effects of LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS ISAE PAPER 8915731 p 163 A9027534 alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance I Controlled Ecological Life Support System Breadboard Preliminary design of JEM Environmental Control and p 149 A90-26199 Project - 1988 p 148 A90-24803 Lile Support System Use flight simulators to investigate the effects of of Human in closed ecological system ISAE PAPER 8915741 p 163 A90-27535 alcohol and other drum on oil01 oerformance II p 148 A90-24804 Study of air revitalization system for Space Station p 130 A90-26200 I SAE PAPER 891 576 I p 164 A90-27537 Methods of creating biological life support systems for IONIZING RADIATION Advanced portable life support system component man in space p 148 A90-24805 The nematode C. eleqans - A model animal svstem for integration and system testing the detection of geneticand developmental lesions Human life support during interplanetary travel and I SAE PAPER 891 580 I p 164 A90 27540 I SAE PAPER 891 488 I p 111 A9027455 domicile I - System approach Conceptual design of a closed loop nutrient solution IRRADIATION ISAE PAPER 891431 I p 154 A90-27402 delivery system for CELSS implementation in a Delayed effects of proton irradiation in Macaca mulatta Application of biocatalysts lo Space Station ECLSS and micro-gravity environment (22-year summary) p 109 A9025330 PMMS water reclamation I SAE PAPER 891 586 I p 165 A90-27545 ISCHEMIA I SAE PAPER 891442 I p 155 A90-27413 Regulation of nitrogen uptake and assimilation Eflects New perspectives in the treatment of hypoxic and A novel membrane-based water-reclamation of nitrogen source root-zone pH. and aerial C02 ischemic brain damage - Effect of gangliosides posttreatment unit concentration on growth and productivity of soybeans p 115 A9024435 I SAE PAPER 891446 I p 155 A90-27417 I NASA-CR-1775461 p 168 N90-18147

A-1 1 LIFTS SUBJECT INDEX

LIFTS Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure MANUAL CONTROL Investigation of the eflects 01 external supports on in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide Manual control of the Langley Laboratory telerobotic manual lifting I AD-A2 15986 I p 113 N90-18134 manipulator p 147 A90-24022 IPB90-1033671 p 166 N90 17307 Elfects 01 whole body vibration waveform and display LIGHT (VISIBLE RADIATION) collimation on the performance of a complex manual Attenuating the luminousoutput of the ANIPVS 5A night M control task p 117 A90 26011 vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity MAPS 1 AD A214895 I p 166 N90-17311 MALFUNCTIONS Frame of reference for electronic maps The relevance LIGHT SOURCES In flight and post flight assessment of pilot workload in of spatial cognition mental rotation and componential task Attenuating the luminous output of the ANIPVS-SA night commercial transport aircraft using SWAT - Subjective analysis p 150 A90-26207 vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity Workload Assessment Technique p 137 A9026292 Pilot evaluation of selected colors and scales using a 1 AD A214895 I p 166 N90 17311 MAMMALS digitized map display p 151 A90-26218 LIMEN Neurophysiological mechanisms of oculomotor behavior MARINE ENVIRONMENTS Effect 01 contralateral masking parameters on difference in mammals p 110 A9026378 The vection illusion in the aero-marine environment - A flight safety concern p 136 A90-26281 limen lor intensity MAN MACHINE SYSTEMS AD A214169 p 125 N90-18135 MASKING I I Manual control 01 the Langley Laboratory telerobotic Effect 01 contralateral masking parameters on difference LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER (LET) manipulator p 147 A90-24022 Radiological health risks limen for intensity Man machine interface problems in designing air traflic ISAE PAPER 8914321 p 119 A90-27403 I AD-A214169 I p 125 N90-18135 control systems p 148 A90-25564 The nematode C elegans . A model animal system for MASS FLOW the detection of genetic and developmental lesions Pilot vehicle analysis of multiaxis tasks Mass analysis for the Space Station ECLSS using the 1 SAE PAPER 891488 I p 11 t A90-27455 p 127 A9025996 balance spreadsheet method LINEAR EQUATIONS An evaluative model of system performance in manned I SA€ PAPER 891 502 I p 158 A90 27469 Linear structural modeling of pilot risk perception teleoperational systems p 149 A90-26202 MATERIALS HANDLING Solutions to problems of non normal response Frame 01 reference for electronic maps - The relevance Effectiveness of progressive resistance training for distributions p 133 A90-26252 of spatial cognition. mental rotation. and componential task increasing maximal repetitive lifting capacity LIQUID CRYSTALS analysis p 150 A90-26207 I AD A21 5286 I p 123 N90 17267 A helmet mounteddisplaydemonstrationunit lor a Space Defining man machine interface requirements for air MATHEMATICAL LOGIC Station application traffic control static information displays Job planning and execution monitoring for a I SAE PAPER 891 583 I p 164 A9027543 p 154 A9026303 human robot symbiotic system LISTS Crew system dynamics . Combining humans and I DE90-004464 I p 167 N90 17315 Readability improvements of emergency checklists . automation MATHEMATICAL MODELS in civil aviation p 151 A90-26214 I SAE PAPER 891530 I p 160 A9047494 Linear structural modeling 01 pilot risk perception - LONG DURATION SPACE FLIGHT Proximity compatibility and information display The Solutions to problems of non-normal response Controlled Ecological Life Support System Breadboard effects of space and color on the analysis 01 aircraft stall distributions p 133 A90 26252 Project 1988 p 148 A90 24803 conditions Multidimensional scaling analysis of simulated air Artificial gravity as a countermeasure in long-duration I AD A21 4488 I p 166 N90 17309 combat maneuvering performance data II A follow on manned space llight p 116 A90 24817 Job planning and execution monitoring for a study p 139 A90-26309 A novel membrane based water reclamation human-robot symbiotic system Statistically based decompression tables 5 posttreatment unit 1 DE90-004464 I p 167 N90 17315 Haldane Vann models lor air diving ISAE PAPER 8914461 p 155 A90-27417 MAN-COMPUTER INTERFACE IAD A2149341 p 122 N90 17261 Enabling human exploration of space A Iile sciences Crew system dynamics - Combining humans and Training and selecting individuals tor high levels of overview automation information processing load p 142 N90 17288 [SAE PAPER 891471 I p 119 A90 27439 I SAE PAPER 891 530 I p 160 A9027494 A model for visual attention Life support system definition study for long duration Checklist reading problems in airplanes equipped with I AD A21 4505 I p 144 N90 17297 planetary missions speech recognition systems The importance of pathophysiological parameters in fire I SAE PAPER 891505 I p 159 A90-27472 I ILR-MITT 223(1989)1 p 167 N90-17314 modelling 01 aircraft accidents p 125 N90 17618 Microbiological contamination control in the Columbus MANIPULATORS Modelling time to incapacitation and death from toxic project Concept design 01 the Special Purpose Dexterous and physical hazards in aircraft fires [SA€ PAPER 8915341 p 160 A90 27498 Manipulator lor the Space Station Mobile Servicing p 125 N90 17619 1 Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedom System p 146 A90 23898 Pareto optimization design techniques for the AFlT (Air and long duration life support Payload invariant control via neural networks Force Institute of Technology)/AAMRL (Armstrong I SAE PAPER 891 539 I p 161 A90-27503 Development and experimental evaluation Aeronautical Medical Research Laboratory) Microbial identification system for Space Station I AD A21 5740 I p 146 N90-17306 anthropomorphic robotic manipulator Freedom Pareto optimization design techniques lor the AFlT (Air I AD A2161781 p 168 N90-18150 I SAE PAPER 891 540 1 p 161 A90-27504 Force Institute of Technol0gy)lAAMRL (Armstrong MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES Sweet potato growth parameters. yield components and Aeronautical Medical Research Laboratory) Statistically based decompression tables 5 I nutritive value for CELSS applications anthropomorphic robotic manipulator Haldane Vann models lor air diving 1 SAE PAPER 891571 I p 112 A9027532 I ADA2161 781 p 168 N90-18150 I AD-A214934 I p 122 N90-17261 I LOW ALTITUDE MANNED MARS MISSIONS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Detection of optical llow patterns during low altitude Radiological health risks Influence of 7 days 01 hindlimb suspension and llight p 135 A90 26277 I SAE PAPER 891 432 I p 119 A90 27403 intermittent weight support on rat muscle mechanical LOW COST Maintaining human productivity during Mars transit properties p 110 A90 26010 I Integration of a low cost part task trainer (Advanced I SAE PAPER 891 435 I p 139 A9027406 MEDICAL EQUIPMENT Training Device . ATD) into a flight crew development Application 01 bioregenerative subsystems to an Outfitting of the crew health care system for the Space program p 130 A90-26204 environmental control and life support system lor a manned Station Freedom LOWER BODY NEGATIVE PRESSURE Mars sprint mission I SAE PAPER 891 476 I p 157 A90 27444 Effect of hindlimb suspension on cardiovascular I SAE PAPER 891504 I p 159 A90-27471 MEDICAL SERVICES responses to sympathomimetics and lower body negative MANNED SPACE FLIGHT Possibilities of using flight simulators lor continuous pressure p 108 A90 24399 Advantages of a low-oxygen environment in space medical supervision of aircraft personnel Cerebral tissue oxygen status and psychomotor cabins p 148 A90-26020 p 115 A90 24759 performance during lower body negative pressure Human life support during interplanetary travel and MEMBRANESTRUCTURES (LBNP) p 114 A9024426 domicile I - System approach A novel membrane based water reclamation LUMINAIRES ISAE PAPER 891431 I p 154 A90 27402 posttreatment unit Safety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for Enabling human exploration of space - A life sciences ISAE PAPER 8914461 p 155 A90-27417 oculometer eyelhead tracker system overview MEMORY I AD-A215809 I p 125 N90-18138 [SA€ PAPER 891471 I p 119 A9027439 A study on measuring mental workload II Mental load LUMINOUS INTENSITY Life support system definition study lor long duration and salivary cortisol level p 127 A90 26122 Attenuating the luminous output of the ANIPVS-SA night planetary missions Some effects of consistency in training for automatic vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity ISAE PAPER 8915051 p 159 A9027472 information processing p 130 A9026197 [AD A2148951 p 166 N90-17311 Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft Auditory pattern memory Mechanisms of tonal LUNARBASES water system - Interim results sequence discrimination by human observers Selection of atmospheric pressure lor a lunar base - A I SAE PAPER 891 543 I p 161 A9027507 I AD-A214494 I p 120 N90-17253 trade 011 study p 116 A90-24819 Life support - Future trends and developments Stimulus familiarity determines recognition strategy lor Preliminary analyses of space radiation protection lor [SPE PAPER 8915491 p 162 A90-27512 novel 3 D oblects lunar base surface systems MANNED SPACECRAFT IAD-A2152741 p 145 N90 17305 {SAE PAPER 891487) p 120 A90 27454 Pilot training Artificial intelligence vs pilot intelligence LUNARSURFACE p 153 A9026226 MENTAL PERFORMANCE I Preliminary analyses 01 space radiation protection for The use of models to predict potential contamination A dynamic model of stress and sustained attention lunar base surface systems aboard orbital vehicles p 127 A9025025 I SAE PAPER 891 487 I p 120 A9027454 I SAE PAPER 891 492 I p 111 A90 27459 A study on measuring mental workload I1 Mental load I LUNGS Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedom and salivary cortisol level p 127 A90 26122 Effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on the filtration and long duration life support The work sleep and well being of British charter coefficient in intact dog lungs p 113 A9027628 I SAE PAPER 891 539 I p 161 A90-27503 pilots p 132 A9026244 The investigation of particulate matter in the lungs of Waste management aboard manned spacecraft The effects of extended-operations of inlerential smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-17617 I SAE PAPER 891 550 I p 162 A9027513 multi-cue judgment p 133 A90-26250

A-12 SUBJECT INDEX OCULOMETERS

Reactions to emergency situations in actual and MONKEYS NASAINBS reference model -.-of Telerobot Control simulated flight p 141 N90-17283 Computing with neural maps Application to perceptual System Architecture p 147 A90-239.14 Expertise stress and pilot judgment and cognitive functions Evolution and advanced technology -.-of Flight p 141 N90-17284 I AD-A216689 I p 126 N90-18143 Telerobotic Servicer p 147 A90-23915 Performance recovery following startle A laboratory MONOTONY Conceptual design of a closed loop nutrient solution Maintaining human productivity during Mars transit approach to the study of behavioral response to sudden delivery system for CELSS implementation In a SAE PAPER 891435 p 139 A90-27406 aircraft emergencies p 142 N90 17286 I I micro-gravity environment MOODS I SAE PAPER 891 586 I p 165 A90-27545 Measuring learning ability by dynamic testing Altitude symptomatology and mood states during a climb I AD-A2152731 p 145 N90-17304 NATURAL LANGUAGE (COMPUTERS) to 3,630 meters p 117 A90-26012 Complexity of human language comprehension Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response Psychological study on mood states of altitirde chamber IAD-A214591 I p 144 N90-17299 to cold exposure after cold air acclimation personnel before their chamber mission NECK (ANATOMY) lADA2168171 p 127 N90 18144 p 128 A90-26123 Guidelines for safe human exposure to impact METABOLISM MOTION AFTEREFFECTS acceleration, update A Biogenic amineslmetabolic response profiles of pilots Modulation of the motion aftereffect by selective [AD-A2152871 p 123 N90-17268 .An approach to study physiological responses attention p 127 A90-25472 NERVOUS SYSTEM p 118 A90 26248 MOTION PERCEPTION Lack of effect of vasopressin replacement on renin Metabolic effects of exposure to hypoxia plus cold at Detection of optical flow patterns during low-altitude hypersecretion in Brattleboro rats p 112 A90-27626 rest and during exercise in humans p 119 A90-26322 flight p 135 A90-26277 NEURAL NETS METAL OXIDES Transparency and coherence in human motion 3-D components of a biological neural networkvisualized Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system perception p 139 A9026567 Visual perception of structure from motion in computer generated imagery. I - Macular receptive field for an advanced portable life support system organization p 112 A90-27611 I SAE PAPER 891 595 I p 165 A90-27554 IAD A2164161 p 126 N90-18141 Payload invariant control via neural networks- MICROBIOLOGY MOTION SICKNESS Development and experimental evaluation Definition of a near real-time microbiological monitor for Cerebrovascular effects of motion sickness p 108 A9024747 I AD-A215740 I p 146 N90-173C6 application in space vehicles ISAE PAPER 891541 I p 1Et A90-27505 Motion sickness susceptibility and aerobic fitness - A NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION longitudinal study p It6 A90-26009 Descending pathways to the cutaneus trunci muscle Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem evaluation Simulator sickness in the AH 1s (Cobra) flight motoneuronal cell group in the cat p 112 A90-27622 Microbiological analysis of system hardware pretreatment Simulator NEURONS solutions and product water p 121 N90-17254 [SA€ PAPER 891551 I p 162 A90-27514 I AD-A214562 I Pre-treatment with tyrosine reverses hypothermia Human factors in the naval environment A review of iriduced behavioral depression MICROCOMPUTERS motion sickness and biodynamic problems I 4D-AZt5211 I p 123 N90-17265 A comparison of microcomputer training methods and IAD A2147331 p 121 N90-17258 Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and information sources An exploratory analysis of motion sickness data A time 1 AD-A216349 I p 146 N90-18146 processing in the auditory cortex series approach 14D-A216092 I p 126 N90-18139 MICROGRAVITY APPLICATIONS p 123 N90-17271 [AD-A2155341 NEUROPHYSIOLOGY A system for recycling organic materials in a microgravity A cepstral analysis of EEG (Electroencephalographic) environment p 147 A90-24801 Neurophysiological mechanisms of oculomotor behavior signals in motion sickness studies iri mammals p 110 A90-26378 MICROORGANISMS I AD-A215663 I p 124 N90.17273 Mouse tail-suspension as a model of microgravity - Ecology of micro organisms in a small closed system - MOTION SICKNESS DRUGS Potential benefits and problems for Space Station Therapeutic effects of antimotion sickness medications Effects on skeletal, neural and muscular systems I SAE PAPER 891489 I p 11 1 A90-27456 [SAE PAPER 891491 I p 111 A90 27458 on the secondary symptoms of motion sickness Microbiological contamination control in the Columbus p 115 A9024434 NEUROTRANSMITTERS prolect An exploratory analysis of motion sickness data A time Peripheral nervous velocity of conduction in fighter 1 SAE PAPER 891 534 I p 160 A90-27498 series approach pilots p 142 N90-17287 Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft 1 AD-A21 5534 I p 123 N90 17271 NIGHT FLIGHTS (AIRCRAFT) water system Interim results A cepstral analysis of EEG (Electroencephalographic) Electroluminescent lights for formation flights 1 SAE PAPER 891543 I p 161 A9027507 signals in motion sickness studies p 150 A90-26209 MIDDLE EAR PRESSURE I AD-A215663 I p 124 N90-17273 Measuring stress of helicopter pilots - An analysis c'f The use of tympanometry to detect aerotitis media in MOTION SIMULATION deficiencies in critical flight situations hypobaric chamber operations p 117 A90 26016 Simulator sickness In the AH-IS (Cobra) flight p 133 A90-26249 simulator MILITARY HELICOPTERS NIGHT VISION 1 AD A21 4562 I p 121 N90-17254 Measuring stress of helicopter pilots - An analysis of Attenuating the luminous output of the ANIPVS-5A nigPt deficiencies in critical flight situations MULTISENSOR APPLICATIONS vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity p 133 A9026249 Multisensor integration - A methodological study -- of IAD-AZt48951 p 166 N90-1731I information systems p 152 A90-26220 The use of Simulators in ab initio helicopter training NITROGEN MUSCLES p 133 A90 26259 Regulation of nitrogen uptake and assimilation. Effects Temperature regulation during upper body exercise Able oi nitrogen source, root-zone pH. and aerial CO:! Cobra communications switch integration program bodied and spinal cord inlured p 153 A90-26260 concentration on growth and productivity of soybeans (AD-A2151301 p 122 N90-17264 1 NASA-CR-1775461 p 168 N90-I8147 Exploratory research and development The US Army MUSCULAR FATIGUE NOISE (SOUND) aviator candidate classification algorithm Use of quantitative electromyography (EMG) in the Recognition of environmental sounds p 134 A90 26263 evaluation of fatigue associated with pressure glove I AD-A21 4942 I p 145 N90-17302 Flight safety - A personality profile based designation work NOISE INTENSITY of ab initio helicopter flight training instructors and I SAE PAPER 891 473 I p 120 A90-27441 Evaluation of two objective measures of effective instructor-trainee coupling p 135 A9026275 MUSCULAR FUNCTION auditory stimulus level MILITARY OPERATIONS Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle after 15 days IJ\D-A214669 I p 121 N90-1725!j Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Toxicology of hindlimb suspension p 107 A9044398 NOISE MEASUREMENT [AD A2150761 p 122 N90 17263 Influence of 7 days of hindlimb suspension and Evaluation of two objective measures of effective MISSION PLANNING intermittent weight support on rat muscle mechanical auditory stimulus level FTS operations - Shuttle borne Flight Telerobotic properties p 110 A90-26010 I AD-AZt 4669 I p 121 N90-1725!5 Servicer for Space Station Freedom MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM NOISE THRESHOLD p 147 A90-23913 Atrophy of the soleus muscle by hindlimb unweighting Recognition 01 environmental sounds Medical impact analysis for the Space Station p 107 A90-24395 I AD-AZ149421 p 145 N90-17302 p It5 A9024437 Skeletal muscle adaptation in rats flown on Cosmos NUCLEAR FUSION Pathway in the-sky evaluation military aircraft 1667 p 107 A90-24397 Interstellar and circumstellar molecules and element!; missions p 149 A90-26205 Mouse tail-suspension as a model of microgravity necessary for life p 168 A9026762 A methodology for determining information management Effects on skeletal. neural and muscular systems NUCLEIC ACIDS requirements from a crew oriented mission scenario I SAE PAPER 891 489 I p 111 A90-27456 Nucleic acids and the origins of life p 153 A90-26242 p 169 A90-26760 Descending pathways to the cutaneus trunci muscle Evolution of Space Station - Life sciences program and motoneuronal cell group in the cat p 112 A90-27622 NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS facilities Sweet potato growth parameters. yield components and MUTATIONS 1 SAE PAPER 891474 I p It0 A9027442 nutritive value for appllcatlons Response of Carausius morosus to spaceflight CELSS MODELS 1 SAE PAPER 891 571 I p 112 A90-27532 environment p 109 A90-25331 An exDloratorv,. analvsis of motion sickness data A time series approach The nematode C elegans . A model animal system for IAD-AZ155341 p 123 N90-17271 the detection of genetic and developmental lesions 0 1 SAE PAPER 8914881 p 111 A9027455 Measurina learnina_.. ability bv dvnamic testinq IAD-A2152?31 p 145 N90- 17304 OCEANTEMPERATURE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY The flow of energy, natural learning systems and the The protons of space and brain tumors II -Cellular and N creation of life on earth p 168 A90-2517;' molecular considerations p 109 A9025333 OCULOMETERS MOLECULAR STRUCTURE NASA SPACE PROGRAMS Safety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for Chiral molecules at the origin of life NASA's first dexterous space robot oculometer eyelhead tracker system p 169 A90-26769 D 147 A90-23911 1 AD-A21 5809 I p 125 N90-18138

A-13 ONBOARD DATA PROCESSING SUBJECT INDEX

ONBOARD DATA PROCESSING Smokehoods donned quickly The impact of donning Leader personality and crew effectiveness - A Checklist reading problems in airplanes equipped with smokehoods on evacuation times p 167 N90-17614 full-mission simulation experiment p 135 A90 26271 speech recognition systems PATHOGENESIS Personality based clusters as predictors of aviator I ILR-MITT-223(1989)1 p 167 N90 17314 Emotional stress, postural regulation of blood circulation. attitudes and performance p 135 A90 26273 OPERATOR PERFORMANCE and some discrepancies in the concepts of arterial Personality characteristics of USAF pilot candidates Performance evaluation in full mission simulation . hypertrophy pathogenesis p 110 A90 26379 p 141 N90-17281 Methodological advances and research challenges --- in PATHOLOGY Leader personality and crew effectiveness Factors air transport operations p 128 A90 261 78 The investigation of particulate matter in the lungs of influencing performance in full-mission air transport Personality assessment in aviation selection smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-17617 simulation p 141 N90 17282 p 142 N90-17289 The importance of pathophysiological parameters in fire Personality assessment in aviation selection OPHTHALMOLOGY modelling of aircraft accidents p 125 N90-17618 p 142 N90-17289 Prescribing spectacles for aviators The trials and tribulations of RAF defence mechanism PATTERN RECOGNITION (ADA2148301 p 166 N90 17310 testing p 143 N90 17291 Symbology development for tactical situation displays OPTICAL ACTIVITY PERSONNEL p 150 A9026206 Chiral molecules at the origin of life Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in p 169 A9026769 Frame 01 reference for electronic maps - The relevance antarctica OPTICAL MEASUREMENT of spatial cognition, mental rotation. and componential task IAD-AZ166791 p 126 N90-18142 Safety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for analysis p 150 A90 26207 Insulation. compressibility and absorbency of dry suit Oculometer eyelhead tracker system Measures of subjective variables in visual cognition undergarments IAD-A21 5809 I p 125 N90-18138 I AD-A2t 5084 I p 145 N90 17303 I AD-A215944 I p 168 N90-18149 OPTIMIZATION Computing with neural maps Application to perceptual PERSONNELDEVELOPMENT Pareto optimization design techniques for the AFlT [Air and cognitive functions A review of airline sponsored ab lnltlo pilot training in Force Institute of Technol0gy)lAAMRL (Armstrong I AD-AZ16689) p 126 N90-18143 Europe p 128 A90-26180 Aeronautical Medical Research Laboratory) PATTERN REGISTRATION Developing cockpit resource management training anthropomorphic robotic manipulator Transparency and coherence in human motion curricula for ab initio airline pilot training [ADA2161781 p 168 N90-18150 perception p 139 A90-26567 p 129 A90-26187 ORGANIC MATERIALS PAYLOADCONTROL Flight instructor training as the foundation of ab initio A system for recycling organic materials in a microgravity Payload invariant control via neural networks pilot training p 129 A90-26193 environment p 147 A90-24801 Development and experimental evaluation Integration of a low cost part task trainer (Advanced OXIDIZERS IAD-APt 5740 I p 146 N90-17306 Training Device - ATD) into a flight crew development Development of the catalytic oxidizer technology for the PEPTIDES program p 130 A9026204 European space programme Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure Aircrew Team Dynamics - A comprehensive crew I SAE PAPER 8915331 p 160 A90-27497 in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide management program for America West Airlines pilots and OXYGEN [ AD-A2t 5986 I p 113 N90-18134 flight attendants p 134 A90-26265 Blood flow and oxygen saturation in the brain of intact PERCEPTION PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT and anesthetized rabbits under antiorthostatic influence Proximity compatibility and information display The Crew workload-management strategies - A critical factor p 108 A90 24746 effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall in system performance p 128 A90-26179 OXYGEN BREATHING conditions Developing cockpit resource management training Potential for reduction of decompression sickness by IAD-AZ14488l p 166 N90-17309 curricula for ab initio airline pilot training prebreathing with 100 percent oxygen while exercising PERCEPTUAL ERRORS p 129 A90-26187 ISAE PAPER 8914901 p 120 A90 27457 Heading control and the effects of display Managerial leadership assessment . Personality The characteristics of physiological responses and characteristics p 130 A90 26210 correlates 01 and sex differences in ratings by leaders, tolerance evaluation of pressure breathing Fitts and Jones' analysis of pilot error - 40 years later peers, and followers p 135 A90-26272 [AD-A214991 I p 122 N90-17262 p 133 A90-26253 PERSONNEL SELECTION OXYGEN CONSUMPTION PERCEPTUAL TIME CONSTANT Human Behaviour in High Stress Situations in Aerospace Cerebral tissue oxygen status and psychomotor The method of constant stimuli is inefficient Operations Performance during lower body negative pressure p 140 A90-27636 IAGARD-CP-458 I p 140 N90-17275 (LBNP) p 114 A90-24426 PERFORMANCE PREDICTION Leader personality and crew effectiveness Factors Periodic breathing and 02 saturation in relation to sleep Performance simulation of environmental control influencing performance in full-mission air transport stages at high altitude p 117 A9026013 systems with interface oriented modelling technique simulation p 141 N90-17282 Effect of hypoxia on VO2 kinetics during pseudorandom ISAE PAPER 8914781 p 157 A90-27446 Personality assessment in aviation selection binary sequence exercise p 117 A9026014 Prediction of success in flight training by single- and p 142 N90 17289 OXYGEN METABOLISM dual-task performance p 143 N90.17293 PHASECOHERENCE Cerebral tissue oxygen status and psychomotor Predicting Air Combat Maneuvering (ACM) Transparency and coherence in human motion performance during lower body negative pressure performance p 143 N90~17294 perception p 139 A9026567 (LBNP) p 114 A90-24426 Standardized tests for research with environmental PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OXYGEN PRODUCTION stressors The AGARD STRES battery Photocatalytic post-treatment in waste water Carbon dioxide and water vapor high temperature p 144 N90-17295 reclamation systems electrolysis PERFORMANCE TESTS I SAE PAPER 891 508 I p 159 A9027475 I SAE PAPER 891 506 I p 159 A9027473 Measurement of maximum arrest force in performance PHOTOSYNTHESIS CO2 processing and 02 reclamation system selection tests of fall protection equipment p 154 A90-26850 Carbon use efficiency in optimal environments - for process for future European space programmes Physiological evaluation of men wearing three different photosynthesis in CESS ISAE PAPER 891548) p 162 A9027511 toxicological protective systems I SAE PAPER 891572) p 112 A90-27533 OXYGEN SUPPLY EQUIPMENT IAD-AZ155271 p 167 N90-17313 CELSS engineering .Proportional control of CO2 using Study of advanced system for air revitalization PERIODIC VARIATIONS higher plants ISAE PAPER 8915751 p 164 A9027536 Identifying the circadian cycle in human information [SA€ PAPER 8915731 p 163 A90-27534 Study of air revitalization system for Space Station processing data using periodicity analysis A synopsis PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS [SAE PAPER 8915761 p 164 A9027537 I AD-A214674 I p 121 N90-17257 Results of upper digestive tracl examination of physical PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM examination for flying In aged pilots p 118 A9Q 26126 Peripheral nervous velocity of conduction in fighter PHYSICAL EXERCISE P pilots p 142 N90-17287 Moderate exercise and hemodilution during sleep PERIPHERAL VISION deprivation p 114 A90-24432 PALEOBIOLOGY instrument scanning and subjective workload with the Effect of hypoxia on VO2 kinetics during pseudorandom Early Carboniferous low-temperature hydrothermal vent Peripheral Vision Horizon Display p 152 A90-26219 binary sequence exercise p 117 A90-26014 communities from Newfoundland p 110 A9026566 The effects of cognitive workload on peripheral vision Effect of body weight gain on insulin sensitivity after PANIC p 135 A9026279 retirement from exercise training p IIO A90-26319 Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving Sensitivity of detecting simulated ascent and descent Metabolic effects of exposure to hypoxia plus cold at smoke and fire p 146 N90-17613 in peripheral vision p 136 A90-26280 rest and during exercise in humans p 119 A90-26322 Effectiveness of progressive resistance training for PARALLAX The effects of foveal load on peripheral sensitivity in increasing maximal repelitive lifting capacity Touch-accessed device accuracy in the cockpit - Using the visual field high-resolution touch input p 151 A90-26216 IAD-A2148721 p 122 N90 17260 IAD-AZ152861 p 123 N90-17267 Sensitivity of the peripheral vision to simulated aircraft PHYSICAL FACTORS PARALYSIS ascent and descent p 146 N90-18145 Voice analysis to predict the psychological or physical Temperature regulation during upper body exercise Able PERSONALITY bodied and spinal cord injured state of a speaker p 118 A90-26019 Managerial leadership assessment Personality PHYSICAL FITNESS IAD-AZ151301 p 122 N90-17264 correlates of and sex differences in ratings by leaders, Artificial gravity as a countermeasure in long-duration PARANASAL SINUSES peers and followers p 135 A90 26272 manned space flight p 1 16 A90-24817 Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in aviators with Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in Motion sickness susceptibility and aerobic fitness . A recurrent sinus barotrauma p 115 A90-24433 antarctica longitudinal study p 116 A90-26009 I AD-A216679 I p 126 N90-18142 Effectiveness of progressive resistance training for Medical guidelines for protecting crews with PERSONALITY TESTS increasing maximal repetitive lifting capacity flame-suppressant atmospheres Exploratory research and development - The U S Army I AD-A215286 I p 123 N90-17267 I SAE PAPER 891596 I p 120 A9027555 aviator candidate classification algorithm PHYSICAL WORK PASSENGERS p 134 A9026263 Investigation of the effects of external supports on Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving The DLR test system for ab-initio pilot selection manual lilting smoke and fire p 146 N90-17613 D 134 A9046269 I PB90-103367) p 166 N90 17307 A-14 SUBJECT INDEX PILOT TRAINING

PHYSIOLOGICAL DEFENSES Training for situational awareness -. in flight crews Stress and performance during a simulated flight in a Policy considerations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus p 128 A90-26181 F 16 simulator p 142 N90 17285 (HIV) infection in U S Naval Aviation personnel Analyzing knowledge deficiencies in pilot performance Peripheral nervous velocity of conduction in Iightlsr p 115 A90-24436 p 128 A90-26182 pilots p 142 N90-17287 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Use of flight Simulators to investigate the effects of The trials and tribulations of RAF defence mechanism Influence of single hindlimb support during simulated alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance I testing p 143 N90 17291 weightlessness in the rat p 110 A9026321 p 149 A90-26199 Predicting Air Combat Maneuvering (AChI) The 1988 1989 NASA spacelgravitational biology Use of flight simulators to investigate the effects of performance p 143 N90 17294 accomplishments alcohol and other drugs on pilot Performance II Development of a performance-based test of gaze I NASA TM-4160 I p 113 N90 17251 p 130 A90-26200 capability A threshold approach Investigation of the effects of external supports on Is VERTIGUARD the answer? --- for fighter aircraft 14D-AZ146751 p 145 N90-I7301 manual lilting control during pilot spatial disorientation Proximity compatibility and information display The I PB90-103367 1 p 166 N90-17307 p 151 A90-26213 effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES Pilot assessment of the AH-64 helmet mounted display cmditions Motion sickness susceptibility and aerobic fitness . A system p 151 A90 26217 I AD-AZ144881 p 166 N90 17309 longitudinal study p 116 A90-26009 Pilot evaluation of selected colors and scales using a Checklist reading problems in airplanes equipped with Effect of hypoxia on V02 kinetics during pseudorandom digitized map display p 151 A90-26218 speech recognition systems binary sequence exercise p 117 A90-26014 Pilot response to avoidance regions depicted on I ILR-MITT-223(1989) I p 167 N90 17314 Biogenic amineslmetabolic response profiles of pilots alternate TCAS ll resolution advisory displays PILOT SELECTION - An approach to study physiological responses p 152 A90-26223 Results of upper digestive tract examination of physica p 118 A90-26248 Pilot training Artificial intelligence vs pilot intelligence examination for flying in aged pilots p 118 A90-261213 The characteristics of physiological responses and p 153 A90-26226 Training for advanced cockpit technology aircraft tolerance evaluation of pressure breathing A contextual analysis of pilot decision making p 129 A90-26184 I AD-A214991 I p 122 N90 17262 p 131 A90 26228 A Q-sort assessment of flight instruction as ail Pre-treatment with tyrosine reverses hypothermia General aviation pilot perceptions of deteriorating occupational choice by B S degree seeking aviatioii induced behavioral depression weather conditions p 131 A9028229 students - Progress report p 130 A90-261913 [AD-A215211 I p 123 N90 17265 The work sleep, and well being of British charter Pilot evaluation of selected colors and scales using ti Sensations of temperature and humidity during pilots p 132 A90-26244 digitized map display p 151 A90 262113 intermittent exercise and the influence of underwear knit A reappraisal of aging and pilot performance Exploratory research and development - The U S Armv structure p 132 A90-26246 aviator candidate classification algorithm IAD-A2152851 p 123 N90-17266 Cabin crew and super long haul flight . Preliminary p 134 A90-26263 Psychological and physiological responses of blacks and findings p 132 A90-26247 Using the Canadian Automaled Pilot Selection System Caucasians to hand cooling Biogenic amineslmetabolic response profiles of pilots to predict performance in primary flying training Straight I AD-A2 15646 I p 124 N90-17272 - An approach to study physiological responses arid level flight p 134 A90-26264 Stress and performance during a simulated flight in a p 118 A90-26248 Comparison of training performance criteria for WAF F-16 simulator p 142 N90-17285 Measuring stress of helicopter pilots - An analysis of pilot selection and classification p 134 A90 26267 Performance recovery following startle A laboratory deficiencies in critical flight situations Selecting student naval pilots for training pipelines ancl approach to the study of behavioral response to sudden p 133 A9026249 post-graduate flying duty assignments aircraft emergencies p 142 N90 17286 Fatigue and safety. A reassessment p 134 A90 2626E Physiological evaluation of men wearing three different p 133 A90-26251 The DLR test system for ab-initio pilot Selection toxicological protective systems Linear structural modeling of pilot risk perception p 134 A90-26269 IAD A2155271 p 167 N90 17313 Solutions to problems of non-normal response Leader personalily and crew effectiveness A The importance of pathophysiological parameters in fire distributions p 133 A90-26252 full-mission simulation experiment p 135 A90 26271 modelling of aircraft accidents p 125 N90-17618 Differences in cockpit communication Is heart rate a valid. reliable. and applicable index of PHYSIOLOGY p 153 A9026255 pilot workload in commercial transport aircraft? Regulation of nitrogen uptake and assimilation Effects Testing for potential problem pilots and human error in p 119 A9026293 of nitrogen source, root zone pH. and aerial CO2 the cockpit p 133 A90-26256 Review of serious aircraft accidents in the Belgian Air concentration on growth and productivity of soybeans Cobra communications switch integration program Force Causes and comparison with selection data I NASA-CR 177546 I p 168 N90-18147 p 153 A90-26260 p 140 N90-17277 PHYTOTRONS Pilot competency . An analysis of abilities requisite to Accidents in fighter aircraft caused by human factors A modeling system for control of the thermal and fluid professional flight crew development Why do they occur p 140 N90-17278 dynamics of the NASA CELSS Crop Growth Research p 134 A90 26262 Personality characteristics of USAF pilot candidates Chamber Using the Canadian Automated Pilot Selection System p 141 N90 17281 I SAE PAPER 891 570 I p 163 A90-27531 to predict performance in primary flying training - Straight Training and selecting individuals for high levels of A telescience monitoring and control concept for a and level flight p 134 A90-26264 information processing load p 142 N90-I7288 CELSS plant growth chamber Selecting student naval pilots for training pipelines and Principle guidelines for the psychological screening of I SAE PAPER 891 585 1 p 165 A90-27544 post-graduate flying duly assignments candidate pilots for the Belgian Air Force Atmosphere control for plant growth flight experiments p 134 A9026268 p 143 N90-17292 I SAE PAPER 891 587 I p 165 A9027546 The DLR lest system for ab-initio pilot selection PILOT TRAINING PILOT ERROR p 134 A90-26269 Change in saliva cortisol level of F-I5 fighter pilots flying Training for situational awareness .-.in flight crews The use of surrogate measurement for the prediction several training missions p 118 A90 26124 p 128 A90-26181 of flight training performances p 134 A90-26270 A review of airline sponsored ab initio pilot training in Analyzing knowledge deficiencies in pilot performance Leader personality and crew effectiveness - A Europe p 128 A90 26180 p 128 A90 26182 full mission simulation experiment p 135 A90 26271 Training for sttuat~onalawareness ~nflight crews General aviation pilot perceptions of deteriorating Managerial leadership assessment - Personality p 128 A90-26181 weather conditions p 131 A90-26229 correlates of and sex differences in ratings by leaders, Training pilots for the automated cockpit Sanity. common sense and air safety - Keys to peers and followers p 135 A90-26272 p 148 A90-26183 understanding pilot error p 131 A90-26232 Personality based clusters as predictors of aviator Training for advanced cockpit technology aircraft Beyond CRM to decisional heuristics An airline attitudes and performance p 135 A90-26273 p 129 A90-26184 generated model to examine accidents and incidents Apparent limitations of head-up-displays and thermal Developing cockpit resource management training caused by crew errors in deciding .--Cockpit Resource imaging systems p 153 A90 26276 curricula for ab initio airline pilot training Management p 131 A90-26237 An empirical investigation of the effect of virtual D 129 A90-26187 The U S naval aircrew coordination training program collimated displays on visual performance The manufacturer s role in training program development p 132 A90-26240 p 154 A90-26283 ... for aircraft pilots p 149 A90-26188 Fitts and Jones' analysis of pilot error - 40 years later TASKILLAN . A Simulation to predict the validity of Transfer of landing skills in beginning flight training p 133 A9026253 multiple resource models of aviation workload p 129 A90-26190 Testing for potential problem pilots and human error in p 136 A90-26286 Display principles. control dynamics. and environmental the cockpit p 133 A90-26256 STALL validation -- Saturation of Tactical Aviator Load factors in pilot performance and transfer of training A human performance re-interpretation of factors Limits p 137 A90-26288 p 149 A90-26191 contributing to an airline aviation accident The processing demands of tracking strategies --.in An evaluation of integrated commercial flight training p 138 A90 26298 aircraft p 137 A90-26289 p 129 A90-26194 ATC control and communications problems . An Dissociation revisited - Workload and performance in A comparison of an inlegrated instrumentlprivate pilot overview of recent ASRS data p 139 A90-26307 a simulated flight task p 137 A90-26290 and an accelerated instrument flight training program Review of serious aircraft accidents in the Belgian Air In-flight and post-flight assessment of pilot workload in p 130 A9046195 Force Causes and comparison with selection data commercial transport aircraft using SWAT -.-Subjective A Q-sort assessment of flight instruction as an p 140 N90-17277 Workload Assessment Technique p 137 A90-26292 occupational choice by B S degree seeking aviation Accidents in fighter aircraft caused by human factors ATC control and communications problems An students - Progress report p 130 A90-26198 Why do they occur p 140 N90 17278 overview of recent ASRS data p 139 A90-26307 Interactive. real-time formation flight concept trainer PILOT PERFORMANCE Accidents in fighter aircraft caused by human factors p 149 A90-26201 Trends and individual differences in response to Why do they occur p 140 N90-17278 Integration of a low cost part task trainer (Advanced short-haul flight operations p 127 A90-24431 Psychological reactions of pilots involved in accidents Training Device ATD) into a flight crew development Pilot-vehicle analysis of multiaxis tasks in the Swedish Air Force p 140 N90-17279 program p 130 A9026204 p 127 A9025996 Personality characteristics of USAF pilot candidates P'lot training Artificial intelligence vs pilot intelligence International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th, p 141 N90 17281 p 153 A90-26226 Columbus, OH, Apr 17-20. 1989. Proceedings Volumes Expertise stress. and pilot judgment Pilot judgment in TCA-related flight planning 1 &2 p 128 A9026176 p 141 N90 17284 p 131 A90-26230

A-15 PLANETARY BASES SUBJECT INDEX

Key questions lor maximum CRM effectiveness or the Use of quantitative electromyography (EMG) in the PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE unaddressed questions in CRM Cockpit Resource evaluation of latigue associated with pressure glove Cerebral tissue oxygen status and psychomotor Management p 132 A90 26238 work performance during lower body negative pressure CRM validation program p 132 A90 26239 I SAE PAPER 891 473 I p 120 A9027441 (LBNP) p 114 A9024426 The U S naval aircrew coordination training program PRESSURIZED CABINS Eflects of heat stress on cognitive and psychomotor p 132 A9026240 Design of the Environmental Control and Life Support performance with and without head cooling What do pilots know about the 04 percent BAC rule? Systems lor the Columbus pressurized modules p 118 A90 26243 Blood Alcohol Concentration p 132 A90 26245 lSAE PAPER 891531 I p 160 A9027495 The DLR test system lor ab initio pilot selection Testing for potential problem pilots and human error in PRIMITIVE EARTH ATMOSPHERE p 134 A90 26269 the cockpit p 133 A90-26256 The formation of the building blocks of life on the Personality characteristics of USAF pilot candidates The use of simulators in ab initio helicopter training primordial earth p 169 A90-26766 p 141 N90 17281 p 133 A90 26259 Nucleic acids and the origins of life PSYCHOPHYSICS In the beginning Ab initio training lor tiltrotor crews Multisensor integration A methodological study of p 169 A90-26768 .. p 133 A90-26261 inlormation systems p 152 A90-26220 PRODUCTIVITY Flight Salety A personality-prolile-based designation The perceptual buildup 01 three dimensional structure Maintaining human productivity during Mars transit 01 ab initio helicopter (light training instructors and from motion ISAE PAPER 8914351 p 139 A9047406 instructor trainee coupling p 135 A9026275 IADA2146401 p 144 N90 17300 Personality characteristics 01 USAF pilot candidates Regulation of nitrogen uptake and assimilation Eflects Visual perception of structure from motion p 141 N90 17281 of nitrogen source, root zone pH and aerial CO2 1 AD-AZ16416 I p 126 N90 18141 Training and selecting individuals lor high levels of concentration on growth and productivity of soybeans PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY inlormation processing load p 142 N90 17288 I NASA-CR 177546 I p 168 N90-18147 Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in The trials and tribulations 01 RAF defence mechanism PROTECTION antarctica testing p 143 N90 17291 Measurement of maximum arrest force in performance IAD A2166791 p 126 N90-18142 1 tests 01 (all protection equipment p 154 A90 26850 PLANETARYBASES Computing with neural maps Application to perceptual The challenge of internal contamination in spacecralt The research program at the Civil Aeromedical Institute and cognitive functions stations and planetary bases concerning protective breathing equipment for use by crew I AD A216689 I p 126 N90 18143 ISAE PAPER 8915121 p 11 1 A9027478 and passengers in an aviation smokelfume environment PLANTS (BOTANY) p 167 N90-17616 The characteristics of physiological responses and A system lor recycling organic materials in a microgravity PROTECTIVE CLOTHING tolerance evaluation of pressure breathing environment p 147 A90 24801 Physiologic correlates of protection afforded by anti-G [AD A214991 1 p 122 N90-17262 suits p 114 A90-24427 Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure CELSS engineering Proportional control of CO2 using in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide higher plants Clothing microclimate of anti exposure suit for aircrew IAD A2159861 p 113 N90 18134 I SAE PAPER 891573 I p 163 A9027534 p 148 A90-26127 Physiological evaluation 01 men wearing three different PULMONARY FUNCTIONS A telescience monitoring and control concept for a Ellect 01 lysophosphatidylcholine on the filtration CELSS plant growth chamber toxicological protective systems IAD-A2155271 p 167 N90-17313 coefficient in intact dog lungs p 113 A90-27628 1 SAE PAPER 891585 I p 165 A90 27544 PULSE DURATION Smokehoods donned quickly The impact 01 donning Conceptual design of a closed loop nutrient solution EEG reactions in humans to light flashes of various smokehoods on evacuation times p 167 N90-17614 delivery system for CELSS implementation in a frequency p 119 A9026380 micro gravlty environment Some practical advice on cold weather clothing PURSUIT TRACKING I SAE PAPER 891586 I p 165 A9027545 IAD A2159361 p 168 N90 18148 The role 01 smooth pursuit in suppression of Atmosphere control for plant growth flight experiments Insulation compressibility and absorbency 01 dry suit post rotational nystagmus p 114 A90 24429 ISAE PAPER 891587) p 165 A9027546 undergarments POLAR REGIONS I AD A21 5944 I p 168 N90-18149 Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Q to cold exposure after cold air acclimation The early emergence of proteins p 169 A9026767 I AD A21681 7 1 p 127 N90 18144 PROTON IRRADIATION QUALIFICATIONS POLYMERIZATION Delayed effects 01 proton irradiation in Macaca mulatta Using the Canadian Automated Pilot Selection System The early emergence 01 proteins p 169 A90 26767 (22 year summary) p 109 A9025330 to predict performance in primary flying training . Straight PORTABLE LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS The protons 01 space and brain tumors I Clinical and and level flight p 134 A90-26264 Lile support Future trends and developments dosimetric considerations p 109 A90 25332 I SAE PAPER 891 549 I p 162 A90 27512 The protons of space and brain tumors II Cellular and Development of a preprototype Advanced molecular considerations p 109 A90 25333 R Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AEMU) regenerable Iile PROXIMITY support subsystem . A progress report Proximity compatibility and information display The RACE FACTORS I SAE PAPER 891 579 I p 164 A90 27539 effects 01 space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall Psychological and physiological responses of blacks and Thermal sink lor the advanced extravehicular mobility conditions Caucasians to hand cooling unit portable life support system I AD-AP144881 p 166 N90-17309 I AD-AZt 5646 1 p 124 N90-17272 I SAE PAPER 891581 I p 164 A90 27541 PSEUDORANDOMSEQUENCES RADAR IMAGERY A helmet mounted display demonstration unit fora Space Effect of hypoxia on VO2 kinetics during pseudorandom Evaluation of Simulation techniques of Synthetic Station application binary sequence exercise p 117 A90-26014 Aperture Radar images for inclusion in weapon systems I SAE PAPER 891 583 I p 164 A90 27543 Measurement of the impulse response 01 the human trainers p 150 A902621 1 Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal sysiem visual system using correlation techniques RADIATION DOSAGE for an advanced portable life support system I AD-A215667 I p 124 N90-17274 Delayed elfects of proton irradiation in Macaca mulatta I SAE PAPER 891595 I p 165 A9027554 PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS (22-year summary) p 109 A90 25330 POSITION ERRORS Possibilities of using flight simulators for continuous The protons of space and brain tumors I . Clinical and Heading control and the effects of display medical supervision 01 aircraft personnel dosimetric considerations p 109 A9045332 characteristics p 130 A90 26210 p 115 A90 24759 Radiological health risks POSTURE Altitude symptomatology and mood states during a climb I SAE PAPER 891432 I p 119 A90 27403 The influence of visual cue upon the center of foot to 3 630 meters p 117 A90-26012 RADIATION EFFECTS pressure (CFP) and muscle activities in posture control . Psychological reactions 01 pilots involved in accidents The nematode C elegans A model animal system for Under a 1 5 degree visual lield condition in the Swedish Air Force p 140 N90-17279 the detection of genetic and developmental lesions p 118 A90-26125 PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS I SAE PAPER 891488 1 p 11 1 A90 27455 I POTABLE WATER Voice analysis to predict the psychological or physical Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Toxicology A novel membrane based water reclamation state of a speaker p 118 A90 26019 IAD A2150761 p 122 N90-17263 I posttreatment unit A Q-sort assessment 01 flight instruction as an Structural alterations in the cornea from exposure to I SAE PAPER 891446 I p 155 A90 27417 occupational choice by B S degree seeking aviation infrared radiation students Progress report p 130 A90-26198 POTATOES IAD A2153401 p 123 N90 17269 Review 01 serious aircraft accidents in the Belgian Air Sweet potato growth parameters yield components and RADIATION HAZARDS Force Causes and comparison with selection data nutritive value for CELSS applications Biophysical aspects 01 heavy ion interactions in matter p 140 N90 17277 [SAE PAPER 891571 I p 112 A90 27532 p 109 A90 25329 The descent from the Olimpus The effect 01 accidents PREDICTION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES Response of Carausius morosus to spaceflight on aircrew SUNIVO~S p 141 N90 17280 WIINDEX A crew workload prediction tool PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS environment p 109 A9045331 p 154 A90 26296 Principle guidelines lor the psychological screening of Radiological health risks PRESSURE BREATHING candidate pilots for the Belgian Air Force ISAE PAPER 8914321 p 119 A90 27403 The characteristics of physiological responses and p 143 N90-17292 Salety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for tolerance evaluation of pressure breathing PSYCHOMETRICS oculometer eyelhead tracker system lADA2149911 p 122 N90 17262 The method of constant stimuli is inefficient I AD A21 5809 1 p 125 N90-18138 PRESSURE REGULATORS p 140 A90-27636 RADIATION PROTECTION Bio-reactor chamber Measuring learning ability by dynamic testing PrOmotiOn 01 a new radioprotective antioxidative agent I NASA CASE-MSC 20929-1 I p 113 N90-17252 (AD-AZ15273 I p 145 N90-17304 p 109 A9025334 PRESSURE SUITS Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) Preliminary analyses of space radiation protection for Physiologic correlates 01 protection afforded by anti-G A user's guide lunar base surlace systems suits p 114 A9024427 1 AD-A215405 I p 167 N90-17312 I SAE PAPER 8914871 p 120 A90-27454

A-16 SUBJECT INDEX SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

RADIATION TOLERANCE REMOTE MANIPULATOR SYSTEM ROOMS Structural alterations in the cornea from exposure to Design overview --- of Flight Telerobotic Servrcer Space station wardroom habitability and equipment infrared radiation system p 147 A90-23912 study IAD-AZ153401 p 123 N90-I7269 REPETITION I NASA-CR-4246I p 166 N90 17308 RADIO COMMUNICATION Effectiveness of progressive resistance training for ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT Cobra communications switch integration program increasing maximal repetitive lifting capacity The U S naval aircrew coordination training program p 153 A90-26260 I AD-A215286 I p 123 N90 17267 p 132 A90 26240 RADIOBIOLOGY RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ROTATING BODIES Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter Beyond CRM to decisional heuristics - An airline Angular velocity discrimination p 139 A90 27635 p 109 A90-25329 generated model to examine accidents and incidents Delayed effects of proton irradiation in Macaca mulatta caused by crew errors in deciding -.-Cockpit Resource Management p 131 A90-26237 (22-year summary) p 109 A90-25330 S Key questions for maximum CRM effectiveness or the Response of Carausius morosus to spaceflight unaddressed questions in CRM -- Cockpit Resource environment p 109 A90-25331 SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENTS Management p 132 A90-26238 The protons of space and brain tumors. I - Clinical and Neurophysiologicalmechanisms of oculomotor behavior CRM validation program p 132 A9026239 in mammals p It0 A90-26:178 dosimetric considerations p 109 A90-25332 Cockpit resource management skills enhance combat The protons of space and brain tumors. II -Cellular and mission performance in a 6-52 simulator SAFETY Guidelines for safe human exposure to impact molecular considerations p 109 A90-25333 p 132 A9026241 Promotion of a new radioprotective antioxidative agent Personality based clusters as predictors of aviator acceleration. update A IAD-AZ152871 p 123 N90 17268 p 109 A9025334 attitudes and performance p 135 A90 26273 RATINGS RESPIRATION The importance of pathophysiologicalparameters in fire Insulation. compressibility and absorbency of dry suit Carbon use efficiency in optimal environments --- for modelling of aircraft accidents p 125 N90 17618 undergarments photosynthesis in CELSS Safety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for IAD-AZt 5944 1 p 168 N90-18149 [SAE PAPER 8915721 p 112 A90-27533 oculometer eyelhead tracker system REACTION KINETICS The investigation of particulate matter in the lungs of I AD-A21 5809 I p 125 N90 18138 Statistically based decompression tables 5: smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-17617 SAFETY FACTORS Haldane-Vann models for air diving Regulation of nitrogen uptake and assimilation Effects Fatigue and safety - A reassessment 1 AD-A214934 I p 122 N90-17261 of nitrogen source root-zone pH. and aerial CO2 p 133 A9026251 REACTION TIME concentration on growth and productivity of soybeans Waste management aboard manned spacecraft Performance recovery following startle: A laboratory [ NASA-CR-177546 I p 168 N90-18147 1 SAE PAPER 891550 I p 162 A90 27513 approach to the study of behavioral response to sudden RESPIRATORY DISEASES SALIVA aircraft emergencies p 142 N90-17286 The investigation of particulate matter in the lungs of A study on measuring mental workload II - Mental load Feedback effects in computer-based skill learning smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-17617 and salivary cortisol level p 127 A90-26122 RESPIRATORY RATE I AD-A2145601 p 144 N90-17298 Change in saliva cortisol level of F-I5 fighter pilots flying Periodic breathing and 02saturation in relation to sleep READING several training missions p 118 A9026124 Readability improvements of emergency checklists stages a1 high altitude p 117 A90-26013 --. SCANNING in civil aviation p 151 A90-26214 REST Development of a performance based test of gaze REAL TIME OPERATION Effect of body weight gain on insulin sensitivity after capability A threshold approach Definition of a near real-time microbiologicalmonitor for retirement from exercise training p 110 A9026319 I AD-AZt 4675 I p 145 N90 17301 application in space vehicles Metabolic effects of exposure to hypoxia plus cold at ISAE PAPER 891541 I p 161 A90-27505 rest and during exercise in humans p 119 A90-26322 SCENE ANALYSIS RECOGNITION Use of self-induced hypnosis to modify thermal balance Frame of reference for electronic maps The relevance Development of a performance-based test of gaze during cold water immersion of spatial cognition mental rotation and componentialtask capabilily: A threshold approach [AD-A2161561 p 126 N90 18140 analysis p 150 A90 26207 I AD-AZt4675) p 145 N90-17301 RETINA The effect of changes in edge and flow rates on altitude Stimulus familiarity determines recognition strategy for Vascular response of retinal arteries and veins lo acute control --- in visual flight p 136 A90 26284 novel 3-D objects hypoxia of 8000, 10.000, 12.500. and 15,000 feet 01 SEMANTICS I AD-AZt 5274 I p 145 N90-I7305 simulated altitude p 114 A90-24428 Complexity of human language comprehension RECREATION RISK [AD A214591 I p 144 N90-17299 Sensations of temperature and humidity during Linear structural modeling of pilot risk perception . SENSORIMOTOR PERFORMANCE intermittent exercise and the inlluence of underwear knit Solutions to problems of non-normal response The influence of visual cue upon the center of foot structure distributions p 133 A90-26252 pressure (CFP) and muscle activities in posture contrcd IAD-AZ15285 I p 123 N90-17266 Rates and risk factors for accidents and incidents versus Under a 1 5-degree visual field conditmn RECYCLING violations for U S airmen p 138 A90-26302 p 118 A90-26125 A system for recyclingorganic materialsin a microgravity Environmental quality and occupational health Special SENSORY PERCEPTION environment p 147 A90-24801 Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) Linear structural modeling 01 pilot risk perception . REDUCED GRAVITY IAD-AZ147381 p 121 N90-17259 Solutions to problems of non normal response Microgravlty sensitivities for Space Station ECLS ROBOT ARMS distributions p 133 A9026252 subsystems FTS operations --- Shuttle-borne Flight Telerobotic Exploring situational awareness - A review and the [SAE PAPER 8914831 p 158 A9027450 Servicer for Space Station Freedom effects of stress on rectilinearnormalization --- aircraft pilot Mouse tail-suspension as a model of microgravity - p 147 A90-23913 performance p 134 A90-26266 Effects on skeletal. neural and muscular systems Evolution and advanced technology . . of Flight The characteristics of physiological responses and ISAE PAPER 8914891 p 111 A90-27456 Telerobotic Servicer p 147 A9023915 tolerance evaluation of pressure breathing Conceptual design of a closed loop nutrient Solution Pareto optimization design techniques lor the AFlT (Air iADA2149911 p 122 N90 17262 delivery system for CELSS implementation in a Force Institute of Technology)lAAMRL (Armstrong Sensations of temperalure and humidity during micro-gravityenvironment Aeronautical Medical Research Laboratory) intermittent exercise and the influence of underwear knit [SAE PAPER 8915861 p 165 A90-27545 anthropomorphic robotic manipulator structure The 1988-1989 NASA spacelgravitational biology IAD-A216178 I p 168 N90-18150 I AD-A215285 I p 123 N90 17266 accomplishments ROBOT DYNAMICS Use of self induced hypnosis to modify thermal balance INASA-TM-41601 p 113 N90-17251 NASA's first dexterous space robot during cold water immersion REDUNDANCY p 147 A90-23911 AD-AZ16156 I p 126 N90 18140 Are two sources of cockpit information better than NASAlNBS reference model --.of Telerobot Control Computing with neural maps Application to perceptual one? p 152 A90-26221 System Architecture p 147 A90-23914 and cognitive functions REFLEXES ROBOT SENSORS AD-A216689 I p 126 N90-18143 Development of a performance-based test of gaze Design Overview .--of Flight Telerobotic Servicer SERVICE MODULES capability: A threshold approach system p 147 A90-23912 Concept design of the Special Purpose Dexterous I AD-A21 4675 I p 145 N90-17301 ROBOTICS Manipulator for the Space Station Mobile Servicing REGENERATION (PHYSIOLOGY) Manual control of the Langley Laboratory telerobotic System p 146 A90 23898 Human in closed ecological system manipulator p 147 A90-24022 SHAPES p 148 A90-24804 Payload invariant control via neural networks Measures of subjective variables in visual cognition REGULATIONS Development and experimental evaluation i AD-A215084 I p 145 N90-17303 What do pilots know about the .04 percent BAG rule? I AD-A215740 1 p 146 N90-17306 SHOWERS --- Blood Alcohol Concentration p 132 A90-26245 Pareto Optimization design techniques for the AFlT (Air Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water . A The research program at the Civil Aeromedical Institute Force Institute of Techno1ogy)lAAMRL (Armstrong summary concerning protective breathingequipment for use by crew Aeronautical Medical Research Laboratory) I SAE PAPER 8914431 p 155 A90-27414 and passengers in an aviation smokelfume environment anthropomorphic robotic manipulator SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS p 167 N90-17616 I AD-A216178 I p 168 N90-18150 Therapeutic eflects of antimotion sickness medications REGULATORY MECHANISMS (BIOLOGY) ROBOTS on the secondary symptoms of motion sickness Regulation of hemopoiesis in an organism exposed to Job planning and execution monitoring for a p 115 A90 24434 extreme factors --- Russian book p 107 A90-24220 human-robot symbiotic system Simulator sickness in the AH IS (Cobra) flight The trials and tribulations of RAF defence mechanism I DE90-004464 I p 167 N90-17315 simulator testing p 143 N90-17291 RODENTS I AD-A214562 I p 121 N90-17254 REMOTE CONTROL The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility as a barrier Human factors in the naval environment A review of Manual control of the Langley Laboratory telerobotic to environmental contamination motion sickness and biodynamic problems manipulator p 147 A90-24022 I SAE PAPER 89151 7 I p 111 A9027482 I AD-A214733 I p 121 N90 17258

A-17 SKIN (ANATOMY) SUBJECT INDEX

Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in Water recovery by vapor compression distillation --.for Preliminary design of JEM Environmental Control and antarctica Space Station ECLSS Lile Support System IAD A2166791 p 126 N90 18142 I SAE PAPER 891444 I p 155 A90-27415 I SAE PAPER 891574 I p 163 A90 27535 SKIN (ANATOMY) Leak detection lor Space Station Freedom fluid lines Study 01 advanced system for air revitalization Descending pathways to the cutaneus trunci muscle I SAE PAPER 891448 I p 155 A90 27418 I SAE PAPER 891575 I p 164 A90 27536 motoneuronal cell group in the cat p 112 A9027622 Space Station Freedom carbon dioxide removal Study of air revitalization system for Space Station ISAE PAPER 8915761 p 164 A90 27537 SLEEP assembly Periodic breathing and 02 saturation in relation to sleep I SAE PAPER 891 449 I p 155 A90 27419 Applicability of membrane distillation method to space experimental waste water treatment stages at high altitude p 117 A90 26013 Preliminary evaluation 01 a membrane gas separation I SAE PAPER 891578 I p 164 A90 27538 The work sleep and well-being 01 British charter unit for Space Station Freedom atmosphere revitalization Development 01 a preprototype Advanced pilots p 132 A9026244 subsystem Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AEMU) regenerable life SLEEP DEPRIVATION [SAE PAPER 8914501 p 156 A90-27420 Moderate exercise and hemodilution during sleep support subsystem A progress report Atmospheric Composition Monitor Assembly lor Space deprivation p 114 A9024432 I SAE PAPER 891 579 I p 164 A90 27539 Station Freedom Environmental Control and Life Support SMOKE Advanced portable life support system component System Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving integration and system testing [SAE PAPER 891451 I p 156 A90-27421 smoke and fire p 146 N90 17613 I SAE PAPER 891 580 I p 164 A90-27540 Smokehoods donned quickly The impact of donning Vacuum resource provision lor Space Station A helmet mounted display demonstratton unit fora Space smokehoods on evacuation times p 167 N90 17614 Freedom Station application The investigation 01 particulate matter in the lungs of I SAE PAPER 891453 I p 156 A9027423 I SAE PAPER 891 583 I p 164 A90-27543 smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-17617 Space Station Freedom active internal thermal control Performance evaluation 01 advanced space suit SOFTWARE TOOLS system - A descriptive overview concepts lor Space Station WllNDEX - A crew workload prediction tool [SAE PAPER 8914581 p 156 A9027427 I SAE PAPER 891 591 I p 165 A90-27550 p 154 A90-26296 Avionics air cooling for Space Station Freedom Space Station wardroom habitability and equipment Performance simulation of environmental control ISAE PAPER 8914591 p 156 A90-27428 study systems with interface oriented modelling technique A preliminary heat flow analysis 01 the U S Laboratory I NASA-CR-4246 1 p 166 N90-17308 I SAE PAPER 8914781 p 157 A90-27446 and Habitation modules SPACE SUITS SOLARPROTONS ISAE PAPER 8914601 p 156 A90-27429 A human factors evaluation 01 Extravehicular Activity Delayed eflects 01 proton irradiation in Macaca mulatta Evolution 01 Space Station Life sciences program and gloves (22 year summary) p 109 A9025330 facilities I SAE PAPER 891 472 I p 157 A9027440 SOLARSYSTEM lSAE PAPER 8914741 p 110 A9027442 Development activities for the European EVA Space Suit Publications of the Exobiology Program for 1988 A Outfitting of the crew health care system lor the Space System (ESSS) special bibliography Station Freedom ISAE PAPER 891544) p 162 A90-27508 [NASA-TM 41691 p 169 N90-17316 ISAE PAPER 8914761 p 157 A90 27444 Decompression sickness risks for European EVA SOLID WASTES The impact of the water recovery and management I SAE PAPER 8915461 p 120 A90-27509 Electrochemical incineration 01 wastes (WRM) subsystem wastewater recovery efficiency upon Performance evaluation 01 advanced space suit [SAE PAPER 8915101 p 159 A90-27477 the Space Station Freedom ECLSS water balance concepts for Space Station SOUND INTENSITY I SAE PAPER 891 482 I p 158 A90 27449 I SAE PAPER 891 591 I p 165 A9027550 Effect 01 contralateral masking parameters on difference Microgravity sensitivities lor Space Station ECLS Results and applications 01 a space suit range-of-motion limen lor intensity subsystems study IAD A2141691 p 125 N90 18135 ISAE PAPER 8914831 p 158 A90 27450 ISAE PAPER 8915921 p 165 A90-27551 SOUND PRESSURE Feasibility 01 a common clectrolyzer for Space Station SPACE TOOLS Elfect 01 contralateral masking parameters on difference Freedom -- life support systems Concept design 01 the Special Purpose Dexterous limen for intensity I SAE PAPER 8914841 p 158 A90-27451 Manipulator lor the Space Station Mobile Servicing I AD-AZ14169 I p 125 N90 18135 Ecology 01 micro-organisms in a small closed system System p 146 A90-23898 SPACE ADAPTATION SYNDROME Potential benefits and problems lor Space Station NASA s lirst dexterous space robot Periodic acceleration stimulation in space ISAE PAPER 891491 I p 11 1 A90-27458 p 147 A90 2391 1 [SAE PAPER 891434 I p 119 A9027405 System level design analyses lor the Space Station FTS operations -- Shuttle-borne Flight Telerobotic SPACEBASES Environmental Control and Life Support System Servicer lor Space Station Freedom The challenge of internal Contamination in spacecraft ISAE PAPER 8915001 p 158 A90 F467 p 147 A90-23913 stations and planetary bases Mass analysis for the Space Station ECLSS using the NASAINBS relerence model --- of Telerobot Control [SAE PAPER 8915121 p 111 A90 27478 balance spreadsheet method System Architecture p 147 A90 23914 SPACE FLIGHT STRESS I SAE PAPER 891 502 I p 158 A90 27469 Evolution and advanced technology -- of Flight Humans in space - Medical challenges Artificial intelligence application to advanced ECLS Telerobotic Servicer p 147 A90 23915 p 116 A9024769 systems SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS Response 01 Carausius morosus to spaceflight I SAE PAPER 891 503 I p 158 A90-27470 Evolution 01 Space Station Lile sciences program and environment p 109 A90 25331 Performance characterization of water recovery and facilities Motion sickness susceptibility and aerobic fitness A water quality from chemicallorganic waste products I SAE PAPER 891 474 I p 110 A90 27442 longitudinal study p 116 A90 26009 I SAE PAPER 891 509 I p 159 A9027476 Atmosphere control lor plant growth flight experiments SPACE HABITATS Space Station Freedom gaseous trace contaminant load I SAE PAPER 8915871 D 165 A9027546 Bioregenerative space and terrestrial habitat model development SPACECRAFT CABIN ATMOSPHERES p 148 A90-24802 [SAE PAPER 8915131 p 160 A90 27479 Advantages of a low-oxygen environment in space Human in closed ecological system A rationale for atmospheric monitoring on Space Station cabins p 148 A90-26020 p 148 A9024804 Freedom Space Station Freedom carbon dioxide removal Human life support during interplanetary travel and lSAE PAPER 8915141 p 160 A90 27480 assembly domicile I . System approach Bioisolation testing of Space Station Freedom modular [SAE PAPER 8914491 p 155 A90-27419 ISAE PAPER 891431 I p 154 A90-27402 habitats Preliminary evaluation of a membrane gas separation Enabling human exploration 01 space - A life sciences [SA€ PAPER 8915161 p 160 A90 27481 unit for Space Station Freedom atmosphere revitalization overview Crew system dynamics - Combining humans and subsystem ISAE PAPER 891471 I p 119 A90 27439 automation ISAE PAPER 8914501 p 156 A90-27420 Bioisolation testing 01 Space Station Freedom modular I SAE PAPER 891 530 I p 160 A90 27494 Atmospheric Composition Monitor Assembly for Space habitats An overview of the Space Station Freedom Station Freedom Enwonmental Control and Lile Support [SAE PAPER 891516) p 160 A90-27481 environmental health system System SPACE PROGRAMS I SAE PAPER 891 538 I p 161 A90 27502 [SAE PAPER 891451 I p 156 A90-27421 Humans in space Medical challenges Problems in water recycling lor Space Station Freedom Space Station Freedom active internal thermal control p 116 A90 24769 and long duration life support system . A descriptive overview SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITERS ISAE PAPER 891539) p 161 A90-27503 1 SAE PAPER 891 458 I p 156 A9027427 Recovery of hygiene water by mullifiltration --- in space Microbial identification system lor Space Station A preliminary heat flow analysis of the U S Laboratory shuttle orbiters Freedom and Habitation modules ISAE PAPER 8914451 p 155 A9027416 I SAE PAPER 891540 I p 161 A9027504 [SAE PAPER 8914601 p 156 A90-27429 SPACESTATIONPAYLOADS Definition 01 a near real-time microbiological monitor for Mass analysis for the Space Station ECLSS using the FTS operations --- Shuttle-borne Flight Telerobolic application in space vehicles balance spreadsheet method Servicer lor Space Station Freedom I SAE PAPER 891541 I p 161 A90 27505 I SAE PAPER 891 502 I p 158 A9027469 pt47 A9023913 Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem evaluation Carbon dioxide and water vapor high temperature SPACE STATIONS Microbiological analysis 01 system hardware, pretreatment electrolysis Concept design 01 the Special Purpose Dexterous solutions and product water I SAE PAPER 891506 p 159 A90-27473 Manipulator lor the Space Station Mobile Servicing [SAE PAPER 891551 I p 162 A90 27514 I System p 146 A90-23898 CMlF ECLS system test findings Space Station Freedom gaseous trace contaminant load Medical impact analysis for the Space Station ISAE PAPER 8915521 p 162 A90 27515 model development p 115 A90-24437 Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support ISAE PAPER 891513) p 160 A90-27479 Application of biocatalysts to Space Station ECLSS and System Test Facility at Marshall Space Flight Center A rationale lor atmospheric monitoring on Space Station PMMS water reclamation [SA€ PAPER 8915551 p 163 A90-27517 Freedom I SAE PAPER 891442 I p 155 A90 27413 Space Station phase Ill Environmental Control and Lile ISAE PAPER 8915141 p 160 A90-27480 Test results on reuse 01 reclaimed shower water A Support System, test bed control and data acquisition Development of the catalytic oxidizer technology lor the summary system design European space programme I SAE PAPER 891 443 I p 155 A90 27414 I SAE PAPER 891 556 I p 163 A90 27518 I SAE PAPER 891533 I p 160 A9027497 SUBJECT INDEX SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

BAF . An advanced ecological concept for air quality SPACECREWS Emotionalstress. postural regulationof blood circulati Jn. control Advantages of a low-oxygen environment in space and some discrepancies in the concepts of arteiial I SAE PAPER 891 535 I p 161 A90 27499 cabins p 148 A90-26020 hypertrophy pathogenesis p 110 A90 26279 Air loop concepts for environmental control and life Outfitting of the crew health care System for the Space Workshop on the Effects of Combined Fire Products support Station Freedom on Human Physiological and Psychological Performance I SA€ PAPER 891 537 I p 161 A90-27501 ISAE PAPER 8914761 p 157 A90-27444 IAD-A2154651 p 123 N90 17270 Study of air revitalization system for Space Station Crew system dynamics - Combining humans and Human Behaviour in High Stress Situationsin Aerospace I SAE PAPER 8915761 p 164 A90-27537 automation Operations ISAE PAPER 891530) p 160 A90-27494 AGARD-CP-458 p 140 N90-17275 SPACECRAFT CONTAMINATION I Waste management aboard manned spacecraft Ecology of micro-organismsin a small closed system - Causes of aircrew error in the Royal Air Force I SA€ PAPER 891550 I p 162 A9027513 Potential benefits and problems for Space Station p 140 N90-17276 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ISAE PAPER 891491 I p 111 A90-27458 Psychological reactions of pilots involved in accidents Measures of sublective variables in visual cognition in the Swedish Air Force p 140 NSO-17279 The use of models to predict potential contamination I AD A21 5084 I p 145 N90-17303 aboard orbital vehicles Proximity compatibility and inlormation display The Expertise, stress, and pilot judgment p 141 N90 172114 I SAE PAPER 8914921 p 11 1 A9027459 effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall The challenge of internal contamination in spacecraft. conditions Stress and performance during a simulated flight in a stations. and planetary bases I AD-A214488 I p 166 N90-17309 F-16 simulator p 142 N90 17285 ISAE PAPER 8915121 p 11 1 A90-27478 Computing with neural maps Application to perceptual Activation Positive and negative effects of the alarm Space Station Freedom gaseous trace contaminantload and cognitive functions system in the brain p 143 N90-17290 model development I AD-A2166891 p 126 N90-18143 The trials and tribulations of RAF defence mechanism ISAE PAPER 8915131 p 160 A90 27479 SPEECH RECOGNITION testing p 143 N90-17291 The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility as a barrier Checklist reading problems in airplanes equipped with Standardized tests for research with environmental to environmental contarnination speech recognition systems stressors The AGARD STRES battery ISAE PAPER 8915171 p 111 A90-27482 IILR-MITT-223(1989) I p 167 N90-17314 p 144 N90-17295 Microbiological contamination control in the Columbus SPINAL CORD STRUCTURAL DESIGN prolect Temperature regulationduring upper body exercise Able Bio-reactor chamber 1 SAE PAPER 891534 I p 160 A90-27498 bodied and spinal cord injured [ NASA-CASE-MSC-20929-1I p 113 N90-17252 IAD-AZ151301 p 122 N90-17264 An overview of the Space Station Freedom SUPPORTS STANDARDIZATION environmental health system Investigation of the effects of external supports on Standardized tests for research with environmental lSAE PAPER 8915381 p 161 A90 27502 manual lilting stressors The AGARD STRES battery Microbial identification system for Space Station PB90-103367 p 166 N90-17307 p 144 N90-17295 I I Freedom SURGERY ISAE PAPER 8915401 p 161 A90-27504 STANDARDS Environmental quality and occupational health Special Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in aviators with Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft recurrent sinus barotrauma p 115 A90-24433 water system - Interim results Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) Pitotlsurgeon inflight decision making - A study of the ISAE PAPER 891543 1 p 161 A90-27507 IAD-A214738 I p 121 N90-17259 integration of aviation and operating room Cognitive SPACECRAFT DESIGN STATISTICAL ANALYSIS skills p 131 A90-26227 Concept design of the Special Purpose Dexterous Medical impact analysis for the Space Station Manipulator for the Space Station Mobile Servicing p I15 A90 24437 SURVIVAL System p 146 A90-23898 STATISTICAL TESTS Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic responso System level design analyses for the Space Station A review of circadian effects on selected human to cold exposure after cold air acclimation Environmental Control and Life Support System information processing tasks 1 AD-A216817 I p 127 N90 18144 [ SAE PAPER 891 500 I p 158 A90-27467 IAD-AZ146731 p 121 N90-17256 SUSPENDING (HANGING) Artificial intelligence application to advanced ECLS STELLAR ENVELOPES Influence of 7 days of hindlimb suspension and systems Interstellar and circumstellar molecules and elements intermittent weight support on rat muscle mechanical I SAE PAPER 891503 I p 158 A90-27470 necessary for life p 168 A90-26762 properties p 110 A90-26010 SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENTS STIMULI SWEAT COOLING Response of Carausius morosus to spaceflight The method of constant stimuli is inefficent Temperature regulationduring upper body exercise Able environment p 109 A90-25331 p 140 A9027636 bodied and spinal cord inlured Application of bioregenerative subsystems to an STRESS (PHYSIOLOGY) IAD-A2151301 p 122 N90-17264 environmentalcontrol and life support system for a manned Regulation of hemopoiesis in an organism exposed to SWITCHES Mars sprint mission extreme factors --- Russian book p 107 A90-24220 Cobra communications switch integration program ISAE PAPER 891 504 I p 159 A9027471 Atrophy of the soleus muscle by hindlimb unweighting p 153 A90-26260 Air loop concepts for environmental control and life p 107 A90-24395 SYMBIOSIS support Protective effect of various types and regimens of Job planning and execution monitoring for a I SAE PAPER 891537 I p 161 A90-27501 adaptation to hypoxia on the development of human-robot symbiotic system An overview of the Space Station Freedom stress-induced lesions in KM-line rats IDE90-004464 I p 167 N90-17315 environmental health system p 108 A9024748 SYMBOLS ISAE PAPER 8915381 p 161 A90-27502 Effects of heat stress on cognitive and psychomotor Symbology development for tactical situation displays Definition of a near real-time microbiologicalmonitor for performance. with and without head cooling p 150 A90-26206 application in space vehicles p 118 A90-26243 SYMPTOMOLOGY ISAE PAPER 891541 I p 161 A90-27505 The effects of foveal load on peripheral sensitivity in Altitude symptomatology and mood states during a climb The development status of the Herrnes environmental the visual field to 3.630 meters p 117 A90-26012 control and life support subsystem [AD A2148721 p 122 N90-17260 SYNAPSES [SAE PAPER 8915471 p 162 A90-27510 Sensations of temperalure and humidity dunng 3-D components of a biologicalneural network visualized Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support intermittent exercise and the influence of underwear knit in computer generated imagery I - Macular receptive field System Test Facility at Marshall Space Flight Center structure organization p 112 A90-27611 I SAE PAPER 891 555 I p 163 A90-27517 I AD-A215285 I p 123 N90-17266 SYNTHESIS (CHEMISTRY) Space Station phase 111 Environmental Control and Life Workshop on the Effects of Combined Fire Products Early Carboniferouslow-temperature hydrothermal vent Support System. test bed control and data acquisition on Human Physiological and Psychological Perlormance communities from Newfoundland p 110 A90-26566 system design IAD A21 5465 I p 123 N90-17270 Conceptual design of an ammonia synthesizer for space I SA€ PAPER 891 556 I p 163 A9027518 Human Behaviour in High Stress Situationsin Aerospace applications The 1988-1989 NASA space/gravitational biology Operations ISAE PAPER 891589 I p 165 A90-27548 accomplishments I AGARD-CP-458 I p 140 N90-17275 SYNTHESIZERS I NASA-TM-41601 p 113 N90-17251 Reactions to emergency situations in actual and Conceptual design of an ammonia synthesizer for space SPACECRAFT EOUIPMENT simulated flight p 141 N90 17283 applications Space station wardroom habitability and equipment Peripheral nervous velocity of conduction in fighter ISAE PAPER 891 589 I p 165 A90-27548 study pilots p 142 N90-17287 SYNTHETIC APERTURERADAR I NASA-CR 4246 I p 166 N90-17308 Standardized tests for research with environmental Evaluation of simulation techniques of Synthetic SPACECRAFT MODULES stressors The AGARD STRES battery Aperture Radar images for inclusion in weapon systems A preliminary heat flow analysis of the U S Laboratory p 144 N90-17295 trainers p 150 A90 2621 1 and Habitation modules STRESS (PSYCHOLOGY) SYSTEMS ANALYSIS [SAE PAPER 8914601 p 156 A90-27429 A dynamic model of stress and sustained attention Performance simulation of environmental control Evolution of Space Station - Life sciences program and p 127 A9025025 systems with interlace oriented modelling technique facilities Psychologicalstudy on mood states of altitude chamber I SAE PAPER 8914781 p 157 A90-27446 I SAE PAPER 891474 I p 110 A90-27442 personnel before their chamber mission System level design analyses for the Space Station Bioisolation testing of Space Station Freedom modular p 128 A90-26123 Environmental Control and Life Support System habitats A contextual analysis of pilot decision making ISAE PAPER 8915001 p 158 A9027467 1 SAE PAPER 891 516 I p 160 A90 27481 p 131 A9026228 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING Design of the Environmental Control and Life Support Measuring stress of helicopter pilots - An analysis of Humans in space - Medical challenges Systems for the Columbus pressurized modules deficiencies in critical flight situatlons p 116 A90-24769 I SAE PAPER 891531 I p 160 A90-27495 p 133 A90-26249 WllNDEX - A crew workload prediction tool Space station wardroom habitability and equipment Exploring situational awareness A review and the p 154 A90-26296 study effects of stress on rectilinearnormalization aircraft pilot On the representation of life support system models I NASA-CR-4246 I p 166 N90-17308 performance p 134 A9026266 I SAE PAPER 891479 I p 157 A90 27447

A-19 SYSTEMS INTEGRATION SUBJECT INDEX

Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft TEXTURES TOXICOLOGY water system Interim results Ground-texture information for aimpoint estimation Environmental quality and occupational health Special I SAE PAPER 891 543 I p 161 A9027507 p 136 A90-26282 Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) Space Station phase Ill Environmental Control and Life THERMAL ANALYSIS IAD-AZ147381 p 121 N90-17259 Support System test bed control and data acquisition A preliminary heat flow analysis of the U S Laboratory Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Toxicology system design and Habitation modules I AD-AP150761 p 122 N90 17263 ISAE PAPER 8915561 p 163 A90-27518 ISAE PAPER 8914601 p 156 A90-27429 TRACE CONTAMINANTS SYSTEMS INTEGRATION THERMAL DECOMPOSITION Space Station Freedom gaseous trace contaminant load Advanced portable life support system component Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system model development integration and system testing for an advanced portable life support system (SAE PAPER 8915131 p 160 A90-27479 [SAE PAPER 8915801 p 164 A90-27540 I SAE PAPER 891 595 I p 165 A90-27554 TRACKING (POSITION) SYSTEMS SIMULATION Payload invariant control via neural networks THERMAL INSULATION Development and experimental evaluation Development of the CELSS Emulator at NASA JSC Insulation, compressibility and absorbency of dry suit SAE PAPER 891477 p 157 A9027445 I AD-A215740 I p 146 N90 17306 I 1 undergarments Performance simulation of environmental control Sensitivity of the peripheral vision to simulated aircraft I AD-A215944 I p 168 N90-18149 systems with interface oriented modelling technique ascent and descent p 146 N90-18145 1 SAE PAPER 891478 I p 157 A90-27446 THERMODYNAMICS TRACKING PROBLEM A modeling system for control of the thermal and fluid The processing demands of tracking strategies in dvnamics of the NASA CELSS CroD Growth Research aircraft p 137 A90 26289 T Chamber TRAINING ANALYSIS I SAE PAPER 8915701 p 163 A9027531 A comparison of microcomputer training methods and TARGET ACOUISITION THERMOREGULATION sources Survey of ERlM approaches applicable to Temperature regulation during upper body exercise Able I AD A216349 I p 146 N90-18146 semi-automatic target detection and cueing for bodied and spinal cord injured TRAINING EVALUATION multispectral and multisensor exploitation IAD-A215t301 p 122 N90 17264 Display principles, control dynamics, and environmental I AD A214241 I p 144 N90-17296 Sensations of temperature and humidity during factors in pilot performance and transfer of training TARGET RECOGNITION intermittent exercise and the influence of underwear knit p 149 A90 26191 Cornparison of thermal (FLIR) and television images --- structure Transfer of simulated instrument training to instrument in natural and man-made target detection and I AD A21 5285 1 p 123 N90-17266 and contact flight p 129 A90 26192 identification p 150 A90 26212 Use of self induced hypnosis to modify thermal balance Flight instructor training as the foundation of ab initio Survey of ERlM approaches applicable to during cold water immersion pilot training p 129 A90-26193 semi-automatic target detection and cueing for I AD-A2I 61 56 I p 126 N90 18140 An evaluation of integrated commercial flight training multispectral and multisensor exploitation THREE DIMENSIONAL BODIES p 129 A90-26194 IAD-A214241 I p 144 N90-17296 Angular velocity discrimination p 139 A90-27635 A comparison of an integrated instrumentlprivate pilot TARGETS THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELS and an accelerated instrument flight training program Survey of ERlM approaches applicable to 3-D components of a biological neural networkvisualized p 130 A90-26195 semi automatic target detection and cueing for in computer generated imagery I . Macular receptive field Some effects of consistency in training for automatic multispectral and mullisensor exploitation organization p112 A9027611 information processing p 130 A90 26197 [AD-A214241 I p 144 N90 17296 Interactive. real-time formation flight concept trainer TASK COMPLEXITY THREE DIMENSIONAL MOTION The perceptual buildup of three dimensional structure p 149 A90-26201 Effects of whole-body vibration waveform and display CRM validation program p 132 A90 26239 collimation on the performance of a complex manual from motion IAD-A2146401 p 144 N90-17300 Using the Canadian Automated Pilot Selection System control task p 117 A90-26011 to predict performance in primary flying training Straight Dissociation revisited - Workload and performance in TILT ROTOR AIRCRAFT and level flight p 134 A9026264 In the beginning Ab initio training for tiltrotor crews a simulated flight task p 137 A90-26290 - Comparison of training performance criteria for USAF p 133 A90-26261 Prediction of success in flight training by single- and pilot selection and classification p 134 A90-26267 dual task performance p 143 N90 17293 TIME DEPENDENCE Selecting student naval pilots for training pipelines and Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) Time-dependent sampling and tough-input accuracy - post graduate flying duty assignments A user's guide Why the 'first touch' is different from the first kiss p 134 A90-26268 I AD-A215405 I p 167 N90-17312 display devices in aircraft cockpits p 151 A90-26215 The use of surrogate measurement for the prediction TASKS TIME SERIES ANALYSIS of flight training performances p 134 A9026270 Objective measures of workload . Should a secondary An exploratory analysis of motion sickness data A time When training boomerangs - Negative outcomes task be secondary? p 137 A90-26291 series approach associated with Cockpit Resource Management Effectiveness of progressive resistance training for IAD-A215534 I D 123 N90-17271 programs p 135 A9026274 increasing maximal repetitive lifting capacity TISSUES (BIOLOGY) Prediction of success in flight training by single- and IAD A2152861 p 123 N90-17267 Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle after 15 days dual-task performance p 143 N90-17293 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING of hindlimb suspension p 107 A90-24398 A cornparison of microcomputer training methods and Life support - Future trends and developments TOLERANCES (PHYSIOLOGY) sources I SAE PAPER 891 549 ] p 162 A90 27512 Evaluation of two oblective measures of effective I AD-A216349 1 p 146 N90-18146 TELEMETRY auditory stimulus level TRAINING SIMULATORS A telescience monitoring and control concept for a IAD-AP14669 1 p 121 N90-17255 Evaluation of simulation techniques of Synthetic CELSS plant growth chamber Aperture Radar images for inclusion in weapon systems 1 SAE PAPER 891 585 I p 165 A9047544 The effects of foveal load on peripheral sensitivity in the visual field trainers p 150 A90-26211 TELEOPERATORS IAD A2148721 p 122 N90 17260 Multimedia authoring - Instruction and training of air Manual control of the Langley Laboratory telerobotic The characteristics of physiological responses and traffic controllers based on ASRS incident reports manipulator p 147 A90-24022 p 138 A90-26306 An evaluative model of system performance in manned tolerance evaluation of pressure breathing I AD-A214991 I p 122 N90-17262 TRAJECTORYCONTROL teleoperational systems p 149 A90-26202 Payload invariant control via neural networks Guidelines for safe human exposure to impact TELEVISION CAMERAS Development and experimental evaluation acceleration. update A Comparison of thermal (FLIR) and television images --- IAD A2157401 p 146 N90 17306 AD-A21 5287 p 123 N90-17268 in natural and man-made target detection and I I TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION identification p 150 A904621 2 Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response Pareto optimization design techniques for the AFlT (Air TELEVISION RECEIVERS to cold exposure after cold air acclimation Force Institute of Technology)/AAMRL (Armstrong Comparison of thermal (FLIR) and television images - I AD A216817 I p 127 N90-18144 Aeronautical Medical Research Laboratory) in natural and man-made target detection and TOXIC DISEASES anthropomorphic robotic manipulator identification p 150 A90 26212 Effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on the filtration I AD-AZ161781 p 168 N90-18150 TEMPERATURECONTROL coefficient in intact dog lungs p 113 A9027628 TRANSFER OF TRAINING Thermal management and environmental control of TOXIC HAZARDS Transfer of landing skills in beginning flight training hypersonic vehicles The challenge of internal contamination in spacecraft. p 129 A90-26190 1 SAE PAPER 891440 I p 154 A90 27411 stations. and planetary bases Display principles control dynamics and environmental Space Station Freedom active internal thermal control [SAE PAPER 8915121 p 11 1 A90-27478 factors in pilot performance and transfer of training system - A descriptive overview Modelling time to incapacitation and death from toxic p 149 A90-26191 SAE PAPER 891458 p 156 A90-27427 I I and physical hazards in aircraft fires Transfer of simulated instrument training to instrument A preliminary heat flow analysis of the U S Laboratory p 125 N90-17619 and contact flight p 129 A90-26192 and Habitation modules TOXICITY Flight instructor training as the foundation of ab initio 1 SAE PAPER 891460 I p 156 A90-27429 Environmental quality and occupational health Special pilot training p 129 A90 26193 TERRAIN ANALYSIS Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) Integration of a low cost part task trainer (Advanced Detection of optical flow patterns during low-altitude IAD-A2147381 p 121 N90-17259 Training Device - ATD) into a flight crew development flight p 135 A90 26277 Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Toxicology program p 130 A90-26204 TEST FACILITIES I AD-A215076 I p 122 N90-17263 Selecting student naval pilots for training pipelines and Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support Workshop on the Effects of Combined Fire Products post graduate flying duty assignments System Test Facility at Marshall Space Flight Center on Human Physiological and Psychological Performance p 134 A9046268 I SAE PAPER 891555 I p 163 A90-27517 I AD-A215465 I p 123 N90-17270 TRANSLATIONAL MOTION TETHERED SATELLITES Method for the evaluation of toxicity of combustion Results and applications of a space suit range-ol-motion Physiological parameters of artificial gravity products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and study p 116 A90-24818 results p 124 N90-I7612 ISAE PAPER 891592 I p 165 A90-27551 SUBJECT INDEX WATER RECLAMATION

TRANSPARENCE VIBRATIONAL STRESS Symbology development for tactical situation displays Transparency and coherence in human motion Effects of whole-body vibration waveform and display p 150 A90-26206 perception p 139 A90-26567 collimation on the performance of a complex manual VOICE TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT control task p 117 AN-2601 1 Voice analysis to predict the psychological or physical A comparison of communication modes for delivery of VIDEO TAPES slate of a speaker p 118 A90-26013 air traffic control clearance amendments in transport Comparison of thermal (FLIR) and television images .-- category aircraft p 153 A90-26236 in natural and man-made target detection and identification p 150 A90-26212 In-flight and post-flight assessment of pilot workload in W commercial transport aircraft using SWAT .--Subjective VIEW EFFECTS Workload Assessment Technique p 137 A90-26292 Heading control and the effects of display WASHING characteristics p 130 A90-26210 TUMORS Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water - A Touch accessed device accuracy in the cockpit - Using The protons of space and brain tumors I - Clinical and summary high-resolution touch input p 151 A90-26216 p 155 A90-27414 dosimetric considerations p 109 A90-25332 1 SAE PAPER 891443 I VIEWING WASTE DISPOSAL The protons of space and brain tumors II - Cellular and Touch accessed device accuracy in the cockpit - Using molecular consideralions p 109 A90-25333 Vacuum resource provision for Space Station high-resolution touch input p 151 A90-26216 Freedom TYROSINE VIRAL DISEASES I SAE PAPER 8914531 p 156 A90-27423 Pie-treatment with tyrosine reverses hypothermia Policy consideralions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus WASTE TREATMENT induced behavioral depression (HIV) infection in U S Naval Aviation personnel Bioregenerative space and terrestrial habitat I AD-A21521 1 I p 123 N90-I7265 p 115 A90-24436 p 148 A90-2480:' VISION Human factors in the naval environment A review of Cornparison of waste combustion and waste electrolysis U motion sickness and biodynamic problems - A systems analysis SAE PAPER 891 485 p 158 A90 2745;' IAD-A2147331 p 121 N90-17258 I I U.S.S.R. SPACE PROGRAM A model for visual attention Electrochemical incineration of wastes Methods of creating biological life support systems for I AD-A214505 I p 144 N90-17297 l5AE PAPER 8915101 p 159 A90-27477 man in space p 148 A90-24805 Prescribing spectacles for aviators Waste management aboard manned spacecraft URINE I AD-A214830 I p 166 N90-17310 1 SAE PAPER 891 550 I p 162 A90-27513 Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem evaluation - VISUAL ACCOMMODATION Applicability of membrane distillation method to space Microbiological analysis of system hardware, pretreatment An empirical investigation of the effect of virtual experimental waste water treatment solutions and product water collimated displays on visual performance I SAE PAPER 891 578 I p 164 A90 2753E lSAE PAPER 891551 I p 162 A90-27514 p 154 A90-26283 WASTE UTILIZATION USER MANUALS (COMPUTER PROGRAMS) VISUAL ACUITY A system for recycling organic materials in a microgravity Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) Attenuating the luminous output of the AN/PVS 5A night environment p 147 A90-24801 A user's guide vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity Cornparison of waste cornbustion and waste electrolysis I AD-A21 5405 I p 167 N90-I7312 IAD A2148951 p 166 N90-17311 A systems analysis VISUAL CONTROL I SAE PAPER 8914851 p 158 A90-27452 The influence of visual cue upon the center of foot WASTE WATER V pressure (CFP) and muscle activities in posture control Application of biocalalysls to Space Station ECLSS and Under a 1 5-degree visual field condition PMMS water reclamation p 118 A90-26125 VACUUM 1 SAE PAPER 8914421 p 155 A90-27413 Vacuum resource provision for Space Station VISUAL FIELDS Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water - A C.^^*^... The effects of foveal load on peripheral sensitivity in summary I SAE PAPER 8914531 p 156 A90-27423 the visual field I SAE PAPER 891443 I p 155 A90-27414 IAD-A2148721 p 122 N90-17260 The impact of the water recovery and management VASOCONSTRICTION Sensitivity of the peripheral vision to simulated aircraft (WRM) subsystem wastewater recovery efficiency upon Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on human ascent and descent p 146 N90-18145 the Space Station Freedom ECLSS water balance forearm blood flow p 119 A90 26320 VISUAL FLIGHT I SAE PAPER 891482 I p 158 A90-27449 Lack of effect of vasopressin replacement on renin The effect of changes in edge and flow rates on altitude Dhotocatalytic post-treatment in waste water hypersecretion in Brattleboro rats p 112 A90-27626 control --- in visual flight p 136 A90-26284 reclamation systems VEGETATION GROWTH Proximity compatibility and information display The I SAE PAPER 891 508 I p 159 A90-27475 The 1988-1989 NASA spacelgravitational biology effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall Performance characterization of water recovery and accomplishments conditions water quality from chemicallorganic waste products I NASA-TM-4160 I p 113 N90-17251 IAD A2144881 p 166 N90-17309 I SAE PAPER 8915091 p 159 A90-27476 Regulation of nitrogen uptake and assimilation Effects VISUAL OBSERVATION Applicability of membrane distillation method lo space of nitrogen source, root-zone pH. and aerial C02 Angular velocity discrimination p 139 A90-27635 experimental waste water treatment concentration on growth and productivity of soybeans VISUAL PERCEPTION I SAE PAPER 891 578 I p 164 A90-27538 I NASA-CR-177546 I p 168 N90-18147 The role of smooth pursuit in suppression of WATER VENTS post-rotational nystagmus p 114 A90-24429 Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft Early Carboniferous low-temperature hydrothermal vent Effect of spectral flash on readaptation time water system - Interim results communities from Newfoundland p 110 A90-26566 p 114 A90-24430 1 SAE PAPER 891 543 I p 161 A90-27507 VERBAL COMMUNICATION Modulation of the motion aftereffect by selective WATER IMMERSION Voice analysis to predict the psychological or physical attention p 127 A90-25472 lJse of self-induced hypnosis to modify thermal balance state of a speaker p 118 A9026019 Readability improvements of emergency checklists during cold water immersion in civil aviation p 151 A90 26214 A comparison of cockpit communication 8737 - 87-57 (AD-A2161561 p 126 N90-I8140 p 131 A90-26233 The effects 01 cognitive workload on peripheral vision WATER MANAGEMENT p 135 A90 26279 'he impact of the water recovery and management Communication variations and aircrew performance The vection illusion in the aero-marine environment p 131 A90-26234 (WRM) subsystem wastewater recovery efficiency upon A flight safety concern p 136 A90 26281 the Space Station Freedom ECLSS water balance Differences in cockpit communication Transparency and coherence in human motion I SAE PAPER 891482 I p 158 A90-27449 p 153 A90-26255 perception p 139 A90-26567 WATER QUALITY VERTICAL MOTION Measurement of the impulse response of the human Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedom Sensitivity of detecting simulated ascent and descent visual system using correlation techniques and long duration life support in peripheral vision p 136 A90-26280 IAD-A21 5667 1 p 124 N90-17274 I SAE PAPER 891 539 I p 161 A90-27503 VERTICAL PERCEPTION The perceptual buildup of three-dimensional Structure WATER RECLAMATION Sensitivity of detecting simulated ascent and descent from motion Bioregeneralive space and terrestrial habitat in peripheral vision p 136 A90-26280 { AD-A214640 1 p 144 N90 17300 p 148 A90-24802 VERTIGO Development of a performance-based test of gaze Application of biocatalysts to Space Station ECLSS and Is VERTIGUARD the answer? --- for fighter aircraft capability A threshold approach PMMS water reclamation control during pilot spatial disorientation I AD-A214675 I p 145 N90-17301 ISAE PAPER 891442 1 p 155 A90-27413 p 151 A90-26213 Measures of subjective variables in visual cognition Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water - A VESTIBULAR NYSTAGMUS 1 AD-A215084 I p 145 N90-17303 summary I SAE PAPER 891443 I p 155 A90-27414 The role of smooth pursuit in suppression of Stimulus familiarity determines recognition strategy for Water recovery by vapor compression distillalion lor post rotational nystagmus p 114 A90-24429 novel 3-D objects Space Station ECLSS VESTS I AD-A215274 I p 145 N90-17305 Investigation of the effects of external supports on I SAE PAPER 891444 I p 155 A90-27415 Visual perception of structure from motion manual lifting Recoverv of hvoiene water bv multifiltration --- in mace I ADA21 6416 1 p 126 N90 18141 I PB90-103367 I p 166 N90 17307 shuttle orbiters '- VIBRATION EFFECTS VISUAL STIMULI ISAE PAPER 891445 I p 155 A90-27416 Effects of whole body vibration waveform and display EEG reactions in humans to light flashes of various A novel membrane-based water-reclamation collimation on the performance of a complex manual frequency p 119 A90-26380 posttreatment unit control task p 117 A90-26011 VISUAL TASKS I SAE PAPER 891446 I p 155 A90-27417 VIBRATION MODE The role of smooth pursuit in suppression of The impact of the water recovery and management Effects of whole-body vibration waveform and display post-rotational nystagmus p 114 A90-24429 (WRM) Subsystem wastewater recovery efficiency upon collimation on the performance of a complex manual Some effects of consistency in training for automatic the Space Station Freedom ECLSS water balance control task p 117 A90-26011 information processing p 130 A90-26197 I SAE PAPER 891482 I p 158 A90-27449

A-2 1 WATER TEMPERATURE SUBJECT INDEX

Photocatalytic post-treatment in waste water The effects of cognitive workload on peripheral vision reclamation systems p 135 A90 26279 I SAE PAPER 891 508 I p 159 A90-27475 lntercorrelations among physiological and subjective Performance characterization of water recovery and measures of workload p 136 A90-26285 water quality from chemicallorganic waste products TASKILLAN A Simulation to predict the validity of I SAE PAPER 891 509 I p 159 A90-27476 multiple resource models of aviation workload Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedom p 136 A90-26286 and long duration life support A320 crew workload modelling p 137 A90-26287 I SAE PAPER 891 539 I p 161 A90-27503 STALL validation --- Saturation of Tactical Aviator Load Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem evaluation - Limits p 137 A90-26288 Microbiological analysis of system hardware pretreatment Dissociation revisited . Workload and performance in solutions and product water a simulated flight task p 137 A90-26290 I SAE PAPER 891 551 I p 162 A90-27514 Objective measures of workload - Should a secondary CMlF ECLS system test findings task be secondary? p 137 A90-26291 I SAE PAPER 891 552 I p 162 A90-27515 In-flight and post-flight assessment of pilot workload in Phase 111 integrated water recovery testing at MSFC . commercial transport aircraft using SWAT -.. Subjective Design. plans, and protocols Workload Assessment Technique p 137 A90-26292 I SAE PAPER 891 554 1 p 163 A90-27518 Is heart rate a valid reliable, and applicable index of WATER TEMPERATURE pilot workload in commercial transport aircraft? Thermal sink for the advanced extravehicular mobility p 119 A90-26293 unit portable life support system The effects of control order, feedback, practice. and I SAE PAPER 891 581 I p 164 A90-27541 input device on tracking performance and perceived WATER TREATMENT workload p 137 A90-26294 Application of biocalalysts to Space Station ECLSS and Workload assessment by secondary tasks and the PMMS water reclamation multidimensionality of human information processing I SAE PAPER 891442 I p 155 A90-27413 resources p 138 A90-26295 A novel membrane-based water-reclamation WlINDEX . A crew workload prediction tool posttreatment unit p 154 A90-26296 [SAE PAPER 8914461 p 155 A90-27417 ATC control and communications problems An Feasibility of a common electrolyzer for Space Station overview of recent ASRS data p 139 A90-26307 Freedom - life support Systems Where's the workload in air traffic control? I SAE PAPER 8914841 p 158 A90-27451 p 139 A90-26308 Photocatalytic post-treatment in waste water Maintaining human productivity during Mars transit reclamation systems I SAE PAPER 8914351 p 139 A90-27406 ISAE PAPER 8915081 p 159 A90-27475 Accidents in lighter aircraft caused by human factors Performance characterization of water recovery and Why do they occur p 140 N90 17278 water quality from chemicallorganic waste products Training and selecting individuals for high levels of I SAE PAPER 891509 I p 159 A90-27476 information processing load p 142 N90-17288 WATER VAPOR Investigation of the effects of external supports on Water recovery by vapor compression distillation -- for manual lifting Space Station ECLSS I PB90-1033671 p 166 N90-17307 ISAE PAPER 8914441 p 155 A90-27415 Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) Carbon dioxide and water vapor high temperature A user's guide 1 electrolysis IAD A2154051 p 167 N90-17312 I SAE PAPER 891 506 I p 159 A90-27473 Sensitivity of the peripheral vision to simulated aircraft WEAPON SYSTEMS ascent and descent p 146 N90-18145 Evaluation of Simulation techniques of Synthetic WORKSTATIONS Aperture Radar images for inclusion in weapon systems DAWN (Design Assistant Workstation) for advanced trainers p 150 A90-26211 physical-chemical life support systems WEIGHTLESSNESS I SAE PAPER 891481 I p 157 A90-27448 Skeletal muscle adaptation in rats flown on Cosmos 1667 p 107 A90-24397 Physiological parameters of artificial gravity p 116 A90-24818 Influence of single hindlimb support during simulated weightlessness in the rat p 110 A90-26321 Effects of simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin and bone calcium p 112 A90-27627 The 1988-1989 NASA spacelgravitational biology accomplishments I NASA TM-4160 1 p 113 N90-17251 , WEIGHTLESSNESS SIMULATION Bone growth and calcium balance during simulated weightlessness in the rat p 107 A90-24396 Influence of 7 days of hindlimb suspension and intermittent weight support on rat muscle mechanical properties p 110 A90-26010 WHITE NOISE Effect of contralateral masking parameters on difference limen for intensity IAD-A2t41691 p 125 N90-18135 WINTER Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in anlarctica I AD-A216679 I p 126 N90-18142 WORK-REST CYCLE The work, sleep, and well-being of British charter pilots p 132 A90-26244 WORKLOADS (PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY) Voice analysis to predict the psychological or physical state of a speaker p 118 A90-26019 I A study on measuring mental workload II - Mental load and salivary cortisol level p 127 A90-26122 Crew workload-management strategies -A critical factor in system performance p 128 A90-26179 Principles of design for complex displays. A comparative evaluation p 150 A90-26209 Instrument scanning and sublective workload with the Peripheral Vision Horizon Display p 152 A90-26219 The U S naval aircrew coordination training program p 132 A90-26240 The work, sleep, and well-being of British charter pilots p 132 A90-26244 Cobra communications switch integration program p 153 A90-26260 PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX

~~ ~ AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY /A Continuing Sibliography (Supplement 337) June 1990

Typical Personal Author Index Listing AMMANN, KLAUS BARNETT, BARBARA Development of the catalytic oxidizer technology for the Expertise. stress, and pilot judgment European space programme p 141 N90-17284 I SAE PAPER 8915331 p 160 A90-27497 BARRAGAN, MARIO PERSONAL AUTHOR ANDARY, JAMES F. Periodic breathing and 02 saturation in relation to Sleep FTS operations p 147 A90-23913 stages at high altitude p 117 A90 26013 ANDRE, ANTHONY D. BARTHELEMY, KRISTEN Proximity compatibility and information display The Pathway-in-the-sky evaluation p 149 A90 26235 IGARLAND. JAY L. effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft Stall BASHINSKI, HOWARD S. - A simple, mass balance model of carbon flow in a conditions Defining man-machine interface requirements for 311 ecological life support system 1 AD-A21 4488 I p 166 N90-17309 *raffic control static information displays [NASA-TM-I02151] p 20 N90-10571 ANTERSIJN, PATRICIA p 154 A90-26303 Readability improvements of emergency checklists BAUNE. JACQUELINE p 151 A90-26214 v -7 Microbiological contamination control in the Columbus ANTUNANO, MELCHOR J. project Effects of heat stress on cognitive and psychomotor I SAE PAPER 891 534 1 p 160 A90-27498 perlormance. with and without head cooling p 118 A90-26243 BAUNE, MANFRED Microbiological Contamination control in the Columbus ARENDALE, WILLIAM F. Definition of a near real-time microbiological monitor for project I SAE PAPER 891 534 I p 160 A90-27498 application in space vehicles Listings in this index are arranged alphabetically I SAE PAPER 891541 I p 161 A90-27505 BEAUDET, DOUGLAS B. A methodology for determining information management by personal author. The title of the document pro- ARETZ, ANTHONY Frame of reference for electronic maps. The relevance requirements from a crew oriented mission scenario vides the user with a brief description of the subject of spatial cognition. mental rotation. and componential task p 153 A90-26242 matter. The report number helps to indicate the ana I y s is p 150 A90-26207 BEBINOV, E. M. type of document listed (e.g.. NASA report, trans- ARLOW. M. Protective effect of various types and regimens of GO2 processing and 02 :eclamation system selection adaptation to hypoxia on the development of lation, NASA contractor report). The page and ac- process for future European space programmes stress-induced lesions in KM line rats cession numbers are located beneath and to the I SAE PAPER 891 548 I p 162 A90-27511 p 108 A90-24748 right of the title. Under any one author's name the ARMSTRONG, D. W., 111 BEERMAN, LlLLY accession numbers are arranged in sequence with Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response Measuring stress of helicopter pilots - An analysis of deficiencies in critical flight situations the AlAA accession numbers appearing first. to cold exposure after cold air acclimation I AD-A2t6817 1 p 127 N90-18144 p 133 A90-26249 ARMSTRONG, HERBERT B. BEKETOV, A. 1. A Multimedia authoring - Instruction and training of air Blood flow and oxygen saturation in the brain of intact traffic controllers based on ASRS incident reports and anesthetized rabbits under antiorthostatic influence p 138 A90-26306 p 108 A9024746 AAKVAAG. ASBJORN Cerebrovascular effects of motion sickness Stress and perlormance during a simulated flight in a ARNOLD, ROBERT L. p 108 A90-24747 F-16 simulator p 142 N90-17285 Training pilots for the automated cockpit p 148 A90-26183 BELKANIIA, G. S. ADELSON, EDWARD H. Emotional stress. postural regulation of blood circulatiori. The perceptual buildup of three dimensional structure and some discrepancies in the concepts of arterial from motion 6 hypertrophy pathogenesis p 110 A90-26373 IAD A2146401 p 144 N90-17300 BELYAVIN, ANDREW ALBRIGHT, T. D. BACSKAY, A. S. The work sleep, and well-being of British charter Transparency and coherence in human motion System level design analyses for the Space Station PllOtS p 132 A90-26244 perception p 139 A90-26567 Environmental Control and Lile Support System BENN, OMER [SAE PAPER 8915001 p 158 A90 27467 ALBUS. JAMES S. A comparison of an integrated mstrumentlpnvate pllot NASA/NBS reference model p 147 A90 23914 BAGDIGIAN, ROBERT M. and an accelerated instrument flight training program Application of biocatalysts to Space Station ECLSS and p 130 A90-2619'5 ALCON, J. L. GARCIA Peripheral nervous velocity of conduction in fighter PMMS water reclamation BENNETT, C. THOMAS SAE PAPER 891442 p 155 A90-27413 pilots p 142 N90-17287 I I Heading control and the effects of display CMlF ECLS system test findings characteristics p 130 A90-26210 ALIEV, SH. A. [SAE PAPER 8915521 p 162 A90-27515 Effect of unilateral carotid-artery occlusion on the BENOIT, ODILE Phase Ill integrated water recovery testing at MSFC Periodic breathing and 02 saturation in relation to sleep cerebral blood flow in rats exposed to hypoxia . p 117 A90-26013 p 108 A90 24749 Design plans, and protocols stages at high altitude I SAE PAPER 891554 I p 163 A90-27516 BENOIT, R. ALKOV, ROBERT A. BAILLIART, OLlVlER Physiological parameters of artificial gravity The U S naval aircrew coordination training program Periodic breathing and 02 saturation in relation to Sleep p 116 A90-24810 p 132 A90-26240 stages at high altitude p 117 A90 26013 BERINGER, DENNIS B. ALLEN, L. D. BALL, JOHN Time-dependent sampling and tough-input accuracy Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response Intercorrelations among physiological and subiective Why the 'first touch' is different from the 'first kiss' to cold exposure after cold air acclimation measures of workload p 136 A90 26285 p 151 A90-26215 I AD A216817 I p 127 N90-18144 BALLAS, JAMES A. Touch accessed device accuracy in the cockpit - Using ALLEN, NORMAN C. Recognition of environmental sounds high-resolution touch input p 151 A90-26216 Development of a preprototype Advanced IAD-AZ149421 p 145 N90 17302 Exploring situational awareness - A review and the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AEMU) regenerable life BANGHAM, M. E. ef'ects of stress on rectilinear normalization support subsystem - A progress report Microgravity sensitivities for Space Station ECLS p 134 A90-2626€ I SAE PAPER 891 579 I p 164 A90 27539 subsystems BERRY, W. L. ALPEN. EDWARD L. [SAE PAPER 8914831 p 158 A90 27450 Criteria for evaluating experiments on crop production Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter BARBIER, BERNARD in space p 109 A90 25329 The early emergence of proteiris p 169 A90-26767 I SAE PAPER 891 569 I p 163 A90 27530 ALVAREZ, J. E. CAMPILLO BARGERON, C. B. BESCO, ROBERT 0. Peripheral nervous velocity of conduction in lighter Structural alterations in the cornea from exposure to 4nalyzing knowledge deficiencies in pilot performance pilots p 142 N90-17287 infrared radiation p 128 A90-26182 AD-A215340 p 123 N90 17269 AMENDOLA, ALFRED ALAN I I BEVERLY, W. D. Investigation of the effects of external SUppOrtS on BARNEA, I. A preliminary heat flow analysis of the U S Laboratory manual lilting The descent from the Olimpus The effect of accidents and Habitation modules I PB90-103367 I p 166 N90-17307 on aircrew survivors p 141 N90-17280 I S4E PAPER 891460 I p 156 A90 27429 B- 1 BIFERNO, M. A. PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX

BIFERNO, M. A. BORDUAS, H BURR, R. G. Is heart rate a valid reliable. and applicable index of Concept design of the Special Purpose Dexterous Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in pilot workload in commercial transport aircraft? Manipulator for the Space Station Mobile Servicing antarctica p 119 A90-26293 System p 146 A90-23898 I AD-A216679 I p 126 N90-18142 BIKLE. DANIEL D. BOTTA, BERT L. BURTON, RUSSELL R. Effects of simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin Sanity common sense and air safety Keys to Physiologic correlates of protection afforded by anti-G and bone calcium p 112 A90 27627 understanding pilot error pi31 A9026232 suits p 114 A90-24427 BILLINGS, CHARLES E. BOUTILIER, BRIAN E. Periodic acceleration stimulation in space Maintaining human productivity during Mars transit Effectiveness of progressive resistance training for I SAE PAPER 8914341 p 119 A90-27405 I SAE PAPER 891 435 I p 139 A9027406 increasing maximal repetitive lifting capacity BUSSOLARI, S. R. BILLMAN, EDDY R. I AD-A215286 I p 123 N90-17267 A comparison 01 communication modes for delivery of Interactive real time formation flight concept trainer BOVEE, MATTHEW W. air traffic control clearance amendments in transport p 149 A90-26201 Effectiveness of progressive resistance training for category aircraft p 153 A90-26236 BINOT, ROGER A. increasing maximal repetitive lilting capacity BUTLER, E. D. EAF - An advanced ecological concept lor air quality I AD A21 5286 I p 123 N90-17267 Effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on the filtration control coefficient in intact dog lungs p 113 A9027628 BRACK, ANDRE I SAE PAPER 891 535 I p 161 A90-27499 BUTLER, G. C. The early emergence of proteins p 169 A9026767 Waste management aboard manned spacecraft Effect 01 hypoxia on VO2 kinetics during pseudorandom ISAE PAPER 8915501 p 162 A90-27513 BRANSCOME. TERESA A. binary sequence exercise p 117 A90-26014 BISHOP, BENJAMIN E., JR. Symbology development lor tactical situation displays BUTLER, GARY C. Artificial intelligence application to advanced ECLS p 150 A90 26206 Cardiovascular response to 4 hours of 6-deg head-down systems BRAUNE, ROLF J. tilt or of 30-deg head-up tilt bed rest I SAE PAPER 8915031 p 158 A90-27470 The manufacturer's role in training program p 117 A90-26015 BLACKWELL, ANN L. development p 149 A90-26188 BUTLER, ROY E. A modeling system for control 01 the thermal and fluid BRESSLER, JEINE R. CRM validation program p 132 A9026239 dynamics of the NASA CELSS Crop Growth Research Sublective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) BUTRIMAS, STEVEN Chamber A user s guide Transfer of simulated instrument training to instrument ISAE PAPER 8915701 p 163 A9027531 IAD-AZ154051 p 167 N90-17312 and contact flight p 129 A90-26192 BLACKWELL, C. C. BRICKNER, MICHAEL S. A modeling system for control of the thermal and fluid Comparison of thermal (FLIR) and television images dynamics of the NASA CELSS Crop Growth Research p 150 A90 26212 C Chamber Apparent limitations of head-up-displays and thermal CADARETTE, BRUCE S. ISAE PAPER 8915701 p 163 A9027531 imaging systems p 153 A90 26276 BLASER, ROBERT W. Physiological evaluation of men wearing three different BRIGANTI, MICHAEL A helmet mounted display demonstration unit for a Space toxicological protective systems A human factors evaluation of Extravehicular Activity Station application IAO-A2155271 p 167 N90-17313 gloves I SAE PAPER 8915831 p 164 A90-27543 CALLAHAN, A. B. ISAE PAPER 8914721 p 157 A90-27440 BLISS. JAMES P. Workshop on the Effects 01 Combined Fire Products The use 01 surrogate measurement lor the prediction Use of quantitative electromyography (EMG) in the on Human Physiological and Psychological Performance 01 flight training performances p 134 A90-26270 evaluation of fatigue associated with pressure glove I AD A21 5465 I p 123 N90-17270 BLOK, BERTIL F. work CANN, CHRISTOPHER E. Descending pathways to the cutaneus trunci muscle I SAE PAPER 891473 I p 120 A90-27441 Effects of simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin motoneuronal cell group in the cat p 112 A90-27622 BRINCHMANN-HANSEN, OLAF and bone calcium p 112 A90-27627 BLOMBERG. R. D. Vascular response of retinal arteries and veins to acute CANTWELL, ELIZABETH R. A320 crew workload modelling p 137 A90-26287 hypoxia of 8000 10 000 12 500 and 15 000 feet of DAWN (Design Assistant Workstation) for advanced BOCKRIS, J. OM. simulated altitude p 114 A90-24428 physical-chemical life support systems Electrochemical incineration of wastes BRINKLEV, JAMES W ISAE PAPER 891481 I p 157 A90-27448 ISAE PAPER 8915101 p 159 A9027477 Measurement of maximum arrest force in performance CARMIGNIANI, VINCENT BODROV, V. A. tests Of fall protection equipment p 154 A90-26850 Exploratory experience in mental process in some Possibilities of using flight simulators for continuous BROADWATER, J. R airplane accidents due to human factors medical supervision of aircraft personnel The protons of space and brain tumors I Clinical and p 138 A90-26300 p 115 A90-24759 dosimetric considerations p 109 A90 25332 CARRASQUILLO, ROBVN L. BOEHM. ALBERT M. BROWN, HARLAN D. CMlF ECLS system test findings Artificial intelligence application to advanced ECLS Microbial identification system for Space Station ISAE PAPER 8915521 p 162 A9027515 systems Freedom CARRETTA, THOMAS R. I SAE PAPER 891 503 I p 158 A90-27470 [SAE PAPER 8915401 p 161 A90 27504 Comparison of training performance criteria lor USAF BOER, L. C. Eiofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft pilot selection and classification p 134 A90-26267 Standardized tests for research with environmental water system Interim results CARROLL, T. W. stressors The AGARD STRES battery ISAE PAPER 8915431 p 161 A90-27507 Microgravity sensitivities lor Space Station ECLS p 144 N90 17295 BROWN, M. F. subsystems BOL'SHAKOV, VLADlMlR N. Investigation of humidity control via membrane ISAE PAPER 891483 I p 158 A90-27450 Regulation of hemopoiesis in an organism exposed to separation for advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) CASANO, GERARD extreme factors p 107 A90-24220 application Clinical aspects of inflight incapacitations in commercial BOLGER, WILLIAM E. I SAE PAPER 891507 I p 159 A9027474 aviation p 118 A90-26017 Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in aviators with BROWN, R. L. CASSERLV, DENNIS M. recurrent sinus barotrauma p 115 A9024433 Linear structural modeling of pilot risk perception A rationale for atmospheric monitoring on Space Station BONDAR', A. T. Solutions to problems of non normal response Freedom EEG-reactions in humans to light flashes of various distributions p 133 A9026252 ISAE PAPER 8915141 p 160 A90-27480 lrequency p 119 A90-26380 BRUCE, KARIN CAVIN, L. A. The protons of space and brain tumors I Clinical and BONDE-PETERSEN, FLEMMING Where's the workload in air traflic control? - dosimetric considerations Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on human p 139 A90 26308 p 109 A90 25332 CHANDLER, JOSEPH A. forearm blood flow p 119 A90-26320 BUCKINGHAM, R. A. Eio-reactor chamber BONNIN, JOHN C. A Q-sort assessment of flight instruction as an I NASA-CASE-MSC-20929-1I p 113 N90 17252 Environmental quality and occupational health Special occupational choice by E S degree seeking aviation students Progress report p 130 A90 26198 CHANDRA, D. Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) A comparison of communication modes lor delivery of I AD-A2 14738 I p 121 N90-17259 BUECKER, H. Response of Carausius morosus to spaceflight air traffic control clearance amendments in transport BONSI, C. K. category aircraft p 153 A9046236 Sweet potato growth parameters, yield components and environment p 109 A90 25331 BUGBEE. BRUCE CHANG, CRAIG H. nutritive value for CELSS applications Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system lSAE PAPER 891571 I p 112 A90 27532 Carbon use efficiency in optimal environments ISAE PAPER 8915721 p 112 A9027533 for an advanced portable life support system BONTING, SJOERD L. BULTHOSS, HEINRICH ISAE PAPER 8915951 p 165 A9027554 Evolution of Space Station . Life sciences program and Stimulus familiarity determines recognition strategy for CHAPPELL, SHERVL L. facilities novel 3 D oblects Pilot response to avoidance regions depicted on ISAE PAPER 8914741 p 110 A9027442 I AD A21 5274 I p 145 N90 17305 alternate TCAS II resolution advisory displays BOOTH, FRANK W. BUNECKE,JOSEPH L p 152 A90-26223 Atrophy of the soleus muscle by hindlimb unweighting Cockpit resource management skills enhance combat CHAPPELOW, J. W. p 107 A9024395 mission performance in a E 52 simulator Causes of aircrew error in the Royal Air Force BORAAS, M. E. p 132 A90-26241 p 140 N90-17276 Ecology of micro-organisms in a small closed system BURKE, HARLAN CHAUDHURI, AVI Potential benefits and problems for Space Station Avionics air cooling lor Space Station Freedom Modulation of the motion aftereffect by selective [SA€ PAPER 891491 I p 11 1 A9047458 ISAE PAPER 8914591 p 156 A90 27428 attention p 127 A90-25472 BORAAS, MARTIN E. BURKE, JIM CHEN, JINGSHAN The use of models to predict potential contamination Pilotlsurgeon inflight decision making - A study of the The characteristics of physiological responses and aboard orbital vehicles integration of aviation and operating room cognitive tolerance evaluation Of pressure breathing I SAE PAPER 8914921 p 11I A90-27459 skills p 131 A90 26227 I AD-A214991 I p 122 N90-17262

8-2 PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX ETOH, 'r.

CHEN, YIU-FA1 COTE, RANDY A. DE GAIA CAMPOS, VERA LUCIA Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure Psychologicaland physiological responses 01 blacks and Flight safety . A personality-profile-based designation in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide Caucasians to hand cooling of ab initio helicopter flight training instructors and I AD-A215986 I p 113 N90-18134 I AD-A215646 1 p 124 N90-17272 instructor trainee coupling p 135 A90-262 75 CHEUNG, 8. S. K. COULTER, GARY R. DE REE, HANS Motion sickness susceptibility and aerobic fitness - A Space immunology - Past, present and future Readability improvements of emergency checklists longitudinal study p 116 A90-26009 p 116 A90-24820 p 151 A90 26214 CHIDESTER, THOMAS COX, A. B. DEGUZMAN. RANDY J. Personality based clusters as predictors of aviator Delayed effects of proton irradiation in Macaca mulatta Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter attitudes and performance p 135 A90-26273 (22-year summary) p 109 A90-25330 p 109 A90-25329 The protons of space and brain tumors II - Cellular and CHIDESTER, THOMAS R. DEMIN, A. N. molecular considerations p 109 A90-25333 Trends and individual differences in response to Emotional stress, postural regulation of blood circulation short-haul flight operations p 127 A90-24431 CRAIG, JEFFERY L. and some discrepancies in the concepts of arterid Performance evaluation in full-mission simulation . Electroluminescent lights for formation flights hypertrophy pathogenesis p 110 A90-26379 Methodological advances and research challenges p 150 A90-26208 DEMPSTER, WILLIAM F. p 128 A90 26178 CRANE, PETER M. Biosphere II - Technical overview of a manned closed Leader personality and crew effectiveness - A Evaluation of simulation techniques of Synthetic ecological system full mission simulation experiment p 135 A90 26271 Aperture Radar images lor inclusion in weapon systems I SAE PAPER 891599 I p 166 A90-27557 trainers p 150 A90-26211 Leader personality and crew effectiveness Factors DESPLANCHES, D. influencing performance in full-mission air transport CROSTHWAITE, ROGER B. Skeletal muscle adaptation in rats flown on Cosmos Simulation p 141 N90-17282 Integration of a low cost part task trainer (Advanced 1667 p 107 A9024397 Training Device ATD) into a flight crew development CHIPAUX, CLAUDE - DEVINE, JAMES A. program p 130 A9026204 Waste management aboard manned spacecraft The use of tympanometry to detect aerotitis media in I SAE PAPER 891550 I p 162 A90 27513 CRUMP, W. J. hvpobaric chamber operalions p 117 A90-260115 Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedom DIEHL, ALAN E. CHOWDHURY, H. and long duration life support Human perforrnancelsystems safety issues in aircraft Performance characterization ot water recovery and accident investigation and prevention water quality from chemicallorganic waste products ISAE PAPER 8915391 p 161 A90-27503 p 154 A90-2629 7 SAE PAPER 891509 p 159 A90-27476 CULLINGFORD, H. S. I I DILLAMAN. RICHARD M. CHU. WEN-HO Performance characterization of water recovery and Bone growth and calcium balance during simulated Mass analysis for the Space Station ECLSS using the water quality from chemicallorganic waste products balance spreadsheet method I SAE PAPER 891509 1 p 159 A9027476 weightlessness in the rat p 107 A90-24396 CULLINGFORD, HATICE S. DIXON. GENE A. ISAE PAPER 8915021 p 158 A~O-27469 Potential for reduction of decompression sickness by CHUBB, GERALD P. Development of the CELSS Emulator at NASA JSC prebreathing with 100 percent oxygen while exercising STALL validation p 137 A90-26288 I SAE PAPER 891477 I p 157 A90-27445 ISAE PAPER 891490 p 120 A90-27457 CHURCHILL, MURIEL Conceptual design of a closed loop nutrient solution I DOLGIN, DANIEL L. Cabin crew and super long haul flight Preliminary delivery system for CELSS implementation in a Personality assessment in aviation selection findings p 132 A90 26247 micro-gravity environment CLARK, JONATHAN 8. I SAE PAPER 891586 I p 165 A9027545 p 142 N90-17289 DOLKAS, CONSTANTINE 8. Policy considerations of Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus CUSHMAN, ROSS Eftect of body weight gain on insulin sensitivity after (HIV) infection in U S Naval Aviation personnel Avionics air cooling for Space Station Freedom retirement from exercise training p 110 A90-26319 p 115 A9024436 I SAE PAPER 891459 I p 156 A90-27428 DOMINESSY, MARY E. CLELAND, JOHN CUSICK, ROBERT J. Symbology development tor tactical situation displays A human factors evaluation of Extravehicular Activity Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system gloves p 150 A90-26206 for an advanced portable life support system DORSEY, JOHN M. (SAE PAPER 8914721 p 157 A9027440 I SAE PAPER 891 595 I p 165 A9027554 Linear structural modeling of pilot risk perception COLEMAN, WESLEY - CUTLER, LYNN Solutions to problems of non-normal response Advanced portable life support system component 3-0 components of a biological neural network visualized distributions integration and system testing p 133 A9026252 in computer generated imagery I Macular receptive field DOUBT, T. J. ISAE PAPER 8915801 p 164 A9027540 organization p 112 A90-27611 lJse of sell-induced hypnosis to modity thermal balance COLEMAN, WILLIAM D. CYMERMAN, ALLEN during cold water immersion Where's the workload in air traffic control? The use of tympanometry to detect aerotitis media in IAD A2161561 p 126 N90-18140 p 139 A90-26308 hypobaric chamber operations p 117 A90-26016 DOUGLAS, WILLARD L. COLLEY, EDWARD A. Rioregenerative space and terrestrial habitat Measurement of the impulse response of the human visual system using correlation techniques p 148 A90-24802 DRAKE, R. E. AD A21 5667 p 124 N90-17274 D I I Effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on the filtration COLOMBO, GERALD V. coefficient in intact dog lungs p 113 A90 27628 Recovery of hygiene water by multifiltration DA SILVA MIRANDA, ERICE DRAWBAUGH, RICHARD B. I SAE PAPER 891445 I p 155 A9027416 Flight safety A personality-profile-based designation Environmental quality and occupational health Special Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system of ab initio helicopter flight training instructors and Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) for an advanced portable life support system instructor trainee coupling p 135 A90-26275 I AD A21 4738 I p 121 N90-17259 ISAE PAPER 891595 I p 165 A9027554 DALRYMPLE, G. V. DUNKLE, DAVID C. COLWELL, JAMES L. The protons of space and brain tumors I Clinical and Clefining man-machine mterface requirements for a!r Human factors In the naval environment A revlew of dosimetric considerations p 109 A90-25332 traffic control static information displays motion sickness and biodynamic problems The protons of space and brain tumors II - Cellular and p 154 A90-26303 (AD-A214733] p 121 N90-17258 molecular considerations p 109 A90-25333 CONNORS, MARY DALTON, 6. P. Crew system dynamics - Combining humans and The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility as a barrier E automation to environmental contamination I SAE PAPER 891530 I p 160 A90-27494 ISAE PAPER 8915171 p 11 1 A90-27482 ECKEL, J. S. CONTORER, AARON M. DAMOS, DIANE Pilot evaluation of selected colors and scales using a TASKILLAN . A simulation to predict the validity of Training and selecting individuals for high levels of digitized map display p 151 A90-26218 multiple resource models of aviation workload information processing load p 142 N90-17288 EDDOWES, EDWARD E. p 136 A9026286 DAMOS, DIANE L. Selecting student naval pilots lor training pipelines and CONVERSE, SHAAOLYN A. A review of circadian effects on selected human post-graduate flying duty assignments Principles of design for complex displays. A comparative information processing tasks p 134 A90-26268 evaluation p 150 A90-26209 I AD-A2146731 p 121 N90 17256 EDELMAN, SHIMON COOPER, GERALD Identifying the circadian cycle in human information Stimulus familiarity determines recognition strategy for Photocatalytic post-treatment in waste water novel 3-D oblects reclamation systems processing data using periodicity analysis A synopsis I ADA214674 I p 121 N90-17257 I AD-A215274 1 p 145 N90-17305 I SAE PAPER 891 508 I p 159 A90-27475 EDGERTON, REGGIE DANDRIDGE, R. E. CORLISS, JOHN B. Influence of 7 days of hindlimb suspension and A preliminary heat (low analysis of the U S Laboratory The flow of energy, natural learmng systems and the intermittent weight support on rat muscle mechanical and Habitation modules creation of life on earth p 168 A9025177 prope rt ie s ISAE PAPER 891460) p 156 A90-27429 p 110 A90-26010 CORWIN, W. H. EMBRETSON. SUSAN Is heart rate a valid. reliable, and applicable index of DARTSMELIIA, V. A. Measuring learning ability by dynamic testing Emotional stress, postural regulation 01 blood circulation. pilot workload in commercial transport aircraft? I AD-A215273 I p 145 N90-17304 p 119 A90 26293 and some discrepancies in the concepts of arterial ENDRUSICK, THOMAS L. CORWIN, WILLIAM H. hypertrophy pathogenesis p 110 A90-26379 Sensations of temperature and humidity during In-flight and post-flight assessment of pilot workload in DAVIES, 1. inter'llittent exercise and the influence of underwear knit commercial transport aircraft using SWAT Effect Of lysophosphatidylcholine on the filtration structure p 137 A90-26292 coefficient in intact dog lungs p 113 A90-27628 I AD-A215285 I p 123 N90 17266 COSTLEY, JOHN DAVIS, TOM, JR. ETOH, T. A comparison of cockpit communication 8737 . 8757 Expertise, stress, and pilot ludgment Study of air revitalization system for Space Station p 131 A9026233 p 141 N90-17284 I SAE PAPER 891576 I p 164 A90 27537

8-3 EVANS, R. J. PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX

EVANS, R. J. FOWLKES, JENNIFER GOETTL, BARRY P Safety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for Simulator sickness in the AH-1S (Cobra) flight The processing demands of tracking strategies Oculometer eyelhead tracker system simulator p 137 A90-26289 I AD-A2 15809 I p 125 N90-18138 IAD-A2145621 p 121 N90-17254 GOLDMANN. PETER FUJITA, S. Effect of spectral flash on readaptation lime Study of advanced system for air revitalization p 114 A9024430 F ISAE PAPER 8915751 164 ~90.27536 GOLIN, RAFFAELLO M. A. Lack of effect of vasopressin replacement on renin FULLER, RAY FACIUS. R. Fatigue and safety. A reassessment hypersecretion in Brattleboro rats p 112 A90-27626 Response of Carausius morosus to spaceflight 133 ~90.26251 GOODMAN, JACK M. environment p 109 A90-25331 Moderate exercise and hemodilution during sleep FURR, PAUL A. FALEMPIN, M. deprivation p 114 A9024432 Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle after 15 days Use of quantitative electromyography (EMG) in the of hindlimb suspension 107 ~90.2~~~~evaluation of fatigue associated with pressure glove Effects of heatw' stress on cognitive and psychornotor work FALLON, M. performance. with and without head cooling 120 Physiological parameters of artificial gravity I SAE PAPER 891473 I p 118 A9026243 p 116 A90-24818 GOSSAIN. D. FARMER, E. W. Concept design of the Special Purpose Dexterous Standardized tests for research with environmental ManiDulator lor the Soace Station Mob*'-",,_ Y".."....Jc-r~,~r~"" stressors The AGARD STRES battery System p 146 A90-23898 p 144 N90-17295 GAINER, J. C. GOTOH, ElJl FARNWORTH. B. Safety evaluation of infrared lamp power output for Lack of effect of vasopressin replacement on renin Some practical advice on cold weather clothing oculometer eyelhead tracker system hypersecretion in Brattleboro rats p 112 A9027626 I AD-A215936 I p 168 N90-18148 IAD-A2158091 p lZ5N90-18138 GOWER, DANIEL W., JR. FARRALL, R. A. GAISER, KAREN K. Simulator sickness in the AH-IS (Cobra) flight Structural alterations in the cornea from exposure to Enabling human exploration of space - A life sciences infrared radiation overview I AD-A214562 I p 121 N90-17254 I AD A21 5340 I p 123 N90-17269 [SAE PAPER 891471 I p 119 A9027439 GRAVITZ. M. FAUQUET. REGIS GALDES, DEB Use of self-induced hypnosis lo modify thermal balance Space station wardroom habitability and equipment Enroute flight path planning - Cooperative performance during cold water immersion study of flight crews and knowledge based systems IAD-AZ161561 p 126 N90-18140 I NASA CR 4246 I p 166 N90 17308 p 152 A90 26224 GREAUD, VALERIE A. FAVAND. M. GALUSTIAN, M. V. Communication variations and aircrew performance Method for the evaluation of toxicity of combustion Emotional stress. postural regulation of blood circulation p 131 A90-26234 products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and and some discrepancies in the concepts of arterial GREEN, ROBERT P., JR. results p 124 N90 17612 hypertrophy pathogenesis p 110 A9026379 Prescribing spectacles lor aviators FAY, JANET T. GANONG, WILLIAM F. I AD-A2148% I p 166 N90-17310 Psychological and physiological responses of blacks and Lack of effect of vasopressin replacement on renin GREEN, ROGER Caucasians to hand cooling hypersecretion in Bratlleboro rats p 112 A9027626 The work. sleep, and well-being of British charter !ADA2156461 p 124 N90 17272 GARCIA, ALBERT, 111 pilots p 132 A90-26244 FEDOTCHEV, A. I CELSS engineering Proportional control of CO2 using Cabin crew and super long haul flight - Preliminary EEG reactions in humans to light flashes Of various higher plants findings p 132 A90-26247 frequency p 119 A90 26380 [SAE PAPER 8915731 p 163 A9027534 Cabin crew and super long haul flight - Preliminary FEHLER, FRANK GARCIA, RAFAEL findings p 132 A90-26247 The use of simulators in ab initio helicopter training Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water A GREEN, W. R. p 133 A90 26259 summary Structural alterations in the cornea from exposure to FERRALL, JOSEPH ISAE PAPER 8914431 p 155 A9027414 infrared radiation Human life support during interplanetary travel and GARDNER, REED M. [AD-A2153401 p 123 N90-17269 domicile I System approach Medical impact analysis for the Space Station GREGORICH, STEVE [SAE PAPER 891431 I p 154 A90 27402 p 115 A9024437 Personality based clusters as predictors of aviator FIELDER, JUDITH GAWRON. VALERIE attitudes and performance p 135 A90-26273 A system for recycling organic materials in a microgravity Intercorrelations among physiological and subiective GRIFFIN, G. R. environment p 147 A90 24801 measures of workload p 136 A90 26285 Predicting Air Combat Maneuvering (ACM) FITZHUGH, ANDREW GAYLES, E. performance p 143 N90-17294 The method of constant stimuli is inefficient Mouse tail-suspension as a model of microgravity - GRIFFIN, MICHAEL J. p 140 A90 27636 Effects on skeletal. neural and muscular systems Effects of whole-body vibration waveform and display FLACH, JOHN M. ISAE PAPER 8914891 p 11 1 A9027456 collimation on the performance of a complex manual Fitts and Jones analysis of pilot error 40 years later GENON, J-C control task p 117 A90-26011 p 133 A90-26253 Review of serious aircraft accidents in the Belgian Air GRZYWACZ, NORBERT0 M. FLANAGAN, DAVID T. Force Causes and comparison with selection data The perceptual buildup of three-dimensional structure Biofilm formation and control in a simulated Spacecraft p 140 N90 17277 from motion water system - Interim results Principle guidelines for the psychological screening of I AD-A214640 I p 144 N90-17300 [ SAE PAPER 891543 I p 161 A90 27507 candidate pilots for the Belgian Air Force GUELL, ANTONIO FLANDROIS. R. p 143 N90-17292 Voice analysis to predict the psychological or physical Skeletal muscle adaptation in rats flown on Cosmos GERNUX. CAROLYN G. state of a speaker p 118 A90-26019 1667 p 107 A9024397 A helmet mounted display demonstration unit for a Space GUILLEMIN. J. C. FLORES, VINIC10 Station application The formation of the building blocks of life on the Influence of 7 days of hindlimb suspension and I SAE PAPER 891 583 I p 164 A90-27543 primordial earth p 169 A9026766 intermittent weight support on rat muscle mechanical GIBBONS. RANDALL E. GUNDERSON, E. K. properties p 110 A90 26010 Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in FLYNN, E. T. water system - Interim results antarctica Statistically based decompression tables 5 [SAE PAPER 8915431 p 161 A9027507 I AD-A2 16679 I p 126 N90-18142 Haldane-Vann models for air diving GIBSON, ROBERT H. GUSTAVINO, S. R. [AD A2149341 p 122 N90-17261 Managerial leadership assessment Personality Application of bioregenerative subsystems to an FORSTER, ESTRELLA M. correlates of and sex differences in ratings by leaders environmental control and life support system fora manned Physiologic correlates of protection afforded by anti-G peers, and followers p 135 A90 26272 Mars sprint mission suits p 114 A9024427 GILSON, RICHARD D. I SAE PAPER 891 504 I p 159 A90-27471 The use of surrogate measurement for the prediction FORTE, VINCENT A. of flight training performances p 134 A9026270 The use of tympanometry to detect aerotitis media in GITEL'SON, IOSIF hypobaric chamber operations p 117 A90-26016 Methods of creating biological life support systems for H FORTUNE, RUSSELL L. man in space p 148 A90-24805 HAINES, RICHARD F. Microbial identification system for Space Station GLAISTER, DAVID H. An evaluative model of system performance in manned Freedom Cerebral tissue oxygen status and psychomotor I SAF PAPER 891 540 I p 161 A90 27504 teleoperational systems p 149 A90-26202 performance during lower body negative pressure FOUILLOT, J. P. (LBNP) p 114 A90 24426 HALE, STEVEN A320 crew workload modelling p 137 A90 26287 GLENGERJANE KUCERA Pilot assessment of the AH-64 helmet mounted display FOUSHEE, H. CLAYTON A novel membrane-based water-reclamation system p 151 A90-26217 Leader personalily and crew effectiveness - A posttreatment unit HALSTEAD, THORA W. full-mission simulation experiment p 135 A90 26271 ISAE PAPER 891446) p 155 A90 27417 The 1988-1989 NASA spacelgravitational biology Leader personality and crew effectiveness Factors GLOBUS, RUTH K. accomplishments influencing performance in full-mission air transport Effects of simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin 1 NASA-TM-4160 p 113 N90-17251 simulation p 141 N90 17282 and bone calcium p 112 A90 27627 HAMA, H. FOUTCH. RICHARD GOETERS, KLAUS-MARTIN Preliminary design of JEM Environmental Control and Altitude symptomatology and mood states during a climb The DLR lest system for ab-initio pilot selection Life Support System to 3.630 meters p 117 A90-26012 p 134 A90-26269 I SAE PAPER 891 574 I p 163 A90-27535

8-4 PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX IYA, SRIDHAR IC.

HAMELUCK, DONALD When training boomerangs - Negative outcomes HOREY, JEFFREY D. Instrument scanning and sublective workload with the associated with Cockpit Resource Management Transfer of simulated instrument training lo instrumeilt Peripheral Vision Horizon Display p 152 A90-26219 programs p 135 A90-26274 and contact flight p 129 A90-26192 Analysis of air traffic control operating irregularities HENLEY, IRENE HORNECK, G. p 138 A90-26305 Flight instructor training as the foundation of ab initio Response of Carausius morosus to spaceflight HAMERMAN-MATSUMOTO, JOY pilot training p 129 A90 26193 environment p 109 A9025331 Dissociation revisited - Workload and performance in HENRIKSEN, OLE HORNER, J. E. a simulated flight task p 137 A9026290 Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on human Space Station Freedom active internal thermal control forearm blood flow p 119 A90-26320 HANCOCK, P. A. system - A descriptive overview HEPPNER, RICHARD A. A dynamic model of stress and sustained attention [ SAE PAPER 891 458 I p 156 A90-27427 Leak detection for Space Station Freedom fluid lines p 127 A90-25025 HUBBARD, DAVID C. I SAE PAPER 891448 I p 155 A90-27418 Evaluation of simulation techniques of Synthetic The effects of control order, feedback. practice. and HERBER, NIKOLAUS input device on tracking performance and perceived Aperture Radar images for inclusion in weapon systems Development activities for the European EVA Space Suit trainers p 150 A9026211 workload p 137 A9026294 System (ESSS) HUFF, TIMOTHY L. HANCOCK, PETER A. [ SAE PAPER 891544 1 p 162 A90-27508 Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem evaluation . Exploring situational awareness . A review and the HERTEL. ROBERT H. Microbiological analysis of system hardware, pretreatment effects of stress on rectilinear normalization Leak detection for Space Station Freedom fluid lines solutions and product water p 134 A90-26266 (SAE PAPER 891448) p 155 A90 27418 I SAE PAPER 891551 I p 162 A90-27514 HANKINS, WALTER W., 111 HESSE, BIRGER Manual control of the Langley Laboratory telerobotic Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on human HUGHSON, R. L. manipulator p 147 A90 24022 forearm blood flow p 119 A90-26320 Effect of hypoxia on VO2 kinetics during pseudorandom binary sequence exercise p 117 A90-26014 HANSEN, BERT, 111 HESSLINK, R. L., JR. Evolution and advanced technology Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response HUGHSON, RICHARD L. p 147 A90-23915 lo cold exposure after cold air acclimation Cardiovascular response to 4 hours of 6-deg head-down tilt or of 30-deg head-up tilt bed rest HANSMAN. R. J. I AD-A21681 7 I p 127 N90 18144 A comparison of communication modes for delivery of HEWIlT, DENNIS p 117 A90-26015 air traffic control clearance amendments in transport FTS operations p 147 A90-23913 HUMPHREYS, JAMES W., JR. category aircraft p 153 A9026236 HIENERWADEL, K. 0. Humans in space - Medical challenges HANSON, R. SCOTT Air loop concepts for environmental control and life p 116 A90-24769 Insulation. compressibility and absorbency of dry suit support HUMPHRIES, W. R. undergarments ISAE PAPER 8915371 p 161 A90-27501 Microgravity sensitivities for Space Station ECLS I AD-A21 5944 I p 168 N90-18149 HIENERWAOEL, K.-0. sbbsystems HARDY, K. A. Design of the Environmental Control and Life Support I SAE PAPER 891483 I p 158 A90-27450 Delayed effects of proton irradiation in Macaca mulatta Systems for the Columbus pressurized modules HUNT, GRAHAM J. F. (22-year summary) p 109 A9025330 ISAE PAPER 891531 I p 160 A9027495 Pilot competency - An analysis of abilities requisite tc HARMAN, EVERETT A. HIGGINS, E. ARNOLD professional flight crew development Effectiveness of progressive resistance training lor The research program at the Civil Aeromedical Institute p 134 A90-26262 increasing maximal repetitive lifting capacity concerning protective breathing equipment for use by crew HUNTINGTON, HUGH 1 AD-A21 5286 I p 123 N90-17267 and passengers in an aviation smokelfume environment Key questions for maximum CRM effectiveness or the HARRIS, J. p 167 N90-17616 unaddressed questions in CRM p 132 A9026238 HIGGINS, J. KENNETH Biogenic amineslmetabolic response profiles of pilots HUTTENBACH, ROBIN C. The manufacturer's role in training program - An approach to study physiological responses Life support Future trends and developments development p 149 A90-26188 - p 118 A9026248 I SAE PAPER 891 549 1 p 162 A90-27512 HARRISQN. CLAIRE HILDRETH, ELLEN C. HYMAN, FRED Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving The perceptual buildup of three-dimensional structure Expertise. stress. and pilot judgment smoke and fire p 146 N90-17613 from motion p 141 N90-17284 HARSS, CLAUDIA 1 AD A214640 I p 144 N90-17300 Measuring stress of helicopter pilots - An analysis of HILL, 1. R. deficiencies in critical flight situations The investigation of particulate matter in the lungs of p 133 A90-26249 smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-17617 I HART, LUCY E. M. HILL, W. A. Moderale exercise and hemodilution during sleep Sweet potato growth parameters, yield components and IASTREBOV, ANATOLll P. deprivation p 114 A9024432 nutritive value for CELSS applications Regulation of hemopoiesis in an organism exposed lo HART, SANDRA G. [SAE PAPER 891571 I p 112 A90 27532 extreme factors p 107 A90-24220 Crew workload-management strategies - A critical factor HINKAL, SANFORD W. IDA, H. in system performance p 128 A90-26179 FTS operations p 147 A90 23913 Study of air revitalization system for Space Station Dissociation revisited Workload and performance in HINZ, STEPHANIE J. I SAE PAPER 891 576 1 p 164 A90-27537 a simulated flight task p 137 A9026290 Heading control and the effects of display IKEOA, A. HARTSOCK, OAVlO characteristics p 130 A90-26210 Promotion of a new radioprotective antioxidative agent Pathway-in-the-sky evaluation p 149 A90-26205 HITCHENS, G. 0. P 109 A90-25334 HARVEY, C. A. Electrochemical incineration of wastes IL'INA-KAKUEVA, E. I. Workshop on the Effects of Combined Fire Products [SAE PAPER 8915101 p 159 A9027477 Skeletal muscle adaptation in rats flown on Cosmos on Human Physiological and Psychological Performance HIXON, W. CARROLL 1667 p 107 A9024397 I AD-A215465 I p 123 N90-17270 Development of a performance-based iesl of gaze INAOA, VICTOR K. HARWOOD. KELLY capability A threshold approach The perceptual buildup of three-dimensional structure Frame of reference for electronic maps. The relevance I AD-A214675 I p 145 N90-17301 from motion of spatial cognition, mental rotation. and componential task HOERMANN, HANS-JUERGEN I AD-A214640 I p 144 N90-17300 ana I y s is p 150 A90-26207 The DLR test system for ab-initio pilot selection INTANO, GABRIEL P. HASHIMOTO, H. p 134 A90-26269 Exploratory research and development. The U S Army Preliminarv desian of JEM Environmental Control and HOGAN, R. P. aviator candidate classification algorithm Life suppoisyste;;l The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility as a barrier p 134 A90-26263 1 SAE PAPER 891 574 I p 163 A9027535 to environmental contamination IRIPKHANOV, 8. B. HATANO. S. I SAE PAPER 891 51 7 I p 111 A90-27482 Effect of unilateral carotid-artery occlusion on the Study of air revitalization system for Space Station HOLMES, HAROLD cerebral blood flow in rats exposed to hypoxia [SAE PAPER 8915761 p 164 A90 27537 Linear structural modeling of pilot risk perceplion - p 108 A9024749 HATTORI, A. Solutions to problems of non-normal response IRWIN, CHERYL M. Preliminary design of JEM Environmental Control and distributions p 133 A90-26252 Communication variations and aircrew performance P 131 A90-26234 Life Support System HOLSTEGE, GERT ISENBERG, ARNOLD 0. 1 SAE PAPER 891574 I p 163 A90-27535 Descending pathways to the cutaneus trunci muscle Carbon dioxide and water vapor high temperature HAWORTH. LORAN A. motoneuronal cell group in the cat p 112 A90-27622 Cobra communications switch integration program electrolysis HOLTZAPPLE, MARK p 153 A9026260 I SAE PAPER 891506 I p 159 A90-27473 Conceptual design of an ammonia synthesizer for space HAYMES, EMILY M. ISHERWOOD, 0. A. applications Metabolic effects of exposure to hypoxia plus cold a1 Rates and risk factors for accidents and incidents versus I SAE PAPER 891589 I p 165 A9027548 rest and during exercise in humans p 119 A90-26322 violations lor U S airmen p 138 A90-26302 HEISING, R. A. HOLTZAPPLE, MARK T. ISHIDA, H. Space Station Freedom active internal thermal control Comparison of waste combustion and waste electrolysis Study of advanced system for air revitalization system . A descriptive overview - A systems analysis 1 SAE PAPER 891 575 I p 164 A90-27536 1 SAE PAPER 891458 I p 156 A9027427 1 SAE PAPER 891 485 I p 158 A90-27452 IUSHKOV, BORIS G. HELMREICH, ROBERT L. HOLY, X. Regulation of hemopoiesis in an organism exposed to Performance evaluation in full-mission simulation - Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle after 15 days extreme factors p 107 A90-24220 Methodological advances and research challenges of hindlimb suspension p 107 A90-24398 IYA, SRIDHAR K. p 128 A90-26178 HOPKIN, V. OAVlO Thermal management and environmental control of Personality based clusters as predictors of aviator Man-machine interface problems in designing air traffic hypersonic vehicles attitudes and performance p 135 A9026273 control systems p 148 A9025564 I SAE PAPER 891440 I p 154 A90-27411 JACKSON, ROBERT M. PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX

J KANKI, BARBARA G. KOWALSKI, K. Performance evaluation in full-mission simulation - Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response JACKSON, ROBERT M. Methodological advances and research challenges to cold exposure after cold air acclimation Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure p 128 A90-26178 I AD A21681 7 I p 127 N90-18144 in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide Communication variations and aircrew performance KRAEMER, WILLIAM J. I AD-A215986 I p 113 N90-18134 p 131 A90 26234 Effectiveness of progressive resistance training for JACKSON, RONALD L. KAPLAN, F. increasing maximal repetitive lifting capacity Psychological and physiological responses of blacks and Physiological parameters of artificial gravity I AD-A215286 I p 123 N90-17267 Caucasians to hand cooling p 116 A90 24818 KRAFT, CONRAD L. I AD-A215646 1 p 124 N90-17272 KARADZHAEVA, G. B. Sensitivity of detecting simulated ascent and descent JACOBS, I. Functioning of the cerebral circulation system in rabbits in peripheral vision p 136 A90-26280 Motion sickness susceptibility and aerobic fitness A under hyperthermia p 108 A9044750 KRAHENBUHL. G. S. longitudinal study p 116 A90-26009 Biogenic amines/metabolic response profiles of pilots JAHNS. G. C. KASTNER, MICHAEL - An approach to study physiological responses The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility as a barrier Measuring stress of helicopter pilots - An analysis of p 118 A90-26248 to environmental contamination deficiencies in critical flight situations KRING, G. I SAE PAPER 891 51 7 I p 11 1 A9027482 p 133 A90-26249 JAMES-BOWMAN, MARY KATO, MASASHI Design of the Environmental Control and Life Support Systems for the Columbus pressurized modules Touch-accessed device accuracy in the cockpit - Using Results of upper digestive tract examination of physical ISAE PAPER 891531 high-resolution touch input p 151 A90-26216 examination for flying in aged pilots p 118 A90-26126 I p 160 A90-27495 JAMES, MELANIE KAY, ROBERT KRIVCHENKO, A. 1. The work, sleep, and well-being of British charter Space Station Freedom carbon dioxide removal Functioning of the cerebral circulation system in rabbits pilots p 132 A9026244 assembly under hyperthermia p 108 A90-24750 JANIK, D. S. ISAE PAPER 8914491 p 155 A9047419 KRUSHINSKII, A. L. Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedom KEIL. LANNY C. Protective effect of various types and regimens of and long duration life support Lack of effect of vasopressin replacement on renin adaptation lo hypoxia on the development of I SAE PAPER 891 539 I p 161 A9027503 hypersecretion in Brattleboro rats p It2 A90-27626 stress-induced lesions in KM-line rats JENSEN, RICHARD S. KENNEDY, ROBERT S. p 108 A9024748 International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 5th. The use of surrogate measurement for the prediction KRUTZ, ROBERT W., JR. Columbus, OH, Apr 17-20. 1989. Proceedings Volumes of flight training performances p 134 A90-26270 Physiologic correlates of protection afforded by anti-G 182 p 128 A90-26176 KENT, JOHN F. suits p 114 A90-24427 JIA, SIGUANG Prescribing spectacles for aviators KUPERMAN, GILBERT G. The characteristics of physiological responses and IAD-AZ14830 I p 166 N90-17310 A methodology for determining information management tolerance evaluation of pressure breathing KHARIN, V. V. requirements from a crew oriented mission scenario IAD-AZ1499t I p 122 N90-17262 Possibilities of using flight Simulators for continuous p 153 A90-26242 JIN, HONGKUI medical supervision of aircraft personnel KUSE, RONALD J. Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure p 115 A90-24759 Preliminary evaluation of a membrane gas separation in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide KIEBZAK, G. unit for Space Station Freedom atmosphere revitalization I AD-A215986 I p 113 N90-18134 Physiological parameters of artificial gravity subsystem JOHNSON, DAVID p 116 A90-24818 I SAE PAPER 891450 I p 156 A90-27420 A comparison of cockpit communcatlon 8737. 8757 KILGORE, MELVIN V., JR. p 131 A90-26233 Definition 01 a near real-time microbiological monitor for JOHNSON, MARK A. application in space vehicles L Payload invariant control via neural networks ISAE PAPER 891541 I p 161 A9027505 Development and experimental evaluation Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem evaluation . LADD, MICHAEL M. [AD A2157401 p 146 N90 17306 Microbiological analysis of system hardware, pretreatment Thermal management and environmental control of JOHNSTON, NEIL solutions and product water hypersonic vehicles A review of airline sponsored ab initio pilot training in I SAE PAPER 891 551 I p 162 A90-27514 ISAE PAPER 8914401 p 154 A90-27411 Europe p 128 A90-26180 KING, TERESA LAFON, JEAN-PIERRE A human performance re-interpretation of factors Dissociation revisited - Workload and performance in contributing to an airline aviation accident Interstellar and circumstellar molecules and elements a simulated flight task p 137 A90-26290 necessary for life p 168 A90-26762 p 138 A90-26298 KINOSHITA, T. LAM, TONY JOLLY, CLIFFORD D. Promotion of a new radioprotective antioxidative agent 3-D components of a biological neural network visualized Application of biocatalysts to Space Station ECLSS and p 109 A9025334 in computer generated imagery I Macular receptive field PMMS water reclamation KLAUS, DAVID M. organization p 11 A90-27611 ISAE PAPER 8914421 p 155 A90 27413 Perlormance evaluation of advanced space suit 2 Recovery of hygiene water by multifiltration concepts for Space Station LAMBE, CHRISTOPHER A. ISAE PAPER 8914451 p 155 A9027416 ISAE PAPER 891591 I p 165 A9027550 Waste management aboard manned spacecraft JORNA, P. G. A. M. KNIGHT, DOUGLAS R. I SAE PAPER 891 550 I p 162 A90-27513 Prediction of success in flight training by single- and Medical guidelines for protecting crews with LANGFORD, TED L. dual-task performance p 143 N90-17293 flame-suppressant atmospheres Evaluation of two obfective measures of effective JOUANY, J. M. I SAE PAPER 891 596 I p 120 A9027555 auditory stimulus level Method for the evaluation of toxicity of combustion KNOTT. W. M. I AD-A214669 I p 121 N90-17255 products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and Controlled Ecological Life Support System Breadboard LARISH, INGE A. results p 124 N90-17612 Project - 1988 p 148 A90-24803 TASKILLAN - A simulation to predict the validity of KNOX, J. C. multiple resource models of aviation workload System level design analyses for the Space Station p 136 A90-26286 K Environmental Control and Life Support System LARISH, JOHN F. SAE PAPER 891500 p 158 A9027467 KABA, L. I I Fitts and Jones' analysis of pilot error - 40 years later KONDAS, DAVID M. Electrochemical incineration of wastes p 133 A90-26253 A comparison of microcomputer training methods and ISAE PAPER 8915101 p 159 A90 27477 LASKEY, KENNETH J. sources KAGITA, TSUTOMU Vacuum resource provision for Space Station lAD-AZt63491 p 146 N90-18146 Clothing microclimate of anti-exposure suit for aircrew Freedom KONDO, S. p 148 A90-26127 ISAE PAPER 8914531 p 156 A9027423 Study of advanced system for air revitalization KAISER, MARY K. LASSITER, DONALD L. I SAE PAPER 891575 I p 164 A90 27536 Angular velocity discrimination p 139 A9027635 The effects of cognitive workload on peripheral vision KONG, A. KAISER, ROBERT H. p 135 A90-26279 Concept design of the Special Purpose Dexterous A comparison of an integrated instrument/private pilot LATZKA, WILLIAM A. Manipulator for the Space Station Mobile Servicing and an accelerated instrument flight training program Temperature regulation during upper body exercise Able System p 146 A90-23898 p 130 A90-26195 bodied and spinal cord injured KONIAEVA, E. I. KAKIMOTO, AKlRA Blood flow and oxygen saturation in the brain of intact IAD-A2151301 p 122 N90-17264 Applicability of membrane distillation method to space and anesthetized rabbits under antiorthostatic influence LAVERNHE, JEAN experimental waste water treatment p 108 A90-24746 Clinical aspects of inflight incapacitations in commercial SAE PAPER 891 578 p 164 A9027538 I I KOONCE, JEFFERSON M. aviation p 118 A90 26017 KAKIMOTO, YUKIKO Transfer of landing skills in beginning flight training LAWSON, B. MICHAEL A study on measuring mental workload II Mental load - p 129 A90-26t 90 Development of a preprototype Advanced and salivary cortisol level p 127 A90-26122 KOONTZ, H. Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AEMU) regenerable life Change in saliva cortisol level of F-15 fighter pilots flying Criteria for evaluating experiments on crop production support subsystem - A progress report several training missions p 118 A90-26124 in space I SAE PAPER 891579 I p 164 A9027539 KAMER, JANET M. I SA€ PAPER 891569 I p 163 A90-27530 LAWSON, DAVID Dual-career military reserve aircrewmembers - Human KOSHELEV, V. B. A comparison of cockpit communication 8737 8757 factors impact on aviation safety p 130 A90-26196 Protective effect of various types and regimens of p 131 A9026233 KAMISHIMA, N. adaptation to hypoxia on the development of LAYTON, CHARLES F. Study of air revitalization system for Space Station stress-induced lesions in KM-line rats General aviation pilot perceptions of deteriorating ISAE PAPER 8915761 p 164 A9027537 D to8 A9024748 weather conditions p 131 A90-26229 B-6 PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX MILLER, ROBERT E., II

LAYTON, CHUCK LUMIA, RONALD MAYET, M. H. Enroute flight-path planning - Cooperative performance NASAINBS reference model p 147 A90 23914 Skeletal muscle adaptation in rats flown on Cosnios of flight crews and knowledge-basedsystems 1667 p 107 A9024397 D 152 A9026224 MCCAIN, HARRY G. LEBAN, MARK 1. M NASA's first dexterous space robot Space Station Freedom gaseous trace contaminant load p 147 A9023911 MACARTHUR, MARY model development MCCALEB, REBECCA C. The effects 01 cognitive workload on peripheral vision ISAE PAPER 8915131 p 160 A9027479 Bioregenerative space and terrestrial habitat p 135 A90-26279 LEE, TAE YEONG p 148 A90-24802 MACLER, E. A. On the representation of Me-support system models Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedom MCCALLY, R. L. I SAE PAPER 891 479 I D 157 A9027447 Structural alterations in the cornea from exposure to and long duration life support LEGGETT, NICKOLAUS E. 1 SAE PAPER 891539 I p 161 A90-27503 inlrared radiation A system lor recyclingorganic materialsin a microgravity IADA2153401 p 123 N9O-17269 environment p 147 A90-24801 MAGENES. G The role 01 smooth pursuit in suppression 01 MCCOV, ELAINE LEGROS, CLAUDE post-rotational nystagmus p 114 A90-24429 Enroute flight-path planning - Cooperative performance Voice analysis to predict the psychological or physical MAHAN, ROBERT P. of flight crews and knowledge-based systems state of a speaker p 118 A90-26019 The effects 01 extended-operations of inferential p 152 A90-26224 LEIGH, LINDA multi cue judgment p 133 A9026250 General aviation pilot perceptions of deteriorating Human in closed ecological system MAHER, JOHN W. eeather conditions p 131 A90 26229 p 148 A90-24804 Beyond CRM to decisional heuristics . An ailline MCCRAY, S. E. LEISEIFER, H. P. generated model to examine accidents and incidents Investigation of humidity control via membraie Air IOOD conceots lor environmental control and life caused by crew errors in deciding p 131 A9026237 separationfor advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) support MAKSIMUK, V. F. application I SAE PAPER 891 537 I p 161 A90-27501 Cerebrovascular elfects of motion sickness I SAE PAPER 891507) p 159 A9027474 LENOROVITZ. DAVID R. p 108 A9024747 Defininq man-machine interlace requirements for air MCCRAY, SCOTT 8. MANABE, K. traffic control static inlormation displays A novel membranebased water-reclamation Preliminary design 01 JEM Environmental Control and P 154 A90-26303 posttreatment unit Life Support System I SAE PAPER 891446 I p 155 A90-274 17 LESTER, L. F. ISAE PAPER 8915741 p 163 A90-27535 Rates and risk factors lor accidents and incidentsversus MCDONALD, NICK MANIERO, G. vtolations lor US airmen p 138 A90-26302 Fatigue and safety A reassessment New perspectives in the treatment of hypoxic and LEVINE, JOHN M. p 133 A90-26251 ischemic brain damage . Effect of gangliosides MCKENNA, THOMAS M. Feedback effects in computer-based skill learning p 11 5 A9024435 lAD-A214560 I p 144 N90 17298 Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure MANKAMYER, M. M. LEVINE, LESLIE in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide Application of bioregenerative subsystems to an Physiological evaluation of men wearing three different I AD-A215986 I p 113 N90-18134 environmental control and life support system lor a manned toxicological protective Systems MCLEOD, RONALD W. Mars sprint mission [AD A2155271 p 167 N90-I7313 Eflects 01 whole-body vibration wavelorm and display 1 SAE PAPER 891504 I p 159 A90-27471 LEVINE, RICHARD R. collimation on the performance 01 a complex manual MANNO, B. R. Attenuating the luminous output 01 the ANIPVS-SA night control task p 117 A90-26011 Therapeutic eflects 01 antimotion sickness medications vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity MCNALLY, KAREN L. on the secondary symptoms 01 motion sickness [ ADA214895 I p 166 N90-17311 Pilot response to avoidance regions depicted on p 115 A90-24434 LIEBERMAN, HARRIS R. alternate TCAS II resolution advisory displays MANNO, J. E. Pre-treatment with tyrosine reverses hypothermia p 152 A90-26223 Therapeutic effects of antimotion sickness medications induced behavioral depression MCNEAL, PATRICK on the secondaq symptoms of motion sickness p 123 N90-17265 Psychologicaland physiologicalresponses 01 blacks and IAD-A215211 I p 115 A9024434 LIEBIG. THlLO Caucasians to hand cooling MANZEY, DIETRICH Checklist reading problems in airplanes equipped with [ AD A21 5646 I p 124 N90 17272 Workload assessment by secondary tasks and the speech recognition systems MCRUER, DUANE multidimensionality of human inlormation processing ILR-MITT-223(1989) p 167 N90-17314 Pilot-vehicle analysis of mulliaxis tasks I I resources p 138 A90-26295 LIMLEY, ERNST-ALBRECHT p 127 A90-25996 MARKOWITZ, J. S. Flight crew training lor lire lighting MEHLSEN, JESPER Rates and risk factors for accidents and incidentsversus p 146 N90-I7615 lnlluence 01 the renin-angiotensin system on human violations lor U S airmen p 138 A90-26302 LINTERN, GAVAN forearm blood flow p 119 A90-26320 MARMOLEJO. JOSE Transfer of landing skills in beginning flight training MELLONE, VINCENT J. A helmet mounteddisplaydemonstrationunitfora Space p 129 A90-26190 Human factors in ATC operations - Anticipatory Station application Display principles,control dynamics, and environmental clearances p 138 A9026304 ISAE PAPER 8915831 p 164 A90 27543 lactors in pilot performance and transfer of training MENSEN, HEINRICH MARSHALL, TAMARA M. p 149 A9026191 Checklist reading problems in airplanes equipped with The nematode C elegans A model animal system lor LINTON, ARTHUR T. - speech recognition systems the detection of genetic and developmental lesions Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water A [ ILR-MITT 223(1989)) p 167 N90-17314 . [SAE PAPER 8914881 p 111 A90-27455 summary METALIS, S. A. MARTIN-SAINT-LAURENT, ALAIN ISAE PAPER 891443 I p 155 A90-27414 Is heart rate a valid. reliable. and applicable index cf Clinical aspects of inflight incapacitationsin commercial LIPPERT, FREDERICK G.. 111 pllot workload in commercial transport alrcralt? aviation p 118 A90-26017 Pilottsuroeon inlliaht decision makino - A studv 01 the p 119 A90-26293 MASCHKE, PETER integration of aviation and operating room cognitive MEYER, GLENN The test system lor ab-initio pilot selection skills p 131 A90-26227 DLR 3-0 components of a biologicalneural network visualized p 134 A90 26269 LITTLE, FRANK in computer generated imagery I . Macular receptive field MASUVAMA, K. On the representation 01 life-support system models organization p 112 A90-27611 Study of advanced system for air revitalization ISAE PAPER 8914791 p 157 A90-27447 MEYER, P. [SAE PAPER 8915751 p 164 A90-27536 LITTLE, FRANK E. Life support syslem definition study for long duration MATSON, DAVID L. Comparison 01 waste combustion and waste electrolysis planetary missions Guidelines for sale human exposure to impact - A systems analysis 1 SAE PAPER 891505 I p 159 A90-27472 acceleration, update A SAE PAPER 891485 p 158 A90-27452 MIAN, ARSHAD 1 I IAD-AZ15287) p 123 NW-17268 LOFARO, RONALD JOHN A telescience monitoring and control concept for d MATSON, RAYMOND E. Exploratory research and development. The U S Army CELSS plant growth chamber Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in aviators with aviator candidate classification algorithm [SAE PAPER 8915851 p 165 A90-27544 recurrent sinus barotrauma p 115 A90 24433 p 134 A90-26263 MICHELSON, E. P. MATSUBARA, J. LOGAN, JAMES S. The investigation 01 particulate matter in the lungs 01 Promotion of a new radioprotective antioxidative agent Medical impact analysis for the Space Station smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-1761,' p 109 A9025334 p 115 A9024437 MILLER, CHRISTOPHER MATSUMOTO, HlROAKl LORETAN, P. A. Space station wardroom habitability and equipment Applicability of membrane distillation method to space Sweet potato growth parameters, yield components and study expenmental waste water treatment nutritive value lor CELSS applications I NASA-123-4246 I p 166 N90-17308 lSAE PAPER 8915781 p 164 A90-27538 ISAE PAPER 891571 I p 112 A90-27532 MILLER, JAMES LOWRIE, JAMES W. MATSUMOTO, HIROYO lntercorrelations among physiological and sublective Design overview p 147 A90-23912 Applicability 01 membrane distillation method to space measures 01 workload p 136 A90-26285 LUBNER. M. E. experimental waste water treatment MILLER, NITA L. Rates and risk factors lor accidents and incidents versus I SAE PAPER 891578 1 p 164 A90-27538 Cerebral tissue oxygen status and psychomotoi violations for U S airmen p 138 A90-26302 MAUREL, MARIE-CHRISTINE performance during lower body negative pressure LUCK, STEPHEN Nucleic acids and the origins 01 life (LBNP) p 114 A90 24426 Decompression sickness risks for European EVA p 169 A9026768 MILLER, RICHARD A. ISAE PAPER 891546 I p 120 A9027509 MAWN, STEPHEN T. STALL validation p 137 A90-26288 LUDEWIGT, BERNHARD Guidelines for sale human exposure to impact MILLER, ROBERT E., II Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter acceleration, update A Prescribing spectacles for aviators p 109 A90-25329 I ADA215287 I p 123 N90-17268 I AD-A214830 I p 166 N90-17310

6-7 MINEMOTO, M. PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX

MINEMOTO, M N OGAWA, WATARU Study of air revitalization system for Space Station Clothing microclimate of anti-exposure suit for aircrew I SAE PAPER 8915761 p 164 A90 27537 NACHEFF, MAURENA S. p 148 A90 26127 MITCHELL, LAWRENCE Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system OGBUEHI, C. R. The effects of cognitive workload on peripheral vision for an advanced portable life support system Sweet potato growth parameters yield components and p 135 A90 26279 I SAE PAPER 891595 I p 165 A90-27554 nutritive value for CELSS applications MITTLEMAN, K. D. NACHTWEV, D. STUART I SAE PAPER 891 571 I p 112 A90 27532 Use 01 self induced hypnosis to modily thermal balance Radiological health risks OGLE, KATHVRN V. during cold water immersion ISAE PAPER 8914321 p 119 A90-27403 CMlF ECLS system test findings I AD-AZ16156 I p 126 N90 18140 NADLER, ERIC D. (SAE PAPER 8915521 p 162 A90-27515 MIXON. RANDOLPH W. Some effects 01 consistency in training for automatic OKAUE, MIVAKO Manual control of the Langley Laboratory telerobotic information processing p 130 A90-26197 Psychological study on mood states 01 altitude chamber personnel before their chamber mission manipulator p 147 A90-24022 NAGASAWA, VUKO p 128 A90 26123 MODEST0 VALERIO, JULIO CESAR A study on measuring mental workload II . Mental load OKAZAKI. HlROSHl Flight safety A personality profile-based designation and salivary cortisol level p 127 A90 26122 01 ab initio helicopter flight training instructors and Applicability of membrane distillation method to space NAGEL. JOHN J. experimental waste water treatment instructor trainee coupling p 135 A9026275 Outfitting of the crew health care system for the Space ISAE PAPER 8915781 p 164 A9027538 MOLLENHAUER, P. C Station Freedom OLESON, MEL W. Pilot evaluation of selected colors and scales using a I SAE PAPER 891476 I p 157 A90-27444 Conceptual design of a closed loop nutrient solution digitized map display p 151 A90-26218 NAGLE, W. A. delivery system for CELSS implementation in a MONDON, CARL E. The protons of space and brain tumors I - Clinical and micro-gravity environment Effect 01 body weight gain on insulin sensitivity after dosimetric considerations p 109 A9025332 I SAE PAPER 891 586 I p 165 A9027545 retirement from exercise training p 110 A90-26319 The protons of space and brain tumors II . Cellular and OLLENDORF, STANFORD MONEY, K. E. molecular considerations p 109 A9025333 Evolution and advanced technology Motion sickness susceptibility and aerobic fitness - A NAKAMURA, AKlO p 147 A90 23915 longitudinal study p 116 A90-26009 A study on measuring mental workload II Mental load ONO, MlKlO MORAN, MICHAEL C. and salivary cortisol level p 127 A90-26122 The influence of visual cue upon the center of foot Pilot training Artificial intelligence vs pilot intelligence Change in saliva cortisol level of F-15 fighter pilots flying pressure (CFP) and muscle activities in posture control . p 153 A90-26226 several training missions p 118 A90-26124 Under a 1 5-degree visual field condition MORDFIN, THEODORE G. NATHAN, LESTER A. p 118 A90 26125 Vacuum resource provision for Space Station Dual-career military reserve aircrewmembers . Human OPARI, SUZANNE Freedom factors impact on aviation safety p 130 A90-26196 Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure I SAE PAPER 8914531 p 156 A90 27423 NEALV, JOHN E. in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide MOREV-HOLTON, EMILY Preliminary analyses of space radiation protection for IAD A2159861 p 113 N90-18134 Effects of simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin lunar base surface systems ORLADV, HARRY W. and bone calcium p 112 A9027627 ISAE PAPER 8914871 p 120 A9027454 Training for advanced cockpit technology aircraft MORRISON, ROWENA NELSON, BRENT D. p 129 A90-26184 ATC Control and communications problems . An Medical impact analysis for the Space Station OSADA, HlROSHl Overwew of recent ASRS data p 139 A90-26307 p 115 A90-24437 The influence of visual cue upon the center of foot pressure (CFP) and muscle activities in posture control MORROW, DANIEL NELSON, GREGORY A. - Under a 1 5-degree visual field condibon Use flight simulators to investigate the eflects 01 The nematode C elegans - A model animal system for 01 p 118 A90-26125 alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance I1 the detection of genetic and developmental lesions OSTLER, DAVID V. p 130 A90-26200 I SAE PAPER 891488 I p 111 A9027455 NETZ, JACOB Medical impact analysis for the Space Station MORTLEV, D. G. p 115 A9044437 Sweet potato growth parameters. yield components and Is VERTIGUARD the answer? p 151 A90-26213 NEWBOLD, 0. D. OVERTON, J. MICHAEL nutritive value for CELSS applications Effect of hindlimb suspension on cardiovascular ISAE PAPER 891571 I p 112 A9027532 Investigation 01 humidity control via membrane separation for advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) responses to sympathomimetics and lower body negative MOSES, W. M. application pressure p 108 A90 24399 Performance characterization of water recovery and I SAE PAPER 891 507 I p 159 A90-27474 Influence of single hindlimb support during simulated water quality from chemical/ organic waste products NIELSEN, RUTH weightlessness in the rat p 110 A90 26321 ( SAE PAPER 891509 I p 159 A9027476 Sensations of temperature and humidity during OZAKI, HIROKAZU MOSIER-ONEILL, KATHLEEN L. intermittent exercise and the influence 01 underwear knit Clothing microclimate of anti exposure suit for aircrew A contextual analysis of pilot decision making structure p 148 A90-26127 p 131 A90-26228 IAD-AZ15285 I p 123 N90-17266 MOSKALENKO, IU. E. NITAMI, NORIKO Cerebrovascular elfects 01 motion sickness The influence of visual cue upon the center of foot P p 108 A9024747 pressure (CFP) and muscle activities in posture control - PALINKAS, L. A. MOSS, A. J. Under a 1 5 degree visual field condition Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in The protons of space and brain tumors I - Clinical and p 118 A90-26125 antarctica dosimetric considerations p 109 A90 25332 NIXON, DAVID (AD-A216679 I p 126 N90-18142 MOSS, A. J., JR. Space station wardroom habitability and equipment The protons of space and brain tumors II - Cellular and study PANDOLF, KENT E. molecular considerations p 109 A9025333 I NASA-CR-4246 I p 166 N90-17308 Temperature regulation during upper body exercise Able bodied and spinal cord injured MOUNIER, V. NOLAN, MARGARET D. 1 AD-AZt5130 I p 122 N90-17264 Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle after 15 days The use of surrogate measurement for the prediction of hindlimb suspension p 107 A90-24398 Of flight training performances p 134 A90-26270 Physiological evaluation of men wearing three different toxicological protective systems MOZO, BEN T. NOLDING, MARTA AD-AZ155271 p 167 N90-17313 Evaluation of two objective measures of eflective Flight safety - A personality-profile-based designation I auditory stimulus level of ab initio helicopter flight training instructors and PARKER, LYNNE E. I AD-A214669 I p 121 N90-17755 instructor-trainee coupling p 135 A9026275 Job planning and execution monitoring for a NORMAND, HERVE human-robot symbiotic system MUIR, HELEN Periodic breathing and 02saturation in relation to sleep DE90-004464 p 167 N90-17315 Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving I I stages at high altitude p 117 A90 26013 smoke and fire p 146 N90-17613 PARSONS, DAVID S. NORTHEY, D. R. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in aviators with MUNDT, JAMES C. Effect of hypoxia on VO2 kinetics during pseudorandom recurrent sinus barotrauma p 115 A9024433 Use of flight simulators to investigate the effects of binary sequence exercise p 117 A90-26014 PARSONS, V. J. alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance I NOZAWA, FUKUMI p 149 A90 26199 Statistically based decompression tables 5 Change in saliva cortisol level of F-15 fighter pilots llying Haldane-Vann models for air diving MURPHY, ELIZABETH D. several training missions p 118 A90-26124 AD-AZl4934 p 122 N90 17261 Where's the workload in air traffic control? I I PATTERSON-BUCKENDHAL, PATRICIA p 139 A9026308 Effects of simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin MURRAY, F. GERALD 0 and bone calcium p 112 A9027627 Cobra communications switch integration program PATTERSON. JAMES H., JR. p 153 A90-26260 O'HARA. JOHN M. A human factors evaluation of Extravehicular Activity Evaluation of two obiective measures of eflective MVHRE, GRETE auditory stimulus level Accidents in fighter aircraft caused by human lactors gloves Why do they Occur p 140 N90-17278 ISAE PAPER 8914721 p 157 A90-27440 IAD A2146691 p 121 N90-17255 Use of quantitative electromyography (EMG) in the PATTERSON, M. J. Stress and performance during a simulated flight in a evaluation 01 fatigue associated with pressure glove Pilot evaluation of Selected colors and scales using a F-16 simulator p 142 N90-17285 work digitized map display p 151 A90 26218 MVHRE, KJELL I SAE PAPER 891 473 I p 120 A90-27441 PATTI, E. Vascular response 01 retinal arteries and veins to acute OAKLEV, DENISE L. Air loop concepts lor environmental control and life hypoxia of 8000, 10 000 12500 and 15000 feet of Waste management aboard manned spacecraft support simulated altitude p 114 A90-24428 [SAE PAPER 8915501 D 162 A9047513 I SAE PAPER 891537 I p 161 A90-27501 8-8 PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX ROER, ROBERT D.

PATTON, MARK W. PRINCE, R. REED, H. L., II Cockpit resource management skills enhance cornbat Criteria lor evaluating experiments on crop production Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic responSe mission performance in a 8-52 simulator in space to cold exposure after cold air acclimation p 132 A90-26241 I SAE PAPER 8915691 p 163 A9027530 I AD-A21681 7 I p 127 N90 18144 PAUL, P. G. PRODEN, R. D. REEVES, ADAM BAF . An advanced ecoloaical conceot for air aualitv A preliminary heat flow analysis 01 the U S Laboratory A model lor visual attention I AD-A214505 I p 144 N90-172D7 control and Habitation modules I SAE PAPER 891 535 I p 161 A90-27499 I SAE PAPER 8914601 p 156 A90-27429 REID, GARY 8. PENNINGTON, JACK E. PROKOFEV, S. K. Multidimensional scaling analysis of simulated air Evolution and advanced technology Neurophysiological mechanisms 01 oculomotor behavior combat maneuvering performance data II A follow-on in mammals p 110 A90-26378 p 139 A9026309 D 147 A90-23915 study PURSER, DAVID A. Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) PETERS, LESLIE J. Modelling time to incapacitation and death from toxic Effect 01 contralateral masking parameters on diflerence P user's guide and physical hazards in aircraft fires I AD-AZ15405 I p 167 N90-17312 limen for intensity p 125 N90-17619 I AD-A214169 I p 125 N90-18135 REINHARDT, AL PURVIS, BRADLEY PETERSON, MARY A. Results and applications of a space suit range 01-motion Reactions to emergency situations in actual and study Measures of subjective variables in visual cognition simulated flight p 141 N90-17283 I SAE PAPER 891 592 I p 165 A90 27551 I ADA21 5084 I p 145 N90-17303 PUTNAM, DAVID REISING, JOHN PETROPOULOS, ANNA E. A novel membrane-based water-reclamation Pathway-in-the-sky evaluation p 149 A9026205 Selection of atmospheric pressure for a lunar base - A posttreatment unit trade off study p 116 A90-24819 ISAE PAPER 8914461 p 155 A90-27417 REITZ, G. PFEIFFER, MARK G. PUTNAM, DAVID F. Response 01 Carausius morosus to spacefligt't p 109 A90 25331 Transfer of Simulated instrument training to instrument Recovery of hygiene water by multifiltration environment and contact flight p 129 A90-26192 I SAE PAPER 8914451 p 155 A90-27416 REYNOLDS, DAN PHIL, M. Advanced portable life support system component Rates and risk factors lor accidents and incidents versus integration and system testing violations for US airmen p 138 A90-26302 Q I SAE PAPER 891580 I p 164 A90-27540 PHILLIPS. MARK REYSA, R. Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter QUIlTNER, E. Life support system definition study for long duration 01 D 109 A9025329 Concept design the Special Purpose Dexterous planetary missions Manipulator for the Space Station Mobile Servicing I SAE PAPER 891 505 I p 159 A90 27472 PHILLIPS, SYBIL System p 146 A90-23898 A comparison of an integrated instrumentlprivate pilot REYSA, RICHARD P. A and an accelerated instrument flight training program Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water p 130 A90-26195 summary R I SAE PAPER 891443 I p 155 A9027414 PICCIONE, DIN0 Pilot assessment the AH-64 helmet mounted display RIASINA, T. V. of RADFORD, JAMES D. H. system p 151 A90-26217 Protective effect 01 various types and regimens of Lite support - Future trends and developments adaptation to hypoxia on the development ot PIEROTTI, DAVID J. I SAE PAPER 891 549 I p 162 A90-27512 stress induced lesions in KM line rats Influence 7 days of hindlimb suspension and of RADOMSKI, MANNY p 108 A90 24748 intermittent weight support on rat muscle mechanical Moderate exercise and hemodilution during sleep properties p 110 A90-26010 RICHARD, ELIZABETH E. deprivation p 114 A9024432 An overview 01 the Space Station Freedom PIERSON, DUANE I.. RAMACHANDRAN, V. S. ervironmental health system Microbial identification system for Space Station Transparency and coherence in human motion I SAE PAPER 891 538 I p 161 A90-27502 Freedom perception p 139 A90-26567 [SA€ PAPER 891 540 I p 161 A90-27504 RILEY, VICTOR A. RAPER, C. D. WIINDEX A crew workload prediction tool Definition of a near real-time microbiological monitor for Regulation 01 nitrogen uptake and assimilation Elfects p 154 A90-26296 application in space vehicles of nitrogen source. root-zone pH. and aerial CO2 [SAE PAPER 891541 I p 161 A90-27505 RINALDUCCI, EDWARD J. concentration on growth and productivity 01 soybeans The elfects of cognitive workload on peripheral vision PLEDGER, W. A. I NASA CR-177546 I p 168 N90-18147 p 135 A9026279 Investigation of humidity control via membrane RASH, CHARENCE E. The effects of foveal load on peripheral Sensitivity in separation for advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Attenuating the luminous output of the ANIPVS-SA night application the visual field vision goggles and its elfects on visual acuity I SAE PAPER 891 507 I p 159 A9027474 lA3-A2148721 p 122 N90-17260 I AD-A214895 I p 166 N90-17311 PLYLEY, MICHAEL J. RISTAD, ERIC S. RASMUSSEN, DARYL N. Moderate exercise and hemodilution during sleep Complexity of human language comprehension A telescience monitoring and control concept for a deprivation p 114 A9044432 I AD-AZ14591 I p 144 N90-17299 CELSS plant growth chamber POHLER, ROBERTS, DONALD E. c. n. I SAE PAPER 891 585 I p 165 A9027544 Workshop on the Effects of Combined Fire Products Psychological and physiological responses of blacks and on Human Physiological and Psychological Performance RATCLIFF, MATTHEW A. Caucasians to hand cooling {AD A2154651 p 123 N90-17270 Photocatalytic post-treatment in waste water (AD-AZ156461 p 124 N90-17272 POLLACK, KRISTINA reclamation systems ROBINSON, KEITH A. I SAE PAPER 891 508 I p 159 A90 27475 Psychological reactions of pilots involved in accldents Metabolic effects of exposure to hypoxia plus cold at in the Swedish Air Force p 140 N90-17279 RAUCH, T. MICHAEL rest and during exercise in humans p 119 A90 26322 Pie-treatment with tyrosine reverses hypothermia POLZELLA, RONALD J. ROBINSON, M. A. Multidimensional scaling analysis of simulated air induced behavioral depression The effects of control order feedback. practice. and IAD-AZ15211 p 123 N90-17265 combat maneuvering perfoFmance data. II . A follow-on I input device on tracking performance and perceived studv D 139 A90-26309 RAUCH, TERRY M. workload p 137 A90-26294 POTTER, SCOTT S. Altitude symptomatology and mood states during a climb ROBINSON, PETER I. Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) to 3,630 meters p 117 A90-26012 DAWN (Design Assistant Workstation) lor advanced A user's guide RAULIN, F. physical-chemical lile support systems 1 AD-A215405 I p 167 N90-17312 The formation of the building blocks of life on the I SAE PAPER 891481 I p 157 A90 27448 primordial earth p 169 A9026766 POVENMIRE, H. KINGSLEY ROCK, PAUL B. Cockpit resource management skills enhance combat RAY, R. J. The use of tympanometry to detect aerotitis media in mission performance in a 8-52 simulator Investigation of humidity control via membrane hypobaric chamber operations p 117 A90-26016 p 132 A90-26241 separation for advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) ROCKTOFF, JAMES POWELL, FEROLYN T. application The impact of the water recovery and management Atmosphere control for plant growth flight experiments I SA€ PAPER 891507 I p 159 A9027474 1 SAE PAPER 891587 I p 165 A90-27546 (WRM) subsystem wastewater recovery efficiency upon RAY, RODERICK J. the Space Station Freedom ECLSS water balance POWERS-RISIUS, PATRICIA A novel membrane-based water-reclamation I SAE PAPER 891482 I p 158 A9027449 Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter posttreatment unit ROCKWAY, MARTY R. D 109 A90-25329 ISAE PAPER 8914461 p 155 A90-27417 PREISIG, HEINZ A. Cockpit resource management skills enhance combat RAYNAUD, JEANNE mission performance in a 6-52 simulator On the representation of life-support system models Periodic breathing and 02 saturation in relation to sleep [SAE PAPER 8914791 p 157 A90-27447 p 132 A90-26241 stages at high altitude p 117 A90-26013 PREVIC, FRED H. RODGERS, E. B. REARDON. KIMBERLEY A. Detection of optical flow patterns during lowaltitude Ecology of micro-organisms in a small closed system flight p 135 A9026277 The effect of changes in edge and flow rates on altitude Potential benefits and problems for Space Station control p 136 A90 26284 PRICE, DENNIS L. I SAE PAPER 891491 I p 111 A90-27458 A methodology for determining information management REARDON, KIMBERLY A RODNICK, KENNETH J. requirements from a crew oriented mission scenario Effect of emergent detail on descent-rate estimations Effect 01 body weight gain on insulin sensitivity after p 153 A90-26242 in flight simulators p 153 A90-26278 retirement from exercise training p 110 A90-26319 PRICE, DON REAUX, RAY A. ROER, ROBERT D. Recovery of hygiene water by multifiltration Where's the workload in air traffic control? Bsne growth and calcium balance during simulated I SAE PAPER 891445 1 p 155 A9027416 p 139 A90-26308 weiqhtlessness in the rat p 107 A90 24396 ROGERS, T. D. PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX

ROGERS, T D. S SCHULZ. JOHN M. Performance characterization of water recovery and Medical impact analysis for the Space Station water quality from chemicallorganic waste products SALMON, Y. L. p 115 A90 24437 I SAE PAPER 891 509 I p 159 A9027476 Delayed effects of proton irradiation in Macaca mulatta SCHUU. JON R. ROHATGI, NARESH (22-year summary) p 109 A90-25330 The challenge of internal contamination in spacecraft Human life support during interplanetary travel and SAMS, TOM stations and planetary bases domicile I System approach Developing cockpit resource management training ISAE PAPER 8915121 p 11 1 A90-27478 ISAE PAPER 891431 I p 154 A90 27402 curricula for ab initio airline pilot training SCHUNK, RICHARD G. RONCERO, A. GONZALEZ p 129 A90-26187 CMlF ECLS system test findings Peripheral nervous velocity of conduction in fighter SARGENT, DONALD H. I SAE PAPER 891552 I p 162 A90-27515 pilots p 142 N90-17287 Feasibility of a common electrolyzer for Space Station SCHWARTZ, DOUGLAS ROSCOE, STANLEY N Freedom Training for situational awareness p 128 A90 26181 Transfer of landing skills in beginning llight training ISAE PAPER 8914841 p 158 A9027451 SCHWARTZ, ERIC Computing with neural maps Application to perceptual p 129 A90 26190 SAUER, R. L. and cognitive functions Display principles control dynamics and environmental Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedom AD-AZ166891 factors in pilot performance and transfer of training and long duration life support I p 126 N90-18143 SCHWARTZKOPF, STEVEN H. p 149 A9026191 ISAE PAPER 8915391 p 161 A90-27503 Conceptual design a closed loop nutrient solution ROSE, PAUL N. of SAUER, RICHARD delivery system for CELSS irnplementatlon in a The effects 01 cognitive workload on peripheral vision Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water - A micro-gravity environment p 135 A90 26279 summary I SAE PAPER 8915861 p 165 A90 27545 ROSENTHAL, LOREN J. ISAE PAPER 891443 I p 155 A9027414 SCOTT, STEVEN D. Human lactors in ATC operations - Anticipatory SAUER, RICHARD L. Early Carboniferous low-temperature hydrothermal vent clearances p 138 A90 26304 Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft communities from Newfoundland p 110 A90 26566 ROSEVEAR, ALAN water system - Interim results SEALE, D. 8. Waste management aboard manned spacecraft ISAE PAPER 8915431 p 161 A90-27507 Ecology of micro organisms in a small closed system ISAE PAPER 8915501 p 162 A9027513 SAVAGE, P. D., JR. Potential benefits and problems lor Space Station The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility as a barrier ROSKE-HOFSTRAND, RENATE J. I SAE PAPER 891491 I p 11 1 A90-27458 to environmental contamination Multi media authoring Instruction and training 01 air SEALE, DIANNE B. ISAE PAPER 8915171 p 11 1 A90-27482 traffic controllers based on ASRS incident reports The use of models to predict potential contamination p 138 A9026306 SAVAGE, SUSAN F. aboard orbital vehicles Mullisensor integration - A methodoloaical studv I SAE PAPER 891492) p 11 1 A90 27459 ROSS, LEONARD E. p i52 ~9o-26220 SEGAL, LEON Use of flight simulators to investigate the effects of SAWKA. MICHAEL N. TASKILLAN . A simulation to predict the validity of alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance I Temperature regulation during upper body exercise Able multiple resource models of aviation workload p 149 A90 26199 bodied and spinal cord injured p 136 A90 26286 What do pilots know about the 04 percent BAC rule? IAD-A2151301 p 122 N90-17264 SEGAL, LEON D. p 132 A90 26245 Physiological evaluation of men wearing three different Transfer of landing skills in beginning flight training ROSS, MICHAEL J. toxicological protective systems p 129 A9026190 An evaluation 01 integrated cornrnerc~alfllght training I AD-A215527 I p 167 N90-17313 Dilferences in cockpit communication p 129 A90 26194 SCARLETT. JANlE B. p 153 A90-26255 Microbial identification system for Space Station SELCON, S. J. ROSS, MURIEL D. Freedom Are two sources of cockpit information better than 3-D components 01 a biological neural network visualized in computer generated imagery I - Macular receptive field ISAE PAPER 8915401 p 161 A90-27504 one? p 152 A90 26221 SCHAFER, R. SELLARDS, R. organization p 112 A90-27611 The development status 01 the Hermes environmental Testing for potential problem pilots and human error in ROSS, SUSAN M. control and life support subsystem the cockpit p 133 A90 26256 What do pilots know about the 04 percent BAC rule? I SAE PAPER 891 547 I p 162 A90-27510 SEMPORE, B. p 132 A90 26245 SCHENK. PAUL E. Skeletal muscle adaptation in rats flown on Cosmos ROTHERAM. MARY A Early Carboniferous low-temperature hvdrothermal vent 1667 p 107 A90 24397 Atmospheric Composition Monitor Assembly for Space communities from Newfoundland p i10 A90-26566 SESHAN, P. K. Station Freedom Environmental Control and Lile Support SCHIFLElT. SAMUEL Human life support during interplanetary travel and System lntercorrelalions among physiological and subjective domicile I - System approach ISAE PAPER 891451 I p 156 A90-27421 measures of workload p 136 A9026285 I SAE PAPER 891431 I p 154 A90 27402 ROTHMEYER, MARKUS SCHIMMERLING, WALTER SHACKELFORD, ROY L. Performance simulation 01 environmental control Biophysical aspects of heavv ion interactions in matter Lack 01 effect of vasopressin replacement on renin systems with interface oriented modelling technique p 109 A90-25329 hypersecretion in Brattleboro rats p 112 A90 27626 I SAE PAPER 891478 I p 157 A90-27446 SCHMID, R. SHAFFER, D. The role of smooth pursuit in suppression of Concept design 01 the Special Purpose Dexterous ROTONDO, G post-rotational nystagmus p 114 A90-24429 Manipulator for the Space Station Mobile Servicing New perspectives in the treatment of hypoxic and SCHMIDT, DAVID K. System p 146 A90 23898 ischemic brain damage - Effect 01 gangliosides Pilot-vehicle analysis of multiaxis tasks SHARP, MARILYN A. p 115 A9024435 p 127 A90-25996 Effectiveness of progressive resistance training lor ROY, ROLAND R. SCHMIDT, GEORGE R. increasing maximal repetitive lifting capacity Influence of 7 days of hindlimb suspension and Feasibility of a common electrolyzer for Space Station I AD-A215286 I p 123 N90-17267 intermittent weight support on rat muscle mechanical Freedom SHECHTER, JOEL properties p 110 A90-26010 I SAE PAPER 8914841 p 158 A90-27451 Pilotlsurgeon inflight decision making A study of the ROY, SERGE SCHMIDT, JOHN K. integration 01 aviation and operating room cognitive Use of quantitative electromyography (EMG) in the Symbology development for tactical situation displays skills p 131 A9026227 evaluation of fatigue associated with pressure glove p 150 A90-26206 SHELIGA, B. M. work SCHMIDT, ROBERT N. Neurophysiological mechanisms of oculomotor behavior ISAE PAPER 891473 I p 120 A90 27441 Water recovery by vapor compression distillation in mammals p 110 A9026378 SAE PAPER 891444 p 155 A90-27415 SHENK, TIMOTHY W. RUDOKAS, MARY R. I I SCHNEIDER, WALTER DAWN (Design Assistant Workstation) for advanced DAWN (Design Assistant Workstation) for advanced Feedback effects in computer-based skill learnina physical chemical life support systems physical-chemical life support systems I AD-AZ14560 I I SAE PAPER 891481 I SAE PAPER 891481 p 157 A9027448 p 157 A90-27448 1 I SCHNEPP. TERl SHEPHARD, ROY J RUETHER, W. Bioisolalion testing 01 Space Station Freedom modular Moderate exercise and hemodilution during sleep Response of Carausius morosus to spacellight habitats deprivation p 114 A90-24432 environment p 109 A9025331 ISAE PAPER 8915161 p 160 A90-27481 SHEREMET. 1. P. RUIZ, ROBERT SCHUBERT, WAYNE W. Emotional stress postural regulation of blood circulation, Voice analysis to predict the psychological or physical The nematode C elegans . A model animal system for and some discrepancies in the concepts of arterial state of a speaker p 118 A90-26019 the detection 01 genetic and developmental lesions hypertrophy pathogenesis p 110 A9026379 RUSS, THOMAS W. I SAE PAPER 8914881 p 11 1 A90-27455 SHERMAN, BILL Vacuum resource provision lor Space Station SCHULTHEIS, L. W. TASKILLAN A simulation to predict the validity of Freedom Physiological parameters of artificial gravity multiple resource models of aviation workload I SAE PAPER 891453 I p 156 A90 27423 p 116 A90-24818 p 136 A90 26286 SCHULTZ, JAMES 8. SHERWIN, GARY W. RUSSO, DANE Space Station phase 111 Environmental Control and Lile An empirical investigation of the effect of virtual An overview 01 the Space Station Freedom Support System, lest bed control and data acquisition collimated displays on visual performance environmental health system system design p 154 A90-26283 I SAE PAPER 891 538 I p 161 A90-27502 I SAE PAPER 891 556 I p 163 A9027518 SHIMA, SEIGO RUSSO, DANE M. SCHULTZ, JOHN R. Breeding 01 hydrogen producing anaerobic bacteria A rationale for atmospheric monitoring on Space Station Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft Cellulase secretion lrom transformed Escherichia coli Freedom water system - Interim results JM109 I SAE PAPER 891514 I p 160 A90-27480 ISAE PAPER 8915431 p 161 A9027507 1 DE90-710739 I p 113 N90-18133 8-10 PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX TOWNSEND, LARRY W'.

SHIMAMOTO, YOUSUKE SOTSKAIA, M. N. Enabling human exploration of space. A life sciences Results of upper digestive tract examination of physical Protective effect of various types and regimens of overview ISAE PAPER 891471 p 119 A90-27433 examination for flying in aged pilots p 118 A90 26126 adaptation to hypoxia on the development of I stress-inducedlesions in KM line rats SURVANSHI, S. S. SHIRAKI, K. p 108 A90-24748 Statistically based decompression tables E Preliminary design of JEM Environmental Control and Haldane-Vann models for air diving Life Support System SPACH, GERARD 1 ADA214934 I p 122 N90-17261 I SAE PAPER 8915741 p 163 A90 27535 Chiral molecules at the origin of life p 169 A90-26769 SVENSSON, BENGT SHIVELY, ROBERT J. SPARK, JAMES N. Decompression sickness risks for European EVA Cobra communications switch integration program Integration of a low cost part task trainer (Advanced I SAE PAPER 8915461 p 120 A90-27509 p 153 A90-26260 Training Device - ATD) into a flight crew development SZOBOSZLAY, ZOLTAN SHUB, YOSSl program p 130 A90-26204 Cobra communications switch integration program Is VERTIGUARD the answer? p 151 A90-26213 SPEYER, J. J. o 153 A90-26260 SHUKITT-HALE, BARBARA A320 crew workload modelling p 137 A90-26287 Altitude symptomatology and mood states during a climb SPINNER, BARRY to 3,630 meters p 117 A9026012 Using the Canadian Automated Pilot Selection System T SHULG0VSKII;V. V. to predict performance in primary flying training - Straight and level flight p 134 A90-26264 Neurophysiologicalmechanisms of oculomotor behavior TAGGART, WILLIAM R. in mammals p 110 A90-26378 SPRINGER, DARLENE CRM validation program p 132 A90-262351 Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support SHVARTZ, E. TAJIMA. FUMIKO System Test Facility at Marshall Space Flight Center Advantages of a low-oxygen environment in space Change in saliva cortisol level of F-I5 lighter pilots flying JSAE PAPER 8915551 p 163 A90-27517 cabins p148 A9026020 several training missions p 118 A90-26124 STADEAGER, CARSTEN SIEM, FREDERICK M. Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on human TAKASHIMA, ZENJl Personality characteristics of USAF pilot candidates forearm blood flow p 119 A90-26320 Psychologicalstudy on mood slates of altitude chambei p 141 N90-17281 STAGER, PAUL personnel before their chamber mission SIMIZU, KEN Instrument scanning and subfective workload with the p 128 A90-26123 Clothing microclimate of anti-exposuresuit for aircrew Peripheral Vision Horizon Display p 152 A90-26219 TARREL. RICHARD J. p 148 A90-26127 Analysis of air traflic control operating irregularities Qlot judgment in TCA-related flight planning SIMKOFF, ALAIN p 138 A90-26305 p 131 A90 26230 Clinical aspects of inflight incapacitationsin commercial STAPLES, JOHN L. TARUI, HIDE0 aviation p 118 A90-26017 Microbial identification system for Space Station A study on measuring mental workload ll .Mental load SIMON, RALF Freedom and salivary cortisol level p 127 A90-26122 Performance simulation 01 environmental control [ SAE PAPER 891540 I p 161 A90-27504 Change in saliva cortisol level of F-15 lighter pilots flying systems with interlace oriented modelling technique STATLER, IRVING C. several training missions p 118 A90 26124 1 SAE PAPER 891478 I p 157 A90-27446 Maintaming human productivity during Mars transit TAYLOR, GERALD R. SIMONS, JOHN C. I SAE PAPER 891435 I p 139 A90-27406 Space immunology - Past, present and future Electroluminescentlights for formation flights STAVELAND, LOWELL E. p 116 A90-24820 p 150 A90-26208 Comparison of thermal (FLIR) and television images TAYLOR, HENRY L. p 150 A90-26212 SIMSKE, S. A comparison of an integraled instrumentlprivate pilot Mouse tail-suspension as a model of microgravity - STERBA, JOHN A. and an accelerated instrument flight training program p 130 A90-26195 Effects on skeletal. neural and muscular systems Insulation. compressibility and absorbency of dry Suit (SAE PAPER 8914891 p 111 A90-27456 undergarments TAYLOR, R. M. I AD-A215944 I p 168 N90-18149 Are two sources of cockpit information better than SIPES, WALTER E. one7 p 152 A90-26221 The psychological profile in aircraft accident STERN, J. R. investigation p 138 A90-26299 Biogenic amineslmetabolic response profiles of pilots TAYLOR, ROBERT D. . An approach to study physiological responses Biofilm lormation and control in a simulated spacecraft SIVIER, JONATHAN E. p 118 A90-26248 water system - Interim results Display principles.control dynamics. and environmental STEVENS, L. I SAE PAPER 891 543 I p 161 A9027507 factors in pilot performance and transfer of training Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle after 15 days TECK, P. p 149 A90-26191 of hindlimb suspension p 107 A90-24398 Review of serious aircraft accidents in the Belgian Air SKELLY, JUNE STEWART, J. J. Force Causes and cornparison with selection data Reactions to emergency situations in actual and Therapeutic eflects of antimotion sickness medications p 140 N90-17277 simulated flight p 141 N90-17283 on the secondary symptoms of motion sickness TENGROTH, BJORN SKOROMNYI, N. A. p I15 A90-24434 Effect of speclral flash on readaptation time Cerebrovascular effects of motion sickness STEWART, JOHN S. S. p 114 A90-24430 p 108 A90-24747 The importance of pathophysiologicalparameters in fire THACKRAY, RICHARD I. SKWERES, JOYCE A. modelling of aircraft accidents p 125 N90-17618 Ferformance recovery following startle A laboratory Microbial identification system for Space Station STEWART, LISA J. approach to the study of behavioral response to sudden Freedom Where's the workload in air traflic cOntrO17 aircraft emergencies p 142 N90-17286 I SAE PAPER 891 540 I p 161 A90-27504 p 139 A90-26308 THOMASON, DONALD 8. SLATER. TIMOTHY STIGLICH, JOSEPH F. Atrophy of the soleus muscle by hindlimb unweighting Intercorrelations among physiological and subiective Insulation compressibility and absorbency of dry suit p 107 A90-24395 measures of workload p 136 A90 26285 undergarments THOMPSON, DAVID C. SLAVIN. T. 1 AD-A215944 I p 168 N90-18149 An exploratory analysis of motion sickness data A time Life support system definition study for long duration STODIECK, L. S. series approach planetary missions Mouse tail-suspension as a model of microgravity - [ AD-A215534 I p 123 N90-17271 ISAE PAPER 891 505 1 p 159 A90-27472 Effects on skeletal. neural and muscular Systems THORNTON, BOB M. 1 SA€ PAPER 891489 I p 111 A9027456 Space Station phase Ill EnvironmentalControl and Life SMITH, PHILIP J. Support System. test bed control and data acquisition Enroute flight-path planning .Cooperative performance STOKES, ALAN system design of flight crews and knowledge-based systems Expertise. stress. and pilot judgment p 152 A90-26224 p 141 N90-17284 I SAE PAPER 891 556 I p 163 A90.27518 STOLLE, MICHAEL F. TIMM. MARC SMITH, RICHARD A. Atmosphere control for plant growth flight experiments Outfitting of the crew health care system for the Space Outfitting of the crew health care system lor the Space Station Freedom 1 SAE PAPER 891 587 I p 165 A90-27546 Station Freedom TIPTON, CHARLES M. ISAE PAPER 891476) p 157 A90-27444 ISAE PAPER 891 476 I p 157 A90 27444 Effect of hindlimb suspension on cardiovascular STONER, G. R. SMITH, RUSSEL 8. responses to sympathomimetics and lower body negative Transparency and coherence in human motion A cepstral analysis of EEG (Electroencephalographic) pressure p 108 A90-24399 perception p 139 A90-26567 signals in motion sickness studies Influence of single hindlimb support during simulated I AD-A215663 I p 124 N90-17273 STRUMPF, HAL J. weightlessness in the rat p 110 A90-26321 SOMMER, C. V. Thermal sink for the advanced extravehicular mobility TODD, JAMES T. Ecology of micro-organismsin a small closed system - unit portable life support system Visual perception of structure from motion I SAE PAPER 891581 p 164 A90-27541 Potential benefits and problems for Space Station I I ADA216416 1 p 126 N90-18141 [SA€ PAPER 891491 I p 111 A90-27458 STUMP, CRAIG S. TOFFANO, G. SOMPS, C. Influence of single hindlimb support during Simulated New perspectives in the treatment of hypoxic and Mouse tail-suspension as a model of microgravity . weightlessness in the rat p 110 A90-26321 ischemic brain damage - Effect of gangliosides Effects on skeletal. neural and muscular systems SUDAR, MARTIN p 115 A90-24435 1 SAE PAPER 891489 I p 11 1 A9027456 Atmosphere control for plant growth flight experiments TOLLEY-HENRY, L. SONNENFELD, GERALD 1 SAE PAPER 891587 I p 165 A90-27546 Regulation of nitrogen uptake and assimilation Effects Space immunology . Past present and luture SULOWSKY, ANDREW C. of nitrogen source root-zone pH. and aerial C02 p 116 A90 24820 Measurement of maximum arrest force in performance concentration on growth and productivity of soybeans SORKIN, ROBERT D. tests of fall protection equipment p 154 A90-26850 I NASACR-1775461 p 168 N90-I8147 Auditory pattern memory Mechanisms of tonal SULZMAN, FRANK M. TOWNSEND, LARRY W. sequence discrimination by human observers Artificial gravity as a countermeasure in long-duration Biaphysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter I AD-A2144941 p 120 N90-17253 manned space flight p 116 A90 24817 p 109 A90-25329 6-11 TOWNSEND, LAWRENCE W. PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX

TOWNSEND. LAWRENCE W. VOGT, LOREN2 WHITE, GEORGE Preliminary analyses of space radiation protection for Decompression sickness risks lor European EVA Fatigue and safety - A reassessment lunar base surface systems ISAE PAPER 8915461 p 120 A9027509 p 133 A90-26251 ISAE PAPER 891487 I p 120 A90 27454 VON BITTER, PETER H WHITMAN, GERALD A. TRAWEEK. MARY S. Early Carboniferous low temperature hydrothermal vent Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem evaluation . Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem evaluation communities from Newfoundland p 110 A9026566 Microbiological analysis of system hardware pretreatment Microbiological analysis of system hardware pretreatment VON LEIRER, MR. solutions and product water solutions and product water Use of flight simulators to investigate the effects of I SAE PAPER 891 551 I p 162 A9027514 ISAE PAPER 891551 I p 162 A90 27514 alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance ll Phase Ill integrated water recovery testing at MSFC - TRAXLER, G. p 130 A90 26200 Design plans and protocols CO2 processing and 02 reclamation system selection I SAE PAPER 891554 I p 163 A90 27516 process for future European space programmes WICKENS, CHRISTOPHER D. I SAE PAPER 891 548 I p 162 A90 27511 W Frame of reference for electronic maps -The relevance TRIKHA, ARUN K. of spatial cognition. mental rotation and componential task Thermal management and environmental control of WACHTEL, H. analysis p 150 A9026207 hypersonic vehicles Mouse tail suspension as a model of microgravity . TASKILLAN A simulation to predict the validity of [ SAE PAPER 891440 1 p 154 A90 27411 Effects on skeletal neural and muscular systems multiple resource models of aviation workload TROWBRIDGE. JOHN 8. p 136 A90-26286 I SAE PAPER 891469 1 p 11 1 A90-27456 Outfitting of the crew health care system for the Space Expertise stress. and pilot judgment WAGNER, PHILLIP A. Station Freedom p 141 N90-17284 Space Station Freedom gaseous trace contaminant load I SAE PAPER 8914761 p 157 A9027444 Proximity compatibility and information display The model development TSANG, PAMELA S. effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall A reappraisal of aging and pilot performance ISAE PAPER 8915131 p 160 A90-27479 conditions p 132 A9026246 WALKER-SMITH, G. J. IAD-A214488 1 p 166 N90-17309 TUMLIN, JERREL D , JR The trials and tribulations of RAF defence mechanism WIDMAN, DEMARIS A. Pareto optimization design techniques for the AFlT (Air testing p 143 N90 17291 Evaluation of simulation techniques of Synthetic Force Institute of Technol0gy)lAAMRL (Armstrong WANG, LING Aperture Radar images for inclusion in weapon systems Aeronautical Medical Research Laboratory) Effect of spectral flash on readaptation time trainers p 150 A90-26211 anthropomorphic robotic manipulator p 114 A9024430 WIEGMAN, JANET F. I AD-A216178 I p 168 N90 18150 WARD-DOLKAS, PAUL Potential for reduction of decompression sickness by TURNAGE, JANET J Bioisolation testing of Space Station Freedom modular prebreathing with 100 percent oxygen while exercising The use of surrogate measurement for the prediction habitats ISAE PAPER 8914901 p 120 A90 27457 Of flight training performances p 134 A90-26270 ISAE PAPER 8915161 p 160 A90 27481 WIELAND, PAUL 0. TUTTELL, ROBERT J WARM, JOEL S. CMlF ECLS system test findings Pilot response to avoidance regions depicted on A dynamic model of stress and sustained attention I SAE PAPER 891552 1 p 162 A90 27515 alternate TCAS 11 resolution advisory displays p 127 A90-25025 WIERSTEINER. S. R. p 152 A90 26223 WARNCKE, MARIT A Q-sort assessment of flight instruction as an Stress and performance during a simulated flight in a occupational choice by B S degree seeking aviation F-16 simulator p 142 N90-17285 students Progress report p 130 A9026198 U WARREN, RIK WIGLE, J. F. Effect of emergent detail on descent-rate estimatlons The protons of space and brain tumors II - Cellular and UNGS, TIMOTHY J in flight simulators p 153 A9026278 molecular considerations p 109 A90 25333 The vection illusion in the aero-marine environment . The effect of changes in edge and flow rates on altitude WILHELM, JOHN A flight safety concern p 136 A9026281 Managerial leadership assessment - Personality URSIN, HOLGER control p 136 A90 26284 WATSON, ANDREW E. correlates of and sex differences in ratings by leaders Activation Positive and negative effects of the alarm The method of constant stimuli IS inefficient peers, and followers p 135 A90-26272 system in the brain p 143 N90 17290 p 140 A90-27636 WILHELM, JOHN A. WEATHERSBY, P K. Personality based clusters as predictors of aviator v Statistically based decompression tables 5 attitudes and performance p 135 A90 26273 Haldane-Vann models for air diving When training boomerangs Negative outcomes VAERNES, RAGNAR J IAD-AZ149341 p 122 N90 17261 associated with Cockpit Resource Management Stress and performance during a simulated flight in a WEBB, JAMES T. programs p 135 A9026274 F-16 simulator p 142 N90 17285 Potential for reduction of decompression sickness by WILKINS, ROBERT RYAN VAINSHTEIN, G. B prebreathing with 100 percent oxygen while exercising In the beginning . Ab initio training lor tiltrotor crews Functioning of the cerebral circulation system in rabbits ISAE PAPER 8914901 p 120 A90 27457 p 133 A90 26261 WILSON, DENISE L. under hyperthermia p 108 A90 24750 WEINBERG, RlCKY A. A cornparison of an integrated instrument/private pilot A methodology for determining information management VAN, J H. E. and an accelerated instrument flight training program requirements from a crew oriented mission scenario Smokehoods donned quickly The impact of donning p 130 A90-26195 p 153 A90 26242 smokehoods on evacuation times p 167 N90-17614 WEINBERGER, NORMAN M. WILSON, GLENN F. VANDENBOSCH, P. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and informatlon Reactions to emergency Situations in actual and Review of serious aircraft accidents in the Belgian Air processing in the auditory cortex simulated flight p 141 N90-17283 Force Causes and comparison with selection data I AD-A216092 I p 126 N90-18139 Standardized tests for research with environmental p 140 N90 17277 WEINSHALL, DAPHNA stressors The AGARD STRES battery VANDERBOSCH, P Stimulus familiarity determines recognition strategy for p 144 N90 17295 Principle guidelines lor the psychological screening of novel 3-D objects WILSON, JOHN W. candidate pilots lor the Belgian Air Force IAD-A215274 I p 145 N90-17305 Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter p 143 N90 17292 WEINSTEIN, LISA F. p 109 A90-25329 VANDERMARK, MICHAEL J. Fitts and Jones analysis of pilot error . 40 years later Preliminary analyses of space radiation protection for Aircrew Team Dynamics A comprehensive crew p 133 A90 26253 lunar base surface systems management program lor America West Airlines pilots and Ground texture information for aimpoint estimation ISAE PAPER 8914871 p 120 A90 27454 flight attendants p 134 A90 26265 p 136 A9026282 WINFIELD, DAN VAZIRI, PARSHAW WEISS, MARC S. A human factors evaluation of Extravehicular Activity 3-D components of a biological neural network visualized Guidelines for safe human exposure to impact gloves in computer generated imagery I Macular receptive field acceleration. update A I SAE PAPER 891 472 I p 157 A90 27440 organization p 112 A9027611 IAD-AZ15287 I p 123 N90 17268 WISE, JOHN A. VAZQUEZ, J. M. MORENO WENZEL, JUERGEN An empirical investigation of the effect of virtual Peripheral nervous velocity of conduction in fighter Decompression sickness risks for European EVA collimated displays on visual performance pilots p 142 N90-17287 ISAE PAPER 8915461 p 120 A9027509 p 154 A90-26283 WEST, PHILIP R. VENTRE, J WITHERILL, JERRY Performance evaluation of advanced space suit The role of smooth pursuit in suppression of Linear structural modeling of pilot risk perception concepts for Space Station post-rotational nystagmus p If4 A9024429 Solutions to problems of non-normal response ISAE PAPER 891591 p 165 A90-27550 VEROSTKO, CHARLES E. I WHEELER, DAVID A. distributions p 133 A90 26252 Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water A Sensitivity of detecting simulated ascent and descent WOLFE, JAMES W. summary in peripheral vision p 136 A9026280 Artificial gravity as a countermeasure in long-duration I SAE PAPER 891443 I p 155 A90 27414 WHEELER, DAVID ANDREW manned space flight p 116 A90 24817 Carbon dioxide and water vapor high temperature Sensitivity of the peripheral vision to simulated aircraft WOLPERT, LAWRENCE electrolysis ascent and descent p 146 N90-18145 The effect of changes in edge and flow rates on altitude ISAE PAPER 8915061 p 159 A90 27473 WHEELER, R. control p 136 A90 26284 Photocatalytic post treatment in waste water Criteria for evaluating experiments on crop production WOLVERTON, B. C. reclamation systems in space Bioregeneraiive space and terrestrial habitat ISAE PAPER 8915081 p 159 A90 27475 I SAE PAPER 891 569 I p 163 A90 27530 p 148 A90-24802 VIDULICH, MICHAEL A. WHEELER, WILLIAM A. WONG, MERVYN Oblective measures of workload Should a secondary Training for advanced cockpit technology aircraft Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter task be secondary? p 137 A90-26291 D 129 A90 26184 D 109 A9025329

6-12 PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX ZHANG, BAOLAN

WOOD, C. D. Therapeutic effects of antimotion sickness medications on the secondary symptoms of motion sickness p 115 A9024434 WOOD, D. H. Delayed eflects of proton irradiationin Macaca mulatta (22-year summary) p 109 A9025330 WOOD, LVNNETTE Survey of ERlM approaches applicable to semi-automatic target detection and cueing for multispectral and multisensor exploitation (ADA214241 I p 144 N90-17296 WOOD, M. J. Therapeutic elfects of antimotion sickness medications on the secondary symptoms of motion sickness p 115 A90-24434 WOODWARD, LORI Space Station Freedom carbon dioxide removal assembly ISAE PAPER 891449) p 155 A90 27419 WOODWARD, SAMUEL S. Definition of a near real-lime microbiological monitor for application in space vehicles [SAE PAPER 891541 I p 161 A9027505 WRAY, A. E. The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility as a barrier lo environmental contamination I SAE PAPER 891 51 7 1 p 111 A90-27482 WRIGHT. BRUCE On the representation of life-support system models ISAE PAPER 8914791 D 157 A90-27447 WRIGHT, BRUCE D. CELSS engineering - Proportional control of CO2 using higher plants I SAE PAPER 891 573 I p 163 A9027534 WRIGHT, R. H. ATC control and communications problems - An overview of recent ASRS data p 139 A90-26307 WVDEVEN, T., JR. Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedom and long duration life support I SA€ PAPER 891 539 I p 161 A9027503 X

XING, H. C. Effect of hypoxia on VO2 kinetics during pseudorandom binary sequence exercise p 117 A90-26014 XING, HUACHENG Cardiovascular response to 4 hours of 6-deg head-down tilt or of 30-deg head-up tilt bed rest p I17 A90-26015 Y

VAYASHIRO, H. Study of advanced system for air revitalization I SA€ PAPER 891 575 I p 164 A90-27536 VANG, REN-HUI Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide 1 AD-A215986 1 p 113 N90-I8134 VESAVAGE. JEROME Use of flight simulators to investigate the effects of alcohol and other drugs on pilot performance I1 p 130 A90-26200 YOCHMOWITZ, M. 0. Delayed effects of proton irradiation in Macaca mulatta (22-year summary) p 109 A9025330 VOST, BRUCE Atmosphere control for plant growth flight experiments I SA€ PAPER 891587 I p 165 A90-27546

ZAHORCHAK, ROBERT J. Definition of a near real-time microbiologicalmonitor for application in space vehicles lSAE PAPER 891541 1 p 161 A9027505 LELIBOR, JOSEPH L. Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem evaluation - Microbiologicalanalysis of system hardware, pretreatment solutions and product water (SAE PAPER 891551 1 p 162 A90-27514 ZHANG, BAOLAN The characteristics of physiological responses and tolerance evaluation of pressure breathing (AD-A214991 1 p 122 N90-17262

8-13 CORPORATE SOURCE INDEX

~~~______~~_____~~~~___~~ ~~~~~~ AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY /A Continuing Bibliography (Supplement 337) June 1990

Pareto optimization design techniques for the AFlT (Air Belgian Air Force, Brussels. Force Institute of Techno1ogy)lAAMRL (Armstrong Review of serious aircraft accidents in the Belgian Aii Typical Corporate Source Aeronautical Medical Research Laboratory) Force Causes and comparison with selection data Index Listing anthropomorphic robotic manipulator p 140 N90-17277 I AD-A216178 I p 168 N90-18150 Bend Research, Inc., OR. Air Force Medlcal Center, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. A novel membrane based water reclamatior Attenuating the luminous output of the AN/PVS-SA night posttreatment unit vision goggles and its effects on visual acuity I SAE PAPER 891446 I p 155 A90-27417 CORPORATE SOURCE I AD-A214895 I p 166 N90-17311 Investigation of humidity control via membrane Air Force Systems Command, Wright-Patterson AFB, separation for advanced ExtravehicularMobility Unit (EMU) -r- OH. application The characteristics of physiological responses and I SAE PAPER 891507 I p 159 A90-27474 Blonetlca Corp., Cocoa Beach, FL. tolerance evaluation of pressure breathing Bergen Univ. (Norway). A simple, mass balance model of carbon flow in a [AD-A214991 I p 122 N90-17262 4ctivation Positive and negative effects of the alarm controlled ecological life support system Air Transport Users Committee, London (England). system in the brain p 143 N90 17290 [NASA-TM-I02151] 20 N90-10571 Smokehoods donned quickly The impact of donning Blo-Dynamics Research and Development Corp., 7 P-- 1 smokehoods on evacuation times p 167 N90-17814 Eugene, OR. r Alabama Univ., Huntsville. Dissociation revisited - Workload and performance in Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedom a simulated flight task p 137 A90-26290 and long duration life support Bionetics Corp., Cocoa Beach. FL. ISAE PAPER 8915391 p 161 A9027503 ICriteria for evaluating experiments on crop production Definition of a near real-time microbiological monitor for in space application in space vehicles I SAE PAPER 8915691 p 163 A9027530 lSAE PAPER 891541 I p 161 A90-27505 Atmosphere control for plant growth flight experiments Listings in this index are arranged alphabetically Allied-Signal Aerospace Co., Des Plaints, IL. I SAE PAPER 891587 I p 165 A90-27546 Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system Boeing Aerospace Co., Houston, TX. by corporate source. The title of the document is for an advanced portable life support system Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water - A used to provide a brief description of the subject I SAE PAPER 891595 I p 165 A90-27554 summary matter. The page number and the accession Allled-Signal Aerospace Co., Torrance, CA. I SAE PAPER 891443 I p 155 A90-27414 Life support system definition study for long duration number are included in each entry to assist the Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system for an advanced portable lile support system planetary missions user in locating the abstract in the abstract section. I SA€ PAPER 891595 I p 165 A9027554 1 SA€ PAPER 891 505 I p 159 A90-27472 If applicable, a report number is also included as Arizona Univ.. Tucson. Boelng Aerospace Co., Seattle, WA. an aid in identifying the document. Effect of hindlimb suspension on cardiovascular 1 ife support system definition study for long duration responses to sympathomimetics and lower body negative planetary missions pressure p 108 A90-24399 I SAE PAPER 891505 I p 159 A90-27472 Influence of single hindlimb support during simulated Definition of a near real-time microbiological monitor for weightlessness in the rat p 110 A90-26321 application in space vehicles ISAE PAPER 891541 I p 161 A90-27505 Measures of subjective variables in visual cognition Phase 111 integrated water recovery testing at MSFC . I AD-A215084 I p 145 N90-17303 A Design. plans, and protocols Army Aeromedical Research Lab., Fort Rucker, AL. I SAE PAPER 891554 I p 163 A90-27516 Simulator sickness in the AH-IS (Cobra) flight Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Gonceptual design of a closed loop nutrient solution simulator Development, Neuilly-Sur-Seine (France). delivery system for CELSS implementation in a I AD-A214562 I p 121 N90-17254 Human Behaviour in High Stress Situations in Aerospace microgravity environment Operations Evaluation of two objective measures of effective I SAE PAPER 891586 I p 165 A90-27545 I AGARD-CP-458I p 140 N90-17275 auditory stimulus level Boelng Co., Houston, TX. I AD-AZ14669 I p 121 N90-17255 Aeronautical Research Inst. of Sweden, Stockholm. Delinition of a near real-time microbiological monitor for Psychological reactions of pilots involved in accidents Army Aviation Systems Command, Moffett Field, CA. application in space vehicles Cobra communications switch integration program in the Swedish Air Force p 140 N90-17279 ISAE PAPER 891541 I p 161 A90-27505 p 153 A9026260 Boston Univ., MA. Aerospace Medical Research Labs., Wright-Patterson Visual perception of structure from motion AFB, OH. Army Research Inst. of Envlronmental Medicine, I AD-A216416 I p 126 N9U 18141 Reactions to emergency situations in actual and Natick, MA. simulated flight p 141 N90-17283 Temperature regulation during upper body exercise Able bodied and spinal cord injured Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT): I AD-A215130 I p 122 N90-I7264 C n ..^,..1^^...rl^ n "Dr, 7, yu,ur I AD A21 5405 I p 167 N90-17312 Pre-treatment with tyrosine reverses hypothermia Call,ornla Unlv,, Berkeley, induced behavioral depression Air Force Academy, CO. Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter p 123 N90-17265 Cockpit resource management skills enhance combat I p 109 A90 25329 mission performance in a B 52 simulator Sensations of temperature and humidity during California unlv., ~~~i~~, 132 intermittent exercise and the influence of underwear knit Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and information structure Air Force Human Resources Lab., Brooks AFB, TX. processing in the auditory cortex Personality characteristics of USAF pilot candidates I AD-A215285 I P 123 N90-17266 I ADA21 6092 I p 126 N90 18139 p 141 N90-17281 Effectiveness of progressive resistance training for California Univ., Los Angeles. increasing maximal liftingcapacity Air Force Inat. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. Influence of 7 days of hindlimb suspension and AD-A2152861 An exploratory analysis of motion sickness data A time P 123 N90-17267 intermittent weight support on rat muscle mechanical series approach Psychologicaland physiological responses of blacks and Properties p 110 A90-26010 I AD-A215534] 123 N90.17271 Caucasians to hand cooling Criteria lor evaluating experiments on crop production A cepstral analysis of EEG (Electroencephalographic) I AD-A21 5646 I p 124 ~90.17272 in space SAE PAPER 891569 signals in motion sickness studies Physiological evaluation of men wearing three different I I p 163 A90-27530 California Univ., San Francisco. I AD-A215663 I p 124 ~90.17273 toxicological protective systems I AD A215527 I Lack of effect of vasopressin replacement on renin Measurement 01 the impulse response of the human t67 N90-17313 hypersecretion in Brattleboro rats p 112 A90-27626 visual system using correlation techniques Effects of simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin I AD-A215667 I p 124 N90-17274 and bone calcium p 112 A90-27627 Payload invariant control via neural networks B Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry, Development and experimental evaluation Chiba IJaDanL IAD-A2157401 p 146 N90-17306 Barrios Technology, Inc., Houston, TX. Bree'diAg of hydrogen producing anaerobic bacteria A comparison of microcomputer training methods and Performance evaluation of advanced space suit Cellulase secretion from transformed Escherichia coli sources concepts for Space Station JM109 (AD-A2163491 p 146 N90-18146 ISAE PAPER 891591 I p 165 A9027550 I DE90-7107391 p 113 N90-I8133

c- 1 Cincinnati Univ. CORPORA TE SOURCE

Cincinnati Univ., OH. Hampton Univ., VA. Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft A dynamic model of stress and sustained attention Multimedia authoring - Instruction and training of air water system - Interim results p 127 A90-25025 traffic controllers based on ASRS incident reports I SAE PAPER 891543 I p 161 A90 27507 Civil Aeromedical Inst., Oklahoma City, OK. p 138 A90-26306 Performance recovery follOwing Startle A laboratory Hewlett-Packard Labs., Paio Alto, CA. approach lo the study of behavioral response to sudden The method of constant stimuli is inefficient L aircraft emergencies p 142 N90-17286 p 140 A90-27636 The research program at the Civil Aeromedical Institute Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH. Houston Univ., Clear Lake, TX. Atmosphere control lor plant growth flight experiments concerning protective breathing equipment for use by crew A rationale for atmospheric monitoring on Space Station and passengers in an aviation smokellume environment 1 SAE PAPER 891587 I p 165 A90-27546 Freedom Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Houston, TX. p 167 N90-17616 lSAE PAPER 8915141 p 160 A90-27480 Computer Technology Associates, Inc., McLean, VA. Enabling human exploration of space - A life sciences Human Engineering Labs., Aberdeen Proving Ground, overview Frame of reference for electronic maps - The relevance MD. of spatial cognition. mental rotation, and componential task ISAE PAPER 891471 I p 119 A90-27439 Effect of contralateral masking parameters on difference Development of a preprototype Advanced ana I y s is p 150 A9026207 limen for intensity Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AEMU) regenerable life Connecticut Univ., Storrs. 1 AD-A2141691 p 125 N90-18135 Criteria for evaluating experiments on crop production support subsystem - A progress report Human Systems Div.. Brooks AFB, TX. in space I SAE PAPER 891579 I p 164 A90-27539 Environmental quality and occupational health Special I SAE PAPER 891569 I p 163 A90-27530 Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, CA. Emphasis Area Plan (SEAP) Cranfield Inst. of Tech., Bedford (England). Conceptual design of a closed loop nutrient solution I AD-A214738 I p 121 N90-17259 Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving delivery system for CELSS implementation in a smoke and fire p 146 N90-17613 Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. (England). micro.gravity environment Modelling time to incapacitation and death from toxic ISAE PAPER 8915861 p 165 A90-27545 and physical hazards in aircraft fires Louisiana State Univ., Shreveport. D p 125 N90-I7619 Therapeutic effects of antimotion sickness medications on the secondary symptoms of motion sickness Dayton Univ., OH. p 115 A9024434 Cockpit resource management skills enhance combat I Louisville Univ., KV. mission performance in a 6-52 simulator SDace immunoloqv_. . Past. Dresenl and future p 132 A90-26241 llllnois Univ., Savoy. p 116 A90-24820 Safely evaluation of infrared lamp power output for Frame of reference for electronic maps .The relevance Lufthansa German Airlines, Frankfurt (Germany, F.R.). oculometer eyelhead tracker system of spatial cognition. mental rotation. and componential task Fliqht crew traininq for lire fiqhlinq-- (AD-A215809( p 125 N90-18138 analysis p 150 A90-26207 p 146 N90-17615 Defence Research Establishment Atlantic, Dartmouth Illinois Univ., Urbana. (Nova Scotia). TASKILLAN - A Simulation to predict the validity of Human factors in the naval environment A review of multiple resource models of aviation workload M motion sickness and biodynamic problems p 136 A9026286 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. IAD-AZ14733 I p 121 N90-17258 Illinois Univ., Urbana-Champaign. Defence Research Establlshment, Ottawa (Ontario). A comparison of communication modes for delivery of Expertise. stress. and pilot judgment air traffic control clearance amendments in transport Some practical advice on cold weather clothing p 141 N90-17284 IAD-AZ35936 I p 168 N90-18148 category aircraft p 153 A90-26236 llllnois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy. Complexity of human language comprehension Proximity compatibility arid information display' The I AD-A214591 I p 144 N90-17299 effects of space and color on the analysis of aircraft stall The perceptual buildup of three-dimensional structure E conditions from motion I ADA214488 I p 166 N90-17309 I AD-A214640 I p 144 N90-17300 Environmental Research Inst. of Michigan, Ann Arbor. lnstitut d'Aeronomie Spatiale de Beigique, Brussels. Stimulus familiarity determines recognition strategy for Survey of ERlM approaches applicable to Principle guidelines for the psychological screening of novel 3-D objects semi-automatic target detection and cueing for candidate pilots for the Belgian Air Force I AD-A215274 I p 145 N90-I7305 multispectral and mullisensor exploitation p 143 N90-17292 McDonnell-Douglas Space Systems Co., Houston, TX. IAD-AZ14241 I p 144 N90-17296 Institute for Perception RVO-TNO, Soesterberg Mass analysis for the Space Station ECLSS using the Erasmus Univ.. Rotterdam (Netherlands). (Netherlands). balance spreadsheet method Descending pathways to the cutaneus trunci muscle Prediction of success in flight training by single- and I SAE PAPER 891 502 I p 158 A9027469 motoneuronal cell group in the cat p 112 A90-27622 dual-task performance p 143 N90-17293 McDonnell-Douglas Space Systems Co., Huntsville, AL. Standardized tests for research with environmental Microgravily sensitivities for Space Station ECLS stressors: The AGARD STRES battery subsystems F p 144 N90-17295 I SAE PAPER 891483 I p 158 A9027450 Institute of Aviation Medicine, Oslo (Norway). Ministry of Defence, London (England). Florida Univ., Gainesvilie. Stress and performance during a simulated flight in a The trials and tribulations of RAF defence mechanism Auditory pattern memory. Mechanisms of tonal F-I6 simulator p 142 N90-17285 testing p 143 N90-I7291 sequence discrimination by human Observers Israeli Air Force Aeromedical Center, Tel Hashomer. IAD-A214494 I p 120 N90-17253 The descent from the Olimpus: The effect of accidents on aircrew survivors p 141 N90-17280 N G National Aeronautics and Space Administration, J Washington, DC. General Electric Co., Moffett Field, CA. Artificial gravity as a countermeasure in long-duration The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility as a barrier Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., manned space flight p 116 A9024817 to environmental contamination Pasadena. Space immunology - Past, present and future [SAE PAPER 8915171 p 111 A90-27482 Evolution and advanced technology p 116 A90-24820 A telescience monitoring and control concept for a p 147 A9023915 Enabling human exploration of space - A life sciences CELSS plant growth chamber Human life support during interplanetary travel and overview I SAE PAPER 891 585 I p 165 A90-27544 domicile. I - System approach ISAE PAPER 891471 I p 119 A90-27439 Crew system dynamics - Combining humans and George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA. [SA€ PAPER 891431 I p 154 A90-27402 automation Recognition of environmental sounds The nematode C. elegans - A model animal system for I AD-A214942 I p 145 N90-17302 the detection of genetic and developmental lesions ISAE PAPER 8915301 p 160 A90-27494 I SAE PAPER 891488 I p 11 1 A90-27455 The 1988-1989 NASA spacelgravitational biology George Washington Univ., Washington, DC. accomplishments The 1988-1989 NASA spacelgravitational biology Johns Hopkins Univ., Laurel, MD. Structural alterations in the cornea from exposure lo I NASA-TM-4160 I p 113 N90-17251 accomplishments Publications of the Exobiology Program for 1988: A I NASA-TM-41601 p 113 N90-17251 infrared radiation I AD-A215340 I p 123 N90-17269 special bibliography Publications of the Exobiology Program for 1988 A I NASA-TM-41691 p 169 N90-17316 special bibliography Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing I NASA-TM-41691 p 169 N90-17316 K bibliography with indexes (supplement 333) Grumman Aerospace Corp., Bethpage, NV. I NASA-SP-701l(333) I p 125 N90-I8136 A human factors evaluation of Extravehicular Activity Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing gloves Measuring learning ability by dynamic testing bibliography with indexes (supplement 331) 1 SAE PAPER 891472 I p 157 A90-27440 I AD-A215273 I p 145 N90-17304 I NASA-SP-701l(331) I p 125 N90-18137 Krug International. Houston, TX. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Ames Medical impact analysis for the Space Station Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. H p 115 A9024437 Trends and individual differences in response to An overview of the Space Station Freedom short-haul flight operations p 127 A90-24431 Hamilton Standard Management Services, Houston, environmental health system Performance evaluation in lull-mission simulation - TX. I SAE PAPER 8915381 p 161 A90-27502 Methodological advances and research challenges Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water - A Microbial identification system for Space Station p 128 A90-26178 summary Freedom Crew workload-management strategies - A critical factor I SAE PAPER 891443 I p 155 A9027414 I SAE PAPER 891540 I p 161 A90-27504 in system performance p 128 A9046179 c-2 CORPORA TE SOURCE Rouen Univ.

An evaluative model 01 system performance in manned Photocatalytic post treatment in waste water Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA. teleoperational systems p 149 A90 26202 reclamation systems Psychophysiological correlates of human adaptation in Heading control and the elfects 01 display I SA€ PAPER 891 508 I p 159 A9027475 antarctica characteristics p 130 A90-26210 Performance characterization 01 water recovery and I ADA216679 I p 126 N90-18142 Comparison 01 thermal (FLIR) and television images water quality from chemicallorganic waste products Naval Medical Research Inst., Bethesda, MD. p 150 A9026212 ISAE PAPER 8915091 p 159 A90-27476 Statistically based decompression tables 5- Pilot response to avoidance regions depicted on A rationale for atmospheric monitoring on Space Station Haldane-Vann models for air diving alternate TCAS II resolution advisory displays Freedom I AWA214934 I p 122 N90-17261 p 152 A90 26223 ISAE PAPER 8915141 p 160 A90-27480 Arginine vasopressin lowers pulmonary artery pressure Communication variations and aircrew performance An overview of the Space Station Freedom in hypoxic rats by releasing artrial natriuretic peptide p 131 A90-26234 environmental health system I AC)-A215986 I p 113 N90-18134 ISAE PAPER 8915381 p 161 A90-27502 Cobra communications switch integration program Llse of self-induced hypnosis to modify thermal balance Problems in water recycling lor Space Station Freedom p 153 A90 26260 dursng cold water immersion and long duration life support Leader personality and crew elfectiveness A IAC)-A2161561 p 126 N90-18140 lull mission simulation experiment p 135 A90 26271 I SAE PAPER 891 539 I p 161 A90-27503 Alterations in the metabolic and sympathetic response Personality based clusters as predictors of aviator Microbial identification system for Space Station to Cold exposure alter cold air acclimation attitudes and perlormance p 135 A90 26273 Freedom [AD-A216817 I p 127 N90-18144 Apparent limitations of head up displays and thermal [SA€ PAPER 8915401 p 161 A90 27504 imaging systems p 153 A90 26276 Definition 01 a near real time microbiological monitor for Naval Submarine Medical Center, Groton, CT. Dissociation revisited - Workload and performance in application in space vehicles Workshop on the Eflects of Combined Fire Products a simulated flight task p 137 A90-26290 I SAE PAPER 891 541 I p 161 A90-27505 on Human Physiological and Psychological Performance Multi-media authoring Instruction and training 01 air Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft I AD-A215465 I p 123 N90-17270 tralfic controllers based on ASRS incident reports water system - Interim results Navy Experimental Diving Unit, Panama City, FL. p 138 A90 26306 lSAE PAPER 8915431 p 161 A9027507 Insulation. compressibility and absorbency 01 dry suit Ellect of body weight gain on insulin sensitivity after Development of a preprototype Advanced undergarments retirement from exercise training p 110 A90 26319 Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AEMU) regenerable life I AC-A215944 I p 168 N90-18149 Maintaining human productivity during Mars transit support subsystem A progress report New York Univ. Medical Center. I SAE PAPER 891 435 I p 139 A9027406 1 SAE PAPER 8915791 p 164 A9027539 Computing with neural maps Application to perceptual DAWN (Design Assistant Workstation) for advanced A helmet mounted display demonstration UnitIoraSpace and cognitive functions physical-chemical life support systems Station application I AD-A216689 I p 126 N90-18143 [SAE PAPER 891481 I p 157 A90 27448 I SAE PAPER 891583 I p 164 A90-27543 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. The rodent Research Animal Holding Facility as a barrier Conceptual design of a closed loop nutrient solution Regulation of nitrogen uptake and assimilation. Elfects to environmental contamination delivery system for CELSS implementation in a 01 nitrogen source, root-zone pH, and aerial C02 ISAE PAPER 8915171 p 111 A90-27482 micro gravity environment concentration on growth and productivity of soybeans Problems in water recycling for Space Station Freedom I SAE PAPER 891586 I p 165 A90-27545 I NASA-CR-177546 I p 168 N90-18147 and long duration life support Performance evaluation of advanced space suit North Carolina Univ., Wilmington. I SAE PAPER 891539 I pi61 A9027503 concepts lor Space Station Bone growth and calcium balance during simulated A telescience monitoring and control concept for a [SAE PAPER 891591 I p 165 A90 27550 weightlessness in the rat p 107 A90-24396 CELSS plant growth chamber Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA. 1 SAE PAPER 891585 I p 165 A90-27544 lor an advanced portable life support system A model lor visual attention Results and applications 01 a space suit range-of-motion ISAE PAPER 8915951 p 165 A90-27554 [AD-A2145051 p 144 N90-17297 study Bio reactor chamber Norwegian Underwater Technology Center Ltd., ISAE PAPER 8915921 p 165 A90-27551 I NASA-CASE-MSC-20929-1I p 113 N90 17252 Laksevaag. 3 D components of a biological neural network visualized National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Stress and performance during a simulated flight in a in computer generated imagery I - Macular receptive field Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA. F-I€simulator p 142 N90-17285 organization p 112 A90-27611 Evolution and advanced technology NSI Technology Services Corp., Dayton, OH. Lack of ellect of vasopressin replacement on renin p 147 A90-23915 Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Toxicology hypersecretion in Brattleboro rats p 112 A90-27626 Manual control of the Langley Laboratory telerobolic I AD A21 5076 I p 122 N90-17263 Ellects of simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin manipulator p 147 A90 24022 and bone calcium p 112 A90-27627 Biophysical aspects of heavy ion interactions in matter Angular velocity discrimination p 139 A90-27635 p 109 A90-25329 0 The method of constant stimuli is inelficient Preliminary analyses of space radiation protection for p 140 A90 27636 lunar base surface systems Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Leader personality and crew elfectiveness Factors I SAE PAPER 891487 I p 120 A90-27454 Job planning and execution monitoring for a influencing performance in full-mission air transport National Aeronautics and Space Administration. human-robot symbiotic system simulation p 141 N90-17282 Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL I DE90-004464 1 p 167 N90-17315 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Application of biocatalysts to Space Station ECLSS and Ohio State Univ, Columbus. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. PMMS water reclamation Enroute flight-path planning - Cooperative performance NASA s first dexterous space robot I SAE PAPER 891 442 I p 155 A90-27413 of flight crews and knowledge-based systems p 147 A90-23911 Microgravity sensitivities for Space Station ECLS p 152 A90-26224 FTS operations p 147 A90 23913 subsystems Evolution and advanced technology I SAE PAPER 8914831 p 158 A90-27450 p 147 A90 23915 Ecology of micro organisms in a small closed system P Potential benefits and problems lor Space Station National Aeronautics and Space Administration John Pattern Analysis and Recognition Corp , New Hartford, ISAE PAPER 891491 I p 111 A9027458 C. Stennis Space Center, Bay Saint Louis, MS. NY. Bioregenerative space and terrestrial habitat System level design analyses for the Space Station Survey of ERlM approaches applicable to Environmental Control and Life Support System p 148 A90 24802 semi automatic target detection and cueing for I SAE PAPER 891500 I p 158 A90 27467 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. John multispectral and multisensor exploitation CMlF ECLS system test findings F. Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL. IAD-A214241 I p 144 N90 17296 ISAE PAPER 8915521 p 162 A90-27515 Controlled Ecological Lile Support System Breadboard Photo Catalytics, Inc., Boulder, CO Project 1988 p 148 A90-24803 Phase Ill integrated water recovery testing at MSFC - Phutocatalytic post-treatment in waste water Criteria for evaluating experiments on crop production Design. plans and protocols reclamation systems in space I SAE PAPER 891554 I p 163 A90-27516 I SAE PAPER 891508 I p 159 A90-27475 I SAE PAPER 891 569 I p 163 A90 27530 Space Station Environmental Control and Lile Support Pittsburgh Univ., PA. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. System Test Facility at Marshall Space Flight Center Feedback effects in computer.based skill learning Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. 1 SAE PAPER 8915551 p 163 A90 27517 IAD A2145601 p 144 N90-17298 Medical impact analysis lor the Space Station Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab, Pensacola, p 115 A90 24437 FL. Space immunology - Past present and future A review 01 circadian elfects on selected human R p 116 A90-24820 information processing tasks Radiological health risks IAD A2146731 p 121 N90-17256 RECOM Software, Inc., Moffett Field, CA. SAE PAPER 891432 p 119 A90 27403 I 1 Identifying the circadian cycle in human information DAWN (Design Assistant Workstation) for advanced Test results on reuse of reclaimed shower water - A processing data using periodicity analysis A synopsis physical-chemical life support systems summary I AD-A214674 1 p 121 N90-17257 ISAE PAPER 891481 I p 157 A90-27448 ISAE PAPER 8914431 p 155 A90-27414 Research Inst. for Advanced Computer Science, Personality assessment in aviation selection Recovery of hygiene water by multifiltration Moffett Field, CA. p 142 N90-17289 I SAE PAPER 891445 I p 155 A90-27416 An evaluative model 01 system performance in manned Predicting Air Combat Maneuvering (ACM) Development of the CELSS Emulator at NASA JSC teleoperational systems p 149 A90 26202 I SAE PAPER 891477 I p 157 A90 27445 performance p 143 N90-17294 Research Triangle Inst.. Research Triangle Park, NC. Carbon dioxide and water vapor high temperature Development of a performance-based test 01 gaze A buman factors evaluation of Extravehicular Activity electrolysis capability A threshold approach gloves I SA€ PAPER 891506 I p 159 A90 27473 I AD-A214675 I p 145 N90-17301 ISAE PAPER 8914721 p 157 A90-27440 Investigation of humidity control via membrane Naval Biodynamics Lab., New Orleans, LA. Rouen Univ. (France). separation lor advanced Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Guidelines for sale human exposure to impact Method lor the evaluation 01 toxicity of combustion application acceleration update A products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and I SAE PAPER 891507 I p 159 A90-27474 I AD-A215287 I D 123 N90 17268 results p 124 N90 17612

c-3 Royal Air Force Inst. of Aviation Medicine Farnborough CORPORA TE SOURCE

Royal Air Force Inst. of Aviation Medicine, U Farnborough (England). Causes of aircrew error in the Royal Air Force Umpqua Research Co., Myrtle Creek, Ore. p 140 N90-17276 Application 01 biocatalysts to Space Station ECLSS and Royal Air Force Inst. of Pathology and Tropical PMMS water reclamation Medicine, Aylesbury (England). I SAE PAPER 891 442 I p 155 A90-27413 The investigation of particulate matter in the lungs of Recovery of hygiene water by multililtration smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-17617 ISAE PAPER 891445 I p 155 A9027416 Royal Albert Edward Infirmary. Wigan (England). A novel membrane-based water reclamation The importance of pathophysiological parameters in fire posttreatment unit modelling 01 aircraft accidents p 125 N90-17618 lSAE PAPER 8914461 p 155 A90-27417 Royal Norwegian Air Force, Blindern. Metal oxide regenerable carbon dioxide removal system Accidents in fighter aircraft caused by human factors for an advanced portable lile support system Why do they occur p 140 N90-17278 I SAE PAPER 891 595 I p 165 A90-27554 United Technologies Corp.. Windsor Locks, CT. A helmet mounted display demonstration unit lor a Space S Station application I SAE PAPER 891583 I p 164 A9027543 San Francisco Univ., CA. University of Central Florida, Orlando. Descending pathways to the cutaneus trunci muscle The eflects of foveal load on peripheral sensitivity in motoneuronal cell group in the cat p 112 A90-27622 the visual field San Jose State Univ., CA. I AD-A214872 I p 122 N90-17260 Cornparison of thermal (FLIR) and television images University of Southern California, Los Angeles. p 150 A90-26212 A dynamic model of stress and sustained attention Dissociation revisited - Workload and performance in p 127 A90 25025 a simulated flight task p 137 A90-26290 The effects of control order, feedback, practice and School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX. input device on tracking performance and perceived Prescribing spectacles lor aviators workload p 137 A90-26294 1 AD-A214830 I p 166 N90-17310 Training and selecting individuals lor high levels of Southern California Inst. of Architecture, Santa information processing load p 142 N90-17288 Monica. Utah State Univ.. Logan. Space station wardroom habitability and equipment Carbon use efficiency in optimal environments study ISAE PAPER 8915721 p 112 A9027533 I NASA-CR-4246 I p 166 N90-17308 Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Spanish Air Force (23rd Wing), Talavera AFB. Medical impact analysis for the Space Station Peripheral nervous velocity 01 conduction in lighter p 115 A9024437 pilots p 142 N90-17287 Stanford Univ., CA. Effect of body weight gain on insulin sensitivily after v retirement lrom exercise training p 110 A90-26319 Sterling Software. Moffett Field, CA. Veterans Administration Hospital, Palo Alto, CA. Cobra communications switch integration program Elfect of body weight gain on insulin sensitivity alter p 153 A90-26260 retirement from exercise training p 110 A90-26319 Sterling Software, Palo Alto, CA. Veterans Administration Hospital, San Francisco, CA. 3-D components of a biological neural network visualized Effects of simulated weightlessness on rat osteocalcin in computer generated imagery. I . Macular receptive field and bone calcium p 112 A90-27627 organization p 112 A90-2761 I Sverdrup Technology, Inc., Bay Saint Louis, MS. Bioregenerative space and terrestrial habitat W p 148 A90-24802 Syracuse Univ.. NV. Washington Univ., Seattle. Communication variations and aircrew performance Sensitivity of the peripheral vision to simulated aircraft p 131 A90-26234 ascent and descent p 146 N90-18145 Westinghouse Research and Development Center, Pittsburgh, PA. T Carbon dioxide and water vapor high temperature electrolysis Technische Univ.. Berlin (Germany, FA). [SA€ PAPER 8915061 p 159 A90-27473 Checklist reading problems in airplanes equipped with Wisconsin Univ., Milwaukee. speech recognition systems Ecology of micro-organisms in a small closed system . I ILR MITT-223(1989) I p 167 N90 17314 Potential benefits and problems lor Space Station Texas AELM Univ., College Station. [SAE PAPER 891491 1 p 11 1 A9027458 Comparison 01 waste combustion and waste electrolysis The use of models to predict potential contamination - A systems analysis aboard orbital vehicles ISAE PAPER 891485 I p 158 A90-27452 lSAE PAPER 891492) p 111 A90-27459 Perlormance characterization of water recovery and water quality lrom chemicallorganic waste products I SAE PAPER 891509 1 p 159 A9027476 Electrochemical incineration of wastes (SAE PAPER 8915101 p 159 A9027477 Investigation 01 the eflects of external supports on manual lifting I PB90-I03367 I p 166 N90 17307 Texas Univ., Austin. Performance evaluation in full mission simulation - Methodological advances and research challenges p 128 A90 261 78 Communication variations and aircrew performance p 131 A90 26234 Managerial leadership assessment Personality correlates 01 and sex differences in ratings by leaders peers and followers p 135 A90 26272 Personality based clusters as predictors 01 aviator attitudes and performance p 135 A90 26273 When training boomerangs Negative OutcOmeS associated with Cockpit Resource Management programs p 135 A9026274 Texas Univ , Houston. Atrophy of the soleus muscle by hindlimb unweighting p 107 A9024395 Effect 01 lysophosphatidylcholine on the filtration coefficient in intact dog lungs p 113 A9027628 Tuskegee Inst.. AL. Sweet potato growth parameters yield components and nutritive value for CELSS applications [SAE PAPER 891571 I p 112 A9027532 c-4 FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY INDEX

AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY /A Continuing Bibliography (Supplement 337) June 1990

Effect of hypoxia on VO2 kinetics during pseudorandom Development of the catalytic oxidizer technology for tho binary sequence exercise p 117 A90-26014 European space programme Cardiovascular response to 4 hours of 6 deg head-down [SAE PAPER 891533 I p 160 A90-2749 7 Typical Foreign Technology tilt or of 30-deg head up tilt bed rest Microbiological contamination control in the Columbus Index Listing p 117 A90-26015 project Instrument scanning and subjective workload with the I SAE PAPER 8915341 p 160 A90-274911 Peripheral Vision Horizon Display p 152 A90-26219 Development activities for the European EVA Space Suit Using the Canadian Automated Pilot Selection System System (ESSS) to predict performance in primary flying training - Straight 1 SAE PAPER 8915441 p 162 A90-27506 COUNTRY OF and level flight p 134 A90-26264 Decompression sickness risks lor European EVA INTELLECTUAL Analysis of air traffic control operating irregularities I SAE PAPER 891 546 I p 120 A90-27509 p 138 A9026305 The development status of the Hermes environmental Early Carboniferous low temperature hydrothermal vent control and life support subsystem communities from Newfoundland p 110 A9026566 ISAE PAPER 891547 I p 162 A90-2751C Measurement of maximum arrest force in performance NETHERLANDS Checklist reading problems in airplaries equipped with The use of graphs in the ergonomic evaluation of tall tests of fall protection equipment p 154 A9026850 Human factors in the naval environment A review of speech recognition systems pilots' sitting posture p 167 N90-17314 motion sickness and biodynamic problems I ILR-MITT-223(1989) I r I AD A21 4733 I p 121 N90-17258 Flight crew training for fire fighting Some practical advice on cold weather clothing p 146 N90-17615 I AD-A21 5936 I p 168 N90-18148 CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF The characteristics of physiological responses and I tolerance evaluation of pressure breathing [AD-A214991 I p 122 N90-I7262 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION A320 crew workload modelling p 137 A90-26287 Listings in this index are arranged alphabetically Exploratory experience in mental process in Some by country of intellectual origin. The title of the D airplane accidents due to human factorsp 138 A90-26300 document is used to provide a brief description of DENMARK BAF - An advanced ecological concept for air quality the subject matter. The page number and the ac- Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on human forearm blood flow p 119 A9026320 control cession number are included in each entry to assist I SAE PAPER 891 535 I p 161 A9027499 the user in locating the citation in the abstract sec- Air loop concepts for environmental control and life tion. If applicable, a report number is also included F support as an aid in identifying the document. I SAE PAPER 891 537 I p 161 A90-27501 FRANCE IRELAND Skeletal muscle adaptation in rats flown on Cosmos A review of airline sponsored ab initio pilot training in 1667 p 107 A90-24397 Europe p 128 A90-26180 Contractile properties of rat soleus muscle after 15 days Fatigue and safety. A reassessment of hindlimb suspension p 107 A90-24398 p 133 A90-26251 Clinical aspects of inflight incapacitations in commercial A human performance re-interpretation of factors aviation p 118 A90-26017 A contributing to an airline aviation accident Voice analysis to predict the psychological or physical p 138 A90-26298 state of a speaker p 118 A90-26019 ISRAEL AUSTRALIA Interstellar and circumstellar molecules and elements IS VERTIGUARD the answer? p 151 A90-26213 Flight instructor training as the foundation of ab initio necessary lor lile p 168 A9026762 pilot training p 129 A90-26193 The descent from the Olimpus The eflect of accidents The formation 01 the building blocks of life on the on aircrew survivors p 141 N90-17280 An evaluation of integrated commercial flight training primordial earth p 169 A90-26766 p 129 A90-26194 ITALY The early emergence of proteins p 169 A9026767 The role of smooth pursuit in suppression of AUSTRIA Nucleic acids and the origins of life post-rotational nystagmus p 114 A9024429 CO2 processing and 02 reclamation system selection p 169 A90-26768 New perspectives in the treatment of hypoxic and process for future European space programmes Chiral molecules at the origin 01 life ISAE PAPER 8915481 p 162 A90-27511 ischemic brain damage - Effect of gangliosides p 169 A90-26769 p 115 A9024435 Human Behaviour in High Stress Situations in Aerospace Operations B I AGARD-CP-458 I p 140 N90-17275 J Method for the evaluation of toxicity of combustion BELGIUM products from aircraft cabin materials Analysis and JAPAN Review of serious aircraft accidents in the Belgian Air results p 124 N90-17612 Promotion of a new radioprotective antioxidative agent Force Causes and comparison with selection data p 109 A90 25334 p 140 N90-17277 A study on measuring mental workload II . Mental load Principle guidelines for the psychological screening of and salivary cortisol level p 127 A90-26122 candidate pilots for the Belgian Air Force G Psychological study on mood states of altntude chamber D 143 N90-I7292 GERMANY,FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF personnel before their chamber mission BOLIVIA Response of Carausius morosus to spaceflight p 128 A90-26123 Periodic breathing and 02 saturation in relation to sleep environment p 109 A90-25331 stages at high altitude p 117 A90-26013 Change in saliva cortisol level of F-I5 fighter pilots flying Measuring stress of helicopter pilots - An analysis of several training missions p 118 A90-26124 BRAZIL deficiencies in critical flight situations The influence of visual cue upon the center of foot Flight safety - A personality-profile-based designation p 133 A90-26249 pressure (CFP) and muscle activities in posture control - of ab initio helicopter flight training instructors and The use of Simulators in ab-initio helicopter-training instructor-trainee coupling p 135 A90-26275 Under a I 5-degree visual field condition p 133 A90-26259 p 118 A90-26125 The DLR test system for ab-initio pilot Selection Results of upper digestive tract examination of physical C p 134 A9046269 examination for flying in aged pilots p 118 A90-26126 Workload assessment by secondary tasks and the Clothing microclimate of anti-exposure suit for aircrew multidimensionality of human information processing CANADA p 148 A90-26127 resources p 138 A90-26295 Concept design of the Special Purpose Dexterous Preliminary design 01 JEM Environmental Control and Manipulator for the Space Station Mobile Servicing Performance simulation of environmental control Life !Support System System p 146 A90-23898 systems with interlace oriented modelling technique I SAE PAPER 8915741 p 163 A90-27535 SAE PAPER 8914781 p 157 A90-27446 Moderate exercise and hemodilution during sleep I Study of advanced system for air revitalization deprivation p 114 A90-24432 Design of the Environmental Control and Life Support ISAE PAPER 8915751 p 164 A90 27536 Motion sickness susceptibility and aerobic fitness - A Systems for the Columbus pressurized modules Study of air revitalization system for Space Station longitudinal study p 116 A90-26009 ISAE PAPER 891531 I p 160 A9027495 I SAE PAPER 891 576 I p 164 A9027537 NETHERLANDS FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY INDEX

Applicability of membrane distillation method to space Waste management aboard manned spacecraft experimental waste water treatment I SAE PAPER 8915501 p 162 A9027513 I SAE PAPER 891 578 I p 164 A9047538 Causes of aircrew error in the Royal Air Force Breeding of hydrogen producing anaerobic bacteria p 140 N90-17276 Cellulase secretion from transformed Escherichia coli The trials and tribulations of RAF defence mechanism JM109 testing p 143 N90-I7291 I DE90-7107391 p 113 N90-I8133 Passenger behaviour in aircraft emergencies involving smoke and fire p 146 N90 17613 Smokehoods donned quickly The impact of donning N smokehoods on evacuation times p 167 N90-17614 The investigation of particulate matter in the lungs of NETHERLANDS smoke inhalation death victims p 124 N90-17617 Readability improvements of emergency checklists The importance of pathophysiological parameters in fire p 151 A90-26214 modelling of aircraft accidents p 125 N90-17618 Prediction of success in flight training by single- and Modelling time to incapacitation and death from toxic dual-task performance p 143 N90-I7293 and physical hazards in aircraft fires Standardized tests for research with environmental P 125 N90-17619 stressors The AGARD STRES battery p 144 N90-17295 NEW ZEALAND Integration of a low cost part task trainer (Advanced Training Device - ATD) into a flight crew development program p 130 A90-26204 Pilot competency - An analysis of abilities requisite to professional flight crew development p 134 A90-26262 NORWAY Vascular response of retinal arteries and veins to acute hypoxia of 8000, 10,000, 12.500. and 15,000 feet of simulated altitude p 114 A90-24428 Accidents in fighter aircraft caused by human factors Why do they occur p 140 N90-17278 Stress and Performance during a simulated flight in a F-I6 simulator p 142 N90-I7285 Activation Positive and negative effects of the alarm system in the brain p 143 N90-17290 S SPAIN Peripheral nervous velocity of conduction in fighter pilots p 142 N90-17287 SWEDEN Effect of spectral flash on readaptation time p 114 A9024430 Psychological reactions of pilots involved in accidents in the Swedish Air Force p 140 N90-I7279 U

U.S.S.R. Regulation of hemopoiesis in an organism exposed to extreme factors p 107 A90-24220 Blood flow and oxygen saturation in the brain of intact and anesthetized rabbits under antiorthostatic influence p 108 A90-24746 Cerebrovascular effects of motion sickness p 108 A9024747 Protective effect of various types and regimens of adaptation to hypoxia on the development of stress-induced lesions in KM-line rats p 108 A90-24748 Effect of unilateral carotid-artery occlusion on the cerebral blood flow in rats exposed to hypoxia p 108 A9024749 Functioning of the cerebral circulation system in rabbits under hyperthermia p 108 A90-24750 Possibilities of using flight simulators for continuous medical supervision of aircraft personnel p 115 A9024759 Methods of creating biological life support systems for man in space p 148 A90-24005 Neurophysiological mechanisms of oculomotor behavior in mammals p 110 A90 26378 Emotional stress. postural regulation of blood circulation. and some discrepancies in the concepts of arterial hypertrophy pathogenesis p 110 A9026379 EEG-reactions in humans to light flashes of various frequency p 119 A90-26380 UNITED KINGDOM Man-machine interface problems in designing air traffic control systems p 148 A90-25564 Effects of whole-body vibration waveform and display collimation on the performance of a complex manual control task p 117 A90-26011 Are two sources of cockpit information better than one? p 152 A90-26221 A comparison of cockpit communication 8737 - 8757 p 131 A9026233 The work, sleep, and well-being of British charter pilots p 132 A90 26244 Cabin crew and super long haul flight Preliminary findings p 132 A9026247 Life support - Future trends and developments I SAE PAPER 891 549 I p 162 A90-27512

D-2 CONTRACT NUMBER INDEX

AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY /A Continuing Bibliography (Supplement 337) June 1990

Typical Contract Number Index Listing NAG2-434 ...... p112 A9027626 NAG9-167 ...... p115 A90724434 NAG9-192 ...... p159 A90727477 NAG9-215 ...... p113 A90-27628 NAG9-251 ...... p159 A90727476 NAS10-10285 ...... p 20 N90-10571 NAG9-253 ...... p158 A90-27452 p159 A90-27476 NASA ORDER L-22395-A ...... p109 A90-25329 l- NASW-4300 ...... p156 A90-27423 NASW-4324 ...... p113 N90-17251 NAS7-918 ...... p111 A9027455 NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NAS8-37642 ...... p155 A90-27413 NAS8-37914 ...... p111 A90-27459 NAS9-17425 ...... p115 A9024437 NAS9-I 7523 ...... p155 A90-27416 NAS9-17543 ...... p164 A90-27543 Listings in this index are arranged alphanumeri- NAS9-17590 ...... p159 A90-27473 cally by contract number. Under each contract NAS9-17611 ...... p155 A90-27417 number. the accession numbers denoting docu- NAS9-17702 ...... p157 A90-27440 NAS9-17836 ...... p165 A9027554 ments that have been produced as a result of re- NAS9-17900 ...... p157 A90-27445 search done under the contract are arranged in NAS9-17981 ...... p165 A9027545 ascending order with the AlAA accession numbers NAS9-I 7983 ...... p159 A90-27474 appearing first The accession number denotes the p 159 A90-27475 . NAS9-18040 ...... p159 A90-27472 number by which the citation is identified in the NCA2-IR-390-502 ...... p110 A90-26010 abstract section. Preceding the accession number NCA2-OR-665-202 ...... p112 A90-27627 is the page number on which the citation may be NCA2-288 ...... p152 A9026224 NCC2-101 ...... p168 N90-18147 found . NCC2-286 ...... p127 A9024431 p 135 A9026273 p 135 A9026274 AF PROJ. 2313 ...... p 120 N90-17253 NCC2-356 ...... b166 N90-17308 p 144 N90-17297 NCC2-379 ...... p127 A90-25025 p 145 N90-17303 p 137 A90-26294 p 145 N90-17304 NCC2-491 ...... p112 A90-27622 p 126 N90-18141 NIH-CA-23247 ...... p109 A9025329 p 126 N90-I8143 NIH-HL-27367 ...... p113 A90-27628 AF PROJ. 6302 ...... p 122 N90-17263 NIH-HL-29714 ...... p112 A90-27626 AF PROJ . 7184 ...... p 167 N90-17312 NIH-HL-33782-02 ...... p108 A90-24399 AF-AFOSR-0016-89 ...... p 126 N90-18141 NIH-HL-36635 ...... p113 A90-27628 AF-AFOSR-0021-89 ...... p 120 N90-17253 NIH-NS-16333 ...... p110 A90-26010 N00014-85-K-0124 ...... p144 N90-17299 AF-AFOSR-0075-89 ...... p 145 N90-17303 p144 N90-17300 AF-AFOSR-0172-87 ...... p 144 N90-17297 N00014-86-K-0119 ...... p142 N90-17288 AF-AFOSR-0242-88 ...... p 145 N90-17304 N00014-86-K-0569 ...... p144 N90-17298 AF-AFOSR-0275-88 ...... p 126 N90-18143 N00014-87-K-0167 ...... p145 N90-17302 C87-101376-2 ...... p 141 N90-17284 N00014-87-K-0435 ...... p129 A90-26190 DA PROJ. 1L1-61102-E-74-A ...... p 166 N90-I7309 p149 A90-26191 DA PROJ 1L6-1102-B7-4A p 125 N90-I8135 ...... N00014-88-K-0164 ...... p145 N90-17305 DA PROJ. 3E1-62777-A8-79 ...... p 121 N90-17254 PHS-AA-06093 ...... p149 A90-26199 DA PROJ. 3E1-62787-A8-78 ...... p 123 N90-17269 PHS-AA-6093 ...... p132 A90-26245 DA PROJ. 3M1-61102-BS-11 ...... p 126 N90-18139 RA04206 ...... p144 N90-17298 DA PROJ. 3M1-6287-A-879 ...... p 122 N90-17264 SG-88-0151-02 ...... p144 N90-17296 DAAA15-86-K-0013 ...... p 166 N90-17309 199-61-12 ...... p168 N90-18147 DAAA15-88-C-0005 ...... p 151 A90-26217 482-52-21 ...... p166 N90-17308 DAAL03-87-K-0014 ...... p 135 A90-26279 p 122 N90-17260 DACA76-85-C-0010 ...... p 145 N90-17305 DAMD17-85-12.5072 ...... p 126 N90-18139 DE-AC03-76SF-00098 ...... p I09 A90-25329 DE-AC05-840R-21400 ...... p 167 N90-17315 DSS-W7711-7-7004-01-SE ...... p 152 A90-26219 DTRS57-85-C-00101 ...... p 131 A9026229 DTRS57-86-C-00101 ...... p 139 A90-26308 F33615-85-C-0532 ...... p 122 N90-17263 F33615-85-C-0541 ...... p 167 N90-17312 F33615-85-C-3610 ...... p 127 A90-25996 F33615-85-C-4503 ...... p 114 A90.24427 p 120 A90-27457 F33615-850-0514 ...... p 153 A90-26242 F33615-87-C-0012 ...... p 132 A90-26241 p 125 NW-18138 F33615-89-C-0603 ...... p 120 A90-27457 HL-22544 ...... p 113 N90-18134 HL-35051 ...... p 113 N90-18134 NAG10-0024 ...... p 112 A90-27532 NAG2-12 ...... p 153 A90-26236 NAG2-239 ...... p 107 A90-24395 NAG2-308 ...... p 150 A90-26207 p 136 A90-26286 NAG2-391 ...... p 107 A90-24396 NAG2-392 ...... p 108 A90-24399 p 110 A9026321

E-1 REPORT NUMBER INDEX

AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY /A Continuing Bibliography (Supplement 337) June 1990

Typical Report Number Index Listing AFHRL-TP-89-63 ...... p 125 N90-I8138 # NEDU-10-89 ...... p 168 N90-18149 #

AFIT/GCA/LSQ/89S-7 ...... p 146 N90-18146 # NHRC-89-5 ...... PI26 N90-18142 # NMRI-88-94 ...... p 113 N90-18134 # AFIT/GCS/ENC/89D-3 ...... p 168 N90-18150 # NMRI-89-34 ...... p 122 N90-17261 # NMRI-89-58 ...... p 122 N90-I7263 # AFlT/GE/ENG/BSD-ZO ...... p 146 N90-I7306 # NMRI-89-59 ...... p 126 N90-18140 # ...... AFIT/GE/ENG/89D-8 ...... p 124 N90-I7274 # NMRI-89-93 ...... p 127 N90-I8144 # NASA-TM-102151 rp 20 N90-10571 i" AFIT/GSO/EMS/89D-I5 ...... p 123 N90-I7271 # NSMRL-SP89-4 ...... p 123 N90-17270 # ONR-TR-89-1 ...... p 145 N90-17302 # NUMBER SPONSORED AFIT/GSO/ENG/89D-I ...... p 124 N90-17273 # ORNL/TM-I1308 ...... p 167 N90-17315 # AFOSR-89-1322TR ...... p 144 N90-17297 # AFOSR.89-1349TR ...... p 120 N90-I7253 # PE90-103367 ...... p 166 N90-I7307 # AFOSR-89-1489TR ...... p 145 N90-17303 # Listings in this index are arranged alphanumeri- AFOSR.89-1511TR ...... p 145 N90-17304 # SAE PAPER 891431 ...... p 154 A90-27402 * cally by report number.The page number indicates AFOSR.89-1785TR ...... p 126 N90-18141 # SPE PAPER 891432 ...... p 119 A90-27403 ' the page on which the citation is located. The ac- AFOSR-89-1826TR ...... p 126 N90-18143 # SAE PAPER 891434 ...... p 119 A9027405 cession number denotes the number by which the SPE PAPER 891435 ...... p 139 A90-27406 * AGARD-CP-458 ...... p 140 N90-17275 # citation is identified. An asterisk (*) indicates that SPE PAPER 891440 ...... p 154 A90-27411 SPE PAPER 891442 ...... p 155 A90-27413 * the item is a NASA report. A pound sign (#) indi- AI-M-1138 ...... p 145 N90-I7305 # SAE PAPER 891443 ...... p 155 A90-27414 * cates that the item is available on microfiche. AI-M-1141 ...... p 144 N90-17300 # SAE PAPER 891444 ...... p 155 A90-27415 AI-M-964 ...... p 144 N90-17299 # SAE PAPER 891445 ...... p 155 A90-27416 * SAE PAPER 891446 ...... p 155 A90-27417 * AAMRL-TR-89-023 ...... p 167 N90-I7312 # ARO-24828.1-LS ...... p 122 N90-17260 # SAE PAPER 891448 ...... p 155 A90-27418 AAMRL-TR-89-027 ...... p 122 N90-17263 # SAE PAPER 891449 ...... p 155 A9027419 CElP M-20 p144 N9017300 # SAE PAPER 691450 ...... p 156 A90-27420 AD-A214169 ...... p 125 N90-18135 # CElP M-40 p 145 N90 17305 # SAE PAPER 891451 ...... p 156 A9027421 AD-A214241 ...... p 144 N90-17296 # SAE PAPER 891453 . .,.,.,. . ,.,.. p 156 A9027423 * AD-A214488 ...... p 166 N90-17309 # CESAR-89/34 ...... p 167 N90-I7315 # SAE PAPER 891458 ...... p 156 A90-27427 AD-A214494 ...... p 120 N90-17253 # SA€ PAPER 891459 ...... p 156 A90-27428 AD-A214505 ...... p 144 N90-I7297 # CRIE-U.88055 ...... p 113 N90-I8133 # SAE PAPER 891460 ...... p 156 A9027429 AD-AZ14560 ...... p 144 N90-17298 # SAE PAPER 891471 ...... p 119 A90-27439 * AD-A214562 ...... p 121 N90-17254 # DE90-004464 ...... p 167 N90-I7315 # SAE PAPER 891472 ...... p 157 A90-27440 AD-AZ14591 ...... p 144 N90-I7299 # DE90-710739 ...... p 113 N90-18133 # SAE PAPER 891473 ...... p 120 A90.27441 AD-A214640 ...... p 144 N90-I7300 # SAE PAPER 891474 ...... p 110 A9027442 ADA214669 ...... p 121 N90-17255 # DREA-TM-89/220 ...... p 121 N90-I7258 # SAE PAPER 891476 ...... p 157 A90-27444 AD-A214673 ...... p 121 N90-17256 # SA€ PAPER 891477 ...... p 157 A90-27445 * AD-A214674 ...... p I21 N90-17257 # DREO-TN-89-21 ...... p 168 N90-18148 # SAE PAPER 891478 ...... p 157 A90-27446 AD-A214675 ...... p 145 N90-I7301 # SA€ PAPER 891479 ...... p 157 A9027447 AD-A214733 ...... p 121 N90-I7258 # ERIM-215400-I-F ...... p 144 N90-I7296 # SAE PAPER 891481 ...... p 157 A90-27448 * ADA214738 ...... p 121 N90-I7259 # SAE PAPER 891482 ...... p 158 A90-27449 AD-A214830 ...... p 166 N90-17310 # ETN-90-96181 ...... p 167 N90-17314 # SAE PAPER 891483 ...... p 158 A90-27450 * AD-A214872 ...... p 122 N90-I7260 # SAE PAPER 891484 ...... p 158 A90-27451 AD-A214895 ...... p 166 N90-17311 # FTD-ID(RS)T-0827-89 ...... p 122 N90-17262 # SAE PAPER 891485 ...... p 158 A9027452 * AD-A214934 ...... p 122 N90-I7261 # SAE PAPER 891487 ...... p 120 A90-27454 * AD-A214942 ...... p 145 N90-I7302 # HEL TM 11-89 p 125 N90 18135 # SAE PAPER 891488 ...... p 111 A90-27455 * AD-A214991 ...... p 122 N90-17262 # HEL TM 16-89 p 166 N90 17309 # SAE PAPER 891489 ...... p 11 1 A90-27456 AD-A215076 ...... p 122 N90-17263 # SAE PAPER 891490 ...... p 120 A90-27457 AD-A215084 ...... p 145 N90-17303 # HSD-SR-89-019 p 121 N90-17259 # SAE PAPER 891491 ...... p 11 1 A90-27458 * AD-A215130 ...... p 122 N90-17264 # SAE PAPER 891492 ...... p 111 A90-27459 * AD-A215211 ...... p 123 N90-17265 # ILR-MITT 223(1989) p167 N9017314 # SAE PAPER 891500 ...... p 158 A90-27467 ' AD-A215273 ...... p 145 N90.17304 # SAE PAPER 891502 ...... p 158 A90-27469 * AD-A215274 ...... p 145 N90-17305 # ISBN-92-835-0517-4 ...... p 140 N90-17275 # SAE PAPER 891503 ...... p 158 A90-27470 AD-AZ15285 ...... p 123 N90-17266 # SAE PAPER 891504 ...... p 159 A90-27471 AD-A215286 ...... p 123 N90-17267 # NAMRL-MONOGRAPH-37 ...... p 121 N90-17256 # SAE PAPER 891505 ...... p 159 A90-27472 * AD-A215287 ...... p 123 N90-17268 # SAE PAPER 891506 ...... p 159 A9027473 AD-A215340 ...... p 123 N90-17269 # NAMRL-TM-89-1 ...... p 121 N90-17257 # SAE PAPER 891507 ...... p 159 A9027474 * AD-A215405 ...... p 167 N90-17312 # SAE PAPER 891508 ...... p 159 A9027475 ' AD-AZ15465 ...... p 123 N90-17270 # NAMRL-I345 ...... p 145 N90-17301 # SAE PAPER 891509 ...... p 159 A90-27476 * AD-A215527 ...... p 167 N90-17313 # SAE PAPER 891510 ...... p 159 A9027477 * AD-A215534 ...... p 123 N90-I7271 # NAS 1.15:4180 ...... p 113 N90-17251 * # SAE PAPER 891512 ...... p 111 A9027478 AD-A215646 ...... p 124 N90-17272 # NAS 1.15:4169 ...... p 169 N90-17316 * # SAE PAPER 891513 ...... p 160 A90-27479 AD-A215663 ...... p 124 N90-17273 # NAS 1.21:7011(331) ...... p 125 N90-18137 ' SAE PAPER 891514 ...... p 160 A90-27480 ' AD-A215667 ...... p 124 N90-I7274 # NAS 1.21:7011(333) ...... p 125 N90-18136 SAE PAPER 891516 ...... p 160 A90-27481 AD-A215740 ...... p 146 N90-17306 # NAS 1.26:177546 ...... p 168 N90-18147 * # SAE PAPER 891517 ...... p 111 A90-27482 ' NAS 1.26:4246 ...... p 166 N90-17308 * # AD-AZ15809 ...... p 125 N90-I8138 # SAE PAPER 891530 ...... p 160 A90-27494 * p 168 N90-18148 SAE PAPER 891531 ...... p 160 A90-27495 AD-A215936 ...... # NASA-CASE-MSC-20929-1 ...... p 113 N90-17252 * AD-A215944 ...... p 168 N90-I8149 # SAE PAPER 891533 ...... p 160 A90-27497 SAE PAPER 891534 ...... p 160 A90-27498 ADA215986 ...... p 113 N90-18134 # NASA-CR-177546 ...... p 168 N90-18147 ' # SAE PAPER 891535 ...... p 161 A9027499 AD-A216092 ...... p 126 N90-18139 # NASA-CR-4246 ...... p 166 N90-17308 * # SAE PAPER 891537 ...... p 161 A90-27501 AD-AZ16156 ...... p 126 N90-18140 # SAE PAPER 891538 ...... p 161 A90-27502 * AD-AZ16178 ...... p 168 N90-I8150 # NASA-SP-7011(331) ...... p 125 N90-18137 * SAE PAPER 891539 ...... p 161 A9027503 ' NASA-SP-7011(333) ...... p 125 N90-18136 * AD-A216349 ...... p 146 N90-18146 # SAE PAPER 891540 ...... p 161 A90-27504 ' AD-AZ16416 p 126 N90-I8141 SAE PAPER 891541 ...... p 161 A90-27505 * ...... # NASA-TM-4160 ...... p 113 N90-I7251 * # AD-A216679 ...... p 126 N90-18142 # NASA-TM-4169 ...... p 169 N90-17316 * # SA€ PAPER 891543 ...... p 161 A90-27507 * AD-A216689 ...... p 126 N90-18143 # SAE PAPER 891544 ...... p 162 A90-27508 AD-A216817 ...... p 127 N90-I8144 # NBDL-89R003 ...... p 123 N90-17268 # SAE PAPER 891546 ...... p 120 A90-27509

F-1 SAE PAPER 891547 REPORT NUMBER INDEX

SAE PAPER 891547 ...... p 162 A90-27510 SA€ PAPER 891548 ...... p 162 A90-27511 SAE PAPER 891549 ...... p 162 A90-27512 SAE PAPER 891550 ...... p 162 A90-27513 SA€ PAPER 891551 ...... p 162 A90-27514 SAE PAPER 891552 ...... p 162 A90-27515 * SAE PAPER 891554 ...... p 163 A90-27516 * SAE PAPER 891555 ...... p 163 A90-27517 ' SAE PAPER 891556 ...... p 163 A9027518 SAE PAPER 891569 ...... p 163 A90-27530 ' SAE PAPER 891570 ...... p 163 A9027531 SAE PAPER 891571 ...... p 112 A9027532 * SAE PAPER 891572 ...... p 112 A90-27533 * SAE PAPER 891573 ...... p 163 A90-27534 SAE PAPER 891574 ...... p 163 A90-27535 SA€ PAPER 891575 ...... p 164 A90-27536 SA€ PAPER 891576 ...... p 164 A9027537 SAE PAPER 891578 ...... p 164 A9047538 SAE PAPER 891579 ...... p 164 A9027539 * SAE PAPER 891580 ...... p 164 A9047540 SA€ PAPER 891581 ...... p 164 A90-27541 SAE PAPER 891583 ...... p 164 A9027543 * SA€ PAPER 891585 ...... p 165 A9027544 * SA€ PAPER 891586 ...... p 165 A9027545 * SAE PAPER 891587 ...... p 165 A90-27546 * SAE PAPER 891589 ...... p 165 A9047548 SAE PAPER 891591 ...... p 165 A90-27550 * SAE PAPER 891592 ...... p 165 A90-27551 * SA€ PAPER 891595 ...... p 165 A9027554 * SA€ PAPER 891596 ...... p 120 A9027555 SA€ PAPER 891599 ...... p 166 A9027557

US-PATENT-APPL-SN-087358 ..... p 113 N90-17252 *

US-PATENT-CLASS-210.355 ...... p 113 N90-17252 * US-PATENT-CLASS-210.414 ...... p 113 N90-17252 * US-PATENT-CLASS-435.31 1 ...... p 113 N90-17252 * US-PATENT-CLASS.435-316 ...... p 113 N90-17252 *

US-PATENT-4,839,046 ...... p 113 N90-17252 *

USAARL-89-18 ...... p 121 N90-17255 # USAARL-89-20 ...... p 121 N90-17254 # USAARL-89-24 ...... p 166 N90-17311 #

USAFSAM-SR-89-5 ...... p 166 N90-17310 #

USARIEM-T20-89 ...... p 124 N90-17272 #

F-2 ACCESSION NUMBER INDEX

June 1990 AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY /A Continuing Bibliography (Supplement 337)

p 163 Typical Accession Number A90-26223 * # p 152 A90-26322 p 119 A90-27516 * p 163 Index Listing A90-26224 * # p 152 A90-26378 p 110 A90-27517 * A90-26379 p 110 A90-26226 # p 153 A90-27518 p 163 A90-26380 p 119 A9027530 ' p 163 A90-26227 # p 131 A9026566 p 110 A90-26228 # p 131 A90-27531 p 163 A9026567 p 139 A90-27532 * p 112 N9O-iO; pf A90-26229 # p 131 A90-26762 p 168 , i , A90-27533 * p 112 , A90-26230 # p 131 A90-26766 p 169 A90-27534 p 163 A90-26232 # p 131 A90-26767 p 169 A90-26233 # p 131 A9027535 p 163 A90-26768 p 169 A90-27536 p 164 A90-26234 '# p 131 A90-26769 p 169 A90-26236 * # p 153 A9047537 p 164 Aif,h\TpNASA SPONSOREDNASA MICROFICHEON NUMBERPAGE A90-26850 p 154 A90-27538 p 161

~pd-p-pqI I I 11 /I I A90-26237 # p 131 SPONSORED MICROFICHE NUMBER A90-27402 p 154 Aif,h\Tp A90-27539 + p 164 A90-26238 # p 132 A90-27403 * p 1I9 A9027540 p 164 ---- A90-26239 # p 132 A90-27405 p 119 A90-27541 p 164 A90-26240 # p 132 A90-27406 * p 139 A90-26241 * # p 132 A90-27543 * p 164 A90-27411 p 154 A90-27544 p 16!i Listings in this index are arranged alphanumeri- A90-26242 # p 153 A90-27413 * p 155 A90-27545 * p 165 cally by accession number. The page number listed A90-26243 # p 118 A90-27414 * p 155 A9026244 # p 132 A9027546 * p 165 to the right indicates the page on which the citation A9027415 p 155 A90-27548 p 165 A90-26245 # p 132 A90-27416 * p 155 A9027550 * p 165 is located. An asterisk (") indicates that the item A9026246 # p 132 A9027417 ' p 155 A90-27551 p 165 A9026247 # p 132 A9027418 p 155 is a NASA report. A pound sign (#) indicates that A90-27554 * p 165 A9026248 # p 118 A90-27419 p 155 the item is available on microfiche. A90-26249 # p 133 A90-27555 p 120 A90-27420 p 156 A90-27557 p 16E A90-26250 # p 133 A90-2'421 p 156 A9026251 # p 133 A90-27611 * p 112 A90-27423 * p 156 A90-27622 ' p 112 A9026252 # p 133 A90-27427 p 156 A9026253 # p 133 A9027626 * p 112 A90-26012 p 117 A90-27428 p 156 A9023898 # p 146 A90-26255 # p 153 A90-27627 * p 112 A90-26013 p 117 A90-27429 p 156 A90-23911 '# p 147 A90-26256 # p 133 A90-27628 * p 113 A90-26014 p 117 A90-27439 * p 119 A9023912 # P 147 A90-26259 # p 133 A90-27635 * p 139 A9026015 p 117 A9027440 * p 157 p 140 A90-23913 '# p 147 A9026260 * # p 153 A90-27636 * A90-26016 p 117 A90-27441 p 120 A90-26261 # p 133 A90-23914 # p 147 A90-26017 p 118 A90-27442 p 110 A9026262 # p 134 N90-I7251 '# p 113 A90-23915 '# p 147 A90-26019 p 118 A9027444 p 157 A9026263 # p 134 N90-17252 * p 113 A9024022 * # P 147 A90-26020 p 148 A90-27445 * p 157 A9026264 # p 134 N90-I7253 # p 120 A90-24220 P 107 A90-26122 # p 127 A9027446 p 157 A9026265 # p 134 N90-I7254 # p 121 A9024395 * p 107 A90-26123 # p 128 A9027447 p 157 A90-26266 # p 134 N90-17255 # p 121 A90-24396 * p 107 A90-26124 # p 118 A9027448 * p 157 A90-26267 # p 134 N90-17256 # p 121 A90-24397 P 107 A90-26125 # p 118 A90-27449 p 158 A90-26268 # p 134 N90-17257 # p 121 A90-24398 p 107 A90-26126 # p 118 A9027450 * p 158 A90-26269 # p 134 N90-17258 # p 121 A90-24399 * P 108 A90-26127 # p 148 A9027451 p 158 A90-26270 # p 134 N90-17259 # p 121 A9024426 P 114 A90-26176 p 128 A90-27452 * p 158 A90-26271 '# p 135 N90-17260 # p 122 A90-24427 p 114 A90-26178 * # p 128 A9027454 * p 120 A90-26272 * # p 135 N90-17261 # p 122 A9024428 P 114 A90-26179 * # p 128 A90-27455 * p 111 p 122 A9026273 * # p 135 N90-17262 # A9024429 p 114 A90-26180 # p 128 A9027456 p 111 A9026274 ' # p 135 N90-I7263 # p 122 A90-24430 p 114 A90-26181 # p 128 A9027457 p 120 A90-26275 # p 135 N90-17264 # p 122 A9024431 * p 127 A90-26182 # p 128 A90-27458 * p 111 p 123 A9026276 * # p 153 N90-I7265 # A9024432 p 114 A90-26183 # p 148 A90-27459 * p 11 1 A90-26277 # p 135 N90-17266 # p 123 A90-24433 p I15 A90-26184 # p 129 A90-27467 * p 158 A90-26278 # p 153 N90-17267 # p 123 A9024434 * p 115 A90-26187 # p 129 A9027469 p 158 p 123 p 135 N90-17268 # A9024435 p 115 p 149 A9026279 # A90-27470 p 158 A90-26188 # A9026280 # p 136 N90-17269 # p 123 A90-24436 P 115 A90-26190 # p 129 A90-27471 p 159 A90-26281 # p 136 N90-17270 # p 123 A90-24437 * p 115 A90-26191 # p 149 A9027472 * p 159 A90-26282 # p 136 N90-I7271 # p 123 A9024746 P 108 A90-26192 # p 129 A90-27473 * p 159 A90-26283 # p 154 N90-17272 # p 124 A9024747 P 108 A90-26193 # p 129 A9027474 * p 159 A90-26284 # p 136 N90-17273 # p 124 A9024748 P 108 A90-26194 # p 129 A9027475 * p 159 A90-26285 # p 136 N90-I7274 # p 124 A9044749 P 108 A90-26195 # p 130 A9027476 * p 159 A90-26286 * # p 136 N90-17275 # p 140 A90-24750 P 108 A9026196 # p 130 A9027477 * p 159 A90-26287 # p 137 N90-17276 # p 140 A90-24759 p 115 A90-26197 # p 130 A90-27478 p 111 A90-26288 # p 137 N90-17277 # p 140 A90-24769 P 116 A90-26198 # p 130 A9027479 p 160 A90-26289 # p 137 N90-17278 # p 140 A90-24801 # p 147 A9026199 # p 149 A9027480 * p 160 A90-26290 * # p 137 N90-17279 # p 140 A9024802 * # p 148 A9026200 # p 130 A90-27481 p 160 A90-26291 # p 137 N90-17280 # p 141 A90-24803 * # p 148 A90-26201 # p 149 A9027482 * p 11 1 A9026292 # p 137 N90-17281 # p 141 A90-24804 # p 148 A90-26202 * # p 149 A90-27494 * p 160 A9026293 # p 119 N90-17282 ' # p 141 A90-24805 # p 148 A9026204 # p 130 A9027495 p 160 A90-26294 * # p 137 N90-17283 # p 141 A90-24817 '# p 116 A90-26205 # p 149 A9027497 p 160 A90-26295 # p 138 N90-17284 # p 141 A90-24818 # PI16 A90-26206 # p 150 A90-27498 p 160 A9026296 # p 154 N90-17285 # p 142 A90-24819 # p 116 A90-26207 * # p 150 A90-27499 p 161 n 149 A90-26297 # p 154 N90-17286 # A90-24820 ' # p 116 A9026208 # p 150 A90-27501 p 161 A9026298 # p 138 N90-I7287 # A90-25025 * p 127 A90-26209 # p 150 A9027502 * p 161 A90-26299 # p 138 N90-17288 # A90-25177 P 168 A90-26210 ' # p 130 A9047503 * p 161 A9046300 # p 138 N90-17289 # A90-25329 * P 109 A90-26211 # p 150 A9027504 * p 161 A9026302 # p 138 N90-17290 # A9025330 P 109 A90-26212 * # p 150 A90-27505 * p 161 A9026303 # p 154 N90-17291 # A90-25331 p 109 A90-26213 # p 151 A9027507 * p 161 A9026304 # p 138 N90-17292 # A90-25332 P 109 A90-26214 # p 151 A9027508 p 162 A9026305 # p 138 N90-17293 # A9025333 P 109 A90-26215 # p 151 A90-27509 p 120 A90-26306 * # p 138 N90-17294 # A90-25334 P 109 A9026216 # p 151 A90-275'0 p 162 N90-17295 # A9025472 P 127 A9026307 # p 139 A90-27511 p 162 A90-26217 # p 151 p 139 N90-I7296 # A90-25564 P 148 A90-26308 # A90-27512 p 162 A9026218 p 151 A90-26309 # p 139 N90-17297 # A90-25996 # p 127 A9027513 p 162 Am-26219 # p 152 A90-26319 * p 110 N90-17298 # A90-26009 P 116 A90-27514 p 162 N90-17299 # A90-26010 * P 110 A90-26220 # p 152 A90-26320 p 119 A90-27515 * p 162 N90-17300 # A90-26011 P 117 A90-26221 p 152 A90-26321 * p 110 ACCESSION NUMBER INDEX N90-17301

N90-17301 # p 145 N90-17302 # p 145 N90-17303 # p 145 N90-17304 # p 145 N90-17305 I: p145 N90-17306 # p 146 N90-17307 # p 166 N90-17308 '# p 166 N90-17309 # p 166 N90-17310 # p 166 N90-17311 # p 166 N90-17312 # p 167 N90-17313 # p 167 N90-17314 # p 167 N90-17315 # p167 N90-17316 '# p 169 N90-17612 # p124 N90-17613 # p 146 N90-17614 # p 167 N90-17615 # p 146 N90-17616 # p 167 N90-17617 # p124 N90-17618 # p 125 N90-17619 # p125 N90-18133 # p 113 N90-I8134 # p113 N90-18135 # p 125 N90-18136 ' p 125 N90-18137 p 125 N90-18138 # p 125 N90-18139 # p 126 N90-18140 # p 126 N90-18141 # p 126 N90-18142 # p 126 N90-18143 # p 126 N90-18144 # p 127 N90-18145 p 146 N90-18146 # p 146 N90-18147 * # p 168 N90-18148 # p 168 N90-18149 # p 168 N90-18150 # p 168

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15. Supplementary Notes

~ Abstract This bibliography lists 400 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in May 1990.

17. Key Words (Suggested by Authors(s)) 18. Distribution Statement Aerospace Medicine Unclassified - Unlimited Bibliographies Biological Effects

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'For sale by the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 NASA-Langley, 1990