Persistent Organic Pollutants (Pops) in the Antarctic Environment
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Osl Dating of High-Elevation Alluvial Sediments: Mcmurdo Dry
OSL DATING OF HIGH-ELEVATION ALLUVIAL SEDIMENTS: MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS, ANTARCTICA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Meridith Ann Ramsey In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Program: Environmental and Conservation Science November 2014 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title OSL DATING OF HIGH-ELEVATION ALLUVIAL SEDIMENTS: MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS, ANTARCTICA By Meridith Ann Ramsey The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Kenneth Lepper Chair Adam Lewis Lisa Montplaisir Approved: 04/16/2015 Eakalak Khan Date Department Chair ABSTRACT High-elevation alluvial fans in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are a record of short-term, occasional melting events along the margins of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Sediment samples were dated from five fans using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. OSL dates the time since quartz grains were last exposed to sunlight; all sample preparation takes place in a dark room. Thirteen samples were dated for this thesis, the ages were stratigraphically consistent and ranged from 1.1 ka to 105.9 ka. Clusters of fan activity occurred between 1.1 and 3.1 ka and 8.1 and 11.1 ka. The melting events appear to be linked to insolation, with periods of fan activity occurring usually at times of increased mean annual insolation. The alluvial fans show promise as a possible archive for climate proxies in this region of Antarctica. -
Developmental Study of Soot-Oxidation Catalysts for Fireplaces: the Effect of Binder and Preparation Techniques on Catalyst Texture and Activity
catalysts Article Developmental Study of Soot-Oxidation Catalysts for Fireplaces: The Effect of Binder and Preparation Techniques on Catalyst Texture and Activity Pauliina Nevalainen, Niko Kinnunen * and Mika Suvanto University of Eastern Finland, Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland; Pauliina.Nevalainen@uef.fi (P.N.); mika.suvanto@uef.fi (M.S.) * Correspondence: niko.kinnunen@uef.fi Received: 8 October 2019; Accepted: 13 November 2019; Published: 15 November 2019 Abstract: An awareness of increasing climate and health problems has driven the development of new functional and affordable soot-oxidation catalysts for stationary sources, such as fireplaces. In this study, Al(OH)3, water glass and acidic aluminium phosphate binder materials were mixed with soot-oxidation catalysts. The effect of the binder on the performance of the Ag/La-Al2O3 catalyst was examined, while the Pt/La-Al2O3 catalyst bound with Al(OH)3 was used as a reference. Soot was oxidised above 340 ◦C on the Ag/La-Al2O3 catalyst, but at 310 ◦C with same catalyst bound with Al(OH)3. The addition of water glass decreased the catalytic performance because large silver crystals and agglomeration resulted in a blockage of the support material’s pores. Pt/La-Al2O3 bound with Al(OH)3 was ineffective in a fireplace environment. We believe that AgOx is the active form of silver in the catalyst. Hence, Ag/La-Al2O3 was shown to be compatible with the Al(OH)3 binder as an effective catalyst for fireplace soot oxidation. Keywords: binder; silver; Al(OH)3; fireplace; soot emission 1. -
An Assessment of Marine Ecosystem Damage from the Penglai 19-3 Oil Spill Accident
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article An Assessment of Marine Ecosystem Damage from the Penglai 19-3 Oil Spill Accident Haiwen Han 1, Shengmao Huang 1, Shuang Liu 2,3,*, Jingjing Sha 2,3 and Xianqing Lv 1,* 1 Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; [email protected] (H.H.); [email protected] (S.H.) 2 North China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Qingdao 266033, China; [email protected] 3 Department of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment & Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266100, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (X.L.) Abstract: Oil spills have immediate adverse effects on marine ecological functions. Accurate as- sessment of the damage caused by the oil spill is of great significance for the protection of marine ecosystems. In this study the observation data of Chaetoceros and shellfish before and after the Penglai 19-3 oil spill in the Bohai Sea were analyzed by the least-squares fitting method and radial basis function (RBF) interpolation. Besides, an oil transport model is provided which considers both the hydrodynamic mechanism and monitoring data to accurately simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the Bohai Sea. It was found that the abundance of Chaetoceros and shellfish exposed to the oil spill decreased rapidly. The biomass loss of Chaetoceros and shellfish are 7.25 × 1014 ∼ 7.28 × 1014 ind and 2.30 × 1012 ∼ 2.51 × 1012 ind in the area with TPH over 50 mg/m3 during the observation period, respectively. -
Microbial Dispersal Limitation to Isolated Soil Habitats in the Mcmurdo Dry Valleys
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/493411; this version posted December 13, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Microbial dispersal limitation to isolated soil habitats in the McMurdo Dry Valleys 2 of Antarctica 3 4 Stephen D.J. Archer1,2, Kevin C. Lee2, Tancredi Caruso3, Teruya Maki4, Charles K. Lee5, 5 Don A. Cowan6, Fernando T. Maestre7, Stephen B. Pointing1,8 6 7 1 Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138527 8 2 Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 9 1142, New Zealand 10 3 School of Biological Sciences and Global Institute for Food Security, Queen's University 11 Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK 12 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan 13 5 International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton 14 3240, New Zealand 15 6 Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South 16 Africa 17 7 Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de 18 Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 19 Móstoles, Spain 20 8 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/493411; this version posted December 13, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. -
Are Black Carbon and Soot the Same? Title Page
Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 24821–24846, 2012 Atmospheric www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/12/24821/2012/ Chemistry ACPD doi:10.5194/acpd-12-24821-2012 and Physics © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Discussions 12, 24821–24846, 2012 This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Atmospheric Chemistry Are black carbon and Physics (ACP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ACP if available. and soot the same? P. R. Buseck et al. Are black carbon and soot the same? Title Page P. R. Buseck1,2, K. Adachi1,2,3, A. Gelencser´ 4, E.´ Tompa4, and M. Posfai´ 4 Abstract Introduction 1School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA Conclusions References 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA Tables Figures 3Atmospheric Environment and Applied Meteorology Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 4Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Veszprem,´ J I Hungary J I Received: 1 September 2012 – Accepted: 3 September 2012 – Published: 21 September 2012 Back Close Correspondence to: P. R. Buseck ([email protected]) Full Screen / Esc Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 24821 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract ACPD The climate change and environmental literature, including that on aerosols, is replete with mention of black carbon (BC), but neither reliable samples nor standards exist. 12, 24821–24846, 2012 Thus, there is uncertainty about its exact nature. -
Unit 2. Lesson 5. Noise Pollution
ACOUSTICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Unit 2. Lesson 5. Noise Pollution Objectives: Upon completion of this unit, students will understand that noise pollution is more than loud noises. They will also learn what causes hearing damage and that animals, as well as humans, are subject to hearing loss. Vocabulary words: litter, pollution, loudness-related hearing loss, blast trauma What is Noise Pollution? Litter on the side of the road, is thought to be a sound so junk floating in the water, and intense that it could shatter smokes spewing into the glass, or crack plaster in rooms atmosphere from factory or on buildings. That is not so. smokestacks are obvious forms It can come from sources such of pollution. There are other as jet airplanes, constant types of pollution that are not droning of traffic, motorcycles, as obvious. Noise pollution is high-power equipment, or loud one form. What is noise music. pollution? It is defined as sounds, or noises, that are loud, annoying and harmful to the ear. Often, sound pollution How is Noise Pollution Harmful? Sound energy is transferred When sound reaches the through compressions and human ear, it causes structures rarefactions. to vibrate. Intense vibrations (Reference can rupture the eardrum, but lesson 1, if more often, loudness-related necessary.) hearing loss usually develops If the over time. When sound enters intensity is the ear, it is transferred to the very large, it can harm human brain as a nerve impulse. Each and animal ears, and do nerve is composed of tiny nerve damage to physical structures. fibers, surrounded by special fluid within the ear. -
Microclimate and Weathering Processes in the Area of Darwin
relationship between the folds reported by Burgess (in Findlay, R. H. 1978. Provisional report on the geology of the region press) and those described here cannot be determined from between the Renegar and Blue Glaciers, Antarctica. New Zealand present evidence. Antarctic Record, 1, 39-44. Skinner (1964, 1965) named the rocks at Mt. Madison the Grindley, G. W., McGregor, V. R., and Walcott, R. I. 1964. Outline Selborne Marble and distinguished them from the Shack- of the geology of the Nimrod-Beardmore-Axel Heiberg Glaciers region, Ross dependency. In Adie (Ed.), leton Limestone due to their higher metamorphic grade. He R. J. Antarctic geology. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing. suggested that they may be Precambrian in age, correlative with the Nimrod Group in the Miller Range (Grindley, Skinner, D. N. B. 1964, A summary of the geology of the region McGregor, and Walcott 1964). If this is the case, deforma- between Byrd and Starshot glaciers, south Victoria Land, In Adie (Ed.), Antarctic geology. Amsterdam: North-Holland tion at Mt. Madison is probably not related to the Shackle- R. J. Publishing. ton Limestone south of Byrd Glacier. Skinner, D. N. B. 1965. Petrographic criteria of the rock units To me, lithologies at Mt. Madison appear similar to those between the Byrd and Starshot Glaciers, south Victoria Land, of the Shackleton Limestone and pelitic Dick Formation Antarctica. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 8, (Skinner 1965), and I would suggest that the Selborne Mar- 292-303. ble is a metamorphosed equivalent of those two formations. Skinner, D. N. B. In press. Stratigraphy and structure of lower The metamorphic grade suggests an adjacent granitic pluton grade metasediments of Skelton Group, McMurdo Sound—Does north of Mt. -
Antarctic Primer
Antarctic Primer By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller Designed by: Olivia Young, Aurora Expeditions October 2018 Cover image © I.Tortosa Morgan Suite 12, Level 2 35 Buckingham Street Surry Hills, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia To anyone who goes to the Antarctic, there is a tremendous appeal, an unparalleled combination of grandeur, beauty, vastness, loneliness, and malevolence —all of which sound terribly melodramatic — but which truly convey the actual feeling of Antarctica. Where else in the world are all of these descriptions really true? —Captain T.L.M. Sunter, ‘The Antarctic Century Newsletter ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 3 CONTENTS I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Guidance for Visitors to the Antarctic Antarctica’s Historic Heritage South Georgia Biosecurity II. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Continent Climate Atmospheric Phenomena The Ozone Hole Climate Change Sea Ice The Antarctic Ice Cap Icebergs A Short Glossary of Ice Terms III. THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Life in Antarctica Adapting to the Cold The Kingdom of Krill IV. THE WILDLIFE Antarctic Squids Antarctic Fishes Antarctic Birds Antarctic Seals Antarctic Whales 4 AURORA EXPEDITIONS | Pioneering expedition travel to the heart of nature. CONTENTS V. EXPLORERS AND SCIENTISTS The Exploration of Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty VI. PLACES YOU MAY VISIT South Shetland Islands Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea South Orkney Islands South Georgia The Falkland Islands South Sandwich Islands The Historic Ross Sea Sector Commonwealth Bay VII. FURTHER READING VIII. WILDLIFE CHECKLISTS ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 5 Adélie penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Antarctica is the largest wilderness area on earth, a place that must be preserved in its present, virtually pristine state. -
Persistent Organic Pollutants in Marine Plankton from Puget Sound
Control of Toxic Chemicals in Puget Sound Phase 3: Persistent Organic Pollutants in Marine Plankton from Puget Sound 1 2 Persistent Organic Pollutants in Marine Plankton from Puget Sound By James E. West, Jennifer Lanksbury and Sandra M. O’Neill March, 2011 Washington Department of Ecology Publication number 11-10-002 3 Author and Contact Information James E. West Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 1111 Washington St SE Olympia, WA 98501-1051 Jennifer Lanksbury Current address: Aquatic Resources Division Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR) 950 Farman Avenue North MS: NE-92 Enumclaw, WA 98022-9282 Sandra M. O'Neill Northwest Fisheries Science Center Environmental Conservation Division 2725 Montlake Blvd. East Seattle, WA 98112 Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through a Puget Sound Estuary Program grant to the Washington Department of Ecology (EPA Grant CE- 96074401). Any use of product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the authors or the Department of Fish and Wildlife. 4 Table of Contents Table of Contents................................................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................................... -
Southern Fulmar
SOUTHERN FULMAR Fulmarus glacialoides Document made by the French Southern and Antarctic Lands © TAAF Lands © Southern and Antarctic the French made by Document l l assessm iona asse a g ss b e e m lo n r • Size : 45-50 cm t F G e A n t A SOUTHERN FULMAR T • Wingspan : 114-120 cm Fulmarus glacialoides • Weight : 0.7-1kg Order : Procellariiformes — Family : Procellariidae as the ... It is also known GEOGRAPHIC RANGE : The species can be seen in the Southern Ocean but breeds on the coasts of Antarctica and outlying glaciated islands. HABITAT : Southern Fulmars nest on steep rocky slopes and cliff sides, mainly on the coast and on the Antarctic continent. They are highly nomadic outside the breeding season, generally moving north to open waters south of 30°S. © S. BLANC DIET : They eat krill, fish and squid depending on available prey. They also consume carrion and discards from Fulmar Antarctic fishing vessels. BEHAVIOR : REPRODUCTION : Most food is taken by surface-seizing whilst in The breeding season begins in November and egg- flocks. They also skim the surface in low flight laying takes place during the first two weeks of with their beak open. They also sometimes dive December. They breed in colonies on steep rocky at shallow depths to catch their prey. They are slopes and precipitous cliffs on sheltered ledges rather solitary birds that can form small groups or in hollows, sometimes with other species of outside the breeding season. Paired birds tend to petrels. Nests are a gravel-lined scrape in which © S. -
Polar Geography the Historical Development of Mcmurdo Station
This article was downloaded by: [Texas A&M University] On: 19 August 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 915031382] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Polar Geography Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t781223423 The historical development of McMurdo station, Antarctica, an environmental perspective Andrew G. Kleina; Mahlon C. Kennicutt IIb; Gary A. Wolffb; Steve T. Sweetb; Tiffany Bloxoma; Dianna A. Gielstraa; Marietta Cleckleyc a Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA b Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M, College Station, TX, USA c Uniondale High School, Uniondale, New York, USA To cite this Article Klein, Andrew G. , Kennicutt II, Mahlon C. , Wolff, Gary A. , Sweet, Steve T. , Bloxom, Tiffany , Gielstra, Dianna A. and Cleckley, Marietta(2008) 'The historical development of McMurdo station, Antarctica, an environmental perspective', Polar Geography, 31: 3, 119 — 144 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/10889370802579856 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10889370802579856 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. -
An Assessment for Fisheries Operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
FAO International Plan of Action-Seabirds: An assessment for fisheries operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands by Nigel Varty, Ben Sullivan and Andy Black BirdLife International Global Seabird Programme Cover photo – Fishery Patrol Vessel (FPV) Pharos SG in Cumberland Bay, South Georgia This document should be cited as: Varty, N., Sullivan, B. J. and Black, A. D. (2008). FAO International Plan of Action-Seabirds: An assessment for fisheries operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. BirdLife International Global Seabird Programme. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK. 2 Executive Summary As a result of international concern over the cause and level of seabird mortality in longline fisheries, the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) Committee of Fisheries (COFI) developed an International Plan of Action-Seabirds. The IPOA-Seabirds stipulates that countries with longline fisheries (conducted by their own or foreign vessels) or a fleet that fishes elsewhere should carry out an assessment of these fisheries to determine if a bycatch problem exists and, if so, to determine its extent and nature. If a problem is identified, countries should adopt a National Plan of Action – Seabirds for reducing the incidental catch of seabirds in their fisheries. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) are a United Kingdom Overseas Territory and the combined area covered by the Territorial Sea and Maritime Zone of South Georgia is referred to as the South Georgia Maritime Zone (SGMZ) and fisheries within the SGMZ are managed by the Government of South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (GSGSSI) within the framework of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living (CCAMLR).