Ecosystem-Based Adaptation in the Coastal Zone: Towards a New Paradigm

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Ecosystem-based Adaptation in the coastal zone: towards a new paradigm IUCN Ecosystem-based Adaptation Day Paris CoP21, December 2015 Image: NASA Prof Brendan Mackey, PhD IUCN Council, Regional Councilor for Oceania Director, Climate Change Response Program, Griffith University, Australia www.griffith.edu.au/climate-change-response-program Climate change impacts on oceans Assuming linear responses only! A pteropod shell showing dissolved ridges, abrasions and cloudiness. Credit National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Sources: IPCC; NYT; Wikipedia A struggle emerging between hard engineered adaptation vs ecosystem-based approaches or Nature-based solutions Ecosystem-based Adaptation – draws upon CBD “Ecosystem-based Approach; origins in conservation science At its 5th Conference of the Parties in 2000 the CBD adopted the ecosystem approach as the primary framework for actions to help reach a balance of the three objectives of the Convention “The ecosystem approach is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way” “It is based on the application of appropriate scientific methodologies focused on levels of biological organization which encompass the essential processes, functions and interactions among organisms and their environment” The ecosystem approach is described by 12 principles IENCE approach “Infrastructure to Enhance the Natural Capacity of the Environment” – an evolving concept whose origins reside in coastal engineering 1970’s 1990’s 2010’s Source: Stive et al. Coastal Dynamics 2013 Netherlands “sand engine” experiment Zandmotor, 2011 To protect the West of the Netherlands against the sea, the beaches along the coast are artificially replenished every five years, and it is expected that the sand engine will make replenishment along the Delfland Coast unnecessary for the next 20 years. This method is expected to be more cost effective and also helps nature by reducing the repeated disruption caused by dredging and replenishment Source: JOSELI MACEDO, PH.D., AICP & JEFFRY S. WADE, J.D.; DEPARTMENT OF URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA Zandmotor, 2012 Zandmotor, 2013 Zandmotor, 2014 Zandmotor, 2015 Gold Coast City applying IENCE approach Beach replenishment maintains wide beach zone to absorb energy of storm surges A-Line Concluding comments To date, INECE mainly focussed on physical processes. Next stage should involve ecosystem processes & biodiversity Opportunity and need for collaboration between ecologists and engineers to promote EbA/INECE integration and to identify for given context the optimum mix of hard engineered, INECE and EbA adaptation strategies Policy needs to recognize EbA/INECE as both infrastructure and adaptation strategies in order for governments, especially local governments, and communities to access funds Environmental and economic accounting should recognize the co- benefits from integrated/hybrid EbA/INECE approaches .

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Coastal Dynamics 2017 Paper No. 156 513 How Tides and Waves
Coastal Dynamics 2017 Paper No. 156 How Tides and Waves Enhance Aeolian Sediment Transport at The Sand Motor Mega-nourishment , 1,2 1 1 Bas Hoonhout1 2, Arjen Luijendijk , Rufus Velhorst , Sierd de Vries and Dano Roelvink3 Abstract Expanding knowledge concerning the close entanglement between subtidal and subaerial processes in coastal environments initiated the development of the open-source Windsurf modeling framework that enables us to simulate multi-fraction sediment transport due to subtidal and subaerial processes simultaneously. The Windsurf framework couples separate model cores for subtidal morphodynamics related to waves and currents and storms and aeolian sediment transport. The Windsurf framework bridges three gaps in our ability to model long-term coastal morphodynamics: differences in time scales, land/water boundary and differences in meshes. The Windsurf framework is applied to the Sand Motor mega-nourishment. The Sand Motor is virtually permanently exposed to tides, waves and wind and is consequently highly dynamic. In order to understand the complex morphological behavior of the Sand Motor, it is vital to take both subtidal and subaerial processes into account. The ultimate aim of this study is to identify governing processes in aeolian sediment transport estimates in coastal environments and improve the accuracy of long-term coastal morphodynamic modeling. At the Sand Motor beach armoring occurs on the dry beach. In contrast to the dry beach, no armor layer can be established in the intertidal zone due to periodic flooding. Consequently, during low tide non-armored intertidal beaches are susceptible for wind erosion and, although moist, may provide a larger aeolian sediment supply than the vast dry beach areas.
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Coastal Dynamics 2017 Paper No. 157 INTEGRATED MODELLING OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE SAND ENGINE MEGA-NOURISHMENT Arjen Luijendijk1,2, Rufus Velhorst1, Bas Hoonhout1,2, Sierd de Vries1, and Rosh Ranasinghe2,3 Abstract This study presents some recent developments in coastal morphological modeling focusing on flexible meshes, flexible coupling between models operating at different time scales, and a recently developed morphodynamic model for the intertidal and dry beach. This integrated modeling approach is applied to the Sand Engine mega nourishment in The Netherlands to illustrate the added-values of this integrated approach. A seamlessly coupled modeling system for Delft3D and AeoLiS has been developed and applied to compute the first years of evolution of the Sand Engine, both for the subaqueous and subaerial areas. The subaqueous bed level changes have been computed with the new Flexible Mesh version of Delft3D, resulting in comparable accuracy levels as to the standard Delft3D version. The integrated morphodynamic prediction of both subaqueous and subaerial reveals a qualitative behavior which is very similar to observations. Model results confirm that after the first year after construction the sand supply for aeolian transports is predominantly from the intertidal area. The AeoLiS model results indicate a significant intertidal erosion volume of about 230,000 m3 over the five year period, which is a not to be neglected volume, especially in multiyear or decadal predictions. Interestingly, the model results show that the spit, developed by the wave-related processes, is also subject to aeolian transports acting on the emerged spit during lower tides. The seamlessly coupled models are now able to combine the dry beach behaviour with subaqueous morphodynamic evolution, which is important in medium-term to decadal morphodynamic predictions but also relevant for designing such sandy solutions incorporating lakes, lagoons, and relief.
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The Influence of the Sand Engine on the Sediment Transports And
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Observations of the Sand Engine Pilot Project
Coastal Engineering 111 (2016) 23–38 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Coastal Engineering journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/coastaleng Initial spreading of a mega feeder nourishment: Observations of the Sand Engine pilot project Matthieu A. de Schipper a,b,⁎, Sierd de Vries a, Gerben Ruessink c, Roeland C. de Zeeuw b, Jantien Rutten c, Carola van Gelder-Maas d, Marcel J.F. Stive a a Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands b Shore Monitoring and Research, The Hague, The Netherlands c Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands d Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (Rijkswaterstaat), Lelystad, The Netherlands article info abstract Article history: Sand nourishments are a widely applied technique to increase beach width for recreation or coastal safety. As the Received 10 July 2015 size of these nourishments increases, new questions arise on the adaptation of the coastal system after such large Received in revised form 19 October 2015 unnatural shapes have been implemented. This paper presents the initial morphological evolution after imple- Accepted 30 October 2015 mentation of a mega-nourishment project at the Dutch coast intended to feed the surrounding beaches. In Available online xxxx total 21.5 million m3 dredged material was used for two shoreface nourishments and a large sandy peninsula. The Sand Engine peninsula, a highly concentrated nourishment of 17 million m3 of sand in the shape of a Keywords: ﬁ Alongshore feeding sandy hook and protruding 1 km from shore, was measured intensively on a monthly scale in the rst 18 months Mega nourishment after completion.
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Sand Engine Quells the Coast's Hunger for Sand
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Sand Nourishments
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1 “ SAND ENGINE “ : BACKGROUND and DESIGN of a MEGA-NOURISHMENT PILOT in the NETHERLANDS Jan P.M. Mulder1,2,3 and Pieter Ko
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