'Kks/K Psruk the International Reffered, Reviewed & Multifocal Research Journal

RNI No. UPBILL/2015/63870 ISSN : 2350-0441 Shodh Chetna 'kks/k psruk The International Reffered, Reviewed & Multifocal Research Journal

Year - 4 Jan. to Mar., 2018 Volume - 1 Patron Editorial Board Prof. Ved Prakash Upadhyaya Dr. Rajan Suntoo Ex-chairman Punjab University, Chandigarh U.G.C. Professor.... Asso. Prof. Social Studies & Humanities University of Mauritius, Reduit-80837, Mauritius Dr. Uma Kant Mishra Ex. Prof. & H.O.D. (Sanskrit-Academic) Shri Narendra Shashtri T.R.S. College, Rewa Ved Pravakta, Arya Samaj, Dr. D. N. Tripathi Singapore Associate Professor & HOD (Sanskrit) Dharma Samaj P.G. College, Aligarh Pran Kumar Kaul Dr. Lokesh Singh Shekhawat Senior Lecturer Ex. V.C. Jai Narain Vyas University College of Business Studies (GCBS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan Royal University of Bhutan, Bhutan Chief Advisor Ajay Srivastava Dr. (Mrs.) Adity Sakia Librarian, State Central Library, Rewa Associate Professor & H.O.D. Founder & Chief Editor M.D.K.G. College, Dibrugarh (Assam) Sushil Kumar Kushwaha Dr. Piyush M. Maurya Honourary Editor Asst. Prof. & H.O.D. (Chemical Science) Dr. Sanjay Shankar Mishra Shri J.J.T. University, Jhunjhunu (Raj.) Professor and Head, Department of Commerce Govt. T.R.S. College, Rewa (M.P.) Dr. C.L. Sharma Ex. Principal, S.K. Govt. P.G. College Editor Seelar. Rajasthan Dr. Surya Naryan Gautam Associate Professor (Sanskrit), J.J.T. University Dr. Umesh Kumar Mishra Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan) Guest Faculty, Managing Editor Government Science College, Harsh Kushwaha Rewa (M.P.) G.H. PUBLICATION 121, Shahrarabag, Allahabad-211 003 SHODH CHETNA – YEAR-4 (JAN. TO MAR., 2018) VOL. 1, ISSN : 2350-0441 2

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1. MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID : BIO-MEDI- CAL WASTE IN REWA, MADHYA PRADESH 7 Dr. Akhilesh Singh Baghel Dr. Vijay Kumar Tripathi 2. Knowledge Management and Human Resource Management in Academic Libraries 12 Suraj Kumar Dubey Mahendra Pratap Singh 3. Tony Morrison' beloved : Athematic and Technical Study 16 Preeti Vishwakarma Dr. Shalini Dubey 4. Margaret Atwood’s The Edible Woman : A Feministic Approach 20 Anadi Chaturvedi Dr. Shalini Dubey 5. IMPACT OF SWACHH BHARAT MISSION ON RURAL INDIA 23 Smt. Laxmi Sitani Dr. Asha Gupta 6. yeewæ Oece& Ùee$ee : heâeefnÙeeve keâer Yeejle Ùee$ee kesâ Deeueeskeâ ceW 26 DepeÙe kegâceej, [e@. DepeÙe eEmen DeeÙe& 7. ‘‘hebÛeeÙeleer jepe mebmLeeDeeW kesâ Debleie&le «eece hebÛeeÙeleeW ceW ceefnuee ØeefleefveefOeÙeeW keâer yeoueleer Yetefcekeâe’’ 31 ßeer heg

[ 5 ] SHODH CHETNA – YEAR-4 (JAN. TO MAR., 2018) VOL. 1, ISSN : 2350-0441 6

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H CHE D T O N

H A

S Year-2018 Vol. 1

MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID : BIO-MEDICAL WASTE IN REWA, MADHYA PRADESH

 Dr. Akhilesh Singh Baghel*  Dr. Vijay Kumar Tripathi**

ABSTRACT Proper waste Management is a major problem & a fundamental key to environmental sustainability. In present study, the municipal solid & Bio-Medical waste management & disposal methods in Rewa is presented. The characteristics and composition of these waste and problems related with its management are also investigated. A well-framed questionnaires was used to obtain primary data from a pick of people in the areas that shows the highest accumulation of heaps of wastes in recognized dumping sites and open spaces on the major streets with in the city. The result indicates that waste dumping sites on the major streets and several open spaces are not regularly attended and the method of waste categorization are also not properly applied and most of the waste is scattered all over the place attracting animal and insects. The result also shows that the composition of waste in Rewa is heterogeneous because it contains both Bio-degradable and non Bio-degradable materials such as plastics, polythene, hospital waste, among others. The study strongly recommend government consideration in waste management and need of proper recycling of waste to useful products. Key words : Municipal solid waste, bio-medical waste, waste management, environment Rewa. Introduction In Rewa, the problem of municipal solid & The problem of municipal solid waste and Bio-Medical waste has been a regular challenge over the years with successive efforts of bio-medical waste in the industrialized countries authorities applying different approaches in a bid has been the cause of growing concern becoming to solve the problem however, effective handling one of the main areas of concern & of the has not been embraced by the local authority as environmental policy debate. a way of leaving there waste to decay in open.

* School of Environmental Biology, A.P.S. University, Rewa (M.P.) ** School of Environmental Biology, A.P.S. University, Rewa (M.P.)

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A number of scholars have reported air pollution arising from the decay of these waste regarding waste management in our country (S. to emit poisonous gases to the environment. KUMAR-2017) reviews in his paper the Planning and Management of waste in cities like challenges and opportunities associated with Rewa is such a big task due to unchecked improving waste management in India. growth of clusters and development of The negative heath effect on the waste unplanned colonies all over the city. Lack of pickers has been highlighted by management awareness on the dangers of Unsustainable research groups (Rag MR et al Int Arh occup Waste Management practices, illiteracy and Environ Health, 2017). improper government support are the major Rewa Just like most cities in India generates factors of this problem rising high. several tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) Municipal Solid Waste is generated by which are left uncollected at the designated and sources such as individuals, industries, in the undesignated waste dumping sites each businesses, markets and hospitals. This waste day. These unattended heaps of waste leads to normally contains paper, plastics, glass, metals blocking drains and creating feeding grounds for and various other household items. Urban areas pests that spread diseases. The solid waste in like Rewa generates about 2.0 Kg. of solid most cases are blown around by winds or waste per person per day compared with an through rainwater making the environment filthy average of 0.5 Kg. per person per day in most and leading to many other forms of pollution as industrialized countries. Table No. 1 Composition of Municipal Solid Waste in Rewa

S.No. Bio-degradable Non- Bio-degradable 1 Food Scraps Polythene-bags 2. Ash Rubber Items 3. Vegetables Plastics 4. Wood Bottles 5. Leaves Can 6. Used Cardboard boxes e-waste 7. Used clothes Worn-out tyers 8. Paper Items Tile debries Source : Field Work 2017

MATERIAL AND METHODS information were gathered regarding source of data. 1. Site Description : In this study oral (a) Sampling preparation or categorization Interviews from selected candidates from of wastes : The various types of solid wastes certain locations were performed and primary are divided into different categories, and SHODH CHETNA – YEAR-4 (JAN. TO MAR., 2018) VOL. 1, ISSN : 2350-0441 9 collected in different collection centers or (b) Analytical Methods : MS Excel was containers, as to help in segregation of used to analyse the data shown in Table 2 . The degradable and non-degradable waste. The composition of MSW in Rewa is presented in correct classification for collection of different Table 1. waste items in different resource centre, is to be RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS : done by the various collection centers, and it is Analysis of categorized MSW : Present to ensure correct disposal of different waste waste management in Rewa town has severe items in the containers. such a system, eventually problems. Very high rate of urban growth in a help in separately collecting the degradable and major region for the increased solid waste non-degradable waste items. management problem.

Table No. 2 Physical Analysis and characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste in Rewa Town

Types ofArea Paper Rubber (Kg.) Plastic Metals Glass Sand & fine Compostable Others(Kg.) (Kg.) (Kg.) (Kg.) (Kg.) earth (Kg.) (Kg.) 1. Residential 68213.52 9025.12 16802.59 8777.47 10399.14 1078376.08 1339715.34 408116.00 Area 1. Commercial 10999.18 1431.27 2523.55 1355.94 1904.38 142901.00 247191.00 49982.00 Area 1. Market Area 2025.71 230.47 406.35 218.34 159.25 26621.00 43063.70 12989.00 1. Industrial 3078.00 357.50 904.50 486.00 805.54 58455.00 66480.18 26555.00 Area Total 84315.41 11024.36 20637.00 108.38 13271.00 1306353.00 16954.13 497681.00 Percentage % 2.31 0.30 0.56 0.29 0.36 35.89 46.58 13.67

Paper (Kg.) Fig. 1 Residential Area Plastic Metals 2% (Kg.) (Kg.) Rubber (Kg.) 1% 0% 0% Glass (Kg.) 0%

Others(Kg.) 14%

Sand & fine earth (Kg.) Compostable 37% (Kg.) 46% SHODH CHETNA – YEAR-4 (JAN. TO MAR., 2018) VOL. 1, ISSN : 2350-0441 10

It has been estimated that about 3636.53 However since the situation has not improved MT of municipal solid waste in generated in as expected. More work still need to be done Rewa town during Year 2017, of which 2940 and following steps are recommended for better Mt is generated from residenttial area, 458.28 results. MT from commercial area 85.71 MT from 1. Municipal corporation of Rewa do have market area and 157.08 MT from Industrial a mobile app for online complains but their area. execution is not that satisfactory. Residential areas are further studied under 2. Though the garbage is colleted from three income groups' namely (a) High-Income certain collection points but it is not done group or HIG (bb) Middle Income group or thoroughly leaving a lot of garbage scattered thus MIG, (c) Low Income Group (LIG), A high of it should be more proper. 1246.17 MT of MSW is generated by middle 3. Municipal authority should embark on income group in residential areas is followed by widespread awareness campaign on dangers of lower income group & high income group unsustainable waste management to the contributing 1003.25 MT & 687 MT environment and general public. respectively (Table. 2). 4. Most of the wards are filthy and drains are chocked leading to exposure of unwanted There are two major components of MSW diseases. So the corporation must pay proper i.e. compostable matter, which constituted attention to the cleanliness of these. 46.58% (1695.41 MT) and sand & fine earth 5. Recycling process should be properly 35.89% (1306.35 MT) of the total MSW. introduced. Remaining small amount is contributed by other 6. Govt. should invest in waste to energy solid waste like paper 2.31 MT (84.31 MT), process. followed by plastic 0.56% (20.63 MT), Glass 7. Municipal authority of Rewa should 0.36% (13.27 MT), Rubber 0.30% (11.02 promote involvement of non-government MT), Metals 0.29% (10.83MT) & others organizations to aware residents and boost 13.67% (497.68 MT). financial areas. To total generation of MSW during Year 2017 is about 3804.58 MT which is a bit higher CONCLUSION than Jan. to March 2017. toe contribution of Management and disposal of solid waste residential area in this amount is 3004 MT. in Rewa has been investigated and findings followed by commercial area (5.18 MT) and show that the Municipal Solid Waste are mostly market area (86 MT) and Industrial area (166 of the biodegradable and non-biodegradable MT) respectively. materials. The study further revealed that municipal corporation responsible for collection RECOMMENDATIONS disposal of waste is not properly performing their The municipal authority has taken strong duties and they also lack to categorize the steps for collection of household waste and difference between MSW and Biomedical created really well established approach for it waste. The major portion of waste from as a result Rewa has secured 38th place in India Residential sectors and recycling are not out of 434 cities surveyed for their cleanliness. currently practiced.