The Relative Abundance and Diversity of Parasitoids of the Browntail Moth (Euproctis Chrysorrhoea L.) and Factors That Influence Their Opulationp Dynamics
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Caterpillars – the Threat
Caterpillars – The threat •Plant health •Site conditions •Abundance of pest •Client Concerns •Regulatory Concerns Pesticides for Caterpillars Biologicals Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) Spinosad (Conserve, Fertilome etc) Insect Growth Regulators Diflubenzuron = Dimilin Fenoxycarb = Precision Tebufenozide = Confirm Pyriproxifen = Distance Neem, Azadirachtin Pyrethroids- Rescue Treatments Bifenthrin (Talstar) Cyfluthrin (Decathalon) Deltamethrin (Deltagard) Fluvalinate (Mavrik) Lamda -Cyhalothrin (Scimitar, Battle) Permethrin (Astro, Spectracide) Oldies but goodies… Carbaryl (Sevin) Acephate (Orthene) Tips For Bagworms, Fall Webworms and other large caterpillars Most pesticides kill caterpillars that are <1” long Spinosad kills largest stages, Pyrethroids are second best Pyrethroids are contact insecticides and useful for killing FWW blown out of webs. Caterpillar Pests- How much injury do they inflict? •Types- Exposed, Concealed •Abundance – Solitary, or Gregarious? •Host Range – What do they eat? •Number of Generations /Year •Abundance of Natural Enemies Concealed Defoliators Mimosa webworm Fall webworm Eastern tent caterpillar Bagworm Leaf crumpler Mimosa Webworm Damage Close-up of webbed branch Webs and Frass of Mimosa Webworm Caterpillar Mimosa Webworm Caterpillar (Late Stage) Overwintering Stage (Pupa) Mimosa Webworm Adult Fall Webworm Fall webworm caterpillar Adult Fall Webworm Adult and Egg Mass of Fall Webworm Eastern Tent Caterpillar Webs on Trees Close-up of Eastern Tent Caterpillar Egg Mass of Eastern Tent -
Western Ghats), Idukki District, Kerala, India
International Journal of Entomology Research International Journal of Entomology Research ISSN: 2455-4758 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.24 www.entomologyjournals.com Volume 3; Issue 2; March 2018; Page No. 114-120 The moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of vagamon hills (Western Ghats), Idukki district, Kerala, India Pratheesh Mathew, Sekar Anand, Kuppusamy Sivasankaran, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu* Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract The present study was conducted at Vagamon hill station to evaluate the biodiversity of moths. During the present study, a total of 675 moth specimens were collected from the study area which represented 112 species from 16 families and eight super families. Though much of the species has been reported earlier from other parts of India, 15 species were first records for the state of Kerala. The highest species richness was shown by the family Erebidae and the least by the families Lasiocampidae, Uraniidae, Notodontidae, Pyralidae, Yponomeutidae, Zygaenidae and Hepialidae with one species each. The results of this preliminary study are promising; it sheds light on the unknown biodiversity of Vagamon hills which needs to be strengthened through comprehensive future surveys. Keywords: fauna, lepidoptera, biodiversity, vagamon, Western Ghats, Kerala 1. Introduction Ghats stretches from 8° N to 22° N. Due to increasing Arthropods are considered as the most successful animal anthropogenic activities the montane grasslands and adjacent group which consists of more than two-third of all animal forests face several threats (Pramod et al. 1997) [20]. With a species on earth. Class Insecta comprise about 90% of tropical wide array of bioclimatic and topographic conditions, the forest biomass (Fatimah & Catherine 2002) [10]. -
In Vitro Rearing of the Tachinid Parasitoid Exorista Larvarum with Exclusion of the Host Insect for More Than One Generation
Bulletin of Insectology 61 (2): 333-336, 2008 ISSN 1721-8861 In vitro rearing of the tachinid parasitoid Exorista larvarum with exclusion of the host insect for more than one generation Elisa MARCHETTI, Piero BARONIO, Maria Luisa DINDO Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroambientali - Entomologia, Università di Bologna, Italy Abstract We tested the possibility to eliminate the host insect from the line of production of Exorista larvarum (L.), a larval parasitoid of Lepidoptera, for more than one generation. Galleria mellonella (L.) larvae or a plastic sheet were provided as oviposition sub- strates either to parental or 1st generation females. The eggs/female laid in 45 min were dramatically fewer on the plastic sheet compared to host larvae and decreased from the parental to the 1st generation. Both the 1st and 2nd generation eggs (respectively laid by parental and 1st generation females) were removed from the oviposition substrates (host larvae or plastic sheet) and placed on a skimmed milk-based artificial medium. The percentages of hatched eggs were not significantly affected by the oviposition substrate, but the generation effect was significant and fewer eggs hatched in the 2nd than in the 1st generation. The percentages of puparia and adults were not significantly influenced either by the oviposition substrate or generation. All the 2nd generation adults obtained from eggs laid on the plastic sheet died 1-2 days after emergence, before the females oviposited, whereas the 2nd genera- tion adults obtained from eggs removed from the host integument survived. After mating, the females laid eggs on G. mellonella larvae. The results confirmed that, for one generation, the out-of-host eggs are competitive with those removed from G. -
Hawk Moths of North America Is Richly Illustrated with Larval Images and Contains an Abundance of Life History Information
08 caterpillars EUSA/pp244-273 3/9/05 6:37 PM Page 244 244 TULIP-TREE MOTH CECROPIA MOTH 245 Callosamia angulifera Hyalophora cecropia RECOGNITION Frosted green with shiny yellow, orange, and blue knobs over top and sides of body. RECOGNITION Much like preceding but paler or Dorsal knobs on T2, T3, and A1 somewhat globular and waxier in color with pale stripe running below set with black spinules. Paired knobs on A2–A7 more spiracles on A1–A10 and black dots on abdomen cylindrical, yellow; knob over A8 unpaired and rounded. lacking contrasting pale rings. Yellow abdominal Larva to 10cm. Caterpillars of larch-feeding Columbia tubercle over A8 short, less than twice as high as broad. Silkmoth (Hyalophora columbia) have yellow-white to Larva to 6cm. Sweetbay Silkmoth (Callosamia securifera) yellow-pink instead of bright yellow knobs over dorsum similar in appearance but a specialist on sweet bay. Its of abdomen and knobs along sides tend to be more white than blue (as in Cecropia) and are yellow abdominal tubercle over A8 is nearly three times as set in black bases (see page 246). long as wide and the red knobs over thorax are cylindrical (see page 246). OCCURRENCE Urban and suburban yards and lots, orchards, fencerows, woodlands, OCCURRENCE Woodlands and forests from Michigan, southern Ontario, and and forests from Canada south to Florida and central Texas. One generation with mature Massachusetts to northern Florida and Mississippi. One principal generation northward; caterpillars from late June through August over most of range. two broods in South with mature caterpillars from early June onward. -
Impact of an Invasive Insect and Plant Defense on a Native Forest Defoliator
insects Communication Impact of an Invasive Insect and Plant Defense on a Native Forest Defoliator Claire M. Wilson 1, Justin F. Vendettuoli 1, David A. Orwig 2 and Evan L. Preisser 1,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; [email protected] (C.M.W.); [email protected] (J.F.V.) 2 Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA 01366, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-401-874-2120 Academic Editor: Mary L. Cornelius Received: 4 August 2016; Accepted: 7 September 2016; Published: 13 September 2016 Abstract: Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carriére) in the United States is threatened by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand). The native hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria Guenée) also appears to have played a role in previous population declines of this conifer. Although these two insects co-occur in much of the adelgid’s invaded range, their interactions remain unstudied. We assessed looper performance and preference on both uninfested and adelgid-infested foliage from adelgid-susceptible hemlocks, as well as on uninfested foliage from an eastern hemlock that is naturally adelgid-resistant. Larvae reared on uninfested foliage from adelgid-susceptible hemlocks experienced 60% mortality within the first two weeks of the experiment, and pupated at a lower weight than larvae fed adelgid-infested foliage. Despite differences in foliage source, this first look and strong pattern suggests that the hemlock looper performs better (pupates earlier, weighs more) on adelgid-infested foliage. In addition, trends suggested that larvae reared on foliage from the adelgid-resistant tree survived better, pupated earlier, and weighed more than in the other treatments. -
Revista De Şi Silvicultură Cinegetică Anul XXIII | Nr
Revista de şi Silvicultură Cinegetică Anul XXIII | Nr. 43 | 2018 PROTECȚIA PĂDURILOR GENETICĂ FORESTIERĂ FOREST PROTECTION FOREST GENETICS SILVICULTURĂ MICOLOGIE SILVOTECHNICS MYCOLOGY BIOMETRIE SPAȚII VERZI BIOMETRY GREEN AREAS (foto Gabriel Lazăr) ECOLOGIE AMENAJAREA PĂDURILOR ECOLOGY FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING FAUNĂ PRODUSE ACCESORII WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS BOTANICĂ BOTANY Făget din Munții Bucegi Societatea Progresul Silvic www.progresulsilvic.ro PAG. CUPRINS AUTOR ADRESE 1.Kastamonu University, Faculty of Forestry Biological control of forest pests by using predator and (Entomology & Protection Dept.), TURKEY, parasitoid insects in Turkey [email protected] 5 Combaterea biologică a dăunătorilor forestieri cu ajutorul insectelor 2.Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Arts prădătoare și parazite and Science, TURKEY, [email protected] 1.Sabri Ünal *corresponding author 2.Mustafa Yaman* 1.Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dept. of Biology / Karadeniz Tech. Univ., Faculty of Science, TURKEY, muyaman@ Isolation of pathogenic bacteria of the predator beetle hotmail.com Calosoma sycophanta 2.Karadeniz Technical Univ., Faculty of Science, 9 TURKEY Izolarea de bacterii patogene ale gândacului prădător Calosoma 1.Mustafa Yaman 3.Karadeniz Tech. Univ., Fac of Science, TURKEY sycophanta 2.Ömür Ayar 4.Ordu University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dept of 3.Beyza Gonca Güner Molecular Biology, TURKEY 4.Ömer Ertürk 5.Karadeniz Tech. Univ., Faculty of Forestry, Trabzon 5.Mahmut -
Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Forest Tent Caterpillar and Fall Webworm
Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Forest Tent Caterpillar and Fall Webworm EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR Eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum, feeds on cherry, apple, and plum. Full-grown caterpillars are about 1.6 inches long. Coloration varies, but in general they have black heads, and bodies marked with a mid-dorsal white stripe down the length of the back. Blue dots separate successive pairs of yellow lateral stripes. The adult moths are light brown with two diagonal white stripes across the forewings. The caterpillars' silken tents are usually found in tree forks. The larvae lay trails of silk from the communal tent to wherever they are feeding. Long trails of larvae can be seen migrating along the silken path between the tent and leaves. Eggs are laid in masses on twigs. Egg masses can be pruned from twigs during the dormant season and destroyed. Caterpillars can be handpicked from the communal tents. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) should be used on flowering trees to control young caterpillars. Bt is not harmful to pollinating bees. FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria, feeds on water tupelo, sweetgum, blackgum, birch, elm, maple, oak and flowering fruit trees. Full-grown caterpillars are about 1.6 inches long with light blue heads and blackish bodies with white hairs. Each segment is marked dorsally with a white keyhole-shaped spot. The adult moths are buff colored, with two darker bands on the forewings. Caterpillars are present in early spring, and upon maturity construct cocoons from folded leaves. The adults emerge in late summer and lay eggs in brown masses that encircle twigs. -
Acceptance and Suitability of the Box Tree Moth Cydalima Perspectalis As Host for the Tachinid Parasitoid Exorista Larvarum
Bulletin of Insectology 72 (1): 150-160, 2019 ISSN 1721-8861 eISSN 2283-0332 Acceptance and suitability of the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis as host for the tachinid parasitoid Exorista larvarum Antonio MARTINI, Cinzia DI VITANTONIO, Maria Luisa DINDO Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari (DISTAL), Università di Bologna, Italy Abstract A laboratory bioassay and anatomical and histological studies were conducted to evaluate the acceptance and suitability of an ex- otic insect, the box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera Crambidae), as host for the native parasitoid Exorista larvarum (L.) (Diptera Tachinidae). The factitious host Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) was maintained as con- trol. In the bioassay, C. perspectalis and G. mellonella mature larvae were separately exposed for 3 hours to E. larvarum mated females. Box tree moth larvae were accepted by E. larvarum females, but a lower number of eggs were laid on them than on G. mellonella. Most eggs hatched, as also shown in the anatomical and histological studies, but no puparia formed in any accepted C. perspectalis larva. Two out of six first instar E. larvarum larvae penetrated the body of a box tree moth larva and were encap- sulated. The encapsulation response turned into the formation of the respiratory funnel by two parasitoid larvae, similarly to what happens in G. mellonella. The results obtained in this study showed that the exotic species was unsuitable as host for E. larvarum. The mortality following the parasitoid larval activity (independently of successful parasitization) was, however, not significantly different between C. perspectalis and G. mellonella. The overall results suggest that the mortality of C. -
Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for Lambdina Fiscellaria
Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for Lambdina fiscellaria July 2018 Larva of the eastern hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria . Image courtesy Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Bugwood.org PRA for Lambdina fiscellaria © M G Tuffen Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for Lambdina fiscellaria 4th November 2018 Author: M G Tuffen Address: Teagasc, Ashtown Research Centre, Dublin 15, D15 KN3K, Ireland [email protected] This document was produced as part of the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) funded Forestry Management Research (FORM) project as a collaboration between Teagasc and DAFM. Please treat this document and its associated appendices as confidential and as a working document that may be subject to change in response to new information. Teagasc Contact Dr Helen Grogan Address: Teagasc, Ashtown Research Centre, Dublin 15, D15 KN3K, Ireland [email protected] DAFM Contact Dr Sheila Nolan Address: DAFM Laboratories, Backweston, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland [email protected] 2 PRA for Lambdina fiscellaria © M G Tuffen Executive Summary The hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria, is a North American forest pest of coniferous and broadleaved trees. The pest has a complicated taxonomy. It is widely reported as having three subspecies on the basis of differences in feeding preferences of the larval stages, but there are no morphological differences and some authors argue the pest should be treated as a single species. All three subspecies are considered in this PRA, which examines the risk of this pest to the island of Ireland (the PRA area), consisting of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria, also known as the eastern hemlock looper, is distributed in eastern North America and larvae show a preference for Abies balsamea (balsam fir) but will also feed on Picea glauca (white spruce), Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock) and a number of broadleaved trees. -
A Computer Model of the Gypsy Moth and Its Fungal Pathogen 5
Abstract A one-host generation computer model, with a time-step of 1 day, has been developed to simulate the interaction between the very effective fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga, and its host, the gypsy moth. This publication describes the structure of the validated model, the kinds of model inputs needed and the outputs produced, and gives examples of model results. The model can be used to construct scenarios of future gypsy moth-fungus interactions and to evaluate the effectiveness of the fungus as a biological control agent. A Computer Model of the Gyl--, Moth and its Fungal Pathogen By Ronald M. Weseloh The gypsy moth fungal pathogen, Entomophaga rroper weather conditions are very impoftant for the maimaiga, was first found to be established in North fungus to be effective. Moist soil during the gypsy moth America in 1989 (Andreadis and Weseloh 1990), and larval season and adequate rainfall at the times of conidial positively identified as a species from Japan (Hajek et al. sporulation must occur for the fungus to infect larvae. The 1990). Since 1989, the fungus has significantly suppressed number of resting spores in the soil (resting spore load) and the gypsy moth in the generally infested areas of North the number of gypsy moths available for infection probably America. Numerous scenarios have been proposed for how it also influence hngus activity. Using these inputs, colleagues became established (Hajek et at. 1995), but we probably will and I have developed a computer model that simulates the never know for sure. infection, growth, and death of the host and pathogen over a Fortunately, E. -
White Satin Moth
Utah Plant Pest UTAH PESTS Diagnostic Laboratory USU Extension Spring 2018 / QUARTERLY Vol. XII NEWSLETTER IN THIS ISSUE Is Biochar Worth it for Utah’s Vegetable Producers? Is Biochar worth it for Utah’s Vegetable Producers? p. 01 USU Extension Biochar Study p. 03 The Mystery of the Notched Leaves p. 04 New Codling Moth Biofix- Setting Model p. 06 Invasive Pest Spotlight: White Biochar is made by burning biomass at very high temperatures with low oxygen. The final Satin Moth p. 08 product is high in carbon and is used as a soil amendment. Spider Mites Like it Hot with Biochar has been shown to have long- What are the Potential Neonics term benefits for the environment, in terms Advantages in Agriculture? p. 09 of sequestering carbon in the soil. But for 5 Vegetable Insect Pests of intensive agricultural production, the short Most biochars have low nitrogen Utah and When to Watch answer to this question is that biochar is concentrations and thus any inherent for Them not quite ready for wide-scale adoption. fertilizer value is minimal and temporary. p. 11 Some factors that need to be considered in The recommendation is that biochar is Worker Protection Standard applying biochar to the soil are initial soil applied to the soil just once, acting as a Training Requirements health, the source and production method conditioner, and that nutrient amendments for Growers of the char, and the variable or unknown should also be applied yearly (if needed). p. 12 application rates. In some cases, crop yield Some research studies have found the may be marginally increased, but this benefit following benefits of a one-time biochar IPM in the News p. -
1 Appendix 3. Gulf Islands Taxonomy Report
Appendix 3. Gulf Islands Taxonomy Report Class Order Family Genus Species Arachnida Araneae Agelenidae Agelenopsis Agelenopsis utahana Eratigena Eratigena agrestis Amaurobiidae Callobius Callobius pictus Callobius severus Antrodiaetidae Antrodiaetus Antrodiaetus pacificus Anyphaenidae Anyphaena Anyphaena aperta Anyphaena pacifica Araneidae Araneus Araneus diadematus Clubionidae Clubiona Clubiona lutescens Clubiona pacifica Clubiona pallidula Cybaeidae Cybaeus Cybaeus reticulatus Cybaeus signifer Cybaeus tetricus Dictynidae Emblyna Emblyna peragrata Gnaphosidae Sergiolus Sergiolus columbianus Zelotes Zelotes fratris Linyphiidae Agyneta Agyneta darrelli Agyneta fillmorana Agyneta protrudens Bathyphantes Bathyphantes brevipes Bathyphantes keeni 1 Centromerita Centromerita bicolor Ceratinops Ceratinops latus Entelecara Entelecara acuminata Erigone Erigone aletris Erigone arctica Erigone cristatopalpus Frederickus Frederickus coylei Grammonota Grammonota kincaidi Linyphantes Linyphantes nehalem Linyphantes nigrescens Linyphantes pacificus Linyphantes pualla Linyphantes victoria Mermessus Mermessus trilobatus Microlinyphia Microlinyphia dana Neriene Neriene digna Neriene litigiosa Oedothorax Oedothorax alascensis Pityohyphantes Pityohyphantes alticeps Pocadicnemis Pocadicnemis pumila Poeciloneta Poeciloneta fructuosa Saaristoa Saaristoa sammamish Scotinotylus Scotinotylus sp. 5GAB Semljicola Semljicola sp. 1GAB Sisicottus Spirembolus Spirembolus abnormis Spirembolus mundus Tachygyna Tachygyna ursina Tachygyna vancouverana Tapinocyba Tapinocyba