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A 177 n.70, 187, 188, 194, 196, 202, Abject, 192, 211, 218 204, 206, 244 n.14, 246 n.66, 258 Abstract comics, 6, 96 n.116, 167, Alienation, for alienation effect. See 222, 232 Brecht, V-effect Abstract underscore/understructure, Ally Sloper (character), 83 6, 14, 222, 223, 229, 231 Ally Sloper (comics magazine), 154 Adult revolution (comics), 1 Alternative comics Advertising, 62, 113, 114, 117, 124, new wave of, 154, 156, 187, 188, 138, 150, 161, 175 n.22, 180 194, 240 n.139, 191, 192, 224 , 28–30, 151–152, 198, Aesthetics 248 n.106 of comics, 2, 6, 10, 14, 54, 67, 88, Anderson, Jim, 24 211, 222, 223, 230, 231, 259 Angry Brigade, 32, 135 countercultural, 8, 9, 10, 14, 35, Animation, 10, 14, 78, 82, 83, 105, 38, 64, 67, 71, 88–90, 105, 124, 141, 142, 146–148, 150, 147, 169 162, 194, 219, 223, 230, 258 Moore’s, 8–11, 23, 48, 140, 146, ‘Anon E. Mouse’, 136, 139–141, 149, 152, 159, 167, 191 144–146, 151, 162, 164, 165, punk, 9, 192, 211, 220, 243 167, 169, 189, 255 of underground press, 9, 104–105, ANON, the Alternative Newspaper 112, 114, 119, 122, 125 of Northampton, 136–139, 144, Affect, 6, 7, 10, 67, 89, 116, 119, 151, 152, 159, 174, 201 148, 222, 223, 230, 259 Another Suburban Romance (play), Air Pirates, 142, 195 77–80, 203, 204 Album cover art/record sleeve design, ‘Another Suburban Romance’ (song), 63, 68, 97 n.135, 109, 113, 78, 204

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 283 M. Gray, Alan Moore, Out from the Underground, Palgrave Studies in Comics and Graphic Novels, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-66508-5 284 Index

Anti-art, 9, 148, 233, 234 B Anti-comics campaign, 27, 106 Backstreet Bugle, 159–161, 163, 170, Anti-Nazi League, 174, 199 172–174, 183, 189, 192, 201 Arcade, The Comics Revue, 153 Bad Manners, 200 Art and everyday life, 9, 35, 38, 48, Bagge, Peter, 57, 194 52, 90, 198 Ballad of Halo Jones, The, 72, 174, 242 Artifciality, 11, 12, 53, 80, 167, 189, Ballard, J.G., 71 193, 205, 210, 211, 213, 233 Barker, Edward, 91 n.13, 111, 130, Artists Against Rampant Government 132, 175 n.20, 186, 250 n.133 Homophobia (AARGH!), 59, 174, , 167, 243 n.10 175 n.14, 182 n.186, 246 n.53 Bauhaus (band), 201, 203–206, 212 Art Nouveau, 59, 66 Bauhaus (school of art, design and Arts Council of Great Britain (ACGB), architecture), 222, 247 n.76 40, 44, 71, 74, 98 n.171 Beano, The, 33, 132, 133, 139, 162 Arts Lab movement, 9, 34, Beardsley, Aubrey, 59, 70, 104, 183, 40–41, 46–48, 90, 258. See 185, 202, 203 also Birmingham Arts Lab; Beatles, the, 33, 52, 117, 186, 243 n.10 Northampton Arts Lab Beat movement, The, 50–52, 56, 105, and the Arts Council, 40, 74 219 Arts Lab Drury Lane, 35–41, 177 Bell, Steve, 44, 186 n.70 Benjamin, Walter, 12, 116, 119, 120, Arts Lab Newsletter, 41, 46, 73 210, 258 conferences, 41, 74 socialisation of the cultural appara- New London Arts Lab, 39, 41 tus, 45, 82, 90, 119, 169 Ar:Zak, 44–45, 134, 154–155, 159, Benyon, Tony, 186 186, 188, 244 n.13 Berger, Viv, 25, 27, 50, 117, 162 Asquith, Roz, 82 , 138, 224 Auteur, 2–4, 15 n.4, 16 n.13, 16 n.14, Binary Information Transfer (BIT), 40 174 n.1, 217, 259 Birmingham Arts Lab, 41–44, 46, Authenticity, 8, 14, 29, 142, 193, 196, 64, 74–75, 82, 99 n.190, 134, 208, 217–218, 232–234 154–155, 175 n.20, 195. See also Authoritarianism, 9, 29, 88, 233–234, Ar:Zak 237 Arts Lab Press, 42, 45, 134, 178 Authorship, 1, 3, 8, 15 n.4, 16 n.14, n.91, 195, 244 n.13 17 n.20, 37, 53, 85, 90, 122, 123, Bissette, Steve, 59, 182 n.186 146, 149, 162, 193, 232, 260 Black Panthers, 152 Autonomy, 29, 71, 87, 123, 125, 143, Blake, William, 51, 104 173, 234, 259. See also Freedom Bodé, Vaughan, 128, 130, 132 ‘The Avenging Hunchback’, 188–189, Bolland, Brian, 128, 155, 177 n.71 191, 200 Bowie, David, 187, 205, 212 Avery, Tex, 141, 194 Bradbury, Ray, 96 n.125, 107 Index 285

Brainstorm Comix, 134, 154, 156, Cartooning, Alan Moore’s process, 2, 178 n.85, 187 4, 7, 14, 87, 145, 169, 255–256 Brecht, Bertolt, 11–13, 78, 81, 90, Censorship, 9, 24, 26, 33, 49–50, 119, 147, 173, 202, 203, 205, 125, 141, 155, 171, 241–242 210, 216, 230, 233, 236, 247 Chicken fat, 164–165, 189, 213–214, n.86, 247 n.89, 258–260 221, 227, 238, 240 epic theatre, 11, 45, 55, 81, 205, Children’s 210, 216, 221, 230, 233 media, 59, 105, 116, 140, 146, separation of elements, 13, 233, 259 156, 180 n.139 Umfunktionierung (functional trans- rights, 24 formation), 45, 81, 193, 258 Children and Young Persons (Harmful V-effect, 12, 53, 80, 169, 173 Publications) Act, 1955, 27, 124 Verfremdung (alienation), 12, 81, Clarke, Phil, 107, 129 147, 205, 233, 237, 259 Clash, the, 201, 211, 246 n.66 British Poetry Revival, the, 51–53, 55, Class, 9, 10, 22, 29, 52, 91 n.5, 124, 57, 127 142, 148, 150, 152, 178 n.94, , 182 n.186, 242 198–200, 219 Brown, Joe, 242, 258 Clerc, Serge, 188 Bubbles, Barney, 117 Closure, 85, 86, 121, 130 Burns, Mal, 127–128, 134–135, 154, Cobbing, Bob, 51, 54 156, 188 Cockney Rejects, the, 200 Burroughs, William, 35, 51, 57, 67, Collaboration, 4, 9, 37, 40, 47, 90 71, 130 Collage, 26, 53, 55, 116, 117, 120, Bushell, Gary, 196, 199, 200, 246 n.63 121, 127, 130, 195, 197, 221. See Bush, Glyn (Grant Series), 78, 99 also Photography, Photomontage n.190, 204 Collectivism, 35, 38, 123 Colour, 5, 64, 66, 113, 116, 117, 192, 222–223, 227, 229 C Comics and animation, 14, 141, Cabaret, 80, 83, 203–204, 206, 208, 147–148 209. See also Musical theatre; as activism, 34, 136, 152, 159, 172, Vaudeville 173, 256, 258 Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament cultural status of, 1, 10, 143, 260 (CND), 36, 200 and graphic design, 10, 14, 146, Campbell, Eddie, 242 176 n.31 Canon, literary, 1, 8, 15 n.4 and illustration, 6–7, 10, 14, 216, Capitalism, 4, 9, 11, 29–30, 32–33, 258 88, 113, 136, 173, 234, 236, 242 and music, 10, 14, 185, 187–188, Captions, 25, 26, 71–73, 120, 165, 202–203, 208–210, 222–231, 215–216, 224, 231, 241 248, 258 Caricature, 133, 141, 150, 194, and performance/theatre, 10, 14, 219–220 78, 82–85, 169, 258 Carnivalesque, 81, 143, 149 and poetry, 10, 14, 54–55, 59 286 Index

Comics Code, the, 107, 124, 149, 221 chauvinism of, 32 Comics fandom and comics, 25, 28, 70, 105–111, conventions, 44, 70, 107, 129, 173, 115, 129 175 n.10, 195 commercialization of (hip capital- fanzines, 51, 70, 72, 107, 129, 188 ism), 32–33, 136, 171, 193 shops, 107, 109, 129, 188 defnition of, 29, 148 Comics industry, The, 122–124, 208, dissipation of, 9, 13, 30 238, 243 factionalism, 32, 33, 35, 151, 153 Comics studies/scholarship historiography of, 28, 34, 103, 126, and conduit model of communica- 135 tion, 4, 6 repression of, 30, 150, 198. See also and contexts of cultural production, Politics, of the counterculture; 8–9 Aesthetics, countercultural formalism, 2, 4–5, 103, 259–260 Counterpoint, 231–232, 237, 241 iconophobia, 6 COzmic Comics, 111, 132–134, 141, idealism, 4, 104 156, 178 n.85, 187 literary turn, 2, 14 Cream, 111, 186 structuralism, 5, 8 Crumb, Robert, 22, 25, 27, 103, Commodity/commodifcation, 33, 78, 109, 117, 118, 128, 132, 133, 89, 113, 121, 208, 233–235 146–150, 153, 161, 163–165, Composition, 5–6, 60, 62, 66, 67, 72, 202, 220 75, 84, 88, 89, 114, 116, 119, and race, 150 121, 131, 140, 145, 165, 167, Cultural studies, 1–2, 9–10 173, 197, 214, 216, 222, 224, Birmingham Centre for 225, 229. See also Page/panel Contemporary Cultural Studies layout (CCCS), 199, 233, 236 Consumerism, 26, 29, 33, 113, 119 Cyclops, 107, 109, 111, 129–131, 144, Contingency, 12, 21, 53, 84–86, 89, 156, 166 147, 210, 236, 259 Contradiction, 12, 221, 233, 236, 259 Coon, Caroline, 186, 197 D Co-optation, 32, 171, 191, 212, 233, Dada, 55, 117, 194 235. See also Recuperation , 60, 194 Copyright, 1, 111, 125, 142, 162, Dark Star, 188–192 171, 178 n.85 Dark They Were and Golden Eyed, Corben, Richard, 220 107–109, 129–131, 153, 188 Costello, Elvis, 117, 183, 208, 212, DC Comics, 188, 255 249 n.123 DC Thomson, 75, 82, 124, 135, 186, Counterculture 200 anti-institutions of, 9, 37–39, 45, Dean, Mal, 127, 129, 130, 177 n.70, 55, 75, 88, 90, 103, 107, 139, 202, 243 n.9 173, 260 Deconstruction, 163, 240–241, 255 Index 287

Decorative, the, 7, 14, 67, 87, 112, E 121, 164, 167, 216 (EVO), 109, 111, De-Go-Tees, the, 204, 212 129 Deitch, Kim, 107, 109, 141 EC Comics, 73, 106, 163–164, 189, Demystifcation (of creativity), 48, 81, 194, 238, 241 90, 122, 144, 146, 169, 260. See Edgar, David, 82, 155 also Anti-art Eisenstein, Sergei, 147 Dennis, Felix, 24, 133, 156 Eisner, Will, 73, 82, 140, 220, 224, Destabilisation, 11, 53, 57, 64, 81, 88, 251 n.151 90, 147, 209, 213, 215 Elder, Will, 140, 164 Détornement, 26, 33, 92 n.16, 106, Electricomics, 19 n.50 117–118, 119, 127, 130, 143, Embryo, 22, 48–51, 55, 57–63, 162, 194, 195, 199, 200. See also 68–70, 75, 77, 78, 83, 96 n.125, Situationist International 97 n.138, 98 n.156, 129, 131, Development, urban, 135, 136, 138, 140, 167, 185, 204, 256 178 n.94 Emerson, Hunt, 42–46, 82, 134, 135, Dialectics of Liberation Congress, 38 140, 154, 161, 186, 203 Dick Tracy, 186, 213 Emperors of Ice Cream, the, 203 Diggers (San Francisco), The, 32, 64 second incarnation, 247 n.73 Disney, 141–142, 163 Environmentalism, 9, 84, 161, 174 Disruption/rupture, 12, 55, 72, 118, Estrangement effect. See Brecht, 120, 147, 163, 167, 192, 214, V-effect 216, 221, 232, 240, 259 Experimentation, 11, 39, 47, 89, 105, Dissent. See Comics, as activism; 125, 143, 204, 260–261 Hegemony/Counter-hegemony; Politics DIY, 34, 70, 90, 135, 143, 145, F 146, 149, 152, 169, 196, 220, Falklands War, 256 257. See also Benjamin, Walter, Fandom. See Comics fandom; Science Socialization of creative practice fction, fandom Doctor Strange, 72, 106, 109, 244 n.14 Fanzines. See Comics fandom, fan- Dodgem Logic, 104, 119, 174, 246 zines; Poetry, zines; Punkzines; n.53, 246 n.64 Science fction, zines Doors, the, 64, 188 Farren, Mick, 25, 109, 171, 186 Drawing, 5, 7–8, 14, 78, 85, 88, /the far right, 9, 80, 159, 144–148, 230, 259, 260 195, 199–200, 210, 212, 221, narrative drawing, 67 236–237 Drugs, 21–25, 33, 64, 107, 111–112, Fashion Beast, 243 n.1 125, 150, 219 Felix the Cat, 142, 213 legislation, 23, 25, 134 Feminism, 32, 82, 93 n.54, 139, Weekly, 238 155–156, 159, 174, 195 Dylan, Bob, 52, 208 Film, 10, 16 n.14, 82, 121, 224 288 Index

Expressionist, 202, 213 Green Party (UK), the, 174 music, 205, 208, 230, 231, 233, Grid, the, 88, 121, 127, 147, 256 257 Griffth, Bill, 153, 164 noir, 80, 220 Grotesque, 12, 173, 202, 205 studies, 4 Fleming, Ian, 48, 60 Foreman, Dick, 161, 162, 167, 173 H , 133, 161 Hapshash and the Coloured Coat, Freedom, 24, 29, 70. See also 64–66 Autonomy Harper, Clifford, 155, 165, 181 creative freedom, 37, 49, 105, 126, n.157, 195 136 Harris, Lee, 36, 154 freedom of expression, 24, 49, 71 Haskins, David J., 203, 206, 209 Friends (Frendz), 115, 128, 135 Hatching, 62, 144–146, 165–166, , 1, 83 189, 206 , 70, 117, 202 Haynes, Jim, 35–37, 39, 47 G Headshops, 107, 122, 134, 154 Gay liberation/gay rights/LGBT Heartbreak Hotel, 224, 251 n.147, 258 activism, 32, 139, 182 n.186 Heartfeld, John, 118, 192, 224 Gebbie, Melinda, 26, 195, 254 n.215 Heath, Edward, 23, 199, 246 n.60 Gender, 10, 80, 219 Hegemony/counter-hegemony, 13, Genre, 5, 223, 240 29–30, 88–89, 201, 208, 210, Gesture, 5, 7, 13, 53, 80, 84, 148, 235–237 210 Help!, 26, 163 Ghura, Antonio, 132, 134 Heroïne, 155, 195 Gibbons, Dave, 91 n.13, 117, 132 Herriman, George, 140, 155 Ginsberg, Allen, 51, 56–57 Hesse, Herman, 77, 119 Godwin, William, 29 Hitler, Adolf, 202, 236, 253 n.199 Goth music, 201, 205, 208 Holmstrom, John, 194–195, 245 n.39 Graphiation, 7–8, 86, 143–144, Homophobia, 59, 175 n.14, 219, 246 147–148, 173, 174, 218, 230, n.63, 261 n.4 256, 260 Hopkins, John (Hoppy), 38, 40, 50, Graphic design, 10, 14, 54–55, 59, 106 63, 66–67, 103–104, 109, Horowitz, Michael, 52–53 113–115, 119, 121–123, 131, , The Incredible, 33, 106, 175 135, 139, 161, 174, 176 n.31, n.8, 187 187, 191, 192, 258 Humour, 25, 71, 141, 202, 206, 212, Graphic novel, the, 1 219, 229, 240 Graphixus, 154–156, 188, 194 Great Rock ‘n’ Roll Swindle, The, 183, 233, 249 n.116 I Green, Alex, 202–204, 206 Iconoclasm, 125, 150, 163, 240–241 Index 289

Iconophobia, 6, 27, 67, 112 Jazz, 36, 46, 51–52, 74, 185, 203, Iconostasis, 54, 225, 228–229 206, 209 Idealism, 4, 28–29, 33, 37, 104, 193, Johnson, ‘Andy Dog’, 194 259 Journalism Ideology, 8, 21, 30, 32–33, 87, 113, by Alan Moore, 10, 201–202 119, 147–148, 195, 198–199, in music press, 186, 195–196 213, 233, 236, 241, 259. See also in underground press, 104–105, Hegemony/Counter-hegemony 122–123 Illustration, 6–7, 10, 14, 18 n.35, 55, Jubilee, 236, 253 n.199 66, 67, 72, 111, 114, 116–118, 120–121, 124, 127, 129, 133, 135, 140, 156, 161, 193–194, K 216, 220, 258 KAK ’77, 44, 186, 194, 244 n.13 by Alan Moore, 9, 48–50, 59–63, Kandinsky, Wassily, 222–223 68, 70, 75–76, 87–89, 105, Kesey, Ken, 22, 105 130–131, 144, 165, 167, King Mob, 33, 233 183–185, 200 Kinney, Jay, 155, 195 Image, the, 6–7, 18 n.31, 112–113 Kirby, Jack, 72–73, 106, 117 Indeterminacy, 9, 35, 37, 47, 53, 55, Klee, Paul, 222 67, 73, 78, 85, 87, 89, 105, 115, Konvention of Alternative Komix, 44, 120, 147, 159, 167, 210, 230, 155, 195 261 , 140, 162 Indexicality, 7, 120, 230 ‘Kultural Krime Komix’, 189–190 Ingham, Jonh, 195, 197 Kurtzman, Harvey, 26, 140–141, Instrumentalism, 9, 51, 56, 87– 163–164, 241, 245 n.39 88, 147. See also Rational/ rationalism/rationalisation Intermedia, 9, 10, 42, 48, 74. See also L Performance, by Alan Moore Labour International Poetry Incarnation, 51 Alan Moore and, 22–23 (IT), 24, 25, 29– artistic/creative/cultural, 3, 37, 90, 34, 36, 38, 40, 44, 46, 50, 55, 120, 143, 146, 148, 167, 217 57, 73, 82, 106, 107, 109–111, comics and, 3–4, 45, 103–104, 114–116, 123, 127–131, 135, 123–124, 169 142, 172, 175, 186, 196 female, 123 Intertextuality, 8, 164, 208–209, struggles/militancy/strikes, 31, 62, 213–214 135, 139, 159, 171, 236, 256 IPC Magazines, 124, 154, 172, 185 Labour Party (UK), the, 74, 138, 235 Landau, Nick, 107 Lane, Nicola, 82, 127 J Language, 4–5, 53–57, 72, 78, 80, Jagger, Mick, 187, 235 82–84, 88, 119, 259 290 Index

Last Gasp, 134, 155 ‘March of The Sinister Ducks’, 206, League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, The, 248 n.94 19 n.53, 21, 50, 95 n.93, 117, 164, Marcuse, Herbert, 38 180 n.139, 210, 243, 247 n.74 , 72–73, 105–107, Leary, Tim, 22 135, 187 Lee, Jenny, 35, 74 Marvelman, 70, 156, 163, 164, 238 Legibility, 7, 62, 66, 67, 88, 121, 125, Marvel UK, 223, 237, 238 131, 143, 145, 174, 216, 220 Marxism, 11, 12, 19 n.57, 113, 262 n.29 Lennon, John, 27 Materiality, 6, 14, 55, 57, 67, 72, 85, Lettering, 62, 72, 115, 145, 161, 87, 88, 104, 117, 165, 174, 182 165, 191, 192, 220. See also n.183, 221, 230, 232, 256, 259 Typography Matthews, Mike, 155, 195 Lewis, Alan, 196, 200 ‘Maxwell the Magic Cat’, 145, 237, Light shows, 10, 36, 41, 48, 52, 57, 240, 255–257, 261 n.1, 261 n.2, 66, 73, 75, 77, 223, 254 n.215 261 n.3, 261 n.5, 261 n.6, 261 Line, 5, 7–8, 14, 54, 59, 86–87, 89, n.7, 262 n.8, 262 n.9, 262 n.10 129, 130, 143–144, 146–149, May 1968, 26, 97 n.147, 257 165–166, 173, 196, 220, 222, McCarthy, Brendan, 186, 197 227–228, 230, 240, 257 McCay, Winsor, 78, 82, 100 n.214, Mr Liquorice (Michael Chown, 118, 148, 167, 256 Pickle), 78, 202–203, 205–206, McLaren, Malcolm, 183, 199, 212, 254 n.215 233–234, 243 n.1 Livingstone, Malcolm, 134, 141 McLuhan, Marshall, 121, 176 n.54 Lloyd, David, 28, 209, 238 Meaning, 6, 8, 17 n.20, 22, 25, London Anti-University, 38, 177 n.70 53, 57, 85, 86, 92 n.16, 104, London Film-Makers Co-op, 41, 121 116, 134, 169, 189, 222–223, , 38 230–231 London Street Commune, 40, 123 Medium/mediality, 3–8, 10, 27, 40, Lost Girls, 26, 164, 224 66, 81, 85, 87, 100, 103–104, ‘Lounge Lizards’, 75, 165 121, 143, 147, 149–151, 162, Lovecraft, H.P., 56, 70, 97 n.125, 169, 230, 256, 259, 260 212, 213 Metafction, 80, 145, 169, 208, 213, Lowry, Ray, 130, 186, 201, 221, 247 216, 217, 232, 238, 241, 257, n.66 260. See also Refexivity LSD, 21–23, 56, 60, 64, 88, 148, 227 Métal Hurlant, 44, 156, 188, 241 Ludic, the, 64, 89, 116, 121, 165, , 141–142, 194, 215 173, 214, 216–217 Miles, Barry, 24, 50, 91 n.11, 97 Lynch, Jay, 107, 165 n.147, 106 Mitchell, Adrian, 51, 52, 95 n.103 Modernism, 19 n.57, 51, 53, 66, 112, M 117, 148, 198, 222–223, 231, MAD, 116, 141, 163, 238 247 n.76, 262 n.29 Index 291

Modernity, 11, 83, 112, 148, 231 rhythm, 204–206, 209, 223, Mole Express, 135 224–227 Montage, 13, 54, 72, 119, 120, 167, timbre, 229–231, 260 221, 232 Musical notation/score, 53, 55, 85, Moon Comix, 154, 194 117, 209, 224, 230, 242, 251 Moon and Serpent Grand Egyptian n.156 Theatre of Marvels, The, 77, 242 Musical theatre, 78, 80, 81, 83, 208, Moorcock, Michael, 70–71, 97 n.150, 210, 216, 243. See also Cabaret; 127 Vaudeville Moore, John Henry (Jack), 36, 39 Music press, The, 2, 9, 14, 185, 186, Moore, Leah, 19 n.50, 97 n.135, 161, 191, 192, 195–197, 200, 201, 172 202, 234, 242 Moore, Phyllis, 181 n.166, 182 n.186, comics and, 186–188, 197 216, 249 n.125 history of, 185–187 Moore, Steve, 98 n.156, 107, 129, and punk, 195–198 188–191, 238, 254 n.205 Mutability, 62, 131, 147, 167, 259. Mora, Phillippe (Von), 117, 128 See also Plasmaticness Moscoso, Victor, 107, 130, 142, 167 Mutt and Jeff, 140, 213 Multimedia. See Intermedia; Muybridge, Eadweard, 88, 117, 118 Performance, by Alan Moore Mystery Guests, the, 99 n.190, Multimodality, 5, 17 n.27, 54, 82, 85 202–204 Music, 2, 9, 10, 14, 32, 36, 38, 41, 42, 46, 52, 55, 59, 75, 77, 78, 81, 83, 88, 90, 107, 109, 113, 183, N 185–188, 191–193, 195–238, Narratology, 5, 8, 17 n.25, 54 242–243, 244 n.10, 245 n.33, Nasty Tales, 25, 91 n.13, 91 n.14, 106, 247 n.81, 247 n.84, 247 n.86, 109, 111, 127, 131–132, 142, 156, 248 n.98, 250 n.143, 251 n.147, 175 n.24, 176 n.33, 177 n.67, 177 251 n.157, 252 n.174, 256–258. n.72, 177 n.78, 178 n.85, 179 See also Counterpoint; Film, n.102, 181 n.155, 244 n.12 music; Goth music; Jazz; Rock National Front, 155, 195, 199 music; Polyphony; Punk, music Near Myths, 154, 156, 178 n.85, 188 by Alan Moore, 10, 59, 77, 78, 83, Neville, Richard, 24, 26, 91 n.10, 92 88, 185, 202–208, 242 n.32, 176 n.44 expression, 229–231 New Left, The, 32, 152, 181 n.145 harmony, 222, 223, 227–229 New Musical Express (NME), 183– melody, 223, 227–229, 233 186, 188, 191, 194, 195, 197, Moore on comics and music, 199, 201, 217, 243 n.3 223–224 Newspaper strips, 87, 124–125, 129, in Moore’s comics, 208–210, 212, 132, 140–141, 147, 164, 255, 224 256 292 Index

New Worlds, 70–71, 127 Occupy Comics, 151, 174, 180 Northampton Arts Group, 14, 73, n.141, 242 75–78, 87, 88, 98 n.167, 99 ‘Old Gangsters Never Die’, 78–80, 99 n.179, 105, 203, 204 n.190, 206 magazines, 75–76, 99 n.190 ‘Once There Were Daemons’, 68–70, Northampton Arts Lab, 46–48, 71–73, 87, 144, 145 73–75, 77–78, 105, 161, 183, O’Neill, Kevin, 21, 44, 50, 117, 124, 203, 204 154, 177 n.61, 206 aims, 48, 55 Op Art, 66 and Arts Council funding, 74, 98 Orwell, George, 56, 96 n.125 n.174 Oxford Star, 159, 171 demise of, 73, 75 Oz, 24–28, 30, 34, 36, 44, 49, 50, Embryo merger, 48 64, 82, 91 n.9, 91 n.13, 92 n.21, formation, 46 92 n.25, 92 n.27, 106, 109, 111, impact on Alan Moore, 9, 14, 112, 115–118, 121, 123, 128, 34–35, 48, 57, 73, 77, 83, 130, 133, 135, 142, 146, 161, 87–90, 203, 224 162, 171, 172, 175 n.14, 176 new incarnation, 99 n.190, 257–258 n.44, 177 n.71, 196 performances, 46, 48, 57, 59, 64, Friends of Oz, 27–28 77–78, 83, 205, 224 graphic design of, 115–117, 119, Rovel (Clit Bits/Fitzrovel/Deliver Us 121 From All Rovel), 47, 48, 55, Magical Theatre issue, 117–119, 68, 75, 96 n.124 121 Northampton Chronicle & Echo, 136, School Kids issue, 24–26, 36, 175 139, 203 n.14 Northampton Development trial, 24–28, 49, 50, 82, 91 n.13, Corporation, 136, 138 106, 112, 115, 142, 162, 171 Northampton Grammar School, 22, 24, 48, 91 n.5 Northants Post, 237, 255, 257 P Nuclear war/nuclear weapons, 9, 55, Page/panel layout, 3, 7, 54, 72, 159, 190, 200, 255 73, 82, 87, 88, 145, 165, 225, Nuttall, Jeff, 29, 30, 50, 55, 111, 127, 228, 240. See also Sequentiality; 128, 129, 151, 221 Simultaneity Parkhouse, Steve, 134 Parsons, Tony, 183, 197 O Participation, 37, 39, 55, 81, 83, 85, Obscene Publication Squad. See Dirty 90, 109, 121, 123, 192, 248 n.106 squad Pattern, 6, 12, 53, 55, 62, 64, 66, Obscenity, 24–28, 30, 49, 71, 82, 91 72–73, 75, 83, 84, 89, 116, n.13, 92 n.21, 92 n.27, 132, 133 120, 145, 166–167, 183, 189, Occupy movement, 182 n.186, 210, 220–225, 227, 228 242 Pekar, Harvey, 140, 179 n.99, 258 Index 293

Pencil, Savage, 191, 194–197, 201, and performance, 51–54, 216, 230 202, 217, 220, 241, 246 n.53 and rhythm, 54, 204, 224 Performance, 10–11, 13, 21, 32, 36, visual poetry, 53–55, 67, 71, 73, 38, 40–42, 44, 46–48, 51–55, 127, 129–131, 226 57, 75, 77, 78, 80–88, 118, 120, zines, 22, 44, 50–51, 54, 70, 127, 122, 144, 145, 167, 169, 193, 129, 131 201, 202, 204–206, 208–210, Pokketz (Graham Higgins), 44 216, 218, 224, 227, 228, 230, Politics 232, 233, 242, 248 n.106, 254 . See also Comics as activism; n.215, 257, 258–261. See also Hegemony/counter-hegemony; Comics and performance/theatre; Ideology Poetry; Punk; Theatre activism, 33, 136, 159, 172, 201 by Alan Moore, 10, 57, 59, 77–78, Alan Moore’s, 2, 28, 29, 151, 152, 83, 84, 201, 202–208, 224, 174, 208, 243 242, 258 of Alan Moore’s work, 9–10, performativity/theatricality (of 23, 28, 34, 146, 169, 174, Moore’s cartooning), 10–11, 255–256, 259–260 13, 86–87, 89–90, 105, 126, of comics, 14, 151, 173 140, 145, 146, 159, 169, 173, of the counterculture, 8, 28, 29, 185, 189, 202, 208, 217, 231, 32–34, 87, 151–152, 259 238, 255–257, 259 of form, 2, 10, 12, 14, 67, 212, 259 Photography, 10, 66, 86, 119–120, of punk, 14, 199–201, 211–212, 258 234 chronophotography, 88, 117 of style, 8, 173 photo-fumetti, 26, 194 of underground comix, 143, 145, photomontage, 26, 116–118, 120, 153 121, 133, 192, 194, 196, 200, of underground press, 24, 115, 119, 221, 224, 230 122–123, 135 , 38, 186, 187, 223, 244 Polyphony, 222, 231 n.14 Polyptychs, 226, 240 Plasmaticness, 147, 173, 230 Pop Art, 36, 127, 142, 233 Plasticity, 5–7, 18 n.31, 67, 87, 88, 89, Pop, Iggy, 212 169, 232, 259. See also Abstract Popular culture, 11, 37, 52, 113, 234, underscore 236 Play, 29, 32, 35, 68, 87, 105, 115, Posters 120, 147, 167, 217, 261 by Alan Moore, 64, 170–172, 174, Plurivectionality, 54, 62, 87, 121, 145, 258 214 psychedelic, 63–68, 73, 75, 88, 105, Poe, Edgar Allen, 203, 213 111, 113, 116, 119, 120, 131, Poetry 142, 145, 164, 174 by Alan Moore, 10, 22, 48, 55–58, strip (wall comics), 26, 33, 143 68, 77, 78, 83, 88, 204, 205, Postmodern, 260 258 Pressbutton, Axel, 191, 241 294 Index

Printing Pulp fction, 214, 220 electrostencil, 62 Punk, 13, 14, 154, 159, 164, 167, offset lithography, 44, 114, 120– 183–186, 188, 192–202, 204, 121, 131, 136, 161 208, 210, 211–213, 217–222, photocopying/xerography, 192, 227–230, 23–237, 241, 243, 245 214, 218 n.37, 245 n.39, 246 n.54, 253 screen printing/silkscreen, 42, 44, n.187 171 anarcho-, 198, 234–235 stencil duplication, 41, 47, 49, 59, Moore on, 211 107, 131 music, 193, 227, 228, 229, 230 typesetting, 44, 59, 115, 116 Oi!, 198–200 Process-showing, 53, 89, 143, 169, performance, 193, 208 221. See also Brecht, V-effect; politics of, 197–200, 219, 234–236 Demystifcation; Refexivity post-, 198, 201, 208, 227, 242 Production, 2–4, 7–9, 14, 45, 49, second wave fragmentation, 198 84–85, 88, 103–105, 114–116, and underground comix, 194–195, 118, 125, 126, 133, 134, 136, 211, 218–219, 220–221 141, 146, 148, 149, 152, 153, Punkzines, 192, 193–195, 200, 221 154, 156, 159, 161, 162, 167, and comics, 194–195 169, 172, 183, 192, 193, 210, 234, 236, 243, 248 n.106, 255, 257, 258, 260. See also Comics R industry; Labour Race/racism, 10, 70, 125, 150, 174, collaborative/cooperative produc- 180 n.139, 199–200, 204, 246n tion, 49, 81, 123, 125, 149, 61, 219 152, 154, 162, 172 Rankin, William, 128, 132 cultural production, 11, 33, 36–38, Ratcliffe, Brian, 59, 77 42, 45, 48, 81, 90, 122, 123, Rational/rationalism/rationalisation, 126, 148–149, 169, 192, 234, 52, 67, 88, 113, 123, 147, 148, 260 256. See also Instrumentalism Professionalisation Reader, role of the, 11, 13, 55, 68, Alan Moore’s, 172–173, 185, 210, 71–73, 78, 85–86, 89, 116, 120, 237–238, 255 121, 129, 169, 209–210, 233, and the underground press, 135, 248 n.20, 260 169, 196 Reagan, Ronald, 200, 224 , 68 Realism, 11–12, 78, 149, 240–241, 260 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 29 Reality/the real, 11–12, 21–22, 26– Provisionality, 147, 210. See also 27, 60, 64, 67, 75, 78, 88–90, Contingency 109, 112, 120, 124, 126, 147, Pssst!, 154, 156 221, 233, 237, 259, 261 . See Light shows; LSD; Recuperation, 9, 13, 32, 193, 196, Posters, psychedelic; Rock music, 201, 210, 235, 243. See also psychedelic Co-optation Index 295

Recursivity, 67, 68, 78, 87, 145, 164, ‘Roscoe Moscow Board Game’, 249 189, 230 n.126 Reed, Lou, 187, 194 Rotten, Johnny, 183, 185, 193, 197 Refexivity, 11, 13, 35, 68, 73, 78, Rupert Bear, 25–27, 50, 82, 95 n.93, 80, 89, 105, 115, 130–131, 117, 142, 162, 164 143–144, 145–146, 147, 149, 159, 167–169, 173, 201, 202, 208, 209, 210, 213–217, 232, S 242, 243, 256, 258–260. See also Satire, 126, 140, 142, 151, 159, 162– Metafction; Self-referentiality 163, 169–171, 172, 187, 196, Reid, Jamie, 136, 194 212–220, 238, 241, 243, 255 Reifcation, 37, 90, 142, 143, 193 Scarfe, Gerald, 124, 127, 187 , 38, 42, 80, 129, 132, 186, Schofeld, Tony, 44, 134, 165, 244 n.13 201, 212 Science fction, 15 n.2, 55, 56, 60, Religion, 125, 169, 171 62, 66, 68, 70, 73, 96 n.124, 97 Rhythm. See Music, rhythm; poetry, n.150, 98 n.155, 107, 154, 156, and rhythm; visual rhythm, 11, 161, 238, 241, 255 77, 78, 140, 145, 204–206, fandom, 70 223–228 new wave, 70–71, 73 Riots zines, 55, 70 Brixton, 237 Screentone, 62, 115, 165, 221, 230, Southall, 199 240 Rip Off Comix, 191 Self-referentiality, 13, 80, 148, Rock Against Racism, 174, 196, 199, 189, 214, 256, 260. See also 246n 61 Metafction; Refexivity Rock music, 22, 32, 52, 186, 187, Self-refexivity. See Refexivity 193, 195–196, 205, 208, 212, Selling-out, 33, 156, 171, 197, 201, 229, 233–234, 243 235. See also Commodifcation; and comics, 186–188 Co-optation; Recuperation psychedelic, 70, 77, 188, 192, 193, Semiotic transparency, 9, 67, 88 226–227, 228, 229, 230 Senses, the/sensory/sensual, 32, 81, recuperation of, 193, 196 85, 86, 104, 119, 121, 165, 195, Rodriguez, Spain, 107, 109, 122, 128, 259 130, 165, 195, 220–221 Sequential dynamism, 54, 96 n.116, Rolling Stones, The, 21, 23, 186, 235 225, 227–228 Romantic/romanticization, 22, 56, Sequentiality, 54, 67–68, 88, 103, 90, 93n 50, 106, 149, 169, 217, 121, 164, 177 n.71, 189, 219, 233, 260, 261 224–225, 227, 228 ‘Roscoe Moscow: Who Killed Rock ‘n’ Sex, 24, 25, 29, 30, 78, 125, 157, Roll?’, 187, 188, 189, 198, 201, 133, 136, 142, 153, 162, 167, 202, 210, 211–222, 225–232, 169, 183, 194–198, 211, 212, 234–237, 240, 241, 250n 138 233, 234, 219, 240, 241 296 Index

Sexism, 150, 152, 155, 200, 219 84, 86–88, 114–115, 131, 144, Sex Pistols, the, 136, 183, 194, 145, 147, 166, 183, 189, 190, 195–198, 211, 212, 233–234, 192, 196, 200, 202, 221, 222, 245 n.37, 246 n.47, 252 n.185 225, 229, 230, 234, 238, 240, Sexuality, 10, 71, 80, 150, 182 n.186, 242, 251, 252, 256. See also 200 Composition; Page layout Shaar Murray, Charles, 109, 175 n.14, , 5, 26, 78, 117, 186 118–120, 127, 144, 165, 167, Shape, 5, 8, 38, 55, 64, 66, 72, 77, 214, 215, 221, 225, 240, 256 86, 103, 104, 116, 130, 166, Spider-man, 96 n.116, 187, 213 167, 222, 223, 226–228, 230 Spiegelman, Art, 18 n.40, 153, 164, Sharp, Martin, 64, 111, 117, 118, 179 n.105, 181 n.172, 248 128, 130, 176 n.44, 221 n.113, 211 Shelton, Gilbert, 21, 30, 109, 130, Spontaneous Underground, 39, 106 131, 191, 202 Squatting, 38, 40, 136, 138, 139, 159 Shock, 106, 150, 173, 192, 205, 219 Stanton Walgrave, 78, 99 n.190, 203, Sienkiewicz, Bill, 138, 182 n.186, 223 204 Silver Surfer, the, 70, 72, 109 ‘The Stars my Degradation’, 191, Simultaneity, 54, 121, 159, 167, 227, 237–239, 242, 249 n.128, 253 228. See also Iconostasis n.202, 254 n.204, 254 n.206, Sinister Ducks, the, 80, 203–207, 247 254 n.210, 254 n.213 n.79, 248 n.91, 248 n.93, 248 n.94 Stippling, 144, 165–167, 183, 220 Siouxsie and the Banshees, 183 Stokes, Derek (Bram), 107, 188 Situationist International, the, 26, 33, ‘St Pancras Panda’, 159, 161–162, 92 n.16, 113, 127, 130, 133, 164–172, 182 n.175, 182 n.176, 135, 194, 234 189, 212–213, 214, 221, 240 Skinn, Dez, 129, 156, 178 n.85 Streetcomix, 44, 94 n.71, 134, 154, Small press, 45, 51, 103, 107, 191, 155, 156–158, 151 n.158, 181 196, 224 n.159, 186, 188, 194, 195, 244 Smith, Janice, 46, 47, 73, 94 n.78, 98 n.13, 245 n.45 n.172 Street Press, 135, 178 n.91 Snakes and Ladders, 84, 165, 242, 258 Style Sniffn’ Glue, 191, 192, 194, 245 n.32 comics and, 2, 5, 6, 8, 124–125, Snoopy, 213, 256 140–141, 143–144, 146, 149, Socialism, 29, 139, 151–152, 179 150, 156, 196, 206. See also n.97, 200 Graphiation Sound effects, 5, 78, 130, 165, 190, Moore’s, 8, 9, 22, 62–63, 72, 105, 216, 225, 238, 240 112, 131, 140, 145, 159, 166, Sounds, 2, 5, 46, 53, 77, 78, 84, 88, 173, 185, 189, 220, 230, 241, 130, 132, 165, 173, 183, 185, 255, 256 187–193, 195–232, 237–242, 255 musical, 205, 209, 211, 222 Space/spatial/spatiality, 3, 5, 54, visual, 7–9, 14, 133, 167, 173, 213, 55–57, 60, 64, 66, 72, 75, 82, 222, 230, 260 Index 297

Subculture, 13, 90, 105, 185, 198, Threepenny Opera, The, 11, 19 n.53, 199, 200, 210, 211 181 n.157, 203, 210 Subversion, 26, 89, 104, 106, 116, Tijuana Bibles, 117, 142, 163 141–143, 146, 149, 150, 162, Time/temporality, 5, 54, 57, 66, 71, 234, 238 83, 85, 87, 88, 120, 121, 123, , 33, 107, 135, 140, 141, 127, 128, 130, 135, 147, 224, 163, 213, 240, 241, 255 227 Superman, 189, 194, 223, 250 n.145 Tone, 5, 14, 62, 72, 73, 75, 87, 90, , 133, 163, 178 n.185 131, 144, 146, 165, 173, 183, Surrealism, 46, 117, 127, 130, 204 192, 220, 221–223, 225–230, , 70, 84, 165, 174, 255 240 Synaesthesia, 223, 224 Topolski, Feliks, 26 Transdisciplinarity, 9, 10, 13, 47, 48, 55, 81, 90, 222, 259 T Trocchi, Alexander, 51, 106 Talbot, Bryan, 44, 134, 154, 156, 2000 AD, 154, 172, 188, 206, 238, 157–158, 165, 187, 188 253 n.203, 255 ‘Talcum Powder’, 189 Typography, 54, 55, 62, 66, 89, 115, Taste, 9, 124, 142, 116, 130, 161, 165, 196, 221, 193, 260 240. See also Lettering ‘Ten Little Liggers!’, 200 Texture, 5, 7, 14, 62, 66, 140, 145, 146, 165–167, 173, 183, 190, U 220, 222, 223, 226, 228–230, UFO, 39, 65, 66, 97 n.147 240 Underground comix, 2, 9, 14, 22, 26, Thatcherism, 13, 185, 208, 210, 233, 42, 91 n.13, 103, 105, 107–112, 236 125–126, 129–134, 140–151, Thatcher, Margaret, 173, 182 n.186, 153, 162, 164, 169, 172–173, 201, 224, 255 175 n.17, 177 n.65, 178 n.85, Theatre, 10–13, 35–37, 46, 77, 78, 178 n.86, 180 n.133, 180 n.136, 82–88, 105, 118, 139, 169, 205, 181 n.150, 187, 188, 191, 224, 242, 258. See also Brecht, 194–195, 219, 220–221 epic theatre; Performance and music, 187, 191 countercultural fringe theatre, defnitions of, 127–129 36–37, 77, 81–82, 146 history, 104, 126–129, 172 Theatricality. See Performance, new wave of, 134–136, 153–158 Performativity Underground press, The, 9, 23, 24–25, ‘This is For When’, 204 32, 34, 39, 45, 50, 70, 76, 91 Thor, 106, 187, 194 n.13, 93 n.35, 103–129, 134–136, ‘Three Eyes McGurk and his Death 139, 142, 143, 146, 151, 163, Planet Commandoes’, 189–191, 164, 169, 172, 174, 175 n.22, 213, 219, 238 185–186, 191–193, 234 298 Index

and photography, 120 W and printing, 44, 114, 116 Ware, Chris, 18 n.40, 174 n.1 and work, 123, 125, 144 Warrior, 99 n.177, 156, 191, 209, comix in, 103, 107, 109–111 238, 248 n.102, 255 graphic design of, 114–122 Watchmen, 1, 2, 14, 15 n.2, 15 n.5, journalism, 104–105, 122–123 117, 163, 164, 174 n.1, 208, professionalisation of, 135, 169, 212, 249 n.123, 255 191, 193, 196 Ways of seeing, 8, 10, 88, 126, 152, Underground Press Syndicate, 111, 135 167, 259 Unemployment/redundancy, 30, 139, Weill, Kurt, 11, 78, 202, 203, 230, 233 159, 173, 198, 234, 236, 237, gestic music, 233 255–256 Welch, Chris (), 44, 91 n.13, Up Against the Wall Motherfuckers, 132, 165 33, 181 n.145 Weller, Mike, 44, 128, 132, 194, 244 n.13 Wertham, Frederic, 106 V Wesker, Arnold, 36, 81 Value Whitehouse, Mary, 47, 91 n.13 aesthetic, 6, 8, 88 White Panthers, 25, 171 cultural/artistic, 9, 10, 48, 260 Widgery, David, 30, 123 exchange/use, 88, 120 Wilcock, John, 111, 129 surplus, 30, 233 Williams, Heathcote, 174 Varty, Suzy, 44, 82, 155, 194 Williams, Robert, 107 Vaudeville, 78, 83, 141, 143, 148, 256. Wilson, Harold, 199, 246 n.60 See also Cabaret; Musical theatre Wilson, S. Clay, 107, 128, 221, 240 Velvet Underground, 186, 188 ‘Window Funnies’, 68, 140, 256 V for Vendetta, 1, 28, 56, 75, 83, 156, Wood, Wally, 73, 140, 163, 190, 241 165, 174, 209–210, 238, 247 n.74 Writing/scriptwriting, 2–5, 10, 16 Vicious, Sid, 198, 212 n.9, 57, 71, 83, 84, 120, 164, Vietnam War, 51, 56, 96 n.24, 182 174, 185, 205, 210, 223, 231, n.186 238, 242, 259 Villarubia, José, 59, 68 ‘Wurlitzer Junction’, 204 Violence, 28, 29, 32, 80, 124, 125, 150, 152, 173, 198, 206, 219, 221, 240 X Visual language, 2, 5, 6 X Marks the Spot, 174 Visual music, 223, 227–231, 250 n.143 X-men, The, 238 Visual poetry. See Poetry, Visual poetry Visual rhythm, 54, 77, 223, 224–225, 227 Z Visual sensibility, 3, 14, 22, 35, 105, , 103, 129, 131, 133, 149, 169, 260 153 Viz, 133, 194 Zappa, Frank, 33, 78