For the Benefit of All Men : Oceanography and Franco-American Scientific Diplomacy in the Cold War, 1958–1970** Beatriz Martínez-Rius
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Beatriz Martínez-Rius. For the Benefit of All Men : Oceanography and Franco-American Scientific Diplomacy in the Cold War, 1958–1970**. Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2020, 10.1002/bewi.202000015. hal-03049891
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DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202000015
For the Benefit of All Men: Oceanography and Franco- American Scientific Diplomacy in the Cold War, 1958–1970**
Beatriz Mart nez-Rius*
Summary: In the 1960s, the growing strategic importance of ocean explo- ration led the French government to develop greater capacity in marine scientific research, aiming to promote cooperative and diplomatic relations with the leading states in ocean exploration. Devised during Charles de Gaulle’s government (1958–1969), the restructuring of French oceanogra- phy culminated, in 1967, in the establishment of the state-led Centre Na- tional pour l’Exploitation des Oc ans (CNEXO). Beyond being intended to control the orientation of marine research at a national level, the CNEXO’s mission was to use scientific diplomacy to balance a desire for enhancing international cooperative relations in oceanography with French ambitions to equal the USA’s leading capacity to explore the oceans. Its director, the naval officer Yves la Prairie, played a crucial role in articulating scientific, na- tional, and diplomatic interests for France in the oceans.
Keywords: Science diplomacy, oceanography, ocean sciences, Cold War, France, Franco-American relations, CNEXO
1. Introduction In September 1955 Henri Lacombe, a French oceanographer trained in the Navy, inaugurated the first Physical Oceanography chair in France at the Mus e Nation-
B. Mart nez-Rius, Sorbonne Universit , Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (ISTeP) PhD candidate (Paris, France), E-Mail: [email protected] ** This research has been supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the project SALTGIANT ETN (Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement n8765256). I am grateful to N stor Herran, Lino Camprub , Sam Robinson, and the guest edi- tors Doubravka Olsˇ kov and Lif Lund Jacobsen for their constructive reviews on earlier drafts of this paper. I am also thankful to the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and ob- servations; and to the Environmental Humanities Laboratory and the KTH’s Division of History of Science, Technology, and Environment (Stockholm, Sweden), where I could present an earlier stage of this research. 2020 The Authors. Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Legal Statement: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attri- bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.