REPORT on ELECTION DISPUTE RESOLUTION Approved by The
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Good Government Nordic and East Asian Perspectives
Good Government Nordic and East Asian Perspectives Geir Helgesen and Uichol Kim in collaboration with Good_Govt.pm6 1 20/08/02, 10:16 First published in 2002 by NIAS Press Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Leifsgade 33, DK–2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark tel: (+45) 3254 8844 • fax: (+45) 3296 2530 E–mail: [email protected] • Website: http://www.niaspress.dk/ in collaboration with the Danish Institute of International Affairs (DUPI) Typesetting by NIAS Press Printed and bound in Denmark by Hertz bogtrykkergården a/s Cover design by Nanna Bild © Geir Helgesen and Uichol Kim 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this volume may be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission of authors and publisher. The responsibility for facts and opinions expressed in this publication rests exclusively with the authors, and their interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the publishers. Publication of this book was made possible thanks to economic support from the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies and the Danish Institute of International Affairs British Library Catalogue in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 87-91114-16-0 Good_Govt.pm6 2 20/08/02, 10:16 Contents Preface 5 The Research Network 6 Sponsors 6 East Asian Ideals: Harmony with Nature, Acknowledgementss 6 Self and Others 40 Introduction 7 Confucianism 41 Why is it important to understand East Asian societies 43 other societies? 7 Confucianism in modern East Asia 45 East Asia and the Nordic countries: Socialization -
Act on the Althing Ombudsman
Act No. 85/1997 on the Althing Ombudsman Article 1 Election of the Althing Ombudsman The Althing Ombudsman is elected by Althing for a period of four years. He shall fulfil the conditions provided by law as to fitness to hold the office of Supreme Court Justice and may not be a Member of Althing. In the event of the death of the Ombudsman, or his permanent incapacitation for other reasons, Althing shall hold a new election for the office. The same applies if the Ombudsman is released from his duties of his own volition, or if two thirds of the members of Althing vote to dismiss him. In case of a temporary absence of the Ombudsman the Speaker of Althing will appoint a substitute to act for him meanwhile. Article 2 Role of the Althing Ombudsman, etc. The role of the Althing Ombudsman is to monitor, on behalf of Althing and in such manner as is further stated in this Act, the administration of the State and local authorities, and to safeguard the rights of the citizens vis-a-vis the authorities. He shall ensure that the principle of equality is upheld in public administration and that such administration is otherwise conducted in conformity with the law and good administrative practice. The Ombudsman shall not, in the discharge of his functions, have to take instructions from anybody, Althing included. Article 3 Jurisdiction of the Althing Ombudsman The jurisdiction of the Althing Ombudsman extends to State and local administration. The Ombudsman's jurisdiction also extends to the activities of private parties insofar as they have been by law vested with public authority to decide as to individuals' rights and obligations in the sense of Article 1, para. -
The Year in Elections, 2013: the World's Flawed and Failed Contests
The Year in Elections, 2013: The World's Flawed and Failed Contests The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Norris, Pippa, Richard W. Frank, and Ferran Martinez i Coma. 2014. The Year in Elections 2013: The World's Flawed and Failed Contests. The Electoral Integrity Project. Published Version http://www.electoralintegrityproject.com/ Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11744445 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA THE YEAR IN ELECTIONS, 2013 THE WORLD’S FLAWED AND FAILED CONTESTS Pippa Norris, Richard W. Frank, and Ferran Martínez i Coma February 2014 THE YEAR IN ELECTIONS, 2013 WWW. ELECTORALINTEGRITYPROJECT.COM The Electoral Integrity Project Department of Government and International Relations Merewether Building, HO4 University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Phone: +61(2) 9351 6041 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.electoralintegrityproject.com Copyright © Pippa Norris, Ferran Martínez i Coma, and Richard W. Frank 2014. All rights reserved. Photo credits Cover photo: ‘Ballot for national election.’ by Daniel Littlewood, http://www.flickr.com/photos/daniellittlewood/413339945. Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. Page 6 and 18: ‘Ballot sections are separated for counting.’ by Brittany Danisch, http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdanisch/6084970163/ Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. Page 8: ‘Women in Pakistan wait to vote’ by DFID - UK Department for International Development, http://www.flickr.com/photos/dfid/8735821208/ Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. -
EN-Cairo-Main Report.Indd
PHOTO Steve McCurry/Magnum Photos NOTES The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the Global Survey Team and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) or of the regional parliamentary groups on population and development. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of UNFPA concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The term ‘country’ as used in the text of this report refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. The designations of ‘donor’ and ‘developing’ countries are intended for convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Copyright © UNFPA 2007 2006 Global Survey Cairo to 2015 The Road to Success Progress made by Parliamentarians in Implementing the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development Report Foreword For over 30 years, parliamentarians have been actively promoting the issues of population and development. Since the first national parliamentary group on population was established in Japan in 1974, legislators in many countries have organized themselves to create national parliamentary groups on population-related issues. By 2000, almost 100 countries had a national group or committee devoted to these issues. These entities work closely with UNFPA and the regional umbrella networks of parliamentarians: the Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development (AFPPD), the Inter-American Parliamentary Group on Population and Development (IAPG), the African and Arab Parliamentarians on Population and Development (FAAPPD) and the European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development (EPF). -
Chapter 3: an Overview of Swedish Constitutional History
Perfecting Parliament Succession, and the Riksdag Acts). It is this portion--the written constitution--that defines the electoral system, specifies the organization of parliament, the relation of the king to parliament, and characterizes many of the constraints that define the limits of governmental activities. These written rules directly shape the broad outlines of Swedish governance, and most clearly characterize the general manner in which the preferences of Swedish citizens are used to determine which specific public policies are put in place. It bears noting, this usage of the term constitution differs somewhat from that used by some Swedish scholars. The term constitution, as used here, refers to the fundamental procedures and constraints faced by Swedish government, rather then the subset of relevant legal documents which claim constitutional status, per se. By the usage adopted here, the Swedish state may be said to have operated under four different constitutions: one written in 1809, one that emerged from amendment in 1866, one that emerged from amendment and additional structural and electoral reform in 1920, and one that was adopted by major structural reforms in 1970. That is to say, the result of major reforms of fundamental procedures and constraints is regarded as creating a new constitution. (There were only two Instruments of Government during the period of interest, those of 1809 and 1975, but there have been four substantially different procedures for making new laws.) This convention is faithful to the discussion above, and simplifies the description of major reforms. The result of the major reforms of the Riksdag adopted in 1866 and in 1909-20 period will be referred to as the Constitution of 1866 and Constitution of 1920, rather than some less descriptive and more cumbersome phrase. -
Different Paths Towards Autonomy
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Sagnfræði Different paths towards autonomy: A comparison of the political status of the Faroe Islands and th Iceland in the first half of the 19 century Ritgerð til B. A.- prófs Regin Winther Poulsen Kt.: 111094-3579 Leiðbeinandi: Anna Agnarsdóttir Janúar 2018 Abstract This dissertation is a comparison of the political status of Iceland and the Faroe Islands within the Danish kingdom during the first half of the 19th century. Though they share a common history, the two dependencies took a radically different path towards autonomy during this period. Today Iceland is a republic while the Faroes still are a part of the Danish kingdom. This study examines the difference between the agendas of the two Danish dependencies in the Rigsdagen, the first Danish legislature, when it met for the first time in 1848 to discuss the first Danish constitution, the so-called Junigrundloven. In order to explain why the political agendas of the dependencies were so different, it is necessary to study in detail the years before 1848. The administration, trade and culture of the two dependencies are examined in order to provide the background for the discussion of the quite different political status Iceland and the Faroes had within the Danish kingdom. Furthermore, the debates in the Danish state assemblies regarding the re-establishment of the Alþingi in 1843 are discussed in comparison to the debates in the same assemblies regarding the re-establishment of the Løgting in 1844 and 1846. Even though the state assemblies received similar petitions from both dependencies, Alþingi was re-established in 1843, while the same did not happen with the Løgting in the Faroes. -
Parliaments of the Future
PARLIAMENTS OF THE FUTURE BY RT HON JOHN BERCOW* Thank you so much for the warmth of that introduction. It is an enormous pleasure and privilege to be here today at this exceptional institution in front of this distinguished audience and in this wonderful country. It is an incredible honour for me to speak in this place and I already know that it will be one of the highlights of my tenure. The United Kingdom might be described, not least within itself, as having created the “Mother of Parliaments” but if that is the case then New Zealand has long been among the smartest of her many daughters. That is evident not only in your noble history of entrenching democracy ever since Westminster offered you the New Zealand Constitution Act of 1852, most obviously through becoming the first nation in the world to permit universal suffrage of all adults regardless of gender a shade more than four decades later, but in another perhaps slightly more esoteric regard for how you organise yourselves that has enormous appeal to me personally. This is the reverence which your arrangements offer to the holder of the office of Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives. I note with enthusiasm that the Speaker here ranks third constitutionally behind only the Governor-General and the Prime Minister, that it is technically the owner of the entire parliamentary estate and has sweeping authority over it and is so esteemed in Wellington that the last incumbent, Sir Lockwood Smith, who I have met a number of times, moved on to become your High Commissioner in London. -
20171227 the Nature and Functions of Cambodia's Parliament And
RESEARCH PAPER The Department of Information of the Senate of Cambodia The Nature and Functions of Cambodia’s Parliament and Government: Examined in an International Context Researcher: Dr. Jan Taylor May 2017 Mr. Hisham Mousar Mr. Nun Assachan Adviser: Mr.Khut Inserey Notice of Disclaimer The Parliamentary Institute of Cambodia (PIC) is an independent parliamentary support institution for the Cambodian Parliament which, upon request of the parliamentarians and the parliamentary commissions, offers a wide range of research publications on current and emerging key issues, legislation and major public policy topics. These publications provide information on subjects that are relevant to parliamentary and constituency work but do not purport to represent or reflect the views of the Parliamentary Institute of Cambodia, the Parliament of Cambodia, or of any of its members. The contents of these publications, current at the date of publication, are for reference purposes only. These publications are not designed to provide legal or policy advice, and do not necessarily deal with every important topic or aspect of the issues it considers. The contents of this website are covered by applicable Cambodian laws and international copyright agreements. Permission to reproduce in whole or in part or otherwise use the content on this website may be sought from the appropriate source. © 2017 Parliamentary Institute of Cambodia (PIC) Table of Contents Executive summary..........................................................................................................................i -
Legislative Actors' Resources
Sustainable Governance Indicators SGI 2014 Legislative Actors’ Resources Report Parliamentary Resources, Obtaining Documents, Summoning Ministers, Summoning Experts, Task Area Congruence, Audit Office, Ombuds Office SGI 2014 | 2 Legislative Actors’ Resources Report Indicator Parliamentary Resources Question Do members of parliament have adequate personnel and structural resources to monitor government activity effectively? 41 OECD and EU countries are sorted according to their performance on a scale from 10 (best) to 1 (lowest). This scale is tied to four qualitative evaluation levels. 10-9 = The members of parliament as a group can draw on a set of resources suited for monitoring all government activity effectively. 8-6 = The members of parliament as a group can draw on a set of resources suited for monitoring a government’s major activities. 5-3 = The members of parliament as a group can draw on a set of resources suited for selectively monitoring some government activities. 2-1 = The resources provided to the members of parliament are not suited for any effective monitoring of the government. United States Score 10 The resources of the U.S. Congress substantially surpass those of any other national legislature. First of all, there are three large congressional agencies that perform research and analysis, independently of the executive branch: the Congressional Budget Office (CBO); the Congressional Research Service (CRS); and the Government Accountability Office (GAO). The CBO, a nonpartisan body, is the most credible source of budget analysis in the government. Secondly, each congressional committee has a sizable staff, divided between the majority and the minority parties. In addition, each member of Congress has personal staff, ranging from about 14 personnel, including at least one or two legislative specialists for a member of the House, to more than 50, with several legislative specialists, for a senator from a large state. -
Country Compendium
Country Compendium A companion to the English Style Guide July 2021 Translation © European Union, 2011, 2021. The reproduction and reuse of this document is authorised, provided the sources and authors are acknowledged and the original meaning or message of the texts are not distorted. The right holders and authors shall not be liable for any consequences stemming from the reuse. CONTENTS Introduction ...............................................................................1 Austria ......................................................................................3 Geography ................................................................................................................... 3 Judicial bodies ............................................................................................................ 4 Legal instruments ........................................................................................................ 5 Government bodies and administrative divisions ....................................................... 6 Law gazettes, official gazettes and official journals ................................................... 6 Belgium .....................................................................................9 Geography ................................................................................................................... 9 Judicial bodies .......................................................................................................... 10 Legal instruments ..................................................................................................... -
Iceland Sociological E
Study on Homophobia, Transphobia and Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Sociological Report: Iceland Disclaimer: This report was drafted by independent consultants and is published for information purposes only. Any views or opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not represent or engage the Council of Europe or the Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights Table of Contents A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 B. DATA COLLECTION 4 C. FINDINGS 5 C.1. Public opinion and attitudes towards LGBT people 5 C.2. Freedom of assembly and association 6 C.3. Freedom of expression 6 C.4. Hate crime - hate speech 7 C.5. Family issues 7 C.6. Asylum and refugee issues 8 C.7. Social security, social care and insurance 8 C.8. Education 9 C.9. Employment 9 C.10. Housing and Access to goods and services 9 C.11. Health care 9 C.12. Media 10 C.13. Transgender issues 10 C.14. Data availability 12 A. Executive summary 1. The population of Iceland is about 318,000 persons (2010 figures). 2. Public opinion towards LGB persons are positive and opinion polls show a high degree of acceptance of LGB persons. 3. The yearly pride in Reykjavik has around 70,000 participants and there are no problems regarding freedom of assembly and association. 4. There are no problem regarding freedom of expression. 5. No incidents of hate crimes have been reported. Some incidents of hate speech have been expressed in the media primarily from religious figures. 6. In 2010 the Icelandic parliament passed a gender neutral law on marriage following the law on registered partnership from 1996. -
Report on Exclusion of Offenders
Strasbourg, 23 November 2018 CDL-AD(2015)036cor Opinion No. 807 / 2015 Engl. only EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) REPORT ON EXCLUSION OF OFFENDERS FROM PARLIAMENT Adopted by the Council of Democratic Elections at its 52nd meeting (Venice, 22 October 2015) and by the Venice Commission at its 104th Plenary Session (Venice, 23-24 October 2015) on the basis of comments by Mr Sergio BARTOLE (Substitute Member, Italy) Mr Oliver KASK (Member, Estonia) Mr Jorgen Steen SØRENSEN (Member, Denmark) Ms Anna GAMPER (Expert of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe, Austria) This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. www.venice.coe.int CDL-AD(2015)036cor - 2 - CONTENTS I. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 II. International standards................................................................................................... 4 A. Ineligibility to be elected ............................................................................................. 4 B. Loss of mandate ......................................................................................................... 6 III. Overview of national legislation .................................................................................. 6 A. Exclusion from standing for Parliament ...................................................................... 6 1. Regulatory level .....................................................................................................