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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Note Tetrasporidium javanicum Möbius (), a rare species recorded from Arpa River in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India

Rakesh Kumar Dwivedi

26 January 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 1 | Pages: 15216–15218 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5014.12.1.15216-15218

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Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2020 | 12(1): 15216–15218 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5014.12.1.15216-15218

#5014 | Received 17 April 2019 | Final received 15 November 2019 | Finally accepted 23 December 2019

N o t e Tetrasporidium javanicum Möbius (Chlorophyta), a rare species recorded from Arpa River in Bilaspur, Chhatsgarh, India

Rakesh Kumar Dwivedi

Department of Botany, B.D. Govt . P.G. College, Jaiharikhal, Utarakhand 246193, India. [email protected]

Chhatsgarh State is located in the central eastern and 4% formaldehyde. Samples were observed under part of India, a part of the central highlan. The state is the microscope and photographs were taken with the well known for its unexplored and rich biodiversity and help of a Leica DM 2000 microscope at Department of its mineral resources like iron, coal and limestone. The Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalay, Koni, Bilaspur. weather is hot and humid due to its proximity to the Identfcaton of the taxon was done by referring to Tropic of Cancer (21.2950N and 81.8280E). Mahanadi is standard research papers (Iyengar 1932; Sarma & the largest river of the state and it is fed by the numerous Suryanarayana 1969; Pandey et al. 1980). tributaries including the river Arpa. The river originates Samples collected in December 2012 (accession from the Maikal range near the Kodari-Khongsara Village number Bsp/Arpa/14; collecton date 23.xii.2012) of Bilaspur District. It fows southwards to meet with and December 2013 (accession number Bsp/ Seonath River which in turn meets with the Mahanadi. Arpa/02 collecton date 22.xii.2013) were identfed Once perennial, now the river is mainly rain fed due to as Tetrasporidium javanicum Möbius (Chlorophyta, the formaton of various check dams (Bhat & Geelani , Palmellopsidaceae). 2013). The riverbed is sandy at most of the places having The thalli under lower magnifcaton (4x) appear an average height of about 1.5m and is rocky at some net-like with many round perforatons having smooth places. Arpa is considered as the lifeline for Bilaspur margins. Each thallus is multcellular, colonial, ranged City as it fows through the middle of the city and is the between 10–30 cm in length, numerous cells are major source of water. The present study deals with the embedded into a common gelatnous matrix which algal fora of Arpa River near Koni, Bilaspur. are atached to the substratum with the help of an Epilithic algal samples were collected in diferent atachment disc. The cells are spherical to ellipsoidal, seasons by random sampling method between 2012 5–12 µm in diameter. Each cell is uninucleate, with a and 2018. They were collected from the submerged single cup shaped chloroplast and a single, prominent pebbles as epilithic algal thalli atached to the pebbles pyrenoid. in the riverbed with the help of scalpel. The collected Tetrasporidium javanicum Möbius was frst reported samples were kept in plastc botles with river water from Java (Moebius 1893), and subsequently from other

Editor: O.N. Tiwari, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Insttute (IARI), New Delhi, India. Date of publicaton: 26 January 2020 (online & print)

Citaton: Dwivedi, R.K. (2020). Tetrasporidium javanicum Möbius (Chlorophyta), a rare species recorded from Arpa River in Bilaspur, Chhatsgarh, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12(1): 15216–15218. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5014.12.1.15216-15218

Copyright: © Dwivedi 2020. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: None.

Competng interests: The author declares no competng interests.

Acknowledgements: The author is thankful to the Head, Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalay, Bilaspur (C.G.) for providing the facilites.

15216 J TT Tetrasporidium javanicum from Arpa River, Chhatsgarh Dwivedi

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

Image 1–8. Tetrasporidium javanicum and destructon of the habitat. 1,2—T. javanicum atached to the pebbles submerged in Arpa River | 3—T. javanicum in 4x magnifcaton of objectve lens (not to scale) | 4—T. javanicum in 10x magnifcaton of objectve lens (not to scale) | 5,6—thallus of T. javanicum in 40x and 100x magnifcatons of objectve lens (scale bar is equal to 10µm) | 7,8—sand mining at the collecton site. © Rakesh Kumar Dwivedi.

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2020 | 12(1): 15216–15218 15217 J TT Tetrasporidium javanicum from Arpa River, Chhatsgarh Dwivedi

parts of the world such as Czech Republic (Fot et al. missing T. javanicum in Arpa River at Bilaspur since 2014. 1965), China (Jao 1947; Hu & Wei 2006), Bangladesh For the protecton of this rare and endangered alga, (Islam 1970), France (Coute &Tracanna 1981), Portugal conservaton of the habitat, mainly the stone substrates, (Calado & Rino 1992), Australia (Entwisle & Skinner is needed. Authorites providing concessions for sand 2002), the Hawaiian Islands (Sherwood 2004), and mining should take this into consideraton. Spain (Tomas et al. 2012; Alcaraz et al. 2013). In India, T. javanicum was documented for the frst tme from References the pools of Madras (Chennai) and the river Nagari in southern India (Iyengar 1932). Later it was reported Alcaraz, J.L.M, L.M. Canales & M.A. Sanjurjo (2013). Morphological descripton and ecology of some rare macroalgae in south-central from diferent parts of the country like Ravi River at Spanish rivers (Castlla-La Mancha Region). Anales del Jardin Chamba in Himachal Pradesh (Singh 1941), Pallar River Botanico de Madrid 70(1): 81–90. in Kerala (Randhawa 1962), Vallabha Vidyanagar in Bhat, S.J.A. & S.M. Geelani (2013). Studies on the impact of Arpa river check dams on Microenvironment of District Bilaspur, Chhatsgarh. Gujarat (Sarma & Suryanarayana 1969), and Allahabad Natonal Environment and Polluton Technology 12(1): 135–138. in Utar Pradesh (Pandey et al. 1980). Brodie, J., R.A. Andersen, M. Kawachi, & A.J.K. Millar (2008). The taxon has its distributon in both tropical and Endangered algal species and how to protect them. Phycologia 48(5): 423–438. temperate regions growing in shallow, slow fowing Calado, A.J. & J.A. Rino (1992). Observatons and Taxonomic oligo-mesotrophic to eutrophic river water atached to consideratons on a Tetrasporidum (Chlorophyta, ) found in Portugal. Cryptogamie Algologie 13(3): 157–167. siliceous substratum, (Calado & Rino 1992; Entwisle & Entwisle, T.J. & S. Skinner (2001). Non-marine algae of Australia: 4. Skinner 2002; Sherwood 2004; Tomas et al. 2012; Alcaraz Floristc survey of some colonial green macroalgae (Chlorophyta). et al. 2013) which is also confrmed by the present report. Telopea 9(3): 725–739. Fot, B., M. Novakova & T. Kalina (1965). Morphology, reproducton Some reports of occurrence of T. javanicum, however, and occurrence of a tropical alga, Tetrasporidium javanicum are also available from pools as epiphyte, epipelic in Moebius (Chlorophyceae). Preslia 37: 380–386. river and shallow water channels (Iyengar 1932; Pandey Hu, H. & Y. Wei (2006). The Freshwater Algae of China: Systematcs, and Ecology. Science Press, Pekin, 1023pp. et al. 1980), fshponds as epiphyte on Potamogeton Islam, A.K.M. (1970). The genus Tetrasporidium in East Pakistan. Revue crispus, Elodea canad, and Batrachium aquatle (Fot et algologique 10(1): 85–89. al. 1965). The present report of T. javanicum confrms Jao, C.C. (1947). Studies on the freshwater algae of China XVI. Protococcales from Kwangsi. Botanical Bulletn of Academia Sinica its presence in Arpa River in the years 2012 and 2013 but 1: 243–254 when checked again in December 2014 and 2017 at the Iyengar, M.O.P. (1932). Two litle-known genera of green algae study site, the species, however, could not be located. (Tetrasporidium and Ecballocysts). Annals of Botany 46: 191–227. Moebius, M. (1893). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Algenfora Javas. Berichte The main reason for the disappearance of the rare alga der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaf 10: 17–26. might be sand mining at the riverbed using tractors and Pandey, R.S., G.L. Tiwari & D.C. Pandey (1980). Observatons on Two bulldozers. This may have destroyed the substratum and Species of Tetrasporidium Moebius (Chlorophyta, Tetrasporales). Nova Hedwigia 32: 779–787. water quality required by this species. Randhawa , M.S. (1962). A note on two interestng freshwater algae The status of rare and endangered algae is poorly from Kerala state, India. Current Science 31(6): 259. Sarma, Y.S.R.K., & G. Suryanarayana (1969). Observatons on known across the world and India as well. Very few morphology, reproducton, and cytology ofTetrasporidium countries like Australia, Britain, Japan, and Germany javanicum Mobius from North India. Phycologia 8 (3-4): 171–175 have tabulated the list of endangered algae and ofered Sherwood, A.R. (2004). New records of freshwater macroalgae and diatoms from the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional legal protecton to them (Brodie et al. 2008). Among all Papers 79: 3–8. groups of algae, the freshwater benthic and periphytons Singh, V.P. (1941). On the collecton of algae from Chamba state are most vulnerable to extncton. This is because water (Punjab) I. Proceeding of the Indian Academy Sciences 14: 250– 255 bodies are used for sewage discharge, coolants for various Tomas, P., J.L. Moreno, M. Aboal, J. Oscoz, C.D.P. Navarro (2012). industries and mixing of the hot water efuent, and sand Distributon of Tetrasporidium javanicum Mobius 1893 (Chlorophyta: mining. Sand mining is supposed to be the reason for Tetrasporales) in Ebro River Basin. Limnetca 31(1): 77–84.

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15218 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2020 | 12(1): 15216–15218

PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. OPEN ACCESS All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

January 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 1 | Pages: 15091–15218 Date of Publicaton: 26 January 2020 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2020.12.1.15091-15218

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