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40 (5) 2019 Special Issue Journal Home page : www.jeb.co.in « E-mail : [email protected] Special Issue TM Journal of Environmental Biology TM p-ISSN: 0254-8704 e-ISSN: 2394-0379 JEB CODEN: JEBIDP DOI : http://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/40/5(SI)/SI-19 White Smoke Plagiarism Detector Just write. Effect of temperature on egg development time and productivity of Acartia steueri and population variations of family Acartiidae in Dadaepo Beach, Busan, Korea Paper received: 30.10.2018 Revised received: 06.03.2019 Accepted: 16.03.2019 Abstract Authors Info 1 1 1 Aim: This research aimed to study the effect of temperature on egg production rate, egg development time, Y.J. Jo , W. Park *, B. W. Lee , 2 3 hatching success rate and egg size of Acartia steueri and seasonal variation of species composition of family C. G. Kang and Y.E. Kim Acartiidae. 1 Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Methodology: Population variations of Acartiidae were investigated based on weekly collected samples Busan, 48513, Korea from Dadaepo beach, Busan, Korea. Live copepods were reared in laboratory at five temperature regimes 2 (10, 14, 18, 22 and 26℃) to estimate temperature effects on the egg development time and productivity of A. School of Earth Sciences and steueri. Environmental Engineering, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea Results: Total five acartiid species were found in the study area: Acartia omorii, A. steueri, A. pacifica, A. 3 Department of Marine erythraea, and A. sinjiensis. A. steueri and A. omorii were dominated in colder months from January to April, Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang while A. pacifica, A. erythraea and A. sinjiensis were abundant during warmer months from August to University, Asan, 31538, Korea December. Egg production rates were significantly correlated with water temperature. The embryonic development time of A. steueri was longest at 10 ºC and shortest at 22 ºC. The egg size decreased with increase in water temperature. Interpretation: This study indicated that temperature influenced embryonic development rate, generation time and population variations of acartiid copepods. Key words: Acartia steueri, Dadaepo beach, Egg production rate, Population variation To study temperature effects on the egg production rate and development time, and hatching success of A. steueri and to investigate the seasonal variation of species composition of family Acartiidae *Corresponding Author Email : Laboratory Experiment Field Experiment [email protected] - Five temperature regimes (10, 14, 18, 22 and 26ºC) - Weekly collected samples - Egg production rate; - Development time - Population variations - Hatching success rate; - Egg size Edited by Laboratory Experiment Field Experiment Professor Chae Woo Ma - Egg productionOnline rates correlated with temperature. Copy- Total five Acartiid species : Acartia omorii, A. steueri, - Egg size decreased when temperature increased A. pacifica, A. erythraea, A. sinjinensis - Egg development time and hatching success of A. - Colder months (From January to April) steueri was longest and lowest at lower temperature. : A. steueri, A. omorii dominented Reviewed by - Warmer months (From August to December) Professor Jae Won Kim : A. pacifica, A. erythraea, A. sinjinesis Professor Chung Il Lee This study indicated that temperature influenced embryonic development rate, generation time and population variation of acartiid copepods. How to cite : Jo, Y.J., W. Park, B.W. Lee, C.G. Kang and Y.E. Kim: Effect of temperature on egg development time and productivity of Acartia steueri and population variations of family Acartiidae in Dadaepo Beach, Busan, Korea. J. Environ. Biol., 40, 962-968 (2019). DOI : http://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/40/5(SI)/SI-19 © Triveni Enterprises, Lucknow (India) Journal of Environmental Biology September 2019 Vol. 40 962-968 Y.J. Jo et al.: Temperature effects on the egg development time and productivity of the family Acartiidae 963 Introduction Egg production rates and sizes : Live adult copepods were separated under microscope using a 0.5 ml pipette. After two Copepod metabolism can be controlled by exterior days of acclimation, live individuals were maintained in 2.5 l acryl environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and food container with full filled sea water of five temperature regimes concentrations (Landry, 1975; Miller et al., 1977). In particular, (10ºC, 14 ºC, 18 ºC, 22 ºC and 26 ºC). After two days, each temperature is an important factor for the population variations individual was put into the modified 60 ml acryl cylinder containing (Uye, 1982; Liang and Uye, 1996), life histories such as filtered seawater and mixture of I. galbana and T. suecica for one reproductive rate and growth rate (Lee et al., 2003), egg week. Phytoplankton concentration at each cylinder was over the production rate and hatching success (Ara, 2001; Begum et al., 10,000 cell ml -1. Ten replicates were made for same experimental 2012). Increasing water temperature accelerates egg production condition. Photoperiod was 12 hr light and 12 hr dark. rate and hatching success, and shortens egg development time (Landry, 1975). Water temperature changes driven by climate The modified acrylic cylinder was designed to minimize changes can adjust strategically their egg production to maintain the stress of copepods during the experiment. The upper part of populations (Uye, 1982; Hays et al., 2005). acryl cylinder was 10 cm while lower part was 3 cm high. Considering the diameter of eggs (about 80 µm), the mesh size of Copepods of family Acartiidae are common inhabitants of upper part was 200 µm and that of lower part was 30 µm. coastal water in all oceans of the world (Uye, 1980, 1981; Kang and Kang, 1998; Yoo et al., 1991; Mauchline, 1998). The Copepod eggs were collected, counted and fixed in 5% abundance of members belonging to family varies with seasons. neutral formalin to determine the effects of water temperature on Acartia longiremis is dominant in colder season while A. steueri is the egg size. The size of copepod eggs were measured under the dominant in the warmer season at Okkirai Bay in Japan (Yamada microscope (Stereo discovery V12). et al., 2012). A. longiremis, A. omorii and A. hudsonica appears from early spring to summer. The abundance of A. steueri Hatching success rate and embryonic development time: increases during summer, decreases until January, and then Adult copepods were placed under the microscope using 0.5 ml disappears for two or three months from April at Okkirai Bay in pipette. Ten copepods were cultured in a modified acryl container Japan (Yamada et al., 2012). with sea water at five temperature regimes (10ºC, 14ºC, 18ºC, 22ºC and 26ºC). After 4 hrs, 1 to 3 scattered eggs on the bottom of Dadaepo beach is located towards Tsushima Warm the container were placed in a 24 well plate container of 0.3 ml of Current and flows from Southern Sea of Korea. Tsushima Warm filtered sea water at five temperature regimes. Naupliar hatching Current may transport multi species of family Acartiidae and result was observed under the microscope every 4 hrs hrs and hatched in seasonal community changes of acartiid species in the area. nauplii were removed from the well-plate. After 144 hrs from the Dadapo beach displays a gentle slope within 100 m with high eggs to the last hatching time, unhatched eggs were determined nutrients, due to tidal mixing (Na et al., 1990). Primary production as resting or failed hatching eggs. in Dadaepo beach is high, resulting in high abundance of copepods (Na et al., 1990). The relationship between temperature and embryog- enesis time was calculated by using Bělehrádek's equation This research was carried out to study temperature (Corkett and McLaren, 1970). effects on egg production rate and development time, and hatching success of A. steueri, and also to investigate the a b DE = a(T - ) relationship between water temperature and species composition of family Acartiidae in the study area. Where, DE is the egg incubation time (day), T is the water temperature (ºC), and a, b, and α are optimization constants. To Materials and Methods obtain optimization constant, the equation was converted to log. α was arbitrarily substituted to obtain α having highest regression Sampling and maintenance of live specimens : Zooplankton relationship, and a and b were obtained. was horizontally sampled using a conical zooplankton net (45 cm in mouth diameter and 330 µm in mesh size) atOnline Dadapo beach, Copy The equation converted to log is as follows: Busan, Korea during two weeks in March 2016. Live copepods were transported within hours to laboratory. Adult Acartia steueri Log DE = loga + blog (T-a) were separated under a microscope and were placed in acrylic water tanks, maintained at similar temperature of the sampling Zooplankton sampling for population variations : site. Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis suecica obtained from Zooplankton was collected using a conical net based on weekly Gyeongsangnam-Do Fisheries Research Institute were fed to collected samples from Dadaepo beach, Busan, Korea from adult A. steueri. During the experiment, sea water was changed August 2015 to April 2016. The collected specimens were fixed in two times per day. 70% alcohol, and then transported to laboratory for analysis. Journal of Environmental Biology, Special Issue, September 2019 964 Y.J. Jo et al.: Temperature effect on egg development time and productivity of family Acartiidae Water temperature and salinity were measured by thermometer The difference in egg production rate by temperature was and refraction salino meter. analyzed through one way ANOVA test. There was a significant relationship between egg production rates and water Statistical analyse : One-way ANOVA was performed using temperatures (Table 2). There was no significant difference at SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Science, 10ºC and 14ºC, but there was a significant difference at other Version 12.0) to determine the difference by water temperature temperature regimes (Fig. 2). regimes between egg production rates, egg size and embryonic development time.
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