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Download PDF File (262KB) Myrmecological News 13 31-36 Vienna, April 2010 Revision of the ant genus Anillomyrma EMERY, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myr- micinae: Solenopsidini) Katsuyuki EGUCHI, Tuan Viet BUI, David M. GENERAL & Gary D. ALPERT Abstract The ant genus Anillomyrma EMERY, 1913 is revised based on the type and new materials from Vietnam and the Philip- pines. Anillomyrma decamera ssp. continentis WHEELER, 1927 described from Vietnam is a junior synonym of A. deca- mera (EMERY, 1901) described from Sri Lanka. Anillomyrma decamera is newly recorded from the Philippines. Anillo- myrma tridens BOLTON, 1987 has so far been known only from the type series, and it is morphologically very similar to A. decamera. The conspicuous morphological characters separating the two species are as follows: masticatory margin of mandible 3-toothed in A. tridens but 4-toothed in A. decamera; 3rd tooth much larger than the 2nd in A. tridens but almost as large as the 2nd in A. decamera; posterior slope of propodeum in lateral view expanded posterodorsad more strongly in A. tridens than in A. decamera; petiolar peduncle in lateral view more slender in A. tridens than in A. deca- mera. The genus is relatively well diagnosed from the other genera of the Solenopsis WESTWOOD, 1840 genus group by the shape of clypeus, condition of eye, antennal and palpal segmentations, shape of promesonotum, forecoxa and petiole, segmentation between postpetiole and 1st gastral segment, and condition of sting. Key words: Solenopsis genus group, Anillomyrma decamera, A. decamera ssp. continentis, A. tridens, synonymy, Vietnam, Philippines. Myrmecol. News 13: 31-36 (online 27 November 2009) ISSN 1994-4136 (print), ISSN 1997-3500 (online) Received 16 June 2009; revision received 10 August 2009; accepted 25 August 2009 Dr. Katsuyuki Eguchi (contact author), Department of International Health, the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Naga- saki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Tuan Viet Bui, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. E-mail: [email protected] Dr. David M. General, School of Forest Resources, 110 University Court, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Mon- ticello, AR 71656, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Gary D. Alpert, Environmental Health & Safety, 46 Blackstone Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction The genus Anillomyrma EMERY, 1913 is one of the rare and In Vietnam, this genus has not been seen since WHEELER mysterious taxa, containing two described species and one (1927) described A. decamera continentis based on wor- subspecies all of which are known from South, Southeast kers collected by F. Silvestri from Van Phu. Its morpho- and East Asia: A. decamera ssp. decamera (EMERY, 1901) logical features (i.e., its depigmented, tiny, slender body from Sri Lanka (the type locality) and India (BOLTON 1987); and eyeless condition), and its behavior (i.e., the discov- A. decamera ssp. continentis WHEELER, 1927 from Vietnam ery that it creates a runway covered by a canopy of small (the type locality) and China (WHEELER 1928); A. tridens soil particles, BOLTON 1987), suggest that the genus is sub- BOLTON, 1987 from East Malaysia (the type locality). In a terranean. As a part of our inventory work on Vietnamese recent taxonomic treatment of the family Formicidae by ants (see YAMANE & al. 2003, EGUCHI & al. 2005), we con- BOLTON (2003), two units previously treated as separate ducted a survey of subterranean ants, using the under- entities, i.e., the Solenopsis WESTWOOD, 1840 genus group ground bait-trapping method, in Binh Chau - Phuoc Buu and the Carebara WESTWOOD, 1840 genus group, were Nature Reserve of Ba Ria – Vung Tau Province, Vietnam combined in the tribe Solenopsidini, and the genus Anillo- (EGUCHI & BUI in press), and collected several hundred myrma was placed in the Solenopsis genus group together workers of a single colony which are referable to A. deca- with Allomerus MAYR, 1878, Bondroitia FOREL, 1911, Ca- mera continentis. Based on the examination of new mate- rebarella EMERY, 1906, Diplomorium MAYR, 1901, Epely- rial and the type material we here redefine the genus, and sidris BOLTON, 1987, Megalomyrmex FOREL, 1885, Mono- revise the status of A. decamera continentis. morium MAYR, 1855, Nothidris ETTERSHANK, 1966, Oxy- Methods epoecus SANTSCHI, 1926, Phacota ROGER, 1862 and So- lenopsis. EGUCHI & BUI (2007) added Parvimyrma EGUCHI In the present study, we examined two syntypes of A. deca- & BUI, 2007 as a member of the Solenopsis genus group. mera, three syntypes of A. decamera ssp. continentis, 48 non-type workers of A. decamera (Vietnam, China and Phil- above the level of lateral portions, *not bicarinate lat- ippines), and 24 paratypes of A. tridens. erally below antennal insertion, *narrowly inserted be- The following measurements and indices were used in tween frontal lobes; median clypeal seta well developed; 1st the present article: paracarinal seta well developed; lateral portions of clypeus CI Cephalic index =HW / HL × 100. not forming a raised rim or shield wall in front of an- HL Maximal length of head capsule, taken from mid- tennal insertions; anterior tentorial pit located at the mid- point of a transverse line spanning the anteriormost point of antennal insertion and lateral margin of head in and posteriormost projecting points. full-face view; mandible elongate-triangular, with 3 or 4 dis- HW Maximal width of head capsule. tinctly dark-colored teeth on masticatory margin but with- PW Maximum width of pronotum in dorsal view. out any tooth / denticles on basal margin; a short diastema SI Scape index = SL / HW × 100. present between the preapical and 3rd teeth; trulleum small SL Length of scape excluding basal condylar bulb and and closed; hypostoma without lateral tooth just mesal to radicle. each mandibular base; anterior margin of labrum broadly WL Diagonal length of mesosoma in profile from anteri- concave medially; *both maxillary and labial palps con- ormost point of pronotum to posteriormost point of sisting of two completely separated segments (see "Re- metapleuron. marks"); praementum with a pair of long and simple setae; Measurements were made at 160× using Nikon AZ100 *antenna 10-segmented, *with 3-segmented club; antennal microscope. Multi-focused montage images were produced segments III - VII each much shorter than broad; segment using Helicon Focus 30 Pro (MP) from a series of source X much longer than segments VIII and IX combined; seg- images taken by a Nikon Coolpix 8400 digital camera at- ments VIII, IX and X with several sensilla tricodea cur- tached to a Nikon AZ100 microscope (for dry-mounted spe- vata (arrow in Fig. 7) which are long, thick, simple and ap- cimens) or Nikon OPTIPHOT-2 (for slide-mounted speci- pressed; segment X with several sensilla ampullacea (arrow mens). When fine hairs and other parts which were not re- in Fig. 8) [i.e., a peg contained in a bottle-shaped chamber cognized automatically were found, the focused parts from (ampulla) which connects apically with a thin duct; the the source images were copied to the montage image using tube opening on the outer surface of the apex of segment X]; the retouching function of Helicon Focus. Artifacts (ghost *eye completely absent. Mesosoma in dorsal view mode- images) and unnecessary parts (unfocused appendages, etc.) rately constricted between promesonotum and propodeum; surrounding or covering target objects were erased and promesonotum in lateral view low, almost flat or very weak- cleaned up using the retouching function of Helicon Focus. ly convex, without conspicuous humerus; promesonotal su- Finally, the background was cleaned up, and the color bal- ture completely absent dorsally; metanotal groove present ance, contrast and sharpness were adjusted using Adobe dorsally as a weak transverse striation; propodeum neither Photoshop CS2. armed posterodorsally nor carinate posterolaterally; propo- Abbreviations of the specimen depositories are: deal lobe absent; both mesosternum and metasternum with- ACEG, Ant Collection of Katsuyuki Eguchi (for a out conspicuous ventral tooth; *propodeal spiracle small, contact address, see the first page of this article); BMNH, situated at or slightly behind midlength of sides of propo- Natural History Museum, London, UK; CASENT, Entomo- deum; metapleural gland relatively large. *Forecoxa ro- logical Collection of the California Academy of Sciences, bust, *and much longer than middle and hind coxa; meso- California, USA; DMGC, Ant Collection of David M. and metatibial spur absent. *Petiolar peduncle long, *without General (for a contact address, see the first page of this ar- any anteroventral process; *petiolar node long, low and dor- ticle); MCZC, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard sally broadly convex in lateral view; postpetiole much short- University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; MHNG, Mu- er than petiole, in dorsal view almost as broad as or slightly séum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland; MSNG, broader than petiolar node, *in lateral view broadly at- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria", Genova, tached to top of anterior face of first gastral segment. Gaster Italy; NHMW, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; elongate; gastral shoulder absent; *sting strongly developed. VNMN, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, 18 Hoang Remarks. ETTERSHANK (1966) and BOLTON (1987, Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. 2003) mentioned that the labial palp consists of two semi- fused segments. The separation of the two segments, how- Anillomyrma EMERY, 1913 (Figs. 1 - 15) ever, was recognized as a conspicuous notch in silhouette Anillomyrma EMERY, 1913: 261 [as subgenus of Mono- in slide-mounted specimens of both A. decamera (8 speci- morium]. Type-species: Monomorium decamerum EM- mens from bait #16xii08-18) and A. tridens (3 paratypes ERY, 1901: 117; by monotypy. donated by B. Bolton) (Figs. 5, 14). Anillomyrma EMERY, 1913: ETTERSHANK (1966): 97 [Rais- In the present article we redefined the genus Anillo- ed to genus]. myrma based only on the two Asian species, i.e., A. deca- Worker description. By the combination of the char- mera and A.
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