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The Chinese House Church Movement in South Africa

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The Chinese House Church Movement in South Africa Page 1 of 6 Original Research THE CHINESE HOUSE CHURCH MOVEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om die Chinese huiskerkbeweging in Suid-Afrika by wyse van Author: akademiese ondersoek aan die orde te stel en ‘n inleidende bespreking te bied van hierdie belangrike Grant, S1 gebeurtenis in sendingwetenskap. Hierdie navorsing behels van die heel eerste beskrywings en Niemandt, C.J.P1 navorsing oor hierdie haas onbekende verskynsel. Die bespreking geskied aan die hand van Alan Hirsch se konsep van apostoliese impak en die sogenaamde ‘Jesus People’-beweging, toegepas op Affiliation: 1Science of Religion and Chinese huiskerke in China en Suid-Afrika. Die navorsing skets ‘n kort oorsig oor die kerk in China Missiology, University of om sodoende konteks te skep vir die gebeure in Suid-Afrika. Die inleidende bespreking van die Pretoria Chinese huiskerke geskied aan die hand van ‘deelnemende waarneming.’ Die navorsing vervolg met voorstelle vir die verdere ontwikkeling van die huiskerke in Suid-Afrika. Correspondence to: Grant, S1 Email: [email protected] The purpose of the research is to provide an academic introduction to the Chinese House Correspondence to: Church Movement in South Africa, and to give a brief description of the importance of this new Niemandt, C.J.P missiological event – for, even though the presence of these churches is well known, little is known about the churches themselves. This research represents some of the very first explorations and Email: missiological reflections on this phenomenon in South Africa. Therefore, in this article Alan [email protected] Hirsch’s idea of ‘apostolic genius’ and its connection to ‘Jesus People’ Movements and their impact Postal address: is explored within the context of the Chinese church, both in mainland China and in South Africa. Private Bag X20, Hatfield, A brief history of the church in China is provided as background and context for an exploration 0028, South Africa of the Chinese House Church Movement in South Africa – through ‘participant observation’. Dates: Consequently, suggestions are made as to ways in which one can more effectively assist already Published: 01 Des. 2015 existing Chinese house churches, as well as with the establishment of more Chinese house churches. As this is a previously mostly ‘unknown’ and/or closed-off community, the research How to cite this article: undertaken in this article is of great importance as an initial exploration and missiological Grant, S. & Niemandt, C.J.P., reflection on this phenomenon. 2015, ‘The Chinese House Church Movement in South Africa’, KOERS — Bulletin for Christian Scholarship 80(2), Art. # 2225, 6 pages. Copyright: © 2015. The Author(s). Published under the Creative Commons Atribution License. www.koersjournal.org.za Page 2 of 6 Original Research INTRODUCTION This allowed the researcher the opportunity to conduct a qualitative study of this phenomenon by way of participant The rapid expansion of Christianity should be of interest observation – the collection of data by observing participants, to any student of Christianity and Church History. This or directly asking them open-ended questions in multiple is especially true of the expansion of the Far Eastern interviews (Creswell 2015:4). Church, as it is by most accounts a spontaneous expansion (Grant 2013:6). The purpose of this research is to provide The focus of the study on the Chinese House Church Movement a missiological introduction to the Chinese House in South Africa necessitated a broader description of the Church Movement in South Africa, and to give Chinese population in South Africa, through both literature a brief description of the importance of this new missiological and interviews conducted with pastors, missionaries, and event – for, even though the presence of these churches is Christian laymen. Through his involvement with his own, as well known, little is known about the churches themselves. well as this Brethren Church, the researcher came to know The object of this study is to understand the potential for a the history of the church in mainland China, specifically the ‘Jesus People’ Movement among the Chinese in South Africa Chinese House Church Movement, and the strong influence (Grant 2013:6). In this research, Hirsch’s (2006) work on its traditions and prominent leaders (e.g. Watchman Nee) have ‘apostolic genius’ – specifically his six elements of ‘apostolic had on the identity of the Chinese House Church Movement in genius’ (Hirsch 2006:78-79) – will serve as dialogue partner, South Africa (Grant 2013:5). As part of this research the history assisting the researchers’ understanding and classification of the church movement in China, specifically the growth of the of the Chinese House Church Movement (Grant 2013:4). The Chinese church from a struggling movement to a vibrant ‘Jesus researcher will answer the research question: Is the ‘Jesus People’ Movement, was done using literature study. People’ phenomenon of the Chinese House Church Movement in China being reproduced in the Chinese house churches of The DNA of a ‘Jesus People’ Movement South Africa? According to Hirsch (2006) in The Forgotten Ways, there are Further context is given to the South African Chinese House six elements that make up missional DNA (mDNA1), and every Church Movement in two ways: 1) by exploring it against church has this mDNA – the difference between churches the background of the explosion of Christian churches in China, and 2) by giving a brief history of Christianity being that it can be fully expressed or partially expressed. in China. The research has established the following The six elements are: 1) Jesus is Lord, 2) discipleship and (Grant 2013:5): there is a large diaspora community of Chinese disciple-making, 3) the missional-incarnational impulse, 4) an living in South Africa (over 350 000); this community is diverse and spread out all over the country, but does have a apostolic environment, 5) organic systems, and 6) communitas. higher population concentration in Gauteng; the community These six elements, when fully expressed, add up to what Hirsch is mainly made up of Chinese from mainland China; and there (2006:78-79) refers to as ‘apostolic genius’, and leads to a ‘Jesus are, in fact, Chinese Christian churches within this community People’ Movement. A ‘Jesus People’ Movement is a spontaneous (few and small, but vital). It is to these churches that this paper movement of a people group to Christ (Hirsch 2006:19-20). is dedicated. The mDNA serves as the reference point of the church, ‘…the life force that pulsated through the New Testament church METHODOLOGY and in other expressions of apostolic Jesus movements…’ (Hirsch 2006:77). This article is based on research done by Steve Grant (2013:10-12) (under the supervision of prof. Nelus Niemandt) as a ‘participant The business of the church should be people and their lives, observer’. The researcher was a participant-observer, as not buildings and/or programmes. Jesus made disciples and a unique set of circumstances allowed the researcher to gain instructed his disciples to do the same. Growing in faith a greater understanding of the Chinese House Church Movement and achieving your God-given potential is essential, but can in South Africa. The researcher participated in the planting only happen when we keep our focus on the centrality of the of a Chinese house church in the West Rand of Gauteng, with missional aspect of God’s programme, i.e. making disciples the help of a Chinese businesswoman. The church was mostly of Jesus. For it is only as we express the essence of the missio composed of Chinese businesspeople from the Shanghai area. Dei in our church movements that we can truly be the church. Though the researcher was the official ‘pastor’ of the church, God is the God of mission (missio Dei), it is essential to his he kept a very low leadership profile, due to a lack of fluency in very being (missio Trinitatis). For this reason, we – as followers Mandarin, as well as the desire to see what Chinese leadership of God – are also essentially missional/sent. This missional would arise if his leadership presence was minimal. Although impulse is what motivates the church to participate in God’s the researcher was thus not really involved in the leadership 1 Hirsch (2006:24-25) uses the abbreviation mDNA in his works as a of the church, his involvement did mean extensive interaction summary of core characteristics of the missional church. He says it with the Chinese participants of the church, and meetings with is a simple, intrinsic, reproducable, central guiding mechanism. It many church leaders. During this time he was also introduced recognises the organic nature of the church and the conviction that to a Chinese Brethren Church in the West Rand. The Chinese the church participates in God’s mission and is thus missional in its Brethren Church of the West Rand was used as a case study. core (DNA) (Hirsch 2006:76). For a critique of Hirsch, see Van Gelder and Zscheile (2011:79). www.koersjournal.org.za Page 3 of 6 Original Research mission… We are missional as a church, as Guder (1998:5) says, who would later become an important member of the scholars when we are sending people out. The church should always be in Peking and would have a profound effect on the Chinese sending people out into the world, incarnating the life of Jesus. court, landed in Macau in 1582 (Aikman 2003:31). The Jesuits ‘The church is called to be a dynamic movement rather than a would be expelled in 1722 (Lyall 2001:50). static institution’ (Hirsch 2006:155). Such an apostolic mind- set and environment do not limit the growth of the church, Protestant missions to the Far East started in the 19th Century, but enhances it as it directs the flow of information for optimal together with Western colonial expansion (Chan 2010:1).
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