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De L'encyclopédie Des Nuisances À La Pensée Anti-Industrielle

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De L'encyclopédie Des Nuisances À La Pensée Anti-Industrielle De l’Encyclopédie des Nuisances à la pensée anti-industrielle : retour sur la construction idéologique d’une utopie contemporaine. Aurélien Tourreilles To cite this version: Aurélien Tourreilles. De l’Encyclopédie des Nuisances à la pensée anti-industrielle : retour sur la construction idéologique d’une utopie contemporaine.. Science politique. Université de Bordeaux, 2019. Français. NNT : 2019BORD0005. tel-02146739 HAL Id: tel-02146739 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02146739 Submitted on 4 Jun 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DE DROIT (E.D. 41) SPÉCIALITÉ SCIENCE POLITIQUE Par Aurélien TOURREILLES De l’Encyclopédie des Nuisances à la pensée anti-industrielle : retour sur la construction idéologique d’une utopie contemporaine Sous la direction de : Patrick TROUDE-CHASTENET Soutenue le 11 Janvier 2019 Membres du jury : M. LAMBERT Frédéric, Professeur à Université Rennes 1, Président du jury et rapporteur Mme OLLITRAULT Sylvie, Directrice de Recherche au CNRS-Sciences Po Rennes, rapporteur M. JARRIGE François, Maître de conférences à Université de Bourgogne, examinateur Mme BLANC-NOEL Nathalie, Maître de conférences à Université de Bordeaux, examinateur M. TROUDE-CHASTENET Patrick, Professeur à Université de Bordeaux, directeur de thèse Titre : De l’Encyclopédie des Nuisances à la pensée anti-industrielle : retour sur la construction idéologique d’une utopie contemporaine Résumé : Notre thèse s’intéresse à la construction idéologique d’une pensée politique révolutionnaire qui apparaît en France au début des années 1980. Ce travail est le fruit de notre volonté de comprendre, au sens wébérien du terme, à la fois ce qui a motivé les penseurs de l’Encyclopédie des Nuisances à faire un état des lieux de la critique sociale de cette époque, et l’évolution idéologique qui a permis le développement d’une mouvance anti-industrielle au début du XXIe siècle. Le manifeste anti-industriel viendra, en 2010, concrétiser la naissance de cette mouvance. Notre hypothèse de travail est que la naissance de cette utopie contemporaine est la résultante de deux facteurs déterminants : la déception d’une partie des militants de Mai 1968 et le sentiment d’urgence face au perfectionnement du monde industriel par l’intermédiaire de l’énergie nucléaire et des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication. Nous défendrons la thèse selon laquelle ces différentes évolutions se prêtaient à l’émergence d’une utopie contemporaine se proposant de réadapter la critique sociale aux nouvelles conditions de vie des individus. Notre utilisation du concept d’utopie s’inspire directement du travail de Paul Ricœur. Ainsi, chaque phase historique se caractérise nécessairement, selon nous, par l’apparition d’un discours utopique s’attachant à contester l’idéologie dominante. Mots clés : Anti-industrialisme ; Encyclopédie des Nuisances ; Jaime Semprun ; René Riesel ; Miguel Amoròs ; Révolution ; Réappropriation du territoire ; Utopie ; Critique anti-techniciste ; Ecologisme ; Pensée libertaire ; Marxisme ; Totalitarisme. Title: From the “Encylopédie des Nuisances” to the “anti-industrial” thought: a study of the ideological construction of a contemporary utopian vision Abstract: This PhD thesis aims at understanding the ideological construction of a revolutionary political thought that emerged in France during the 1980s. This work is the result of our will to understand – in the Weberian sense of the term – not only what motivated the thinkers of the “Encyclopédie des Nuisances” to initiate a situational analysis of the social critique of the time, but also the ideological evolution that permitted the development of an anti-industrialist movement at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The movement has appeared thanks to the anti-industrialist manifesto published in 2010. Our hypothesis is that the birth of these particular contemporary utopian views is the result of two decisive factors: on the one hand, the disappointment of some activists towards the May 1968 events in France; and on the other hand, the sense of urgency concerning the sophistication of the industrial world through nuclear power, and the new information and communication technology. We argue that these different evolutions seem to lean towards the creation of a contemporary utopian thought offering to readjust the social critique to the new living standards of individuals. Our use of the concept of utopia is taken from the works of Paul Ricœur. And hence, we think that each historical phase is characterized by the appearance of a utopian discourse devoted to criticize the dominant ideology. Keywords : Anti-industrialism ; Encyclopédie des Nuisances ; Jaime Semprun ; René Riesel ; Miguel Amoròs ; Revolution ; Territory’s reappropriation ; Utopian vision ; Anti-technical criticism ; Ecologism ; Anarchy ; Marxism ; Totalitarianism. Unité de Recherche Institut de Recherches Montesquieu (IRM-CMRP) – EA 7434 IRM PAC Pessac, 16 avenue Léon Duguit CS 50057, 33608 Pessac cedex 2 Remerciements Je tiens à remercier en premier lieu mon directeur de thèse, M. Patrick Troude-Chastenet, pour la confiance qu’il m’a accordée et la grande liberté avec laquelle il m’a laissé conduire mon travail. Je tiens également à exprimer ma gratitude à toute l’équipe du Centre Montesquieu de Recherches Politiques (CMRP). Merci à tous les enseignants de cette entité qui ont participé, de près ou de loin, à l’élaboration de ce travail de recherche. Un grand merci à Carole qui n’a jamais manqué une occasion de m’aider avec la bienveillance et la bonne humeur qui la caractérisent. Surtout, un grand merci à Thierry, collègue et ami, sans qui cette thèse ne serait jamais allée à son terme. J’aimerais également remercier l’ensemble des doctorants du CMRP. Vos remarques, conseils et recommandations ont également participé à l’élaboration de cette thèse. Merci à tous de m’avoir permis de travailler dans une ambiance à la fois studieuse et chaleureuse. Je remercie particulièrement ceux qui sont mes compagnons de galère depuis le début de ce périple : Eric, Clémence, Roman, Adrien et Matthieu. Un grand merci à Sven et Nanou qui ont parfois quitté notre Bretagne bien aimée pour me changer les idées et pour me libérer, l’espace d’un weekend, des impératifs de la thèse. Merci à ma grande sœur de m’avoir montré la voie en menant à son terme un brillant travail de recherche. Merci à mon frère de m’avoir régulièrement rendu visite le weekend. Un grand merci à tous les deux d’être les exemples dont je peux chaque jour m’inspirer. Je tiens également à remercier ma compagne, Mathilde, pour le soutien qu’elle m’a quotidiennement apporté. Merci pour ton précieux travail de relecture qui a permis à cette thèse de voir le jour. Surtout, je te remercie d’être la formidable personne qui a illuminé ces trois dernières années de ma vie. La fin de cette thèse nous pousse vers de nouvelles aventures qu’il me tarde de vivre à tes côtés. Enfin, il m’est impossible de ne pas dédier l’intégralité de ce travail à mes parents. Merci de m’avoir permis d’entreprendre ce projet et de n’avoir jamais douté de ma capacité à le mener à son terme. Votre soutien durant ces longues années a été fondamental. 3 4 Sommaire INTRODUCTION GENERALE .............................................................................................................................. 7 PRESENTATION DE L’OBJET D’ETUDE « UTOPIE ANTI-INDUSTRIELLE » ................................................................................. 8 Retour sur le concept d’utopie ....................................................................................................................... 8 Présentation de la pensée anti-industrielle ................................................................................................. 12 Retour sur le concept d’industrialisme ........................................................................................................ 16 CONSTRUCTION DE LA PROBLEMATIQUE ..................................................................................................................... 17 Enigme de recherche ................................................................................................................................... 17 La conception d’une grille d’analyse intégrant l’utopie ............................................................................... 19 Hypothèse de travail .................................................................................................................................... 22 Problématique et thèse dans la thèse.......................................................................................................... 22 CADRE THEORIQUE ................................................................................................................................................ 24 ANNONCE DU PLAN ...............................................................................................................................................
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