Vol 3, No.8 Numismatic Art of Antiquity AUGUST 1989 $1 .25

Mini-series of the ancients Kings of Cappadocia struck independent coinage

by Barry J. Yarkon 50.000 sheep. and 2.000 mules, each Capp~ocia was an ancient kingdom year. in me eastern central region of Asia Minor. It was located on a rugged, The Line of Succession isolated tract of tableland with extreme Although their kings became temperatures and poor crops. Asia Hellenized, the isolated peasantry Minor never came totally under the continued to prefer ancient ways. Their control of Alexander the Great nor of the lives centered on the village and on the PONTUS Seleucid Empire because of irs difficuh routine of serfdom. Their language and Comana .;r:oq;. terrain, which allowed the northern and customs resisted the encroachment of central regions of the peninsula to exist the Greek tongue and ways, well into GA~TlA ~ '!r" ~ AAMENIA as independent states for a time. the Toman period. PHAYGIA ... - ,# ~ ·Mazaca 9:~ Cappadocia is imponant to thi s There were two main Cappadocian collector of ancient Judean coinage, as a dynasties: the Ariarathid, c. 330 BCE, CAPPADOCIA ~ ..<- ·i· <>~ • northwestern neighbor and buffer state and that of their successors, founded by ~.. t-: tf to Judaea (originall y, Judah and Ariobarzanes I, c. 95 BCE. The cP .", ~ Samaria). These interesting monarchs historical accounts and attribution of the ~'b.. of Cappadocia were not Greek by origin, coins is a bit confusing due to the 'AnUoch ia 0)- rather. they adopted Greek lifestyles and common reuse of such dynastic names SYRIA "'~'''~ ..,~...... sponsored Hellenistic institutions. as Ariarathes/Ariobarzanes (as those of ~. • Emesa ~ Cappadocian alliances. wars, commerce Mithradates and Seleucus, for ex-ample). ..• and bloodlines were intimately -<>. The author has tried to include full ·ehalcls ., intermingled with those of neighboring names and regnal periods throughout 'Damascus countries: ' Pergamum. Bithynia. tlfis article. Some of the historical Galatia, Ponbls, Cilicia. Armenia, Syria datings of this series also remain - and, ultimately. with Rome. problematic and vary between sources, The Persian governors who ruled refer to Table 1. • Cappadocia before the e:a:pedition of _All in aU the two dynasties lasted for Alexander do not appear to have struck about 350 years, from the end of the coins -- with .the possible exception of Fourth Century (B.C.E.) until the the satrap Datames (c. 362 BCE). beginning of Ihe First Century of the Cappadocia seems never to have Common Era (C.E.). This was a time benefited from Persian influence. The of intense and important events that Royal Road of Darius I. King of Persia shaped the destiny of the peninsula and Aelia Capitolina colony (c. 521-486 BCE), which connected his the entire near eastern world. capital, Susa, to Sardis (a distance of Decline of the Persian empire. the 1,677 miles). brought no prosperity to interlude. and then the Roman invasion important under Hadrian this land of high rocky soil, grazed by of the East are historical periods which wild asses. Cappadocian tribute to the Court at Susa inc!uded: 1,500 horses, Please tum to page XXII by Colin Pitcbfork "At Jerusalem hefountkd a city in place Dio Cassius, a governor of Cilicia of the one which had bun raised to tM and Dalmatia and a Consul of Rome in ground, naming it Aetia Capitotina, and 229 A.D .• wrote a history of Rome on the site of the temPle of the god he from its beginnings to 229 A.D .• a rajsed a new temple to Jupiter. This project taking twelve years. His ponion brought on a war of no slight Miscellanea • • • • on the reign of Hadrian is probably importance nor of brief duration. For based on the lost autobiography of the Jews regarded it as a horrible outrage Hadrian. He is generally regarded as that foreigners should settle in their city • New" Ancients" section at ANA being very reliable and to the point. and thai temples for strange gods should The will be American Numismatic Association holding its annual His clear statement, although written in be built on il. .. 1 convention on August 9-13 at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The event will take Greek, tells of the beginning of this city place at the David L. lawrence Convention Center. For the first time, the as a colony during Hadrian's rule and the Aelia Capitolina could only have ANA has grouped ancient and foreign dealers together in one specialized area. subsequent events following its been founded by Hadrian in the pre-war foundation: Please tum to page XXIIII • Journey into antiquity offered The Archaeologicallnstibl1e of America is offering a guided tour of Egypt. INSIDE r" .... led by renowned Egyptologists Dr. Leonard H. Lesko and Barbara S. Lesko. 8..Om ,. Following a customized itinerary, some of the stops on the tour include the THE CELATOR: ;~~ village of Ihe tomb builders of the pharaohs, the temples of Ramses n and ill -X~ at Luxor, and the temples of Kalabsha and Pbilae near Aswan. Also included !!l~o are visits to ongoing excavations and expedition houses. A cruise on the Nile ","'~ aboard the riverboat Ckopalra and toUrs of Cairo are feature attractions. 'The Point of View II Ill"' journey takes place from October 22 to November 23. 1989. For rates and Book News 1111 infonnation. contact the AIA at 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA People VI 02215. Market XII Calendar XXV ~'" • ANS journal is renamed H-" Coin File XX .. ~ 'The name of the American Numismatic Society's annual journal. American • 0 Trivia , XX r- Numisnuuic Society Museum Notes, which was created in 1945, has been ~ii! changed with the 1989 issue. The new title, American Journal of Prof. Directory XXXII -~] NumismaJics, will be reflected in Volume 1. Second Series, to be released at Classifieds XXXIlIl ~~ the end of the year. w~ ~. ~ II The Celiltor 7he Celolor S :F} Letters to the Editor ~ ~ ~ Dear Editor: condition of various coin types in a hoard, what already known types are Point of View ••• I have noticed that many of the also in the hoard, and correlation of Letters which have appeared in this hoard evidence with ancient historical Commentary by Wayne G. Sayles column are very complimentary; texts are instrumental in making such however, it was not until I had the evaluations. opportunity to meet with and to work n June, we took advantage of Some tend to imagine that the with its PublishertEditor that I realized Fred B. Shore this space to chat a little about ancients themselves knew little about they are right on the mark! Wayne, The Pennsylvania I collecting and the coin market. the coins circulating around them. How Celator is excellent in every way. That discussion centered mainly on the we can credit the genius of their designs From its interesting and informative ••••• current conditions affecting our hobby. and fail to credit the connoirseurship of contents to its painstakingly crafted Although we think often about the their patrons is a mystery. Even a preparation, your periodical is flfSt rate. I enjoy your publication and think that it adds a lot to the hobby. I do history of a particular coin, or the superficial examination of coin motifs The consistency of your editorial culture within which it was struck, we from widely separated areas should serve point-of-view and sharp eye for the however have two comments: seldom find commentary about the to convince the skeptical that artists bettennent of all concerned with ancient I think that most of your articles are good, to history of collecting itself. shared their knowledge and patrons numismatic art, these make The CelaJor quite but I object the sort "so­ and-so has issued a new price list." I During a recent trip to a major appreciated merit wherever they found it worthy of the support obviously being convention, we engaged in a discussion Aristotle demonstrated a keen awareness shown by its readers, contributors and think this is giving free advertising to of the latter variety with a prominent of coinage from foreign lands as he advertisers. You fill the niche with some of the companies. Is this a good numismatist who flatly denied the explained the purpose of the god both wisdom and integrity. Keep up the prnctice? existence of coin collections prior to the Ammon and silphion on the coins of good work. Secondly, I realize that the classical Renaissance. No amount of reasoning, Kyrene. the peculiar denominations of dipthong R is often written in vulgar Latin as Co but your name in proper evidence or rationale could convince this Syracusa"l issues. and a variety of Barry Yarkon notable and highly respected person that numismatic weight correlations. New York Latin would be (from ke.& ~ "the coin collections existed in earlier times. There are several references by Hider" or "the Concealer." Is there This is not an isolated view, in fact, ancient authors which indicate an ••••• something here we should know about? many scholars have given credit for the interest in the collecting or accum­ first collection of ancient coins to the ulating of coins and gems, especially I am writiing in response to Mr. Winthrop Dahl 14th century Italian humanist Francesco from distant lands. Julius Caesar and Silverman's letter to the editor in your New Hampshire Petrarch. Augustus were among those noted as last issue of The Celator. The letter (No. ) requested information on distinquishing between Parthian drachms of Arsaces I 'This pastime has existed for over 2000 years . .. and Arsaces II. After speaking to Mr. ••••• Silverman at a recent show, I found that his question not only concerned the I do enjoy your paper - which I pass on to my kids high school Latin and The collecting of ancient coins is having a fondness for such things. attribution, but also how the attribution Hebrew classes. I'm just a novice really nothing more than a variety of art One could easily dedicate a lifetime was detennined. collector and find it fun to see what collecting. It is a pastime which has simply to studying the history of According to SeUwood's Coinage of people "with money" can buy. And I'm amused the more or less cultured for collecting coins. It is a subject that, Parthia. referring to the reverses of the a little in awe of their knowledge. millenia. Joseph Alsop, in The Rare like a good mystery, leads one deeper boMet-head drachms of types 1 through My main interest is in Art Traditions, a work which I have and deeper into the matrix of the 6, coins of Arsaces I have either the macrophotography of artifacts and I've often quoted and think very highly of, unknown. Why would the grave of an word Autocrator or an Aramaic always thought you do a great printing sees collecting as a primeval activity. Angle chieftain yield a pendant bearing a inscription while coins of Arsaces II job. Man, according to Alsop, collected as a coin of Augustus? Why would a 6th have an eagle or an A monogram (in natural instinct long before the dawning addition to the name Arsaces which century Merovingian necklace display Lois Sakolsky of the historical period. True art appears on all types 1-6). seven different gold coins from the Pennsylvania collecting, he claims, evolved in the reigns of Honorius through Justin I ? Although there has, through the fourth and third centuries BC. Why would a 10th century illuminated years, been great difficulty and As for the collecting of coins, specif­ manuscript be bordered with illus­ disagreement regarding attributions of (Contrary to popular opinion, one need icaUy those which we now consider trations of ancient coins? Parthian coins mainly due to the fact not spend a lot of money to build an ancient; we fmd ample evidence both in that individual king names do not appear . interesting and educational collection. literature and in the archaeological record We may not have definite answers to on the coins, any questions have been The most scholarly collections are often that this pastime has existed for over these questions, but we can surmise that cleared up by Me. Sellwood in his assembled with the least investment. two thousand years. There is hardly the feeling we get when holding a coin books. Mr. Sellwood is a distinquished The trick is to find an area that only .l2J! space here to fully argue the assertion, from antiquity is a feeling that others and careful numismatic researcher and I are the expert in. Then, look through however a few "points of light" may be before us have enjoyed as much as use his attributions exclusively. tluJusands of coins for those elusive offered in defence. ourselves. The majority of Arsaces I and rarities. It probably won't be a The view that Petrarch formulated the Arsaces II drachms come from a hoard showcase collection, but it will first collection of ancients is wholly We will be at the ANA convention discovered in 1968. Dating and certainly be UlIique and satisfying.) misguided. We find documentation of a in Pittsburgh and hope to see some of assigning kings to Parthian coins or any formal collection of ancients nearly a you there. Until then keep the faith and ancients to which there was previous ***.* hundred years earlier (1274 AD) in a keep sending those letters sharing with doubt is determined mainly through manuscript titled Thesaurus Magnus in us your point of view! hoard evidence. Such factors as relative In the July issue I greatly enjoyed Medalis Auri Optimi which detailed the Larry McKinney's article on Seleucid collecting of ancient coins at a history and coinage, it was very monastery in Padua. While it is interesting and well written. I hope we certainly true that numismatics, as a Deadline for the September see more by him. science, is a post renaissance phenomenon, the allure of coins as issue is Friday, August 11 Ron Kollgaard works of art and geographic curiosities Pennsylvanio. dates to a much earlier era. We tend to think of coin collecting as an activity *.*.* which requires fastidious cataloguing and analysis. That view is distinctly Thank you for producing such a modem and even the Renaissance wonderful, informative pUblication. I Humanists would scarcely have Postmaster: send address changes to: look forward every month to its arrival. understood its principles or motivation. P.O. Box 123, Ladi, WI 53555 In earlier times, coins were simply Phone (608) 592-4684 John & Margaret Graff collected for their intrigue and beauty. The CelatOf is an independent newspaper published on the first day of each month at 10905 New York Archaeological finds at Gordian, in Hwy V, ladi, WI. It Is circulated internationally through subscriptions and special central Turkey, and at Vitry in distributions. Subscription ret.,. are $15 per year (second class) within Ihe United States; Switzerland, as well as an accidental $20 per year to Canada, $40 per year 10 European addresses (Air Printed Matter), $48 per hoard find in Afghanistan have brought year to Asia - Africa - Pacific addresses. Advertising and copy deadline is the second You don't want to to light some fascinating accumulations Friday of each month. Unsolicited articles and news releases are welcome, however publication cannot be guaranteed. Second class postage, pennit pending, lodi, WI 53555. of coinage that could hardly be called miss even one Copyright e 1989, Clio's cabinet. anything but purposeful collections. In all three of these cases, groups of coins Wayne G. Sayles ...... •.. •• • Publisher/Editor issue of were found where no two pieces were of Janet Sayles •..•• • , .• • •..• ..Office Manager The Celator the same type. Most, in fact, were from Steven Sayles .•.... , •••••••.Production Asst. very widely separated areas and periods Christine Olson •.....•...... Dlstribution Asst. Subscribe todayl with absolutely 110 logical connection. The Celator August 1989 .111

Ancient, Foreign and United States Coins

to be sold on September 7th, 1989 at 10 am and 2 pm in our galleries

at 502 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022 Public viewing will be held on September 5th and 6th Catalogues are available for $10 by mail from Christie's Publications, 21-24 44th Avenue, Long Island City, NY 11101 Now accepting consignments of fine Greek, Roman and Byzantine Coins for our December numismatic auction. For further information, contact James Lamb or Amy Corcoran at 212/546-1057

CHRISTIE'S NEW YORK 1111 The Celator August 1989

Arclratological Clremiftry IV, knowledge of the past. That knowledge Chrysocolla?" - A critical analysis of as Thin-Layer Chromatography and Gas Ralpb O. Allen editor. has grown significantly in recent years paragraphs from Pliny the Elder relating Chromatography-mass spectrometry. Publisbed by American due to the extraordinary advances in to the mysterious substance. A wealth Chemical Society, Distribution technology within this field. The key of information about ancient gold­ Archaeological CMmistry IV is one orrice at Dept. 390, 1155 to understanding remnants from the smithing. of the most informative, timely, and Sixteenth St. NW, Washington, past, Allen points out, is in proper • "Carbon Dating the Shroud of understandable technical works on the ft D.C. 20036. Telepbone orders interpretation of the material excavated. Turin - A review of recent market. In addition to being very well witb charge card call (800) That. essentially, is what this book is improvements in the carbon dating illustrated with photos, maps, charts, ACS-5558. 1989, 508 pages all about. method, with results of the test tables, and outstanding graphics including charts, tables, illus­ One of the most obvious uses of performed on the famous Shroud of throughout, the production quality is trations, and index. Clothbound Chemical analysis is in the detection of Turin in 1988. superb. It seems to have something of $89.95 in U.S. & Canada; forgeries. Sections of this work address • "Residues and Linings in Ancient interest and relevance for students of all H $107.95 export. such subtleties ~ brazing compounds Mediterranean Transport Amphoras - cultures and periods. We highly used in ancient jewelry, composition of Vessels' contents are examined and recommend this publication to the more This work was developed from a pigments and enamels used in ancient identified by the use of processes known advanced antiquarian or numismatist. symposium sponsored by the Division and medieval art, and the sources of both of the History of Chemistry at the 193rd organic and inorganic materials used to Meeting of the American Chemical perfect the technique of ancient artists. A Handbook of Papal COillS , into two main AC(ctions, Medieval Society in Denver, Colorado, April 5- Of the 27 chapters presented. a few of Jobn Carlin Ryan. Publisbed coinage from 1268 AD to 1431 AD and 10, 1987. It is a highly technical but particular interest to antiquarians by tbe autbor, 1989, 81 pages Early Renaissance coinage from 1431 fascinating compilation of articles about include: illustrated, plus 6 plates. AD to IS34 AD. In addition to listing very specific subjects. Frankly, the "fog • "Archaeological Implications of Sortbound, $27.00 postpaid coins from these periods, John Ryan has count" (percentage of multi-syllable Differences in the ~position of Nile througb Papal Handbook, P.O. provided an overview of Papal activity words) is rather high. never-me-less, the Sediments" - An analysis of sedimentary Box 44052, Wasbington D.C., in monetary affairs as far back as the 6th breadth and depth of information deposits which may be useful in 20026-4052. Hardbound $42.50 century. Such subjects as mints, presented in mis volume is awe­ attributing and authenticating pottery in U.S., Sole distributor ror exchange rates, art and history are treated inspiring. If you are intimidated by from Egypt bard bounds (only 24 available) as well. • "Heated Mineral Mixtures Related such processes as Accelerator mass is Victor England, P.O. Box The guide is very well illustrated to Ancient Ceramic Pastes" • The use of spectrometry (AMS), Electron spin 245, Quarryville, PA 17566- both with line drawings and 0245. resonance (ESR), or Electrothermal X-Ray diffraction enables chemists to photographs and includes a pictorial atomization (ETA) perhaps this is a determine the original paste comp­ More than a catalogue of types, this grading guide which is quite usefuL little heavy reading. On the other hand, osition and firing temperatures used in work is a fascinating history of Papal Technically, the work is very well this is me antiquarians answer to Buck ancient pottery production. numismatics. It explores a vastly organized and professionally produced. Rogers. • "Chemical composition of Copper­ under-appreciated (although hardly The softcover edition is perfect bound, Based Coins of the Roman Republic, Editor Ralph Allen notes in his inexpensive:) series that contains within expertly typeset, and printed on qUality 217·31 B.C." • A thorough analysis of preface that the application of chemical it all of the ingredients essential to stock. A Handbook of Popol Coins fills composition and microstructure of coins techniques to the study of archaeological popular collecting. a pressing need for the English language from this period. with some insightful materials has brought chemists, Listings in the handbook are divided reader and collectoc of this series. archaeologists, anthropologists, and conclusions. historians together to enhance our • "Ancient Gold Solders: What Was Coins of Amphipolis treated in new corpus The Macedonian city of Amphipolis policies of Philip of Macedon and the BOOKS"" produced one of the most celebrated chronologies of a number of con­ artistic coinages of the Greek: world, temporary northern coinages are also bearing an ever-varied facing head of discussed. The Amphipolitan tetra­ KLAWANS, R.adlng & Oallng Roman Imp.rlal Coin., Apollo on the obverse, but the series as drachm series is subject to a detail~ . Hardback ed~ion. ..•...... •..••••.•• .•.•...... $1 3.00 a whole has never before been adequately artistic analysis. Other topics include,' published. An important new corpus, the influence of major artworks-; MAY, n. Coln.ge of Abd•• , 298p. + 24 pI. OP ...... $19.00 by Catharine C. Lorber, is based on a production techniques, stylistic study begun by Willy Schwabacher half development, motifs, and attribution of Numl.matlc Chronic". (RNS) 1979, 300p. + 34 pI. OP •••••••••. $1 9.00 a century ago. Amphipolis, The Civic dies to individual engravers. The work SEAR, Greet Coin. &: Their V.'ues, Vol. I, Europe, Coinage in Silver and Gold, records over is amply illustrated. 3395 coins ...... $45.00 100 tetradrachms and more than ISO silver fractions of Amphipolis, with all The expected publication date is SEAR, Gr•• k Coin. & Th.lr Va/u ••, Vol. II, Asia & Africa, die combinations illustrated. There is a autumn, 1989. The price after over 4500 coins. 2000 photos, indexes...... $45.00 separate listing of forgeries. publication wit.! be $87.50, but a A historical background draws upon prepaid sub~on price of $78.7S is SEAR, Ronun Coin. &: Their V.'ues, archaeological excavations of the city being offered by Numismatic Fine Arts 388p., 900 photos +12 pI ....•.....••. _ •.. __ •.... _ .... _ ... _ ... _ ...•. _ ... _ .... _ .... $ 5 2.50 site and recent studies of the religious For informatlon write, NFA, 10100 life of Greek colonies. AU relevant Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, CA SELLWOOD, Introduction to ParthIan CoIn., hoards are surveyed. The monetary 90067. 322p. + 10 pl ..•...... •...... $2 •. 00

SUTHERLAND, The CI.fophorl of Augu.tue, 134p. + 36 pl. OP•••••••.•••.•••.••.••.••.•.•••••••.•••...••...... $24. 00 New from Chrysopylon Publishers SUTHERLAND, Roman Coin., 572 photos, 63 in color. OP.....••...•....•.•... ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• .. $125.00 ANCIENT GREEK BRONZE COINS WILUAMS, The SlIv.r Colnap of Ih. Phoklllns, 138p. + 16 pl .••••• ••• •••• •••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• $1 •. 00 OF EUROPEAN MINTS From the Lind&n:n Collection WRITE FOR FREE: By Henry Clay Lindpen, PhD. • Catalog of quality coins. Listing 1850 coins issued by mints ranging from Spain to the: Aegean Islands . • Barrain Box Catalog. Each coin is illustrated, attributed, described, and indexed. Typeset, • Book Catalogs. with facing te:n and platts. 200 pages including 89 platts, hardbound. ~~ ISBN 09615640· 1·6. LCl88·063827. i Available May 1989. Cost is $75.00. A booklet of Estimated Values is available for $5.00.

Order from.: Numianatk FiDe Arb, Ine. European orden 00; Spink 6:: Son LId. 10100 Santa Monica Blvd. 5,6, 8t 7 ICinl Strut St. James THOMAS P. MCKENNA Sinh 1'100< London SW 1 Y 6Qs Los Angeb, CA 90212 P.O. Box 13S6F - Fort Collins, CO 80522 Td: (213) 182·7S01 303·226·5704 .. August 1989 v Numismatic Fine Arts NTERNAT o N A L N C CURRENTLY ACCEPTING CONSIGNMENTS One of the most respected names in ancient numismatics, NFA has consistently achieved the highest prices for coins sold both privately and through auction. Our complete access to the international market assures your coins the most effective exposure and consequently exceptional prices.

Brutus aureus Auction XXII, [a t 23 Estimate: $ 100,000·1 25,000 Price realized: $210,000 3: 1 Enlargement

Amphipolis AR telradrachm Alexander of Carthage AV aureus Auclion XXII , 101250 Auction XXII, lot 126 Estimate: 5100,000 + Eslimate: $1 00,000 + Price reali zed: $150,000 Price realized: $2 10.000 2: I Enlargement 3: 1 Enlargement

Augustus AV aureus Auction XXII , lot 28 Estimate: $25,000·30,000 Price realized: $70,000 3: I Enlargement

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NEW FINDS.... Ten students to graduate from numismatic seminar

Ten students will be graduating Dornaszewicz,. University of California, August 12 from the 37th Annual Berkeley. There Is in my collection a sliver denarius 01 SabIna, RIC Graduate Seminar in Numismatics. Dr. Gnnther Dembski of the 3918. The S of SABINA In !he obYetselegend has been hosted by the American Numismatic Bundessammlung von Medaiilen, placed below the tail 01 the queue with ABINA on the Society at the ANS museum in New MUnzeR, and the Geldzeichen. olher side (see the .kKI9lssue of The C9lator lor a similar York. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, legend placement error on a sestortius of Hackian as reported by Dennis Kroh) . I have two possible explanations as to Ihe pIao9menl of the The graduating students are: Mary Austria, is the visiting scholar. Dr. S. One explanation might be that the tie engraver Ihrough a mental lapse or perhaps his C. Stieber. Princeton University; Dembski specializes in Celtic and untamilar1\y with latin letters may have picked up the A pooch instead ot the 5 punch. He Bradley A Skeen, University of Roman coinage. may have continued a letter Of two before realizing his BITO(. By then it would have been Minnesota; Faith Ford Sandstrom, Fred. S. Kleiner, Eric P. Newman, to lato 10 oorrect the error. He then added the S below the queue, thus saving this de. Brown University; Lee Ann Riccanli, Peter Northover. Guilford and Leslie Another possible explanation may be !hat the ancient die engl'8V9r may have purposely Boston University; Christopher Beer Tobey, Jennifer Shc;ri~ andHyla placed the S below the queue thinking he had room to continue the other lettering. He Edmundson Miele. New York Troxell will also be addressing the may have then realized the extra length of the queue prevented him proper placement of the A. Having no choice he placed the other letters above the queue. Starting as low as University; George Fredric Franko and students about topics associated with this Celator did seems kl be an error In Judgement, as this is a very short legend. There Tayeb Yehya EI.Hibri, Columbia numismatic methodology. The would have been plenty 01 room for the placement 01 SABINA as other coins with this University; Maria Ana da Camara and seminar, which began on June 13, is legend show. I believe this variety to be scarce as I have not seen another either in DanieUe Anne Parks, University of directed by ANS Chief Cw'atIX William dealers trays or offered through price ~sts or auction catalogues. This variety is not Missouri, Columbia; and Lidia Maria E. Metcalf. mentioned In 8MC or AIC. I &hate this with your readers hoping It 01some interest, and 10 &nClQI;rage oilers 10 take a closer look at their collections and report fleIr finds . Thomas R. Walsh ONS updates members New York on items of importance The Orient8J Numismatic Society'S newsletter is an exhibition entitled Dr. Hubert Lanz recently published Newsletter No. 118, "Maharajas & Indian Princely States NUMISMATIK Luitpoldblock reported that Venetia Porter has been beyond count. The Robbins collection Maximiliansplatz 10 appointed to the post of Curator of of Fiscal Philately: It will be held D-SOOO MUochen 2 Islamic coins at the British Museum. from October 3n1 through De

For information about the sale write to Empire Coins, 801 W. Granada Blvd. Guide to Biblical Coins Suite 305, Ormond Beach, FL 32114. by David Hendin Dennis Kroh Hardcover, 224 pagss. 16 pages plates. values. cleaning coins, detecting

forge ries. muc::h mOfe. Personaay autographed $35.00

"Fascinating and in(ormafive._"-~N.Y. Times "Sbould be a part or your library'" WHOLESALE TO ALL! i~'~ --lyblicaJ Archaeologrl~evjew . ;» .. : "Indispensable ...Belongs ,,'olf every seriOUs colleetorfs bookShelf." - The :'CeZ;Hor 100 ancient coins in flips and attributed. A diverse lot including Nero, Caesar Augustus, Alexander the Great, "We wrote the book on Biblical coins/" Biblical "Widow's Mite", etc. Only $475.00 postpaid, with satisfaction guaranteed! ASK FOR our free illustrated catalog of Jewish, Biblical, Greek, Roman coins, weights and small anriquities. .£onJon Coin §oI/eries AMPHOM Mission Viejo Mall ~ ,,, P.O. Box 805 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 fjE:J ~. \r".J Nyock, NY 10960 - 914·358-7.364 1-5 at Crown Valley (714) 364-0990 The Celalor Augusl1989 VII MONTHLY FEATURES

CLASSICAL NUMISMATIC AUCTIONS, LTD. Sale VIII

Closing September 27, 1989 i

ORDER YOUR CATALOG NOW. Over 750 lots of coins. Featuring nice selections of Greek in all metals, Roman Republican - including a collection of bronzes, Roman Imperial, Byzantine, Dark Ages, Medieval European and British. This sale will feature material in price ranges for all collectors. Catalog $10.00 with prices realized.

SHOULD YOU BE SUBSCRIBING TO OUR PUBLICATIONS? &. We think so. Let us give you some reasons to subscribe On Coins and Medals, today, so that you can start enjoying everything that we have to offer you the collector. Of the many hobbies that appeal 10 a refined taste, to the mind nurtured in the love ofancienJ and modern times, and to the - You will receive all catalogs for Classical Numismat­ cultured intellect which delights in UIlTavelling the mysteries and ic Auctions, Ltd. with prices realized. ( A $40 value if the oft tangled skeins o/mythology and history, no pursuit can ordered separately). claim priorill oj interest or fascination over the study and collection of coins and medals. - You will receive six bimonthly editions of the Histori­ cal Coin Review. These are packed full of useful infor­ These small but intensely interesting and truly veracious mation, including our current coin offerings, editorial monumenlS of both ancient and medieval times place before the commentary on the state of the current market, infor­ student and collector at a glance something vividly characteristic of mation about our auctions and the whole auction mar­ the period in which they were issued· ket in general, special offerings, new book offerings, and it may be the finely chiselledfeatures of some god or goddess of much more. mythology, some long forgotten customs ofa now extinct people, or the authentic portrait of some ancient cOfUJueror of half a world. - You will receive notices on shows that we wiH be at­ tending in your area. Not only are shows a good way to All these things, therefore, appeal to the well educated and get to know your dealer; they are also an excelient op­ efUJuiring connoisseur, and if he be (as who is not these days?) a portunity to see many more coins than you would nor­ lover of art as well, then he can hardly fail to be atlracted by the mally see on just a list. well-nigh irresistible charm which attaches to ancienl coins. -1902, The Connoisseur. Volume III -You will receive invitations to the private invitational bourses - Classical Numismatic Bourse, when they For fifteen years, we have given our attention exclusively to the study, art are held in your part of the country. of collecting, and classification of ancient, medieval and British coins. Coins are purchased with the uunOSl care for authenticity and state of -Most of all you will become a part of the satisfied cus­ preservation. tomer group that consistently buys and sells their coins through Victor England and/or Classical Numismatic Our stock is replete with exquisite specimens of ancient Greek, Republican, Auctions, Ltd. Roman and Byzantine coins in all metals. Medieval and British hammered arc only inventoried in top condition, A subscription is one of the best values around. Subscribe today. All who are interested in the subject of classical numismatics are invited to communicate with the offices of Victor England. Infonnation and advice on ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION $30.00 the fonnation of a cabinet of coins. or the fonnation of a specialized (Overseas $40) collection will be gladly given. Inspection of coins is invited. A sample issue upon request.

Ordering and Subscription Information: All coins are guaranteed genuine and as described. Seven 4ay return for any reason. 'Postage is added to aU bills. Under $200 add $3. Over $200 add $5. Payment by check or VISAlMe. Send all raised information. Subscriptions are available to all our publications. In the US $30. Overseas $40. This includes Auctions and all flxed price lists. A free copy of our monthly list is available upon request Thank you. Office hours are from 9:30 AM - 4 PM Monday - Friday. VICTOR ENGLAND Box 245, Quarryville, PA 17566-0245, (717) 786-4013 VIII The Celator August 1989 Storing antiquities Humidity causes serious problems if unchecked

by David Liebert felt that there might be. many readers antiquities which appear on the market cabinets are not mandatory but they sure I would rust like to apologize to my who have a similar problem with their today come from arid lands where the help. I will never forget the time years ' readers for the lack of an article in the growing collection of antiquities. I dry climate served to preserve them. ago that my then 2 year old son picked July issue. One was written, but for would therefore like to try this month to Excessive exposure to moisture can up a "ball" I had carelessly left in reach some reason known only to the U.S. outline two of the most important rules , cause serious problems particularly with and threw it across the room thus Post office was not delivered in time to : I have evolved over the years, through bronze which can break out in difficult desttoying a 2000 year old Greek pottery meet the deadline. In any event Pat i often painful experience, regarding the to treat bronze disease. Similarly, pomegranate vessel. Remler provided us all with an excellent display and storage of antiquities. pottery may begin to leach salts which overview of Luristan bronzes so all was Please excuse the personal deteriorate the surface and are unsightly But don't be so quick to put all the blame on Jr. or rovet. I have seen Rot lost I am also indebted to Mr. AJ. reminiscences but shared experience is as well. Stone may begin to exfoliate adults break antiquities through Cummins letter in that issue. for the often an excel1ent teacher. its outer surface as will some wood, a thoughtless handling as well. Never theme of this months article. As you The most important rule to follow in light coat of krilon spray available in art pick up an ancient object by the handle, may recall he wrote in July requesting the storage of antiquities is Never keep stores may help in mild cases. If any of ear, nose, spout or other protuberance. information on storing ancient coins. I them in a damp environment. Most these things should happen to your They have a remarkable tendency to artifacts however, you would do well to break off when you least expect it. consult a professional conservator for Always cup one hand beneath the object remedial treatment rather than relying on and hold firmly with the other hand bome remedies. while moving. Carrying more than one If you live in the desert don't worry object at a time is a definite No-No. Jean about protective measures, but if like When choosing a place of storage and most of us you Jive in a humid climate display, try not to suspend heavy the answer is usually Silica Gel. Yes objects where they can fall and break t those little packages of crystals you fmd elements of your collection. You would ELSEN, S.A. when you open a new VCR or other be amazed how many pictures, and the electtonic device will also protect your like, fall off peoples walls "for no valuable antiquities from moisture if apparent reason". Collectors who reside • Public Auctions placed near-by. You can also obtain it near fault lines should take particular • Numismatic Literature in quantity from large drug stores and note of this rule. • Monthly Illustrated Price Lists chemical supply houses. If you have a Needless to say antiquities should be .. Ancient, Medieval, Islamic and Modern Coins , ".. . really serious problem as we did one sununer then an electtonic dehumidifier stored in such a way that they will be might be a wise investment. protected from falling themselves. A Avenue de Tervueren 65, Bte 1 The second most important rule is good base is not only an enhancement think: ahead to avoid ;¥;cjdent,s. Yes, one to a piece's beauty, it is insurance 1040 BRUSSELS-BELGIUM of the most common fonns of damage against damage as well. All this not ".,\M~',(' to ancient art is simple breakage - much withstanding antiquities are really rather Tel: 011-322-734-6356 f/"JI of which could usually have been rugged objects. They have already lasted avoided with forethought. thousands of years and with a bit of Young children and household pets common sense and care they will ...... can be hazardous to your collection, provide the world with pleasure for - keep it out of reach. Solid locked many more. coins reveal The Philistine Time Machine Company history of ancient Gaza is always eager to aid beginning collectors wffh moderately by Howard Kogen priced coins and antiquities. Call David Liebert direct Of all the world's regional and ethnic to discuss your interests and needs. conflicts, none have a longer legacy than the 3000 years of friction between the Jews and the Gazans. From the Biblical sagas of Sampson and Delilah, and David and Goliath, to the present Intifada, Gaza, the ancient Philistine city, continues to simmer with unrest Despite this history of tunnoil. Gaza was a major maritime center in ancient Israel. To facilitate trade, various authorities began striking coins which were some of the first examples in the region. As early as the 5th century B.C., silver coins were minted consecutively with the oldest of Greek varieties. This Philistine tetradrachm is distin­ These early Philistine types c~ guished . by the ancient Hebrew the Greek denominations of 'obols, aleph", {: on the cheek of Athena. dr;¥;hms and tetradrachms. Many oft1ie It was on display in Tel Av"rv as part of themes exploit the use of the owl and an exhibit by Robert Deutsch during bust on early Greek Athenas. Often December 1988. these copies bear Greek inscriptions Pre Columbian Figurines from West MexiCO, which were also duplicated by the die historical links to both the Jews and the Colima and Jalisco variety, many interesting engravers. Palestinians. Hopefully, with the types: warriors, drummers, etc. All The crude irregular flans and designs knowledge of the resulting futility, are a strong identification criteria which suffering, and lack of anything positive substantially intact and VF to EF 3'" to 6'" distinguishes these coins. The earliest accomplished by 3 millenniums of friction, these two peoples can flOd the each or for mintmarks to appear were the ancient $150 2 $250 Hebrew ayin = 0 or aleph,", t:' . The path to a more peaceful and constructive While they last modern Hebrew cursive closely future. If both groups can accept their corresponds to the ancient script ayin-", common claim as a legitimate fact of We have many more interesting antiquities and ancient ooins in stock. If you d" and aleph = K~ . These mintmarks history, this could possibly be a good are not on our mailing list, you are missing some of the best buys in ancient art. were later changed to '," as the region beginning. 591ld foryour free catalogue today. For more information contact: of AZA was also more modernly refered to as Gaza. 1be use of ancient Hebrew script on .The Time Machine Co. these early Philistine coins is an • P. O. Box 282, Flushing Station, "excellent example of numismatic's . Queens, NY 11367 many contributions to history. It ("$. reveals that this small coastal strip (718) 544-2708 aloog the Mediterranean joining Israel to the Sinai desert had indeed strong The Celator August 1989 Villi

Gods and Mortals Bronzes of the Ancient World from Italy to Iran

New York: April 20 - June 20, 1989

_ EGYPTIAN COLOSSAL BRONZE ENTHRONED PHARAOH AS FALCON·HEADED ETRUSCOROMAN BRONZE PRIESTESS OF DIANA HORUS, XXlsl·XXVth Dyrwsly (ca. 1085-715 B.C. ). 27 1/8" (68.9 em.). . 2nd" I>cJIJ of/he 2nd Century e.G. 8" (20.3 em.)

180 selected ancient Greek. Ebuscan, Roman, Egyptian, Near Eastern and Iranian bronze sculptures from $750 to $250,000 Fully Blustrated Color Clltal.og •• $4.00

Royal - Athena publications.. ArtQf1tm~W2dQ (Vol. V, Part I, May 1988) illustrates in full color 114 works 01 art prK:ed from $950 to $225,000: FREE It1§: &.u!.21. Cleopatra: The Art of Late Dynastic & Graeco-Roman Egypt (October 19B8) illustrates in full color 151 selected Egyptian works of art priced from $600 to 125,000: $2.00

An2f.1M:~W2d!! (Volume IV, September 1985) illustrates in lull oolorover 600 works of art, of which about 150 are still available for sale, including a seled:ion 01 coins: $15.00 Only at Royal-Athena ... Everything Is clearty labelled and attractively prlced... and we are delighted to does a collector have a true choicel We are proud to offer the largest and most answer your questions and help both the amateur and the serious collector. A extensive collection of the ancient arts ever exhibited for sale - Over 1500Greek, large selection of inexpensive reference books are also avail3ble for sale. Roman, Egyptian, Near Eastern, Islamic, Asian and Pre·Columbian 29 years of expertise In ancient art and 45 years In numismatics stand behind sculptures, vases and other works of art inall price ranges (from under $100 to our unconditional guarantee of authenticity. We specialize In assembling $250,000 and more). We also feature a line selection 01 Pre·1800 European complete general and specialized collections of line art for museums and for sculptures, Old U •• ter prints and drawings, Persian and Indian miniatures , private and instibJtionallnvestors. Inquiries are welcomed from fellow art dealers, Tribal art, and CI.ssicsl Coins. art consultants, architects and interior designers.

We are proud to be sponsors of THE FIRST EGYPTIANS Exhibition at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, April 22 through July 23, 1989.

royal-athena galleries new york· beverly hills

Jerome M. Elsenbetg, Ph.D. Director 153 East 57th Street (212) 355-2034 ANA-LM 177; FRNS (1952) 332 North Beverly DrIve (213) 550-1199 New York, N.Y. 10022 Mon .-Sat. 10 to 6 Established 1942 Beverly Hills, CA 90210 Mon.-Sat. 10 to 6

We are exhibiting an extensive selection of fine ancient coins and antiquities at the following shows: Greater New York Numismatic Convention, May 4th - 7th Long Beach Coin Exposition, June 1sl- 4th x The Celalor Augusl1989 Biblical history Coinage of Roman procurators yields insight

by Eric Kondratieff procurator. "bread-basket" of the East, and the Greek Annius Rufus was next in line, The procurators of Roman Judaea The procurators were usually men of inscription KAICOPOC (Caesar). another quiet and efficient administrator were, as a group, a rather nefarious lot. Equestrian rank, unlike the governors of These types were not only inoffensive, about whom little is known. It is famous more for their insults and Syria who were Senators or others of but they actually did a certain honor to apparent, from the present dating of the atrocities against the Jews than for any the aristocratic classes. They governed the Jewish homeland. Apparently, coins, that Rufus did not issue any acts of munificence or good from the coastal city of Caesarea Coponius only minted coins for one coins at all. He stayed at his post govemment. Some of them stand out, Maritima, visiting Jerusalem only for year (fig. I, Hendin 100). through the end of Augustus' reign, particularly Pilate, Felix, Festus. and the festivals. Except for the reign of being relieved by Valerius Gratus a few Florus, immortalized in the bible and King Herod Agrippa I, who ruled Judaea months into the reign of Tiberius in 15 countless epic movies. However, some from 41 to 44 C.B., they ruled C.E. The coming of the Tiberian of the most interesting "monuments" continuously from 6 to 66 C.E., until Procurators was to prove more stressful left behind by these men are the vast the commencement of the Jewish on Judaeo-Roman relations, and more quantities of small bronze coins issued Revolt (66-70 C.E.) interesting numismatically. under their authority. These coins, The first procurator was Coporiius FI!JUr8 1 Under Tiberius there was less change known as prutahs, lepta, or "widow's (6-9 CE.). He was a tough man sent to in procurators than before. In fact, govern a difficult province; nevertheless, mites," yield some fascinating clues to Marcus Ambibulus succeeded to the except for the few months that Annius he seemed so mild and even-handed after the political climate then, and to the procurators hip in 9 C.E. Not much is Rufus' tenure overlapped from the )Ierod Archelaus, that the Jews personalities of the procurators ~ruel known about his period in office, but he Augustus' to Tiberius' reig~ere were themselves. nan18d..a1emple gate after him, an honor seems to have maintained the status really only two procurators, Valerius unique for a gentile. Before the Roman Procurators arrived quo, issuing the same coin-types, the Gratus (15-28 CE.) and Pontius PHatus on the scene, Judaea was governed by He set a pattern in his coinage that only variations being the dates (years (26-36 C.E.). This was due to Tiberius' was to be followed for at least nine Herod Archelaus (4 B.C.E. - 6 C.E.), 39-41, or 9·11 C.E.) and some slight philosophy on provincial yem, until the death of Augustus. The the son and successor of Herod "the style differences (See fIgures 2-4, administration: he liked his governors reverse of his coins had a palmtree and Great" The Emperor Augustus did not Hendin 101-103). to stay at their posts for a long time, grant Archelaus the title of "King," but the year of Augustus' reign, generally comparing them to flies that suck their instead named him "Ethnarch." This believed to be dated from the batt1e of fill at a wound and linger there, keeping position corresponded somewhat to Actium in 31 B.C.E. These dates were other flies with fresh appetites away Augustus' position as "Princeps," or in Greek, "I" (standing for "etos," (Josephus, Antiquities, xvm. VI.5). fIrst citizen, of Rome (and thus the meaning "year") and As (the numeral for L. Aelius Sejanus, the infamous Empire), except that the ftEthnarch" was 36), corresponding to the year 6 C.E. "partner of lTiberius'] labors," first among his own people--a superior The date palm on the reverse could refer nominated Gratus to the procuratorship sort of prince. This allowed room for to the famous groves of date palms near of Judaea, where he arrived early in 15 Archelaus' future promotion to the Jericho, from which came the famous C.E. Upon his arrival, Gratus started. a kingship, with all the rights and Nicolaitan dates. These particularly new issue of small bronzes quite privileges of his father. However, large and tasty dates were named for different from those under the Augustan Archelaus behaved so viciously that Nicolaus, minister and friend to Herod procurators. They were remarkable in Augustus was forced to depose him. the Great, who owned various groves' that many carried the name of Julia Augustus then brought Judaea into full and who developed this famous fruit, Augusta, the Emperor's mother. control of the imperial administrative said to be enjoyed by Augustus himself. Livia Drusilla, the wife of Augustus system by annexing it-to Syria and The obverse had a barley ear, probably and mother of Tiberius, had been placing it under the direct rule of a signifying Judaea's importance as the Please tum to page XXVIII

?acnIs: ~~XXXIII September 1989 Session 1: 200 Lots of Classical Amiquities. Including artifacts from Eqypl, Greece. Rome. and the Anciem Near East. 100 Lots of Pre-ColumbiaJl Art Tribal Arts -Indian and Etluwgraphic Oriental Antiq~s

Session II: Early American Bottles & Glass, Beautiful Collection of Exposition Material from the Centennial of 1876 through the 1980's Auctjon Caletular Colfection of Over 2/XXJ Antique BUltons September 7, 1989 Antique Corkscrews George A Dickinson Collection of Stamps September & December 1989 Ben Z. Swanson Collection of Pot Lids

9'-:R.k.fJJ.] e.t SJ6 St, ?n ~ 'J/'g IOO22 'JIS& 212 75I IgDO 'Wa7& 800 22I 7ZJ6 .Ya.x 212 7S8 I7I] The:celalor Augusl1989 .. Xl .... · WHERE DO YOU BUY A.N.A. CERTIFIED ANCIENT COINS?

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GREEK, ROMAN AND BYZANTINE HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL COINS OF THE FINEST QUALITY DATA WITH EACH COIN

In V.SA : 1-800-759-7273 In Colorado: 3()3. 322-0101 r------'r------,FAX # 303-333-5300 I For more information CALL TOLL FREE ~ II . , PLEASE PRlNr I 1-800-759-7273 J=. II Mr.. Mrs .. Ms., Mlss, ______I Legacy Numismatics has bul1t a 16 year reputation of service, professionalism and II Address'______(integrity. A company profile is avaUable for reView. II Clty'______State' __Zlp' __ _

IID Yes, Please send me a ~ copy of "Profiting In Classic AnCient Gold & Silver Coins: II" Phone ( IIncluding 10 Top Recommendations for 1989" (Optional) :0 Yes, Please send me a free copy of your Fixed Price catalog of: ID I am Interested in finding out more about investment grade classic ancient COins. (Please call me at () . Best time to call ___ I " I LEGACY NUMISMATICS II * 290 1m I 3773 CHERRY CREEK DRIVE NORTH SUITE #150 H II 1416 . I PTARMIGAN PLACE II Authorized for:

LI ______DENVER COWRADO 80209 JLn ______p.e.G.s •• N.G.C .• AN.A.C.S.______~ XII The Celator August 1989

New shows added Classical Numismatic Bourse adds Washington D.C.

The Classical Numismatic Bourse. England; David P. Herman; Brian Kritt; held for the ftrst time in Washington Dennis Kroh (Empire Coins); Thomas D.C. on June 23 and 24, lived up to its P. McKenna: Numismatic Fine Arts; growing reputation as 165 collectors of William B. Porter; William M. ancient and medieval coins from as far Rosenblum: and Edward J. WaddeD. south as Florida. and as far north as Also represented was The CelaJ,or. Rhode Island and Connecticut In addition to the beneftt of being participated in the evenL able to view a large concenltation of CNB is a private invitational bourse ancient and medieval coins in one for the collector which is held at a location, the CNB approach features a number of selected locations throughout relaJI:ed abnosphere where collectors are the country. In the past. CNBs have able to enjoy conversing with dealers been held at SL Louis. San Francisco, and other collectors. Invariably, those and Dallas. Washington and Chicago surveyed expressed delight with the were added to the schedule this year, concept and looked forward to future with a bourse scheduled in the latter city gatherings. for September 23 and 24. New York City will be added to the bourse The upcoming Chicago CNB will be schedule in 1990. Eventually, claims held in the Bastille Room of Hotel bourse organizer Victor England, the Sofitel near OHare International Airpon goal is to do one show a month on a at 5550 N. River Road About a dozen rotating basis. dealers from various pans of the country The Classical Numismatic Bourse setting offers a spacious. relaxed The Washington show was the ninth are expected to staff tables. TM Celator sening for collectors to browse. chat and study. of the series which started about four will also attend. Persons wishing an years ago in St. Louis. Fifteen dealers invitation (required at the door) may were represented. including: Claude contact Victor England at P.O. Boll. Amsellem; Harlan 1. Berk":; Lucien 245, Quarryville, PA 17566 (717-786- Birkler; Eldert Bontelc.oe (Pegasi Coins); 4013) or any of the dealers mentioned Peter Burbules; James Elmen; Victor above. Roman coins offered in first Over 1,450 Kramer list Satisfied Hugh Kramer, of Santa Maria. CA, is offering his first mail list Coins of Subscribers Imperial Rome are the main feature of Kramer's list, but he offers a variety of items. including ancient glass. jewelry, The Cefalor and a bargain section for beginning Subscribe today! collectors. Later lists will feature expanded sections on Greek and Medieval coins. Kramer describes ancient coin collecting as " ... a combination of history, archaeology, art and detective work that has awed and entertained me at the same time,- For further infonnation contact Hugh Kramer, PO Box 9614, Santa Maria. CA 93456. or phone (805) Andy Singer (left) and Bill Spengler discuss Turkoman coins at the 349 - 0249. Greater New Yo/'1( Show.

Private Invitational Bourse For The Collector Give a FREE COPY of Featuring major dealers of Ancient & Early Foreign Coins The Celator to a friend ... from around the country. Please send a free sample copy of The Celator to: REGIONAL SHOWS HELD IN San Francisco. CA Chicago. IL Dallas. TX Washington, DC Name: New York. NY ------Address:______.. Value and Integrity information and an invitation to the show to you, write today. City:,______State: Zip: -- CLASSICAL NUMISMATIC BOURSE BOX 245, DEPARTMENT I Fill out and mail T he CeIator QUARRYVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA 17566 this coupon (or a facsimile) to: P.O. Box 123 Lodi, WI 53555 . . '.' ···ThlH:elator '.' August 1989 .. XIIJ

QIolu ~allrrlr5

is pleased to announce its SUMMER MAlL BID SALE ANCIENT AND MODERN COINS OF THE WORLD AND THE UNITED STATES Closing Date: Wednesday, August 23, 1989

Featuring over 400 Lots of Ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine Gold, Silver and Bronze coins

• An attractive selection of Greek Gold,Electrum, Silver and Bronze coins.

• A representative offering of Ancient Judaean Silver and Bronze coins.

• An interesting group of Republican and Imperatorial Silver and Bronze coins. • An extensive consignment of Roman Imperial Silver and

Bronze coins, including many rarities at affordable

prices and interesting large lots.

• A selection of Billon and B.ronze coins of Roman Alexandria.

• A consignment of Byzantine Gold and Bronze coins, including

a special offering of the Solidi of Constans II.

A wide range of coins to appeal to both the advanced and beginning collector, as well as to the general student of Ancient History

Profusely lJJustcated Catalogues Available Now!

The Price of $5.00 Includes the Prices Realized

Coin Galleries has been conducting Mail Bid Auctions featuring Ancient coins for nearly 35 years. Our sales are quarterly, in the Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter, with the next one scheduled for November of 1989. Write or call for details.

I~------I ~/ aLoin ~nl1pripli I ./taeItJ/ QJotu ~ttl1rrtr!l 123 West 57th St. . 1 INe w York, NY 10019 Enclosed please find $5.00 for your August 23, 1989 MaY. Bid I The Ancient and Foreign Department of Stack's I Sale Catalogue and list of Prices Realized (after sale). 123 West 57th Street New York, NY 10019 Telephone (212) 582·5955 Telex: 666125 (W.U.) INam e 1 FAX: (212) 245·5018 1- I I City--- -State- - --Zip - - ::J Xliii The Celator August 1989 Puzzle remains Control marks offer clues to Indo-Greek mints by David R. Dawdy recoo:ied than they have hitherto been." The lndo-Greek coinage began with CUnningham lists 150 control marks the independence of the provinces of Coin PUlhtalevati South rll:l1, on Bactrian coins, 23 of which appear T,,. Chi,f , Chleh Bactria and Sogwlna from the Seleucid 2 Ul • on coins of Menander, and tries to 15 17 ,. kingdom in 256 BC. and ended in about • • " attribute each to a mint city. "In Oiadem BUlt U U 170 10 BC with the conquest by the , 111769-72 21-' .. attempting an explanation of some of " ,. ,. Scythians. During that period the Helllleted BU l t 17 1'11179-82 .. • the monograms of the coins .. .1 have Greeks eltpanded into the Punjab and " " used the known find-spots of the coins , Javelin Bust Menander raided as far east as Pataliputra Pallas Right 0 0 2· 0 as the chief guide to the localities over (present day Pabla). the capitol of the 1'11785-88 • which the different princes reigned. . .ln pall,s [.eft " 31 UI ,. failing Mauryan empire. H1791l1-94 my readings of all these monograms I Throughout that period the coinage '" have followed the same system of 8 , 20 , 1] 18> of the Indo-Greeks had control marks. decipherment which I adopted in my " " " Some of the control marks persisted • Control mark to left of Pall •• first attempt in 1842 .. .In some few over many reigns. That persistence led • IlluBtrated in Ml tchlner cases the letters have been read sideways 1 Control mark .imilar (Cunningham 92 a nd 93) but not the •• ma to the interpretation of the control or reversed. .. In many cases the same mint marks as mm. MifChiner (1978. letter has been read twice or thrice.. Jn p.25l) goes so far as to classify them in The diademed bust types the no case whatever has any letter of a are most mentions 893 coins of Menander, and great detail by mint city and workshop, common, and were the most common in name been neglected, but every separate lists numbers of coins for particular claiming no less than five woctshops in line of a monogram has been accounted this group. Most were with control control marks, but unfortunately does 3, 9, 10. and 15. This should Pushkalavati during the reign of for." A review of such infonnation as it mazts be not account for all and does not assign Menander, for example. Some seem to exists. is the basis for Mitchiner's views. Pushkalavati and South Chach. All them to coin types. However, by consider the proof for mints and helmeted types were from Pushkalavati. frequency Cunningham gives: workshops as nO( conclusive. Gardner Recently a group of about 100 For the javelin bust types, Mitchiner's Frequwqo., P..-.t lor Cortrd Itlark (1888, page IV) stated MGen. Menander drachm<; passed through my distribution would say that Tax.iJa took 12'101$18 Cunningham has well remarked. in hands. Menander's silver drachm<; are the place of South Chach, and shared 30.7 28..5 U e..o u u regard to some of the Greek perhaps the commoneSI of the Indo­ production with Pushkalavati. Thus Th .... 2S.2 7.5 1• .0 18.7 18.8 12.1 monograms, that their constant Greek silver coins. These coins were South Chach was assigned diadem bust recurrence during successive reigns types and Taxila was assigned javelin -­ purported to be from a source in In conclusion, there is no can· proves that they cannot denote monetary Pakistan. Although with the present bust types, whereas Pushkalavati minted c1usion. Why Taxila and South Chach magistrates, but must stand for mints. turmoil that could be from Afghanistan all types, with some distribution among should be equally represented but by There is reason in this; but when the through Pakistan, the control marks workshops. Although the group different coin types is not known. If the writer goes further, and tries to identify should tell a consistent story if they are probably was picked for grade, there is hoard were originally from the vicinity the various mints whic h they indeed mint marks and workshops as little probability that it was picked for of Peshawar, the predominance of respectively represent, we ... are unable to indicated by Mitchiner. Numbering control mark. such as to distort the Pushkalavati minted coins would be follow. While therefore we must Mitchiner's control marks for Menander dis tribution shown above. expected. The distribution of control acknowledge the possibility that many in Pakistan from left to right,· Interestingly, Mitchiner's illustrations marks is consistent with their origin in of the Greek. monograms may stand for Pushkalavati Chief Workshop would be have the same distribution, as shown by the Punjab, according to Mitchiner's the names of mints, we must stop short I, 2 and 3, South Chach would be 15 · the footnote. Thus, the attribution of attribution. The occurrence of right as at that point. Nor does there seem any and 16, and Jammu would be 19, for this hoard follows the distribution of opposed to left placed control marks is probability that we shall advance example. The distribution of types and Mitchiner's plate coins. Similarly, unexplained. In addition none of the further, until the find spots of Bactrian control marks on the coins according to Gardner's coins show diademed bust three coins with E mintmarks are M and Indian coins are more exactly Mitchiner were: from "North Chach and j avelin bust n identical to those illustrated by from MTaxila • Several recent articles Mitchiner. Each has a diagonal line with illustrated coins show similar from upper right to lower left. One is control mark distribution (Singh, 1982, in the lower half of the E and it is found If you aren't seeing this symbol on diadem 15, helmeted 2&:3; to the left of Pallas. The others are in Bhattacharyya, 1971.25 coins, 6 "non­ the upper half and are to the right of catalogues you are currently receiving PaDs...,"). Pallas, (as in Gardner #6 and #19). Are Mitchiner disagrees with they to be inferred to be also from Cunningham on city of attribution of Mitchiner 's Workshop E in most control marks. Cunningham Pushkalavati?

Say you saw it in The Cefator

Subscribe to the only full service newspaper specializing in ancient coins and antiquities: Write for our membership list II •••, •••••••• Clip & Mall ••••••• ,.... 11 Please include me as a subscriber to The Celator: Name: ______Address: Jean-Paul Divo City:_____ ~------~-----=~------'S tate: _Zip:.______Secretary, I.A.P.N. Lowenstrasse, 65 Enclose $15.00 for 12 issu. ' ($20 canada, $40 E"""", $48 _"") CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland II ; ••Ma.. 11 To : The Celator, P.O. Box 123. LodI, WI 53555 II ••••••••••••••- ••••• --11 The Celetor Augusll989 xv

Superior Galleries IS PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE THAT WE WILL BE SELLING

The Jascha Heifetz Collection - -- --=---=------=-=------"'.-==-.-----=------. =-- - At Auction and Mail Bid Sale Featuring Ancient Coinage and Coinage of the World

Bruttium, Kaulooia Sicily I Syracuse 530-480 B.C. 399·387 B.C. Silver Stater Silver Tetradrachm

To Be Held in Conjunction with t he New York International Numismatic Convention December 9, 10, 1989 _____ -- - __ -______==- __ --.--:0-.-

Consign your ancient and foreign coins to Superior's Winter Sale, held in conjunction with the largest and most important ancient and foreign coin shows held in the United States To be sold in New York City at the Sheraton Centre Hotel December 9, 10, 1989

Whole collections or selected consignments of: Choice Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Gold High Quality Greek Silver Republican and Imperatorial Silver Competitive commision rates The Twelve Caesars in Gold and Silver Cash advancements available Ch oice Roman and Impe ri al Silver and Bronze are now being accept ed

Superior Galleries - ,- A Division of Superior Stamp & Coin Co. , Inc. ."" ... , 9478 West Olympic Boulevard. Beverly Hills. CA, 90212 - 4299 Lewrence Goldberg (213) 203-9855 • Toll Free: (800) 421 -0754 • FAX: (213) 203-0496 lr. Goldberg M~ Goidbefg

C.lfomNl Auction Company Uc..,.. No. 122 - Mlirtl: Goldberg LIe..,.. No. 106 - I,. Goldberg lie..,.. No. 123 New York AuctkmHf Mlit1t Goktb4wg 827113

...... ,. .. XVI P'U9llsll989

Dust Bank Leu Ltd Zurich of the Ages Series III, NO.4 1884 Numismatics the pages of the

DATA FOR MAJ(lNG Al.!.(\WANCES IN 'WJ;,;!UIIT FOR CORROSION 0 .. MkT.u.a.-Compoullds of Illotal wet with, alolio or alloyed ;_

~tionor Weight S~inc Wei!\,ht of fI~i ft e of Metal Ont.yitr Omv;t,rnf J:" in (oj . ;n the Com,- the lolet&l. Compouud. pound. Cillorido of silver (ullual) AgVI. . . . 0-55 'oa -703 -247 Sulphide of silvor, AgS. 7·2 ·60 '871 '12U mack oxide of copper, CuO. 6·, ·78 '799 '201 Red oxide of copper, Cu.O 0'75 ·6' ·888 '112 Sulpbido of copper, CUtS '·8 ·65 -799 '201 GreCl~ cal'bQlUltc of cop- per, CuD, II.o,eu, CO. U'S" ·'2 -575 '42!)

lilno carbon~te of copper. CuO, HID, 2 Cu, (JO. BB ·'2 -555 '446 Oxide of tin, SuD.. . 6-95 '7t:J7 '213 C'IrIi

RulpLnte of load, Ph SO, 6-30 '55 '736 '264 Every year we have an auction of very important ancient coins Sulphide of zinc, Zll~ . 4"l '00 '670 '330 in spring. ClH"houate of zinc, ZuCO. 4"4 ·0' '620 '41:10 We issue occasional lists. Our stock ranges from Hemitartemoria to Dekadrachmai, and Let P = por COILt. of vo/wlle rCIlll\lIJ1ug motallic; I) = por from Quadrantes to Multiple Aureus Medallions. cout. of cowpollud iu tho wilole volnme. ti = ar. gr. of wot"l; We actively buy and sell at all price levels. a = sp. gr. of compouud; g = gaiu of compound.

Then p p a of tho present Ifei:;)'1 is CO llll'OlIllll, aud 6+r S .

1 ,P s g i!) tho gain of tile wllOle weight, 10 Le ucuuded froD} 't:i + r 6 prc~clIl wcigiJt . )';.If., f\ pi cCt) of copper, cigl.Jt.lcnUj~ mcial, olle·tonth I' OU Bank Leu Ltd (\xi,\,' , one·tentL green ,·arbollalo. In Gassen 20 CH·8001 Zurich Switzerland Telephone (from the US) 011 4112192406 Te/efax 0114112193306 Thon .0:0 x 5'7_ ~1l2)--±-(1.0~·~x '4.2:"1 lor cont. (BO x S·O) + (10 x '·7) + (10 x 3.B) I of tho weight ill gain = 2'77 pOl' cont., or 10 grains ill 800. Houghly it is ~umcient for small poreOlltagos to work tho above examplo thus;- 10 por cent. volume oxide = about 6'4 por eont. of weight, gain '7 per COllt. 10 per cent. volume carhollale = about 4'2 por cent. of weight, gain 1'8 per cont. (Totnl gaiD Z'O pOl cont., which is probably as Dear as the voluwes can be estiwated.)

Observe the gl\in by carbOllate of lime or Blmd encrusted. is oqual to "uout one-third of its volulUo of Illetal in weight. Observe tho losses by solution of earuollllte of lead, or by sClaping. COINS WM. FLINDER8 PETRIE.

Q IMPORTANT NOTICE 0 CENTURION ANCIENT COINS OFFERS ITS FINAL PRICE LIST

FIXED PRICE LIST NUMBER III will be my final effort as a dealer in ancient nwnismatics, and all my stock will be offered at reduced prices. If you plan to buy ancient Greek, Roman or Byzantine coins this year, and you are not now on my mailing list, I urge you to send me yOUl" name and address to receive my catalog free of charge. Included will be a run of Marc Antony legionary denarii from Leg. II to Leg. XXIII. Those of you who are recipients of my ancient coin scripts, this will be your final opportunity to redeem them. I wish to take this opportunity to thank all of you who have done business with me in the past. My P.O. Box number will be valid until the end of the year. Numismatically yours, THE CENTURION JULIUS J. SEBASTIAN TOM CEDERLIND P.o. Boll: 06104 a.k.a. P. O. Box 1963·C ~~r~~~E~~9~;S The Centurion Ancient Coins Portland, OR • 97207 Tlie· C8lalor AuguSl1989 XVII

Elysian fields Buy or Bid Sale #2 All Closing August 31, 1989 Roman Silver Coins

1001 P. Latta 116-109!C Ai· DrIW'I~. Belwted ReM 1' .1 Tllree II9.lr". PROYOCO, U'I ~ 177-192 Ai - Dtoarl",. Laureate head rlltoV lortUllI !!tattd left. Ittr.:tI'It old tOlllno. 1!9: Parela • VPIl .un (60) r". le9IOdatl, off, tIC 166 avr 170 (otS) ,1,02 L. ffpultlus SaturnlDIIS 104 !C Ai - Drnl'ius. lleilleted ba 1.1 SitUl'fl I~ ,,1Ct11ll. A39 Crlepllll mAD" - Denarius, [r,lfltd Mt rl!ilV Clll!Jped hud!l. old tonllll, RSC _lei, Inr. ""Ivr t'/O (55) loUD but ,,-Iete, 52 1682 lid t6D (40) I.n3 t. Igaltut.11I!J 9711C ~ln&rlus, ,Ifoll0 luute 1'.1 Vlctorr lid tl'CfllJ, MIl SepUllus $emus J~2lt AD AR - Draarlus, Laureate head rldiV PIIbdltor Picls. good strike, R. sl Ole, R9: -.aMell I vr .120 (75) Slll'P col •• dretnt filii, !I 1753 11 t be gOflJine. 10 day l.nCOOditionai retum privilege. All sales are for slherlag oIrI. lIId rev., SR 3:.J)Q iil te5 ($) cash in U.S. dollars. Foreign checks must be drawn on U.S. Banks with bank transfer InfonTIation induded on the A78 Carauslus 287-293 AD Ai·Ant. Radiate bJst r.l Cla~ banOS, check. Wisconsin resid&nts please add apptOpriate sales lax. rw9t bit nCffdlngl, rart, C 34 1 1120 (851 2. All purchases will be effective upon receipt of payment, however coins will not be mailed to persoos unknown to the finTI until personal chedIs dear (approximately 7 - 10 days). 3. All coins are shipped postpajd by insured or registered majl. There will not be any dlarQ8 for shipping or SPECIAL! handing, nor MY buyef fees assessed. With any successful buy order, a copy of Reece and James 4. Coins may be purchased at the list prica at any time. Bids for coins wiU be accepted at or above the minimum prica - listed in ~lhell8s. For example, If a coin is priced al $200 ($130) tIM Immedillt. IdEntifying Roman Coins for only $7 or the new ..Ie price Is $200 postpaid ptus ..Ies tax If appliceble. If tIM cofn is not !tOld at Sear Roman Coins and their Values for $40 the listed price it will be sold to the highest bidder above minimum which In thl. (one per customer) ca•• la $130. If no bidder makes an offer lbove minimum, the coin will remlln unsold. In cases 01 a tie bid, the coin will be awarded to the earli&st bid raved. Multiple bids, with total S lim~s are acceptable. II, lor eiWl1p!e,)'OI.I wish to bid on six $100 coins but only Wa'lt tl spend a maximum 01 $300, the Order from: bids wl1I be execut&d in your order of preference. Any time the total S lim~ Is reac:h&d, or another pun::has& would exceed it, the remaining bids will badisregarded. Early buys and bids are encoorag&d. m celhe starus of bids will not be released priorlD dosing. Elysian fields 5. Coins are graded OOI'lservatively. A apfit grade, ego FNF, indicales lhatlhe obverse is graded Fine the reverse is graded Very Fine. All individual coins are one of a kind and substitutions will notbe made by the seller. References: Basic refer&llCes are David Sear's catalogs of Gre&k, Roman. Greek Imperial, arid Byzantine coins. P.o. Box 35 Sear Gre&k. 00: Sear Roman . SR; Sear Gre&k Imperial . 001; Sear Byzantine. SB. Other references will be spelled DlJt asapproprta18 wI;,ln IndMdual descriptions. Horicon, WI 53032 · XVIU .. ·.· . The Celalor Augl!st·, 989

ElYMAIS BRONZE TETRADRACHM Persian , A.D. 200. ·ALEXANDER THE GREAT $75 ea. SILVER DRACHMS. Egypt SUMERIAN Hi:CKLACE 336.323 B.C. $110 ea. Stone disc beads, black, grey, and while, C. 3,000 B.C. . (wearable) $49 ea. PERSIS OBORZOR SILVER DRACHM 4111 Ce ntu ry B.C .. Oborzos/Fire Temple $1100 ea.

ROMAN BRONZE FIBULA K (brooch) approx. 11h , A.D. 200, (beautiful condition) $95 ea.

BYZANTINE GOLD SOLID I ROMAN BROHZE BRACELET S Various rulers, A.D. 400-700. $325 ea. Design on terminals, c. A.D. 100, (wearabl $25 ea.

PERSIAN GOLD DARle 331-305 B.C. (beautiful style & condition) $2500 ea.

!

SASSANIAN SILVER DIRHAMS vari ous rulers, 6th-7th Century A.D ., broad fl an $19 ea. SHAPUR I·SASSANIAN EMPIRE SILVER OIRHAM. PERSIAN. A.D. 240-270, $125 ea.

SICULO PUNIC SILVER TETRAD RACHM, 350-320 B.C. Head of Alexander/Horse head . $1200 ea.

EGYPTIAN FAIENCE USHABTI Inscribed: PA·AMU N, 26th Dynasty, 600 B.C. taU, translation included. $295 ea. EGYPTIAN FAIENCE AMULET 26th Dynasty, c. 600 B.C., blue/green colc LURISTAN BRONZE SPEAR POINTS (mint condition). $300 ea. c. 1200-800 B.C., 5"-6" long, A~Ho(us , the falcon headed god. (fine condition) $89 ea. B-Djed column, represents stability. C-Ptah. the patron of arts and crafts. D- Isis, goddess of magical power.

BUll 8: HORSEMAN COPPER CDINS EGYPTIAN FAIENCE USHABTI ROMAN BRONZE CDINS (from India) ISLAMIC SILVER DIRHAMS Inscribed: lA-lE-DI, 26th Dynasty, 600 B.C Various rulers, indenlifiab le, A.D. 100-300. with inscriptions, 7th-9th Century A.D. $10 ea. 4" taU. translation inclu ded. $95 ea. mi10 xored more ru lers. .• ••.• •• ••• ••• ••• $19 ea. 40 or more I ••• ••••• ••• •• •••• 5::::.1 , TheCelator August 1~9 XVIRI' -

HOLYLAND TERRA COTTA BOTTLES PARTHIAN SILVER DRACHMS BYBlDS PHOENICIAN AR Daily used for perfumes. oils and spices, Fish motjf_j~PPEE,~R :S;;IA~~:Nn~~:I;~,~~;~;:~ 238 B.C.-A.D. 228: various rulers, turquoise DISHEKEl-AZBAAl c. 100 8.C. 3"-4" lall $39 ea. (very fine) , $45 ea. 350 B.C. $1000 ea.

8YBlOS PHOENICIAN SilVER AR lIB SHEKEL 4th Century B.C.. $69 ••.

PTOLEMY X SILVER TUA"DRACHM Egyp t, 1()6..8B B.C. $95 ea. EGYPTIAN SCARABS Ancient symbol "TO EXISr', inscribed EGYPTIAN MUMMY BEAD NECKLACE with hieroglyphs, approx. 1ft long WITH FAIENCE AMULET Hyksos & New Kingdom S95 u. 26th Dynasty 600 B.C., 24" lon9, (wearab le) $145 ea. CARNELIAN CUT STONES Inscribed with an ancient prayer. c. 15-16 Century. approx. I" long suitable for setting $29 e• .

ALEXANDEII THE GREAT HOl YLANO Oil LAMPS ROMAN AE FOLIS BRONZE COINS SILVER TETRADRACHMS. EGYPTIAN FAIENCE USH"BTI A.O. 284-305, various rulers. $35 ea. Terra cotta lamps in different styles, Egypt, (nice quality, well centered) from B.C. to 5th Century long Inscribed: PSAM·TEK, 26th Dynasty, 600 B.C., $225 100 A.D.• 2"·Y 4" tall, translation included. $275 ea. e•. $39 ••.

lURISTAN BRONZE CEREMONIAL ANIMALS SICilY SYR'CUSE 'G.THOKlES WIDOW MITES 1,2

.,

• ·XX The Celator · August 1989 Shorthand helps in recording mint marks Dr.wn As '!)ped As Comment

1'10 leHers or symbols In tleld or enrgue. PHILLfPS LrNEA:R MINTMARK SHORTHAND .. ~ Itl .- Mlntmarks on later Roman coins often consist or letters or symbols In one or both field:l, as well as In the exergue. This presents a problem (or the collector who ,. ~ I /ALF.dJ H01Mni In either fleldi AL E· De/*AL£J Ep ~ llon In rIght field, nothIng In ldt exergue, wit'" blank spaces to Indicate the absence of letters or sy mbols rrom a •• -..1. field, Star-ALE In uertt'e. particular area. (Example 1) . *AI..'

The llection following the sla.sh representll the exergue (Example Z). The Ilection (go·/ALE) Clmml in Jeft ((elll, star in right preceeding the sluh represents the tieldll, and 1$ further divided into lett and right ,. field, ALE In uel"flle. field by the use or arrows (Examples 3. 4. 5). These arrows are also used to JtACE su rround a letter or symbol In order to Indicate that It Is centered In the tleld above the exergue (Example IS) . If arrows are not available on your typewriter, b dashes will serve Just u well; Example 5 would be typed [r-./ 1 and Example 6 •• C/ALR] Inlt. eentel'fll In field, ALE In eJ;el"flle. would be typed [-6-/ ). ALE Parentheses are used to Indicate one letter or symbol above another In the same tleld; the parentheses pr-event the slash within them from being mbtaken for the «-/8)0 IALE) U Is Star .boye llet. In left lIeld, IIothlng dlvlslo:'l between fielda and exergue. the other tield empty, a simple blank ,. In rlcht field, ALE ill uerrue. space ill all u.at Is needed (Eumple 1), but If the other rleld containa anything, .iLACE parentheses are used for t hat field as well. Tltis is obviously necessary It the second field also h.. o.!e letter or .ymbol above another (Example .), but by using It even wh en the second tleld contains Just one letter or symbol. you can indicate [(.... /ptirII)o(R / · )/ALE) Wrfllth .boye paolm In left neld, the position of the lone letter or symbol relative to the two letten or lIymbols In Bet ••boy" ,tlr In tight ((eld, the other tield (Examples 9. 10). The parentheses and $luh can also be used for a •• ~I! ALE In uerrue. IIlmple mintmark Uke Example 3 If it Is necessary to Indicate the vertical position ALE of the letter or aymbol. The occalional mintmark with three letters or symbob placed one above the other In the same field merely requires parentheses with t .... o (-/B)O( """UAL!] Stlt above Bel. In left field, ,oreath lduhes Inside. In rllh! field opposite the I14!t., ~Ig ALE III "urrue. Symbols are Indicated with available typewriter characters whenever possible ( . '" •• dot .. .. star. + "' cross, II!'tc.), hut must sometimes must be spelled out or abbre viated. using lOwer cases letters to dltrerentlate from actual lettering U·/B)O(wrl )/ALE) A. pr.ylous, u cept now the wruth contained In the mml palm, wr or wreath. cresc or crescent, tblt or thunderbolt, ;,. *l'-iit.:' In rllht. field Is opposltr the star. etc.

MOllt Jettera can be typed exactly .. they appear on the coin, but when a Greek letter occurs which cannot be typed, a lo .... er cue equivalent Is used (g • Gamma, ® IUS d = Delta, e .. Epllilon, e tc). Note that capitals are used whenever the Greek Wlyne C. PMlllps letter can be represented satisfactorily (A,B,S,K etc). In some cues, two lower ~lonroYII, CA 91016. case letters may be needed: "ph" for Phi, "th" for Theta, etc. Perml s.~ion to use this system In ntalogulng . nd dest rlblng Roman t olns with proper I!tkroowle

Clip & Save QUOTES FROII THE PAST Coin File ------::::=""~- "Use your enemy's hand to catch a snake" l Sybaris l Persian Proverb I AR - Stater I I 53G-510 B.C. I I Bull /lncuae bull I I Sear 245 I I I I The Greek city of Sybaris was founded in southern Italy on the Tarentine I TRIVIA QUIZ Gulf, by the Achaeans, about 720 B.C. The city accumulated an I Homer r.f.... to thl. d.1ty a. the son of II extraordinary weahh from prosperous trade with cities in Asia Minor and I HypIirkHland Euryphal... . who gives other parts of the Greek world. Its inhabitants were notorious for their light to both gods and mono According I love of lUXUry. The city was destroyed in 510 B.C. by the inhabitants of I to Greek mythology, he and his sister I Kroton and some of the survivors later settled in a nearby place which I Selen. shar. the heavens and guide I became Thurium. The coin featured here is of a style familiar to southern I man'. destiny. The Romans called him I Italy during this period, ie. plastic obverse, incuse reverse of same type. I Sol, How was he known to the Greeks? I Some other cities to use this convention were Metapontum ,Poseidonia, I (last month's answer on page XXXII II) L Kaulonia------, and Kroton. .J BUYING & SELLING WORLD COINS 1100 B.C. to Modern

IIWrite for Free List: I Anything Anywhere P_ O. Box 02826 Portland OR 97202 f'J'>FJ <

The·Celator· August .1.989

1J.jnu~nu IF YOU COLLECT ANCIENT Our next Public Auction will be held in London. England in conjunction with COINS, YOU SHOULD BE ON OUR the respected numismatic auction-firm of Glendining & Co. on Ihl.: evening MAILING-LIST of October 9t h during CO INEX week. This will be a very well attended s• •Ie, as virtually ALL European firms and most U.S. firm s tkuling in Ancient WE FEATURE: Coins will be present in London at th at time. • At least six fulty Illustrated fixed-price catalogues per year

• Two large-fonnal maior public auctions per year featuring many high-quality items

• Attendance with tables at all major coin shows and public auctions featuring ancient coins worldwide

• Excellent want-list and auction-bidding service (for public sales that you cannot personally attend)

• We a1'8 consultants to ANACS for authenticity of ancient coins

• Sample catalogues sent on request

Don't miss our fixed price catalogue #47 "Ancient Bronze Coins"

ttrmpit£ QIOtUZ, ~ut~ See us at Ihe ANA CDft •• nlion In PIIIS~"",h 801 West Granada Btvd., Suite 305, Allg 9 • 13, Tabl.531 Onnand Beach, FL 32074-8278, USA Phone (904) 677-7314 - FAX (904) sn-7324 Office staffed 9 AM · 5 PM EST Monday - Friday, olher times leave message

EDWARD J. WADDELL~ LTD. See us at ANCIENT COIN SPECIALISTS ANA table #431 Selections from our current list Send $2 for sample copy l"t:\1ISMATIC LITERATURE Hlmera NEW BOOK: 26 AR Tetradrachm. c. 409 B.C. Signed by MAl ... Charioteer driving (ast quadriga r. while being Roben D. Van Arsdell, Cellic Coiflilge of Britain. crowned by flying nike with wreath; the nike also preface by Professor B.W. Cunliffe. 600 pages, 80 holds small tablet inscribed MAl; hippocamp I. in maps, 54 plates, charts, diagrams, and tables. Cloth ex. Rv. IMEPA. The nymph Himera sacrificing 1. bound. $75.00. Now in stock. with phiale over altar; satyr kneeling r. on pedestal beneath lion's head water spout. Rizzo, pI. xxi, This is th e most important book on British Celtic 23(same dies). 17.548. Mint State S5,500. coins ever published. It has been in preplI"ation for nearly five years and lists nearly 800 types, 50% Vespaslan, 69·79 A.D. more than IiSied in Mack.'s CoifJQgre of A.ncient 59 AE SeSienius. Rome. 71 A.D. IMP CAES 8rilai". The book. represents a comprehensive new VESP ASIAN A VG PM TRP PP COS m. Laureate hd. approach (0 the coinage incorporating all the f. Rv. IVDAEA CAPrA. Emperor std. f. hld. spear archaeological as well as numismatic evidence and parazonium; Jewess seated r. mourning under known on the subject. Manufacturing techniques, the palm tree. RIC 427. 26.92g. Dark brown patina. sources of artistic inspiration, and the use of the E~cepfionally well struck and presuIJed for this coins in Celtic society are discussed. New popu.lar issu.e comme.morati"g the subjugalion of classifications include assignment of each issue to a Judea. good Vuy FIDe $4,500. British tribe.

BYZANTINE COINAGE Lucius Verus, 161·169 A.D. 69 AE Sestenius. IMP CAES L AVREL VERVS AVG. Grierson, Philip: ByzaltliM Coinage. Was hington. D.C .. Laureate &rid cuirassed bust r. Rv. CONCORD 1982. 32 pages with coin photos. Cardcover. AVGVSTOR TRP D S C; COS D in ex. Verus and $7.5 O. Aurelius clasping hands. RIC 131 1. 24.97g. Magnificent glassy gree" paina. Superb slyle. Grierson. Philip. Byzantine Coins. 1982, 411pp., 95 Extremely FIDe $2,500. plates, maps, bibliography, etc. Standard teubook. on Byzantine coins and monetary history. Hardcover $110.00 EDWARD J WADDELL, LTD. Suite 1104, 7910 Wood mont Ave. Bethesda, MD. 20814 MEMBER ANA

PNO. r.!7S (301) 654-0470 XXII The Celator August 1989

·Cappadocia Conllnued Irom page I

had a profound effect on the history of This prototype for the drachms is throne over the claims of Orophemes Judaea as well. Many of these desaibed as, (OP!»EPNOY NIKH4>OPOY c. Cappadocian nngs were contemporaries Obverse: Diademed portrait head of 158?-1571 BCE) who later, with the afthe Hasmoneans (c.170-37 BCE) and bacldng of Rome. usurped the throne Herodians (37 BCE - 70 CE) of Judaea King in profile, right Reverse: Athena Nicephoros ("victory when Ariarathes V refused to marry the dwing the Second Commonwealth. sistero(lOemetrius I Soter (c. 162-150 As with many of the Jewish kings. bringing") standing Lef~ crested helme~ shield & spear in her left hand. tiny BCE), Seleucid king. Cappadocian monarchs' support of Figure 3. Ariarathes VII Nike in bet right hand. With the aide of Attalus II Hellenization caused political upheavals Philadelphus (c. 159-138 BCE), King of Philomentor, c. 112-99 BCE. Obv: and tension among ruler. nobility and Greek inscriptions of reverse, field-­ Young head of King, right ; wide P~gamum, whom he had studied with Right BAlJAE!ll: (KING); diadem tied behit'd ear. Rev: the local peasantry. Ariarathes V, in in Athens (c. 178 BCE), Ariarathes IV particular. advocated Greek ways and Left: Dynastic name, i.e., Athena Nicephoros, standing left, eventually unseated Demetrius I and left foot and leg extended; crested even became an honorary citizen of APIAPA80Y: (ARIARATIlES); overcame Orophernes (who is survived Athens. helmet; shield leaning against her Below: Ekename, i.e., EYEEBOYl: by some rare and beautiful portrait left leg is steadied by her left hand (EUSEBES); tetradrachms found in the temple to also holding long pointed spear; Portrait CoInage Athena at Priene). Winged Nike standing right in Unlike the Jews. however, the Exergue: Regnal year in Greek numerals, i.e., r.:1 (3+30). [A small digression, follow this if Athena's right hand, extends wreath Cappadocian kings followed the lead of you will: it was at the age of 61, that toward goddess. Date in exergue, 8 the Ptolemies and Seleucids whose Athena, in Greek mythology, was a Attalus II philadelphus Cbrother­ _ year 9 (c. 104 BCE). Several coinage bear portraits of living loving~) succeeded to the throne of monograms. AR drachm, 17.5mm, monarchs on the obverses, and Greek goddess borne of Zeus. She is warlike <.10g. and usually depicted wearing a crested Pergamum on the death of his devoted inscriptions and dates on the reverses. brother Eumenes II Soter. Attalus This and neighboring kingdoms of Asia helmet and breastplate. carrying a spear and shield. Her playmate was Nike, the actually married his brother's widow, Minor (as well as the Parthian and Indo· Pontus. Ariarathes VII's reign was winged figure of victory. On the Stratonice, princess of Cappadocia, who Greek kingdoms of the East), all of tumultuous. As a young boy, his drachms, Athena always stands Left, you will recall was the daughter of which grew up under the shadow of the Ariarathes IV. So, Ariarathes V's mother ruled as regent for him, Seleucid monarchy. struck astonishingly while Nike stands either Right or Left. however, when Laodice later married In 193/2 BCE, Ariarathes IV Eusebes student friend and helpmate was also his realistic portrait coins. This is Nicomedes III Euergetes (c. 120-94 married as his second wife, Antiochis, brother-in-law!] especially interesting in light of the BCE) of Bithynia, he was forcibly the daughter of his then Syrian ally. During Ariarathes V's long 34-year fixed conventionality of Persian darics deposed. Antiochus ill the Great (younger son of reign, he Hellenized. the country and and sigloi (which retained anonymous Now, the boy's uncle was none other Seleucus II). After the Battle of intervened in the affairs of Annenia. stylized poses of the "Great King" for Commagene, Syria, Bithynia and than Mithradates VI Eupator centuries). Magnesia (c. 189/8 BCE), he deserted his father-in-law and allied himself with Pergamum. He also founded the cities (MI8PAMTOY "Given by Mithra" The author's collection contains a ofEusebelas and Nyssa. number of silver drachms of each the Roman protegee. Eumenes IT Soter EYPATOPOl: "Born of a Noble ("saviour", c. 197-159 BCE). King of Father", c. 120-63 BCE), nicknamed Cappadocian dynasty, the drachm being Last of a Line an ideal medium for the celators of_ Pergamum, by offering his own "The Great", king of Pontus and daughter Sttatonice in marriage. This Ariarathes VI Epiphanes Philopator ancient Cappadocia to practice their Bosporus. He was Rome's arch-enemy was perhaps to escape the harsh (EnI~ANOY:E "God made manifest" for 25 years, through three 'Mithradatic' Hellenistic artistry of die-cutting and indemnity imposed by the Peace of 4>IAonATOPOl: "Father-loving", c. Wars (c. 88-63 BCE)! "Uncle" nrinting. [One silver drachm = 6 silver Apamea as wen as to fonn an alliance intervened and restored Ariarathes to oOOIs - 168 bronze prutot.] 130-112 BCE) was the youngest and vn with this new Asian power, the most only survivor of the six sons of the throne, only to have a falling out powerful ruler in Asia Minor. He Ariarathes V. They were all IdUed by that resulted in his nephew's execution. Ariarathld Kings and their collaborated with Eumenes, now his their mother, queen Nysa Mithradates then put his own son up for Coins son-in-law, against Pharnaces I of (BAl:IAIl:l:Hl: NYl:Hl:), in an effort the throne. The historical roots of this Pontus (c. 183 BCE). to extend her own regency. Shades of The Cappadocian people, however, continuous regal series can be traced Ariarathes' drachms are common and Herod the Great (40137-4 CE)! rebelled and recalled from exile another back to Ariarathes the First bear regnal year dating: 3. 30. 31, and He appears to have struck no son of Ariarathes VI Epiphanes -- but (APIAPA80Y, c. 330·322 BCE), 33 (r, A, AA, rA). His tettadrachms tetradrachms. His . drachms, bearing Mithradates made short work. of him, too, and no coins are known (Ariarathes Satrap of Cappadocia. Under the are scarce and bear the dates 29 and 30 regnal years 1 to 15 (A - £t) show a weakening Persian grip, he evaded the VITI, c. 99·97 BCE). (8l{.A). Livy and Polybius mention marked resemblance to the portrait of expedition of Alexander, making Mithradates' son took the name that in 188 BCE, Ariarathes IV Eusebes his grandfather, Ariarathes IV Eusebes - himself more or less independent His Ariarathes IX Eusebes Philopator was forced by the Romans to pay a huge it would be easy to mis-attribute them coins, which do not bear the title (EY:EEBOYl: " Pia us" indemnity for the aid he had received from the obverse alone. (See. Figure "King", resemble those of Sinope and/or from their enemy Antiochus Ill; This 2.) ~IAO[JATOPOl: "Father-loving", c. Mazaeus of Cilicia and bear his name in would account for the large number of 99-87 BCE) when he assumed the Aramaic letters (Ariorat). known drachms of the 33rd year (rA). Cappadocian throne. His drachms are of From 322 to 301 BCE, after the usual type but his tetradrachms are (See Figure I). Ariarathes I's death at the hands of rare and closely modeled on the Pontic Perdiccas (an Alexandrian successor), reverses of his illustrious father (there is Cappadocia was ruled by: Eumenes of also a remarkable resemblance). Cardia; Nicanor; Antigonus; Lysimachus; and. finally, by Seleucus Roman Influence Nicater -- all in a quick succession. Although Rome had yet to make its Ariarathes I's son, Ariarathes D (c. move toward the East, the Senate reacted 301-280 BCE), recovered the southern Figure 2. Ariarathes VI Epiphanes Philopator, c. 130·112 quickly to intervene to frustrate portion of the satrapy (Cappadocia BCE. Obv: Diademed head of King, Mithradates' expansion and to protect Seleucus), as a Seleucid vassal. [The Figure 1. Ariarathes IV Eusebes, right, with long side curl. Rev: the ready supply of Anatolian slave northern portion had already been c. 220-163 BCE. Obv: Young head Athena Nicephoros, standing left; labor. (Cappadocian slaves were claimed by Mithradates of Pontus.] His of King, right; diadem tied behind crested helmet; shield leaning purchased from the kings for an average son, Ariaramnes (AIIIAnMNOY, c. ear. Rev: Athena Nicephoros, against her left leg is steadied by her price of 400 denarii.) Cappadocia at this 280-230 BCE) won recognition of standing left; wearing crested left hand also holding long pointed time enters the most turbulent period in helmet; shield leaning against her spear (with branches?); Winged Nike independence sometime around 255 its history. Caught between Rome and BCE. Both appear to have struck only left leg is steadied by her left hand standing left(?) in Athena's right also holding long pointed spear; I"tand. Date in exergue, I _ year 7 (c. two great powers of the East -- Tigranes rare bronze issues. Winged Nike standing left in 1 "the Great" (TIrPANOY, C. 97-56 Ariaramnes' son and co-dynast 124 BCE). Several monograms. AR Athena's right hand, extends wreath drachm, 16.5mm, 4.16g. BCE), King of Armenia; and, Ariarathes ill (c. 2401-220 BCE), placed over King's name. Date in exergue, the title "King" on his coins. He was Mithradates VI Eupator (see above) -­ rA • year 33 (c. 188 BCE). Several the new dynasty formed by Senate married to Stratonice, sister of Seleucus monograms. AR drachm, 17.5 mm, n Callinicus (c. 246-226 BCE) -­ His assassination in 112 BCE was selection of the Cappadocian nobleman 4.13g. [All Coins are Collection of engineered by a nobleman named Ariobarzanes, bounced about on the probably during the Third Syrian War, the Author.) when a friendly Cappadocia formed a Gordus, with Roman approval, who shock waves of the Mithradatic Wars. Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios vital link between Syria and western placed his own eldest son on the throne Asia Minor. He founded Ariaratheia as of Cappadocia as Ariarathes VII (APIOBAPIANOY 4>IAOPOMAlOY his capital city. The Great Hellenizer Philomentor (~IAOMHTOPOl: "Lover of the Romans", c. 96-63 BCE) The customary types for Cappadoc~ Perhaps greatest of the Cappadocian "Mother-loving", c. 112-99 BCE). This see:ms to have struck only drachms, drachms and tetradrachms were kings was Ariarathes V Eusebes act ended the 200-year chain of inherited with intermittent regnal years ranging established with the coinage of Philopator (EYl:EBOYl: "Pious~ monarchy. from two to thirty-four (B - M) (See, Ariarathes IV Eusebes (EYl:EBOYl: ~IAOITATOPOl: "Father-Loving". c. His drachms are dated six to twelve (~ Figure 4). His reign is very aptly "Pious", c. 220-164/3 BCE), son of 163-130 BCE). · younger son of - BI). no tetradrachms are known. described by Newell thus: Ariarathes m whom he succeeded at a Ariaratbes IV Eusebes. He studied in (Figure 3.) The ~mother" referred. to young age . Athens as a youth and suCc~ to the was Laodice, sisler of Mithradates of P...... tum to page XXIII ...... , ... , .. . , , ... , .. , .... . , . , ...... ' . l11e Celator August 1989 XXlH

Cappadocia Contloood from page XXII

/n 93 BCE he was driven out by Ariobarzanes II Philopator A word about the coins: although it TigraMs of Armenia, replaced by (cDIAOrIATOPOE "Father-loving") is certainly imprudent to draw {Roman} Sullo in 92, cllased out by managed to rule for eleven years (c. 63- conclusions from a single. incomplete Mirhrad4res in 91. replaced by L. S2 BCE) and issue drachms with the type set, it seems chat the style of these Cassius and Q. Oppius in 90, again drachms regnal daleS seven and eight (I and H). royal portrait deteri LkellJtd A.Udio. C...,.",y , 968 tmli: 1 . 1eif'I1IfNir.tNsV_...... ,.Il>yIhl~~IIf~ (c. '5(1-157 ac£). Richard H. Ponte rio - President l.JI...... 2. OIp-.Iby lht~ tlltllndllln VIE.... u.6NII.. IIfPllrltul ...... ,... __ ~ 1X . .. tho tIIrww. .' :·:XXIlIl .: :- The Celator .', August 1~89

Hadrian Continued from page I

years between his vis it to Judaea in intention was to create a Roman colony second group (b) related to the Legio X heathen gods. No choice was left to spring/summer 130 and the outbreak of and city. Fretensis, and the specimen associated them but to interrupt the. building of the the war in the summer of 132. The This brings this paper to the point of with this paper. Mildenberg assigns colony. beginnings of the city after lhe war is the coin in question. Hadrian struck this group as an exceptional issue struck The coinage made by these Romans rejected both on the grounds of Dia's bronze coins in Jerusalem, which he during the war, by the isolated camp of made the position even more despicable statement and on numismatic grounds as renamed Aelia Capitolina after his Legio X Fretensis at Aelia. however I and humiliating to them. hoards have been found with Bar family, the Aelian gens, and the believe it was struck earlier before the So they began a desperate war. which Kokhba pieces and issues of Hadrian principal Roman deity, Jupiter war and while the Tenth Legion still lasted for three years. This war became from Aelia Capitolina. Also Hadrian Capitolinu s. The pieces are not dated, retained Aelia Capitolina. 4 one of the most costly of all in this fell ill early in 136. shortly after the end are extremely rare and poorly preserved period to the Romans. The aging of the war and he would be very for the most part.3 Hadrian issued 9 emperor fIrst set a mighty battle plan in preoccupied with the settling of the types, preserved by less than 100 motion which, however, in the plains, succession question. The heyday of his specimens (69 noted by Kadman in his hills, mountains and deserts of Judaea founding of cities. cults and games has Corpus). The issues fall into three could not make any headway against at this time long gone for Hadrian. groups, all with Hadrian's bust on the Shim'on resolute guerillas. The Roman Hadrian's visit to Iudaea was regarded obverse. forces were beaten, annihilated or as very important, being part of his besieged in their castles and fortifIed Hellenization scheme. The issues of the a) Medium bronzes with three camps. The Tenth Legion Fretensis Adventus and Province type coinage different reverses using: i) a was forced to abandon Jerusalem. between 130 and 132 for Judaea, bear as representation of Hadrian as founder Hadrian Aelia Capitotina Another, the Twenty Second Legion, Toynbee notes; plowing with bull and cow during the Legio X Fretensis coming from Egypt, was routed and ceremony of wc ircumductio aratri", ii) destroyed. Jerusalem (Aelia Capitolina) "a pointed reference to the new Gretle Tyche standing left within hexastyle The specimen that I have is one fell into the hands of the victorious its Judaea with rising population which temple, iii) Jupiter Capitotinus seated representing the eagle on the reverse. A Jewish fIghters and remained in their Hadrian had crea'ed round his new between Minerva and Juno within a Tile fragment exists that shows the possession for at least two years. Not Jerusalem, 'he colony of AeUa distyle temple. stamp of the Tenth Roman Legion until Hadrian's most experienced General Capitolina... 2 b) Small bronzes with signs of the illustrating a prow, a boar and the Julius Severns and another nine legions Legio X Fretensis (Eagle, boar and prow legend LEG.X.F. Another coin issued brought in from all over the empire, did Hadrian, with his passion for of war galley). by Herennius EtruscusS has a boar the Roman reconquest begin. The building, and especially for rebuilding c) Medium bronzes with busts of surmounted by an eagle and this topped Jewish losses were horrific. Dio old and famous cities, undoubtably Sabina, Aelius or Antoninus Pius on by a banner inscribed L X F (Legio Cassius estimates them at 580,000 with planned in the early years of his reign to the reverse. Decima Fretensis). The lOth legion 50 fortifIed towns and 985 villages rebuild Jerusalem, which had been used all three symbols and it is these des troyed.. J udaea had become a desert. laying in ruins for 50 years. Probably that were employed on the reverses of he spoke to the representatives of the Mildenberg assigns the fIrst group (a) the second group (b), Jews about his intention and this may to the issue immediately associated with be the cause of the historical essence of the foundation of the city in 130-1 A.D. the story delivered by the Jewish and The third group (c) is associated in the Samaritanian sources, that Hadrian main because of links to succession of promised to rebuild the Holy Temple. Hadrian to the issues after 135 A.D. Hadrian arrived in Judaea in 130 and following the successful completion of soon it became evident that the the Bar Kokhba war. This leaves the

Miinzen ond Medaillen AG Silver Denarius Tile fragment 'bearing stamp Bar Kokhba War For 45 years of Tenth Roman Legion It is relevant to note that the Roman we have been serving This legion was the most famous of losses were abo high as Cornelius Hadrian's 30 legions. It's beginnings Fronto writing to Marcus Aurelius and came with Caesar but it achieved the Lucius Verus states: collectors of Ancient Coins ... name Fretensis from Fretum Siculum, where it excelled in the naval battle "not to be discouraged by Roman losses and we would like between Agrippa and Sextus Pompeius in the Parthian War, bu, to remember in 36 B.C. By 6 A.D. the legion was the very great number of Romans slain to serve you too! in Syria. It took part in various by the Jews at the time of their campaigns including the destruction of grand/ather Hadrian, and yet finally the Jerusalem in 70 A.D. and besieged victory was theirs. ,>6 Masada in 73 A.D. It was stationed as a permanent unit in Provincia Judaea, and moved into the new founded colony of Aelia Capitolina. This legion was, to say the least, not popular with the Jewish people, being the living reminder of the legion that destroyed the sacred city and the temple, while also protecting th6 ~b uil ding of this Roman city with its temples and in particular the Temple or-Jupiter over the Holy of ·Monthly Illustrated Fixed Price Lists· Holies . • Public Sales • Appraisals • To have a coinage issued that portrays the symbols of this legion, and • Large Stock in All Price Ranges • in particular the use of the eagle. which was also placed on the doors of the new • Buying and SeIling. temple of Jupiter, made the coin appear as a constant reminder to the people of the sacrilege done by the Romans to the Please send us your w&~t list. We will fill it! Jews. Bronze issue The Jews could endure and suffer the Bar Kokhba War sight of Jerusalem destroyed and in Year 3 Please contact: ruins. but never consent to its An interesting coin, from the re· · reconstruction and rebuilding as a city of established city of Aelia Capitolina. Miinzen und Medaillen AG the heathens with a temple of Jupiter on published by Meyshan, indicates on the the site of the sanctuary of the Holy of reverse of the coin that the standard P. O. Box 3647 • Malzgasse 25 Holies. They saw the Roman colonists, portrayed names the Fifth Legion (from CH - 4002, Basel, Switzerland intended inhabitants of the new city, Macedon). Meysham claims that this arrive and settle in the houses; and they legion was responsible for recapturing Tel. (061) 23 75 44 watched the stones of the sanctuary being used to erect temples to the Please tum to page XXXI . XXV ·The · Celator August ~989 Legionary antoniniani featured in Malloy sale Coming Events .... While the legionary denarii of Mark a strong presentation of Greek and Antony, iss'ued to pay his troops and Ptolemaic bronze, Roman Imperial, and Aug.4-S MNA Conv., St. Louis Aprt Marriott marked with specific legion numbers, medieval Scandinavian material, as well are familiar to most collectors of as a detailed listing of medieval Spanish Roman coins, they are not the only coinage. Aug. 9 - 13 ANA Convention, Pittsburgh coins of the series to cite legions. At Individual lots of particular note various points throughout the Empire, included an emergency issue Athenian Aug. 18 -19 Ponterio Auction, (C.O.I.N.) during periods of civil war, as well as tetradrachm of the type mentioned in reigns such as those of Marcus Aristophanes' "The Frogs," a denarius of Aug. 18 - 20 C.O.I.N., Los Angeles Airport Hitton Aurelius, Septirnius Severus, Gallienus, Mark Antony and Cleopatra, and a Victorious, and Carausius, other coins _bronze issue of Shakespeare's Aug. 26 - 27 Twin Cijies Expo, SI. Paul were issued to honor specific legions as Cynbeline. Pedigrees included the well. These are all far farer than their collections of J. Pierpont Morgan, the Sap. 7 Christie's Auction, New York Imperatorial predecessors. During the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Muntoni, years 258-59 Gallienus issued a number and the family of John Quincy Adams. Greater NY Show, NYC of antoniniani from the Milan mint Sap. 7 - 10 naming legions. These types bore not These sales of classical coinage have only the legions' numbers and names, taken on a new significance in light of Sap. 8 - 10 CSNS conv., Battle Creek, MI but also honorifIC titles such as pia and the current strong market conditions, fidelia. The type was typically the with prices realized being influenced by Sap_ 23 - 24 CNB, Chicago legion's "badgeft such as a centaur or the new values assigned in the 4th capricorn or bull. Issued at the point in edition of Sear's Roman Coins and Sap. 27 Gerhard Hirsch Auction, Munich time when Gallienus was placed in Thejr Values. According to Malloy, charge of the Western portions of the "There has been a new found interest in classical antiquity and collectibles of the Sap. 29 - 30 San Diego Show, Holiday Inn Empire, these scarce coins illu s tra~ the ancient world. The result has been a importance of the legions to the Oct5-8 Long Beach Expo suppression of Postumus' Gallic more vital, stronger ancient coin market" Readers may obtain auction rebellion. Oct. 9 Empire Coins Auction, London Five of these elusive antoniniani information by writing to Alex G. were featured in mail bid sale xxvm Malloy, Inc., P.O.B. 38, South Salem, conducted by veter.m ancient dealer Alex N.Y. 10590, or by calling (203) 438- Oct 12-14 COINEX, London G. Malloy. Also found in this sale was 0396. Nov. 4 London Coin Fair, Marble Arch Twin Cities club $95 Export Specials holds summer Nov. 10 -11 CNB, San Francisco ancients expo Nov. 16 - 19 Great American, Santa Clara, CA The Twin Cities Anclent Coin Club Nov. 17 -19 Bay State Coin Show. Boston will be holding its summer coin exposition August 26·27. The show will take place at the Signal Hills Shopping Center in West Saint Paul. Shore list offers attractive HOUTS for the event will be'from 10 to 5, Saturday and Sunday. The exposition will feature ancient Greek and Roman coins and foreign coins. Coins, tokens, paper money. and bullion from the United Fred B. Shore, The Parthian collector's material. States will also be represented. For Numismatics, has issued list number 42 Highlights of the list include a very bourse information, contact Kenn of classical coins at fixed prices. rare civil war denarius (RIC 18) and an Hollister at the Twin Cities Ancient Offering 5S lots of attractive but argenteus of Constantius I in EF relatively inexpensive Greek and Roman Coin Club. Box 7451, Minneapolis, condition. Shore has also announced a examples in both silver and bronze, Minnesota 55407, or call (612) 822· new telephone number: (215) 275 - Shore provides some very nice 8151. 3430. For information about List 42 call or write to Fred B. Shore, P.O. Box 36, Fort Washington. PA 19034. You don't want to "\ BOSTON... miss even one ANS tradition Issue of Ancient and Foreign Coin Mecca o/The Northeast! spans 130 years The Cefator BAY STATE COIN SHOW For more then 130 years the ANS Subscribe todayl has been an international center for the 25th Anniversary Year study and exhibition of coins. medals November 17, 18. 19 - 1989 and paper money, representative of 2,500 years of material culture. The .... "5'" PARK PLAZA HOTEL Society's exhibitions, which contain Specialist in Ancient Coins Room rfttrfttJobs: 617-412·1100 nearly one million historical artifacts also stock World Minor Coins, Medals, Crowns, Over 24 ~ars... and miniature artistic masterpieces, and Artifacts, Books and Coin cases ~Nt:w England's Largest Coin Shbtv!/!" the world's most comprehensive library ChairmaD: Ed AJeo of numismatic literature attract Our inventory is amoog the finest in America, Due 10 mainlaining Ihe thousands of visitors. For membership most active COIlYellbon schedule of all ancient coin we buy and sell Box 400, Wiochester, MA 01890 dwen. information write: American a tremtDClouJ selcctioD of all types of numismatic material. ~ 617-729-9677 ./. Numismatic Society, 155th SL at ESPECIALLY NEED Broadway, New York. NY 10032. Gold and Silver of tbe 12 Caesars

We altelId and will fCp«Seot you at major auctions. In the past two years we have completed five set! of the 12 Caesars in Gold. WE FILL WANT LISTS support your and publish quarterly catalogs Aff coins guarantesct genuine and have a 14 day retum privil8ge Jorget to . GEORGE M. BEACH ······· mention Numiscellaneous P.O. Box 113 Owosso, M148861 - (511) 634·5415 Over 20 years in business ANA District Rep . • Central U.S. Director, C.N.A. -.XXVl The Celalor AuguSl1989 More on fourrees Fourrees appeal to technically oriented collectors

by Douglas Smith overlapping seams would completely exposed by an unnaturally low weight 75% intact silver with relatively little From the beginning of coinage until disappear. Certain distinction between or specific gravity. Most collectable design damage will sell for less than a relatively recent days. pieces of precious these two techniques requires cutting the examples of this numismatic oddity are quarter of the same coin in good silver metal bore the mark: of the issuing coin in half and examination of the pieces with a little core exposure on the with similar wear and detail. Coins authority attesting to the value of the cross section under a metalographic high points or edges of the coin. Prices over half peeled or missing important metal used in the coin. Proper weight microscope. A good variety of fourrees on these items vary greatly from dealer details (e.g. the face of the emperor) and fmeness of coins was taken so were subjected to this examination by to dealer. Simply being identified as a usually sell for the lowest price the seriously that mint officials attempting William Campbell in his classic "Greek plated piece will cut the value by at dealer places on any coin (the "nuisance to profit by releasing substandard coins and Roman Plated Coins", American least hruf. Core exposure further reduces value" for handling it). Exceptions to were risking the death penalty. A Numismatic Society, Numismatic that value according to the degree of this are found when the coin is a great plating technique was developed that Notes and Monographs No. 57, 1933. ugliness and the overall percentage of rarity and the fourree might serve as a allowed producing more than a pound of A more simple technique produced a intact silver. On average, a piece with space filler. "silver" coins from a pound of silver thinner layer of silver which would without using a debased alloy that quickly wear through exposing the would be inunediateiy discovered by the fraud. Copper blanks were sprinkled man on the street. with powdered eutectic alloy and heated Fourrees (this word is spelled until the coating flowed over the cores. regularly with either one or two r'g or This became the method of choice when e's), subaerati. or plated coins were debasement made the use of pure silver struck on flans of copper (or, envelopes too expensive. Since occasionally, brass) covered with a layer examples of this method exist from the of silver. Fourrees should be carefully Republican period and enveloped coins distinguished from the late Roman coins exist as late as the early Third Century of very base silver that were given a A.D., it would be a mistake to date an thin wash of silver that could have issue wholly from the technique. fooled no one. Style on the surviving plated pieces Collectable ConslderaUons ~es from very barbaric to equal to the Fourrees exist representing most of regular mint product. Collectors must the Roman Emperors and personalities. . aVOid trying to force aU of these issues I have seen enough examples of the into one explanation. Some were the early Roman period to feel comfortable resuh of official mint policy; some were stating that a fourree portrait set is probably produced "on the side" by mint possible to at least 238 A.D. Fourrees workers with full access to official dies; are so common during the Imperatorial and some were counterfeits made by period that all coins should be checked persons of varying skills. Fourrees carefully before paying a non-fourree exist from the early Greek Archaic price. Fourrees even exist of the period down to the time in Third Republican serrate issues which were Century Rome when the very debased notched to insure the use of good silver. regular issues with a thin silver wash Some plated pieces have test stamps or made heavy plating obsolete. As with cuts that do not penetrate the silver. any imitative or counterfeit issue, it is This suggests the issuer used the marks possible that some of these pieces were in the hope of convincing later owners made years after the normal issues of the of the coin that it had passed a test and same type. was good silver. In the Greek series, fourrees are most Technical ConSiderations common in South Italian coins. Several techniques were used to Drachms of Mexander the Great and produce plated coins. Most conunon Athenian tetradrachms are also and most successful were coins struck commonly found plated. History on !lans consisting of a copper core records that Athens officially issued wrapped in a , silver foil envelope. plated coins as emergency coinage after Before striking, these hans were heated the loss of the war with Sparta at the to a temperature causing bonding of the close of the Fifth Century. silver to the copper through the Few coin types can be called ILLUSTRATIONS denarius. 3.4g. 32-31 B.C., very formation of the 3: I silver/copper alloy common as a fourree compared to the obvious envelope seams and con­ same issue in good silver. Obviously known as "eutectic". This alloy has a TOP ROW : siderable chipping reveal a flan poorly melting point (778 degrees Celsius) the ancient owners of many hoards must prepared before striking. have rejected plated pieces and only left: Kalchedon, Bithynia, drachm or lower than either of the component sig los. Early 4th century B.C., Seaby Center: Tiberius, "Tribute Penny", 14- buried away good coinage. Considering metals. A slight variation of this 3738. 4.0g. No overlap of silver is visible 37 A.D. 3.0g. Seams and worn high technique involved the intentional this, it is amazing that so many fourrees but the thick silver layer was probably points reveal an example with a thick addition of eutectic (possibly in a survived antiquity. produced by the silver foil method. silver envelope. powdered form) between the layers Except to a few collectors of the Center: Neapolis. Campania, didrachm, Right: Nero, 54-68 A.D. 3.2g C119. Barbaric style. Thin seamless silver coat before heating. This is a use of silver variety, fourrees are despised by the 325-241 B.C., Seaby 307 (var.), Campbell 34. 5.3g. Overlap seam near appears to have been produced by the solder to join the layers. majority of coin dealers and collectors. melted eutectic technique. Core Coins made by either of these The flaking away of part of the silver right edge proves a thick silver foil envelope was used. Only two small exposure is mostly on reverse. methods often show seams where the coating leaves many fourrees in a areas of core exposure under bull betray silver foil layers overlapped on the face condition that is worse than merely this as plated. -~ FOURTH ROW: of the coin. If the heating was ugly. Coins with intact silver may not Right: Parthia - Mithradates I, drachm, Left: Hadrian, brockage denarius, 134- sufficient to melt the silver layer, the be recognized as plated unless they are 171-138 B.C., Sellwood 10/1. 4.07g. 138 A.D. 3.1 g. Worn spots rimmed in a Traces of envelope seams remain after more porous silver sugest this was heavy striking. produced with the foils joined by added eutectic ("silver solder technique"). The SECOND ROW: combination of fourree and the brockage Left: Republic 78-77 B.C., Claudia 5. error is unusual. Serrate denarius. 3.4g. OVerlap seams Center: Clodius Albinus, 193 A.D. 2.2g. visible. Core exposure on horses and in Only about 5% of this coin is still covered some of the edge cuts (others are filled with the thin silver layer produced by the with dirt and corrosion). How (or if) the melted eutectic tech nique. The reverse metal inside the cuts was made to look of this coin is Commodus RSC 561a silver is not dear. which is listed as a -hybrid". Such Center: Republic c.54 B.C. Junia 30. mismatching of dies suggests unofficial 2.0g. Seams visible. Core revealed by origin even though the dies are deep test cuts on both sides. Several believable. The pOrtrait is very early and die breaks raise the question if this coin looks more like Septimius Severus than was struck from dies retired from selVice. Albinus. Right: Julius Caesar and Augustus, Right: Gordian III. Barbaric denarius, denarius, 38 B.C., RSC 5. 2.4g. Large, 238-244 A.D. 3.0g. Obviously unofficial thin flan still shows some envelope (probably Eastem) style has a thin silver seams. coat produced by melted eutectic. The silver on this coin is still considerably THIRD ROW: thicker than found on the late Roman Left: Mark Antony Legionary (LEG X) silver washed issues. The Celalor AugusI1989 XXVII

Joel L. Malter & Co. Inc., Proudly

Announces Auction XLII, Parts 1 & 2 ""<-.-

Gold Aureus of Caligula Gold Aureus of Ancient Judaea (37-41 A.D) Othe (69 A.D.) 2nd Revolt large bronze 132-135, year 4

. Part 1. The Brin Collection of Ancient Jewish Coins, Books, Stamps and Classical Antiquities.

Part 2. Gold coins; Ancient to Modern

On Saturday, September 9th, Joel L. Malter & Co., Inc. in conjunction with the Greater New York Numismatic Convention will conduct this important auction. Two separate catalogues are now available.

Part 1. Features Ihe Howard Brin Collection of Ancient Jewish coins. An extremely fine year "four" Second Revolt large bronze is just one highlight from this auction. Most types of Ancient Judaean coins including Judaea Capta issues, City Coin issues from Aelia Capitolina, 400 plus examples of Pontius Pilate and numerous multiple coin lots are featured. Choice Greek and Roman coins in bronze and silver . add to this fine sale. Also, Numismatic books, Mr. Brin's stamp collections and an important collection of WWII political cartoons. A choice collection of ancient Near-Eastern seals and other artifacts from the Middle-East are included. Over 375 lots.

Part 2. GOLD COINS. Featuring a fine collection of ancient Greek, Roman, Medieval, Indian and modern gold coins of the World. Over 340 lots.

Illustrated Catalogs are $10 each, please specify part 1 or 2.

The next jumbo issue of the Journal of Ancient Art will be available soon. Send $6.00 for your copy.

Joel L. Malter & Co., Inc.

PO Box 777 Encino, CA 91316 Phone (818) 784 - 7772 FAX (818) 784 - 4726 FAX (805) 987 - 0~02 XXVIII The Celator August 1989

Procurators Continued from page X

adopted into the Julian fami ly by These concurrent issues went on offensive, bearing Julia Augusta's name, any coins. Augustus' bequest in his final will and until the end of year 4 (18 C.E.). a testimony to her continuing influence, Early in 41, Herod Agrippa aided testamenL Her new officiaJ name was T iberius had repeatedly made it known and three barley ears. The barley ears Claudius in his accession to the ~ Julia Augusta." The coins of Gratus that a ruy "reasonable" honors should be could be taken as a double entendre, a Imperial throne by acting as . that carried her name (JOVAlA _ Julia) given to women, vetoing, for instance. reference not only to the fertility of intermediary between him and the senate made no mention of Tiberius except his a Senatorial proposal that the month of Iudaea, but also to the fertility of the in the crucial and tumultous 24-hour current regnal year on the opposite side October be renamed "Livius" in his empress-dowager, the wife and mother period following the murder of Caligula. (see figures 5-7. Heodin 105. 107. 108). mother's honor (Suetonius, Tib.26). of emperors (see fig. 14, Hendin 113). In gratitude, Claudius ceded to Agrippa's Thus, Gratus may have thou ght it As Tiberius' 87-year-old mother died in small tetrarchy all of the territories that prudent to diminish the prominence of this year, it is not surprising that her had belonged to his grandfather. Herod Julia Augusta's name on the coins. He name does not appear on subsequent the Great. This included Judaea; thus issued new coin types with Tiberius' issues. the lepta issued. at that time proclaimed name on the obverse and Julia's on the the kingship of Herod Agrippa rather reverse, accompanied by the regnal date. than the suzerainty of Rome. After These were issued intenninenlly (years Agrippa's death in 44, Judaea reverted to I 4, 5, and 11), until Gratus was replaced ~) procuratorial rule. However, it was not by Pilate (fjgures 11-13, Hendin 110- FI{lUre14 ~ until the end of Claudius' reign when 112). Antonius Felix (52-59 C.E.) issued a Pilate's later issues are panicularly vast quantity of lepta, the first by a interesting because they are really quite procurator in twenty-two years. : ~~ \ personalized. The "litous," or augur's The appointment of the ex-slave ~ . I @I i w!lfl~ pictured on coins of the year 17 Felix may have seemed a downgrading of the procuratorship; however, it was Fl{JUre 7 ~ ) and 18 (30-32 C.E.), may have been • placed. there not only to mortify the really an upgrading of the post as he had Jews, but also to honor Tiberius, and extremely significant political and True. Gratus did issue coins Pilate himself. The Augurs were the familial connections. His brother concurrently for Tiberius (fig. 8-10, official diviners of signs, portents, and Pallas, also a freedman, was the Hendin 104. 106. 108), but coins omens of all types, prognosticating Emperor Claudius' "praepositus a dedicated solely to honoring his mother good. or evil for future events. No rationibus" (chief accountant) and was give a fair indication of her power and important state or military events allied to Claudius' fourth wife, the influence immediately after the death of comQlenced until the time was Empress Agrippina, all of which made Augustus. In fact, senatorial decrees of pronounced. "auspicious." For instance, him one of the most powerful and the time addressed the Emperor as the the announcement of Claudius' death and important men in Rome. Felix himself "son of Julia Augusta." which never Nero's elevation to the throne was was connected to the Emperor by ceased to rankle Tiberius. delayed a whole day until the augurs marriage; Claudius' maternal pronounced the auspices favorable. So grandfather, Marcus Antonius. was also Pontius Pilate arrived in 26 C.E., prestigious was the lifetime office of grandfather to Felix's first wife, and did not waste much time in augur, that Patricians and Emperors Drusilla. Thus by descent. or by conunitting insults and crimes against deemed it a priviledge to belong to the marriage, they were both grandsons of the Jews. He offended the Jews, not ftfteen-member "collegium," making the the great Triumvir. only by bringing legionary eagles into honor on their coinage. Before Felix emphasized these connections Jerusalem and affixing sacred Roman becoming governor of Judaea, Pilate had shields to the governor's palace, but a150 on his coinage. On one issue, dated become an augur, and it is quite year founeen (54 C.E.), we find the by the symbols on his coins. His first possible that his emminence in this Empress' name, lOYAlA Af'PlrrmNA issue in 28-30 C.E. carried the name of field won rum the emperor's favor, for (Julia Agrippina), taking pride of place Tiberius on the obverse, and a Tiberius was an ardent believer in "simpulum," or, sacrificial ladle. This augury and astrology. Thus ... it may be on the obverse, surrounded by a laurel was an obvious reference to Tiberius' concluded that the augur's wand appeared. wreath. The Emperor's name, position as "pontifex maximus" (chief on Pilate's later issues as a -point of TI(BEPIOC) KAAY610C priest) of the Roman state religion, pride in his "priesthood" (sacerdotium), KAICAP(OC) rEPM(ANIKOC ) which was abomin able to Jewish as well as an unsubtle mockery of (Tiberius Claudius Caesar Gennanicus), sensibilities. The reverse was less Jewish religious sensibilities (See fig. is found on the reverse with the regnal 15-18, Hendin 114-115). year (1..1:1 - 14) and two crossed palms. The emphasis given to Agrippina is no doubt due to her influence in helping ~ ~ Felix to obtain his post (fig. 17. Hendin 118). ~ Figur81sf!!J1Y The other issue by Felix is a study in tact. Faced with two possible heirs to FIXED PRICE LISTS and AUCTIONS the throne -- Britannicus, Claudius' son '}"wturino Coin.< of tfu PtckmUs by his third wife, Valeria Messalina, and Nero, Agrippina's son by an earlier marriage to L. Domitius Ahenobarbus--, Felix discreetly named them both on the same coin. On the obverse are two crossed shields with spears, a type with slightly offensive ovenones, copied from an imperial denarius honoring the Emperor's father, Drusus the Elder (fig. 18. Se" 492). Nero's name, NEPW(NOC) KAAY(6IOC) KAIC(APOC) (Nero . " Claudius Caesar), appears on the ~. ) . obverse, while Britannicus' name @" i. BPIT(ANNIKOC) KAI(CAPOC ) ',.'" Rgure 18 ' . ' (Britannicus Caesar), appears on the Write for lists: reverse with a more traditional palmtree No more coins were issued by Pilate (fig. 19, Hendin 17). Why Nero's name STEPHEN M. HUSTON after 32 C.E., and in 36, after ten should have taken precedence over unsucCessful years governing Judaea, Britannicus' may be due to Agrippina"s Classical Numismatist Pilate was finall y recalled to Rome, influence. Also, when Nero had come P.O. Box 3621 where he arrived after Tiberius' death -­ of age, Claudius issued denarii honoring San Francisco, CA 94119 - USA at which point Pilate passed from his adopted son as "Princeps Iuventutis" (The Prince of the Youth), a designation (415)781-7580 history into legend. After Pilate's departure in 36, Judaea for the heir-apparent (fig. 20, Sear 567). was left without a procurator; however, The precedent for this occurred in Office: 582 Market Street, Suite 1011. San Francisco one was soon appointed by the Syrian Augustus' reign, when his grandsons governor, Vitellius (father of the fu-ture ' and designated heirs Caius and Lucius CstaJogUBS Authentication Coin Photography emperor by the same name). The Caesars were named "Principes procurators under Gaius Caligula, who Iuventutis" by the equestrian order after ...... succeeded. Tiberius in 37, did not issue . . . Please tum to page XXX .- ., ... , , , •• , • , • , , , '.' • '0' • , .... , ..•••• ... ,. " .. , .. , .. , ...... , .... ,' ... . . The Celator August 1989 xxv.

Very Rare Medieval Hungarian Silver Coins With Hebrew Letters Offered By Superior

Throughout history, Judaic coins have preserved physical proof of the triumph of adversity .... from the overstriking of Roman coins by Simon Bar Kokbba during the Second Revolt against Rome (132-135 CEI to the production of Israel's first crude coins in a Tel I Aviv cutlery factory early in 1948 while the newly : proclaimed country was fighting off the mighty Arab j armies. Bar Kokhba's first name appears on his cOi?s, , and we know that Alfred Salzman struck Israel's fust coins from dies engraved by Moshe Muro. Other Judaic coin issuers have left only tantalizing hints as to their identities. The appearance on the numismatic market place of a group of exceedingly rare small silver coins struck in medieval Hungray, are historic pieces of evidence in a mysterious

numismatic puzzle. In the 13th century, Hungarian "Akph" typc, .ilver 0001, under S,~ph.oo v, AD 1271).12720bv: Head of 'he King '0 leh. [rucription around; + MONETA . state policy permitted the mint to be farmed out. UNGARIE. Rev: Large oltph K bt,weCfl two bird •. BibliokIopby: Huo=r, L. MUENZXATALOG UNGARN, Munich 1979. No. 351; Rethy, L. CORPUS NUMMORUM Between the years 1222 and 1234 the clergy and HUNGARIE. Vol. 1. Budopc" 1898. No. 291 nobility protested vehemently against the role of Jewish mint masters, and the matter was not settled until 1239, when Pope Gregory IX decided in favor of the Jewish interests. This tolerance continued until 1279, when the pressures grew more extreme and Jews were finally excluded. In this brief 40 year period, small " obols" were issued by unknown Jewish mint masters under Bela IV [1235-1270[ and Stephan V [1270-1272). Small quantities of three different issues, which were originally part of the Niklovits Collection in the National Hungarian Museum, (acquired around tbe tum of the Century), through a special deacquisition, are being offered individually and in sets by Superior Stamp and Coin Company. Ira Goldberg, who negotiated for this historic group, indicates that " for all pratical purposes these are the only Medieval Iewish coins that can be bought, and once these are sold it is extremely unlikely that a similar opportunity will ever occur."

The three coins avai!able are all silver "obols" "Lorse toad;'· typc • • ilvorohol. under Bela IV, AD 1235-1270 Obv: BU tiOD toW,,",OD °hill bt'WttD rwo lilieo Ineur-d.,..li.1 measuring about 11 millimeters as follows. Aleph Rev: Large ,udi ':::I .urrounded by w«a,b. type: Obverse with the head of Stephan.facing left, Biblio,,"pby: Huszar, No. 306; Rethy. CNH. N. 241 inscribed MONETA UNGARIE (Hungarian Money); reverse with a large Hebrew letter "Aleph" surrounded by two birds. Large Tsadi type: Struck under Bela IV, obverse features a castle tower on a hill between two lilies (fleur-de-lis); a large Hebrew letter ' 'Tsadi" appears within a wreath on the reverse. Small Tsadi type: Also issued during the reign of Bela IV, obverse portrays a bust of the king with his name REX BELA followed by a small Hebrew letter " Tsadi", while the reverse has an eagle with spread wings. These Medieval Jewish silver coins are in Choice Very Fine condition and exhibit attractive natural . antique cabinet toning. Scholar Daniel Friedenberg aptly summed up: " It is intriguing to think of these unknown men, dead for over 700 years, whose sale stamp in history is a - single Hebrew letter."

"SmaU 'Oldi" 'ypc•• ilvtr 0001. uud", Bdo.lV, AD 1235·1170 Obv: Bw, oi tbe King. imerip,;OtI. + REX .BELA, . moU ,oad; '::t Rev: Eagle witb . preod wi",•. BibliokIophy: Hoaur, No. 313; Rethy, CNH. No. 146

Superior Stamp & Coin Co., Inc. 9478 West OlympiC Boulevard. Beverly Hills, California 90212-4299· (213) 203-9855. (800) 421 -0754. FAX (2 13) 203-0496

Yes, I want to acquire the exceedingly rare Choice Very Fine 700 year old Hungarian Silver obols with Hebrew letters as ,;~ follows: O Set of three@ $295 0 Set of two (Large Aleph & Small Tsadil @ $175 0 Single Coin (Aleph) @ $99 ~/ . ~ ~.. NameCity State Zip Street Phoneh;;;;;;-: ======. ~ o Check Enclosed. Charge To: 0 _ 0 ~ Acct#: EDt _____ D. xp. a e: Signature ______------

xxx The Celator August 1989

Procurators Continued from page XXVIII . l •

they had assumed their Ntogae viriles" plunging into all manner of cruelty and (togas of manhood). Augustus issued lust...· (Tacitus, Histories V.8. Penguin denarii sbowing their togatc figures on Books, 1964). After seven years as the reverse, with bucklers and spears procurator, Felix was fmally recalled to (hutae et clipea) between them (fig. Rome and replaced by Porcius Festus lOa, Sear 368). Thus, the shields and (58-61 C.E.), anotber governor spears on the: coins of Felix may also be incapable of bringing true peace and Fl{Jure20a in reference to this tide., as the buckler prosperity to the province. Festus died FtgUfe 19 and spear were the ofilcial insignia of after less than two years in office, but the "Princeps luventutis." No such not without ftnt issuing another vast coins appeared for Britannicus, as he quantity of lepta. was still under age when aaudius died. The coins issued by Festus in 59 It was well that Felix did not neglect C.E. show a return to more ttaditional to honor Nero, who soon after became types (fig. 21, Hendin 118). The . @' Emper<. and rusposed of the unfonunau: obverse cames Nero's name in Greek : 'l> Britannicus. As for Felix' (NEPONWC) surrounded by a wreath; • governorship.. not only the Jews hut the reverse has a palm leaf (similar to FI{}U",20 FI9V",21 also the Romans felt that many of the the barley ear of earlier issues) with the problems in Judaea were due to him inscription LE KAICAPOC (Year 5 of personally. (or as the historian Tacitus Caesar). The only significance that can some undetennined military victory. It Biblical Coins, Amphora Boolcs, 1987; later wrote of him: n ••• [He] played the be attached to the typology is that tyrant with the cruelty of a slave. seems that Festus was simply keeping Michael Grant, TM Jews ill the R01Mll pethaps the wreath and palm-leaf refer to the coin type as inoffensive as possible. World, Dorset Press, 1973; Michael The procurators who followed did not Grant, Herod the Great, American issue any coins. so this coin by Festus Heritage Press, 1971; Tacitus, The Octavia .. Mark; Antooy _ Oeopatta was the last of the procuratoria11epta of Annals of Imperial Rome, Penguin Judea, thus ending an interesting, Books, 1956; Seth Stevenson, I --L though shon-lived, series. Dictionary of Roman Coins, Seaby Drusus .. Antonia Minor Oeopatra Selene .. J uba of Mauretania 1964; David R. Sear, R01Mll Coins and Sources: David Hendin, Guide to Their Va/IUS, Seaby 1981. I I I Agrippina .. Gennanicus CLAUDUJS _ Messalina Drusilla .. Felix

Senior LI_____ , // I Reader Response L. Ahenobarbus = Aerjppjn3 .Junior is essential to the success of any publication. We are sincerely interested in your comments, criticisms, suggestions and desires. I Share your news, views and observations with others who enjoy ••• Bri~niCu s the fascination of antiquity as much as you do. Write to: (This is a partial family tree only, to emphasize the CQMections discussed here.) The Celator • P.O. Box 123 • Lodi, WI 53555

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We're digging up all kinds of interesting news about the ancient numismatic fraternity. Keep abreast; P.O. Box 123 keep in touch with those who share your Lodi, WI 53555 interests; subscribe to the only newspaper that specifically serves your interests and needs! Subscribe Today! The 'celatbr AU\tUst 1989 XXXI Coins of the bible Tribute penny due Caesar HOARD SPECIALS A. $475 Byzantine AE (100) fair-fine. Is it lawful to giv~ tribute to Caesar. or not? Shall we give. or shall we 1101 give? But He, knowing their hypocriry. said unto them. Why tempt ye me? Bring B. $675 Greek AE with Roman Colonials (100) fair-fine me a penny, that I may su it. And they brought it. And He saith unto them, C. $695 "Widow's M~e· type lepta (100) fair·fine Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto Him, Caesar's . And D. $495 Roman bronzes (100) VG-VF Jesus, answering, said unto them, Render to Caesar the thjngs that are Caesar's E. $195 Roman bronzes (100) fair-fine and to God the things that aTe God's. F. $495 Roman bronzes (500) mos~y fair Mark 12 :14-17 G. $280 Ancients (1000) mostly poor COPYRIGHT 1980 by David Hendin Please add $8 for postage and packing The story of the tribute penny is, tribute denarius, since that was the perhaps. the best-known Biblical name of the standard Roman silver Coin reference to a coin. Since Tiberius coin in Jesus' time. However, in the ..£onJon §J/eries reigned during the ministry of Jesus. 1611 King James translation of the Ml88lon VieJo Mall. Suite 132 it is logical to assume that Mark's Bible, it was referred to as a penny. Mission VieJo, CA 92691 reference is to a coin of Tiberius. In Anglo-Saxon England, the ~5 at Crown Valley (714) 364-0090 Numismatists and historians have denarius gave way to a silver penny of concluded that the most likely coin similar value. The British have used that Jesus held in this instance was the initial "0 " (for denarius) as an the silver denarius of Tiberius, abbreviation for penny ever since. showing Livia, his mother, on the ( Editor's NOle: Send your reverse. Hence, th at type of coin is questions on Biblical coins to David ANCIENT ROMAN today commonly referred to as the Hendin at P. O. Box 805. Nyack NY ' tribute penny. 10960. When possible M wifl answer AClUally, this is somewhat of a these questions in future issues of .& GREEK COINS misnomer. Th~ proper term would be The Cefalor.) Illustrated Pric:e Lisb Num.ismatic: Literature Auction Representation Want List Search Service David P. Herman Classleal Numismatist 1322 35th St., Sun. 101 Orlando, FIor1da 32809 422-5915

Sliver denarius of Tiberus (reigned 14-37 AD) . Obverse: head of Tiberius; reverse : Livia, mother of Tiberius, enthroned. If this calibre of numismatic art excites you - it is only one of hundreds of beautiful treasures from the past residing Continued from page XXIIII ' Hadrian for the moment in our trays. Aelia Capitolina and was honoured hoards from !he Middle East and covered Write for a complimentary aaxmlingly.' with vertigris and dirt. Subsequent copy of our catalogue. Consequently a coin issued cleaning and further research revealed the portraying symbols of the Tenth Legion signifIcance of the coin and what it would by necessity be issued prior to represented. (References Kadman 5, the revolt, or in the early stages of the Madden p. 214 No.4 (lIlust), SNG Pa\7L JiyneaRson war prior to the loss of Aelia Cop. 23 (p1.1). AUB 3 (p. 34 PI.VI. Capitolina. It represents the lesser of 12). Obv. IMP HAOR [l] ANO P. 0. Box 4009 the two weight systems used in the fIrst A VG ~ Draped bust laureate rii ht. issue and consequently the lesser value Rev. [COL A]E CA[p]a, Eagle on MALIBU, CA 90265 or denomination employed. shaft or pole to right. This coin, in conclusion, makes the claim that it bears the testimony and evidence of living history. It is a coin that was used for political purposes, one that increased the hate and ferocity of the war because of its symbolism employed on the reverse. It is a coin present in few collections known only from a few surviving specimens. It is a coin with a stofy to teU.S 1. Dio 69, 12.1 (Loeb Classical Library translation). 2. TOYNBEE, Jocelyn M.C. "The Ancient Coins Hadrianic School" Cambridge 1934. p. 177. & Antiquities 3. MILDENBERG, Leo "The Coinage of the Bar Kokhba War" TYPOS VI, Frankfurt am Main, 1984. p. 99. 4. Ibid p. lOt. 5. MESHORER, Ya'akov "City-Coins For Serious Collectors of Bretz-Israel and the Decapolis in the Roman Period." Tel Aviv, 1985. p.63 illustration 177. Occasional Lists 6. Fronto "De Bello Parthico" edit. Naberp.218 7. MEYSHAN, J. "The Legion which reconquered Jerusalem in the war of Bar­ Kochba (A.D. 132-135)". Essays in Jewish Numismatics, Jerusalem, 1968. pp. 146-148. PI. 5.10. S. The coin was not recognized when originally purchased in England in 1987 coming with a large group from some . . . ,. .. XXXII The Celator August 1989

-eVENINGS ,.~ -" (301) 87'6-7140 Of Andmt Mifaas RARE GREEK Ie '~ . (301) 235-1696 COINS &:. Coins . HELlOS ROMAN 0 Specializing in the MEHRDAD Olel &Jorlrl :JInlifUlfie.l Coinage of Judaea and SADIGH Ancient Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Etc. WORLD COINS Artifacts. Bronzes, Statuettes, * Ancient 303 5th Ave. Pottery, Amulets· Send for froo list • •• Room #1603 M9fTlber: Antiquitiss Dealers Assoc. * Medieval No List Issued P.O. Box 25 New York NY Watminater, MD 21157 * Modern ••• 10016 William M. Rosenblum I).(J OI~N 800-426-2007 P. O. Box 355 DAVID AMSTER Evergreen CO 80439 39 WEST 55lhSTREET N 1 E N T A It T NEW YORK, N.Y. 10019 212-725-7537 A C (303) 838-4831 AREA COOE: 212·246-5025 Museum quality Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities at affordable prices. 20 y681S sfHVing you ... AlGAl QUALITY ANCIENT, Authenticity • .,,_IINo.ATI < I MEDIEVAL & ENGLISH • ANCIENT COINS Unconditionally Guaranteed .>lII< ~~ • MEDIEVAL COINS call orwrite for a free list KII.VIH It.. gu .. of the Following: n. Please call 0(" write lor our Rxed prioB Public Auctions. • Ancient Coins llll 312·743·2091 "' and show agenda 9:00 - 5:00 M-F Annual Subscription $20 $ampk wpon requut. • Medieval Coins XXII • Ancient Art and Antiquities XIV VICTOR ENGLAND ~ ALEX G. MALLOY, INC. Ancient & World Coins Box 245 "; l'\'!" '75'\ P. o. Box 38 South Salem Quarryville, PA 17566 , . New Ycd: 10590 Yon uonld Ile PONTERIO (717) 7864013 looking at wnr o"'n & ASSOCIATES, INC. ad In thl$lpauel 3823 Part< Blvd. P.O. Box 33588 ;';ft .: Old' Now w.x'd· . Write for tkIDils 1:"",,'neiMt,"d.. ...1 & Modem t;D/!lI~ San Diego, CA 921 03 t£mpiu QLUUtS ' nrique 5<:.1." /nltrUmMts, ·Q)II«tib,.• . (619) 299.(J400 Ancient Coin Specialists I/" \ rt Ob~ctl in Ihnv Med~ , (800) 854-2888 • Buyin$ ' Selling· Want Usu • Boob iSfrt .nd Auai~flerl • Appraisals· Coosignmenu· Referrals The Celator • Auendloce at all major Show. &. Sales .s:= PNGI308 • Exclusive AuctioD Bidding Service P.O. Box 123 ANA·LM • Souad Advice based 00 long c.xperienee ~ • Subim"bers m:oeive aU. fully iUustnted fIXed ~ cataloguea of ancient coim and Lodi, WI 53555 boob .bout them, and two major auction aalea per year. • Periodic reference book lists &. sales JOEL MALTER• & Co. PEGASI COINS Coins, Inc. 16661 Ventura Blvd., Suite 518 P.o . Box 4207 Empire l1li Encino,CA91436 USA Ann Arbor, MI 48106 801 W. GnDda BI"'- Suite 30S ~ Ormoad Beadl, FL 3217+8271 USA ... MAIL: P. O. Box 777, Phone: (313) 434-3856 Phoor. (904) 677·7314 10_ Encino,CA91316 USA Classical nwnismatist sUlling begin. otrahowt9-S,M·P .{$~ ~rs through advonced collectors. Send Fu(9OC)m·1l34 (818) 784·7772 or784·2181 Free List 01 inexpensive .I ...... i " ANCIENT for fru illustrated catalog. Specify: ROMAN COINS • Qualhy Ancients: Choice and scarce coins over $100. The Professlonsl Directory MICHAEL & SANDY WOLF • Bargain Ancients: Attractive Say you saw H In 18 your Index to • variety P.O. Box 233, Dewey, AZ.86327 allClents (not junk) under $150. (602) m -7144 of sourcee and aervicee • Med"val Coins: Hammered 7heGJm. European from 500 to 1650 A.D. I • AnUquhl.. : Artifacts (other than coins) from Stone AQe Visiting: through Renaissance periods. Jonathan K. Kern 'RJfGI~Jf~ ' San Francisco? Want hIS seMced. 00n$4itaJkJns avaaabfe. ~ and _late.~ perlotmsd. Bachelor or Arts ~'RfJ.11SU'R&S The Silicon Valley? Adiw buyer 0' ., rntIlBrial. Numismatics Stanford University? Ancient, Medieval, Early .' TREASURE American Numismatics r'!l VISIt... ISLAND We carry a large ancient & rare coins The Time .1 .. ".1,· ,1111 .. ,·11,'''' inventory of Ancients as ".". h"~ HI, no' "\ 10,110 Machine Co. well as the largest Philatelic stock in ,,(' ",.,.,. In I "" Rne Archaeological the Bay Area. Gn·" ..... tS\/dntil1C Art and Coins ROItl..lIl • !ltd.H·,OI TREASURE ISLAND 444 S. Ashl and P.O. 'Box 282 • Flushing Sta. 91 Town & Country Village NY 11367 Lexington, KY 40502 Cueens. Palo Ano, CA 94301 "hO'I<' {'II.) "'<)·10"fl 544·2708 (415) 326·7678 "".",',,' ".. , ,,,' ,.", ..,,,. 'n., ."".' (606) 269·1614 The Celator August 1989 XXXIII

Allan & Mamie Davfsson. ORACLE Specializing in: ." '~ ANCIENT COINS ~--~- ".!"' , • British Isles , • Ancient Greek & Roman Specinlists in +• Numismatic Uteratur. Ancient Coins Affordable Prices - Free Lists S6rlous Catalogs Issued Regularly Conservative Grading 2 Issu.s· $2 Auctions and 539 - 62 St. Price Lists. every coin Brooklyn, NY 11220 ~If.~ photographically illustrated I r •.1 , SUPERIOR STAMP & in actual size Cold SpriIIg, MN 56320 .~ COIN CO., INC. P. O. Box 7233 Ancient (612) 685-3835 <. 9478 West Olympic Boulevard Redwood City CA 94063 Beveny Hills, CA 90212*4236 (415) 369·1508 Greek & (213) 203-9855 Specializing Roman in Ancient and Medieval Coins Numismatics. Christian Blom and books about them Antiquities and Antiques Greek, Roman and Ancient Coins FREE SAMPLE World Coins and Antiquities CATALOGS write for free sample list Thomas P. McKenna 2504 N. Quantico St. 7910 Woodmont Ave. Colosseum - Suite 1104 P. O. Box \356-E Arlington, VA 22207 . Bethesd8l~A~20814 Coin Exchange, Inc. 703-533-3119 ~ 301-6~70 PI. Collins, Co 80522 noon 10 midnight (303) 226-5704 P.O. Box 21CL Hazlet, NJ 07730 (201) 264-1161

j\R60S ANCIENT COINS ~UMISMATICS AND ANCIENT NEAR EAST Attract". Quatity ANTIQUITIES ISLAMIC & INDIAN Lucien Birlder Greek & Roman Ancient Coins HarlAn J. Berk. Ltd. COINAGE & Co. Price Lists Six buy or bid sales per year Auction Representation writs or caD lor frse catalogus Our SpecioJly Professional Numismatists Want List Service ~ 312-609-0016 A, ~"'" Write for our P. O. Box 4102 ~ 312-S09-0017 ~ for a free sample price 31 N, Clark St. list write to: 'f lief! ,"'\ free list of Clifton, NJ 07012 Chicago. IL 60602 ,;! Greek, . '\, l Roman, WILUAM B. WARDEN, JR. ". ..-: Byzantine FRANK STERNBERG p.o. BOX 356 and Medieval coins The Professional Directory NEW HOPE, PA 18938 Numismatist We attend most major aJlCtions Is your Index to a variety (215) 297-5088 Schanzengasse 10, CH·8001 of sources and services and will represent )1OU Zurich, Swttzerland tel. 011252.30.88 1707 L. SI. NW Suite 250 Washtngton D.C. 20036 202-833-3770 t.TI-IU~ J. LIN!\, Boughl and Sold ancient coins COINS AND MEDALS Ancient, Medieval and Modem Write!or iUustrated catalog PHOTOGRAPH NUMISMATIC UTERATURE COINS" BILLS GEMS, CAMEOS, JEWELRY RFD 1, Box 240 .e Ancient to Modem Wallis, TX 77485 • InsI8nl PoIItoId PrinII e"< (409) 478-6796 • Color Of 8a.cIt Ii WhIte AUCTION SALES • s.m. ruu Of EnIMged •• CIII Of Send For fo--- Specializing in ~ ] ANCIENT p.o. ao. 2137 ' • .... - ," ANCIENT COINS _CIIy,CA/o' CENTRAl ASIAN 6 FIXED PRICE USTS ISl.AMIC CATALOGING SERVICES and COUNTERFEIT ALERT IfIARIES PHOTOGRAPHIC (415) 385-5073 INDIAN COINS BOOKS

W'"ie for llZmpil! iJ/'ufT1Iud iiIt THOMAS D. WALKER P.O. Box 29188 Dept. C Omar Hamidi San Antonio, TX 78229 Numism:ztist (512) 696-5393 4loin Cialleritll P,O . Box IOH7. Torrance. Cit. 90)0) SUbscriptions: one year. at least .. Mission Viejo MaU (2H) )}O,4303 issues. $15.00 U.S. & Canada, $25.00 Suh.l32 Foreign. Write lot a complimentary copy If Mission Viejo, CA 92691 you haven' seen my &sla. 364-0990 or 582·3481 XXXIIII .Jhe Celator Augu~ 1989

"INTEGRITY LIVES" a-.ftJs. . Better u.s. & Ancient Coins, Artifacts, Rates: Old Paper, Collectibles, AND MORE! $5.00 lor the lirsl 20 words, 20¢ each add~ional word. Request illustrated catalog. Computer filiDg (IBM): List, Sort. The other a ncients: Africa. -;or LONG ISLAND UNLIMITED Print out your collection. Easy, Mideast. India. Southeast Asia, the 153 MAIN STREET, DEPT L powerful, Shareware. $10 postpaid. Orient. Primitive Monies. Books. too. SAYVILLE, NY 11782 Bob's, 100 Overlook, Willow Grove, Free list. Semans, Box 22849P. Phone: (516) 567-11232 PA 19090. Seattle, WA 98122.

IRY ATKINS, ANA Life Member (#3096), BARBAROUS COINS! Ancient Member of Long Island Better Business Bureau (since 1979) Celtic imitations of Roman Coins The Best or The Ceialor - 1988 found in Britain. All F-VF, $10 each or offers a more permanent way to store SPECIALS: AR Ants. of Philip I, orTrebonianus Gallus, XF $35 each. 3 for $25. Also, reasonably priced those favorite anicles from last year. A Lol 015 diff. bronze Prutahs (ca. 103 BC - 67 AD) VG-F $100 ancients. List on request. Hugh selection of 21 entertaining topics (64 Kramer, PO Box 9614, Santa Maria, pages) including John Barton's award CA 93456. winning anicle about photographing ancient coins, soft cover, neatly bound August Special. Newly published: for easy preservation. Order postpaid for Sabatier Monnaies Byzantines, 2 vols., $5.95 from The Celator. P.O. Box 1955 reprint, $100. Lower prices for 123, LodJ, WI 53555. RIC! Vol. 1: $85; 2,3,6,7,9: $64 each; Antiquities and Restoration 4: $99; 8: $155. Crawford Roman. Roman a nd Greek Coins for sa1e at A small hoard of bronze coins from Halikamassos in Caria. Republican. Coinage, 2 vols., $245 (was Bowley's Service Station, U.S. Route Hallikarnassos was the birthplace of the historian Herodotus. $345). Roman. Silver Coin.s & Values, I, Warren. Maine. If passing by stop set of 5, $130. Sear Greek Imperial in, we would enjoy seeing you this Obv: Bearded head of Poseidon right Coin.s, $69. All postpaid with free summer. Sony no lists available for Rev: Ornamented trident head. copy of Cahn's Mon.naies Grecques mail orders. Tel. 207-273-3462. Various symbols in field Archaiques. Want lists of books and Roman coins very welcome. Stoffel Reasonably priced ancient coins. C. 2nd·1 sl Cenl. B.C. Seaby4881. Crude~ slruck bul Vogelaar. Mulrany, Westport, Mayo, Write or call for free price lists. Simon mostlyVF or a little better. $19.50 ea + $1 .50 postage Ireland. & insurance. CA residents add 6% sales tax. Cordova. Box 2096, Citrus Heights, CA 95611: 916-961-9937. 1031 "H" Street, Bakersfield, CA 93304 FREE DENARII - We will award a free denarius to three different people in Earl E. Keefer (805) 324 - 6456 a drawing on Sept 5th, 1989. To enter, YOU MAY OBTAIN request our free Summer Catalog of LARGE TAX REFUNDS by donating your duplicate coins and classical Greek and Roman coins prior sfamps to help handicapped children. For to Aug. 25th. Laurion Numismatics. free useful information and the new 1985 If you are sponsoring an event of national interest rules (writen by a laX-attorney) write: 427-3 Amherst Sueet. Suite 206, THE NUMISMATIC tNSmUTE send yoU[ schedule of events to The Celator Nashua, NH 03063. p"6~ Box 747S·Chicaao IL60680 P.O. Box 123, Lodi, W/53555 Greek, Roman, Medieval coins. Monthly catalogs with very reason­ able prices and discounts issued for 21 July 89 - Trivia Answer: years. Francis 1. Rath. Box 266; "Asander" If you haven't seen Youngstown, NY 14174. .

Advertising in rae CeIoIor rae 1JesJ 0/ rae CeIoIor Just Makes Good Sense Ig88 You are missing a real treat! 64 pages, packed with 21 entertaining articles about ancient coins, antiquities and collecting. Presented in cardcover -- magazine fonnat on quality offset paper. A great way to save your favorite articles from early issues of The Celator. Full Page 112 Page 114 Page $390 $195 $97.50 Orlkr postpaid by sending $6.50 per column inch

Where else can you get $5.95 targeted coverage at that price? to 7L~ P.O. Box 123 P.O. Box 123 Lodi, WI 53555 Lodi, WI 53555 , . ,. . , ., 1'tie ceilitor mv

,- Dear Celator Reader: . Well Summer is here and ancient dealers as a group seem to be taking on in a previous column, that Mancient dealers do not understand the some time off as I have hardly seen anyone in weeks. I have been using pricing of ancient coins". _ "--._ _ . this time to get caught up on numismatic chores which I just did not have All of this is well and good but what of my friend who bought his lime for during the busy season, which includes traveling to areas off my collection at a time when such perceptions did not exist and the base usual "route" to see collectors who need help in making decisions about population of ancient coin buyers was much smaller indeed. In total he the disposal of their holdings. I try to get several in one area and then spent about $250,000 for his collection of about 160 coins and yet when "blitz" the area until everyone has been seen. I spent several hours evaluating the collection, I found that in my opinion, Having just returned from the Deep South and finding that Wayne was the col1ection was now only worth about $220,000 mtaIl Not that he going to give me an extra day or two to make his publication deadline, I did not have some great coins, he did, and some incredible rarities, but decided to write about one collection that I inspected in depth. some coins had problems which in today's market often makes the This collector was a professional gentleman who started to collect in difference between a coin that re.a!!y sel1s and a coin which can be sold. the early 1970's, right after the Metropolitan Museum Sale and collected His other problem in assembling the collection was living in an area which with some seriousness until about 1986 at which time he decided to use has a distinct lack of major ancient roin dealers and relying on only one or his available funds, which were not inconsiderable, for other endeavors. I two dealers to suggest to him purchases instead of regularly attending first met him about 7 years ago and actually did not do that much business major shows and doing some comoanson shopping. with him but we became friends and would see each other occasionally I suspect that one of the reasons we have gained the feelings that we and discuss the ancient coin market and other subjects. have from many of our fellow dealers is the fact that if we attend a show I knew that he had been buying from some of the major sales such as that they are at, and ~ their good clients come to that show, they will see the Garrett and also that he had been using the services of a very well - the .slz..e. and ~l.of our ancient coin inventory and perhaps do some known ancient roin dealer both as a source of coins and for guidance on business with us ratfler than their "favorite" dealer who they have used his purchases. I was somewhat amazed when he contacted me and for years. I am sure that we have not been invited to attend some of asked me for my opinion on the disposal of his ancient coins, but he these mini-shows that have suddenly sprung up around the country for thought that I had a very keen eye for the market, over the years, and I this reason. The last thlna these show organizers want to do is to let guess he liked my writings, including what I have been putting in The their clients be exposed to our inventory and for their clients to suddenly Gelator for the past months. realize that they have perhaps bought but n.c..t bought terribly well, by In addition, he had a reputation for being a very fastidious buyer even using only one dealer and in so doing, the end result is that the quality of to the point of some dealers considering him a bit "fussy" in his their collection has suffered greatly. purchases and his observations on what he was being offered. I So at the moment I am trying to detennine a way for my friend to sel1 his therefore looked forward to seeing his entire collection, which consisted ancients and to suffer as little financial loss as pssible, for indeed he will primarily of Greek silver and Roman sestertii, since I had never been suffer some financial loss. The reason is not that ancients are a bad priviledged to see it in its entirety. investment or that their J?ri~~s do not regul~rly go up, but that he Just to go slightly off the subject for a paragraph or two, the present assembled his collection based on some personal attitudes that he held - time is certainly one of the most active in recent memory in terms of and which were not generally shared at the time by the collecting individuals selling WJ1im collections of ancients. One of the reasons of fraternity and in the present market are not the factors that make for the course is the presence of the Athena II Fund, since with 27 million dollars sharp price rises that have been seen at recent sales. at their disposal, they can now offer to buy entire and very expensive A colleague has recently suggested that ~ ancients will show a collections where in the past these same collections would have to be "meteoric" rise in price. Aside from his terminology, this is a fact that I auctioned or broke!,! up into sub-collections and sold off through various have been stating in print for about 5 years and which has been proven dealers or auction houses, as the Quantity of money that would have over and over again by buyers who have heeded my advice and listened been needed to buy them intact, simply did not exist. to my advice wheli making purchases, even if not from us. In looking over this collection which was very well documented I became aware of several things at once. One was that the owner had decided on an artificial limit to each of his purchases, as he did not feel morally comfortable with buying coins for amounts which would be a FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST WE WILL BE AT yearly salary for others. At the same time he decided that he wanted as many of the classical rarities as possible and would be willing to settle for OUR NEW JERSEY OFFICES lesser specimens in terms of quality in order to be able to own certain CONTACT US THERE coins. Another factor in evaluating the collection is that the owner had often decided to own or not own the coin based on a specific aspect of the coin, such as the quality of the portrait and its sharpness on a Roman UPCOMING SHOWS: I am sure all of you know of the upcoming A.N.A. sestertius, as opposed to an ~ grade detennination for the coin. So Convention, but if indeed you live in a vacuum, here are the facts. The that if the coin had a simply magnificent portrait in sharp EF and the show will be held in Pittsburoh, Pa. from August 9·13th. Yes this is a ~ reverse was softly struck, he would buy the coin for the portraiture. day show Wed.-Sun. The Show is at the Pittsburgh Convention Center His method of thus assembling his collection was very consistent with which is in downtown Pittsburgh and the usual show hours. This year that of a gentleman of the last century, who often wanted a coin that had after an intense lobbying effort by myself and Dennis Kroh, the A.NA in some aspect which he found thrilling but often did not consider the its sagacity has put basically all the foreign and ancient dealers in a distinct overall coin in his purchase . . Some cultures, particularly th~ British of. .aNa. Whether it will be so labeled I have no idea but you wil figure it. out today, often still assemble colieci:ions-with-these features in mind and I very quickly when you see that just about everyone will be in 2 facing have often noted that coins could be sold in England for fantastic aisles and 3 distinct flblocks". amounts which would get very little attention in other countries such as the U.S. WE WILL BE AT TABLE 428 The problem in todays marketplace for this gentleman and for possibly LISTED IN THE PROGRAM UNDER other readers of The Gelator who were buying their coins in the mid- DR. ARNOLD R. SASLOW 1960's until the early 1980's is, that at the present time, the market has shown a sudden change. With the vast influx of new buyers during the We look forward to seeing as many of you as possible and urge your past 2-3 years, we have all seen a sudden demand for fantastic quality attendance at this staggering affair. It is well worth your time to attend, as that did not exist to such a degree in the recent past. If one has been many of the major European dealers who are wWY. seen will be in collecting U.S. Bust Halves or Proof U.S. type coins and then decides, attendance. for whatever reasons, to discontinue the series and get seriously interested in ancient coins, there is a very distinct tendency to want to own ancient coins in comparable guality, to recent machine-made coins. Even if we are talking about relatively inexpensive coins such as Constantinian bronzes or silver-washed antoninianii, the prices have gone up drastically for superb quality coins as the market will bear it (since the coins have always been so bloody cheap), and a lot of the newer dealers who have decided to sell ancients have found that a GEM ancient of any type can easily be sold for a sum in excess of $100 simply Rare Coins & Classical Arts Ltd. because the perception is that if a coin Is that old and so well "Specialists in Museum Quality Coins" p reserved it simply has to be worth the price asked for it. In Member: ANA, ANS, SAN, AINA, INS, Fellow RNS other words there has developed a lack of historical perspective in terms of there being a very large supply of relatively common ancients in very P.O. Box 374 P.O. Box 699 high grade. Age thus becomes equated with value and if you have ~th Palm Desert, CA 92261 age and preservation you must indeed have a rare object. This re asomng South Orange, NJ 07079 in retrospect may lie behind certain statements made to me and reported Phone: (201) 761-0634 Phone: (619) 345-71 61 XXXVI The Celator August 1989 Harlan J. Berk, Ltd.

AT THE ANA CONVENTION in Pittsburgh, PA . August 9th - 13th, 1989 TABLES #527 & 529 J'Lnc[ some of tlie tliousandS of coins you wi{{ see ...

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Ancient coins of all metals to serve ANY collector Harlan Berk & Lisa Legler would like to meet you - Harlan J. Berk, Ltd PNG 178 ANA - LM 762 31 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60602 (312)609-0017 FAX (312) 609-1309