DOCSLIB.ORG

Wood Anatomy of the Tribe Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in Venezuela

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wood Anatomy of the Tribe Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in Venezuela IAWA Journal, Vol. 27 (1), 2006: 99–114 WOOD ANATOMY OF THE TRIBE CAESALPINIEAE (LEGUMINOSAE, CAESALPINIOIDEAE) IN VENEZUELA Narcisana Espinoza de Pernía and José Luis Melandri Laboratorio de Anatomía de Maderas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela SUMMARY We studied the microscopic wood anatomy of 8 genera and 30 species in the tribe Caesalpinieae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, with a focus on the identification and comparative anatomy of these genera. Characters suitable for reliable identification include intervessel pit size, fibre wall thickness, septate fibres, storied structure, ray type, ray width, and silica bodies. A table of diagnostic characters, generic descriptions, and phot- omicrographs provide tools for identification and descriptive information for comparative and phylogenetic studies. Key words: Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Caesalpinieae, wood anat- omy, Venezuela. INTRODUCTION The subfamily Caesalpinioideae comprises 160 genera and about 2175 species, most of which are tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs (Barneby et al. 1998; Herendeen et al. 2003). Recent studies divide it into four tribes: Caesalpinieae, Cassieae, Cercideae and Detarieae (GRIN Taxonomy 2001; ILDIS Legume Web 2002; Missouri Botanical Gardenʼs VAST 2002). Several authors have studied the wood anatomy of tribes, genera or species in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Cozzo (1951) studied the wood anatomy of the Argen- tinean Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae with many valuable observations. In 1955 Reinders-Gouwentak studied storied structure and taxonomic rank within the legumes. She showed that storied structure was an important feature and that many taxa have storied rays. Koeppen (1980) studied the arborescent Leguminosae with silica bodies in their wood. He found that only eight genera of subfamily Caesalpinioideae have silica bodies in their secondary xylem, including Tachigali and Sclerolobium of the tribe Caesalpinieae. Loureiro and Silva (1981) described the wood of 7 species of Dimorphandra and Loureiro et al. (1983) described 5 species of Sclerolobium and 5 species of Tachigali. Barajas-Morales and León (1989) studied the wood anatomy of species from Mexico, two of which are Caesalpinia spp. that also occur in Venezuela. Angarita (1991) described 7 species of Campsiandra from Venezuela. Later Espinoza de Pernía et al. (1998) described Schizolobium amazonicum and S. parahybum from Associate Editor: Alex Wiedenhoeft Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 02:59:26AM via free access 100 IAWA Journal, Vol. 27 (1), 2006 Espinoza de Pernía & Melandri — Wood anatomy of Caesalpinieae 101 Venezuela. In 1981 Baretta-Kuipers published a comparative study of wood anatomy of the Leguminosae. She surveyed the entire family and distinguished two groups of Caesalpinioideae on the basis of ray features and parenchyma characteristics. Ranjani and Krishnamurthy (1988) showed a table of species of some Caesalpiniaceae with vestured pits. Wheeler and Baas (1992) studied the xylem evolution and ecological anatomy of legumes in fossil wood. In 1992 Nardi and Edlmann published a study of commercially important tropical woods used in Italy. They included a dichotomous key for diagnostic characters and described the macro and micro structure of 116 woods, 2 of which are Caesalpinieae from Venezuela, and also included photomicrographs. In 1999 Höhn reported on 23 West African genera of Caesalpinioideae and Mimosoideae. These were grouped into types according to wood structure, and although a key was not given, a synoptic table of characters was included. Miller and Détienne (2001) provided anatomical descriptions, photomicrographs and a dichotomous key of approximately 80 Guyanese timbers. Among these 20 legume genera were included. Herendeen (2000) reported the occurrence of morphological and anatomical characters with possible phylogenetic implications; some of these characters, such as the occurrence of vestures in vessel element pits may be phylogenetically informative in defining a large clade near the base of the family. In 1994 Gasson published on the wood anatomy of the tribe Sophoreae and related Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae, and in 2003 Gasson et al. gave a comprehensive account of the wood anatomy of the Caesalpinioideae. These papers reflect how wood anatomy can be used to derive diagnostic and phylogenetic information. The wood anatomy and identification of Venezuelan Caesalpinioideae is currently being studied by the present authors. Some genera of the tribe Caesalpinieae in Venezuela are trees with commercial tim- ber importance. particularly Caesalpinia coriaria, C. granadillo, Mora excelsa, M. gong- grijpii (Mora 1974; JUNAC 1981; Arroyo 1983; INIA 1996; Aristeguieta 2003), Sclero- lobium (Aristeguieta 1973) and Tachigali paniculata (= Sclerolobium paniculatum) (Arroyo 1983). Others, such as Caesalpinia spp., Delonix regia (Aristeguieta 1973, 2003; Hoyos 1994) and Schizolobium parahyba (Hoyos 1994), are important as ornamental trees, in gardens, city avenues and parks. Caesalpinia coriaria is important in the tanning and dye industries (Aristeguieta 2003) and was exported to North America in earlier times (Hoyos 1994, 1985; Mabberley 1997). Caesalpinia granadillo is an endemic species in the dry zone of northern Venezuela (Hoyos 1985) and others such as Campsiandra curaara, C. emonensis, C. macrocarpa, C. nutans, C. pasibensis and C. velutina are endemic species in Venezuelan Guayana (Stergios 1996; Barneby et al. 1998). The present paper provides information on the microscopic structure of the wood, according to the proposed terminology in the List of Microscopic Features for Hard- wood Identification (IAWA Committee 1989), of 30 species of the tribe Caesalpinieae with their main distribution in Venezuela. The microscopic wood anatomy of the tribe Caesalpinieae was studied because of its great importance in the timber industry and the complexity of its anatomy. The anatomical descriptions, table of diagnostic features and photomicrographs provide tools for the identification of the genera and groups within the tribe Caesalpinieae. Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 02:59:26AM via free access 100 IAWA Journal, Vol. 27 (1), 2006 Espinoza de Pernía & Melandri — Wood anatomy of Caesalpinieae 101 MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 46 specimens representing 30 Venezuelan species from 8 of 11 genera in the tribe Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae): Caesalpinia (4/7), Camp- siandra (9/18), Delonix (1/1), Dimorphandra (4/8), Mora (2/2), Schizolobium (2/2), Sclerolobium (1/2), and Tachigali (7/19). No material was available to us of the genera Haematoxylon, Jacqueshuberia and Recordoxylon, which each have one species in Venezuela. The majority of the specimens were collected in Venezuela and are specimens from wood collections at the Laboratorio de Anatomía de Maderas de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales de la Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela (MERw) and at the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis- consin, USA (MADw and SJRw). Terminology and methodology followed the List of Microscopic Features for Hard- wood Identification (IAWA Committee 1989). For vessel diameters, vessel element lengths, fibre lengths and ray height 25 measurements were taken from each specimen and averaged. The values reported [e.g. 30 (50–110) 150 μm], are minimum value, range of averages, and maximum value. The measurements are accurate only to the 10 μm level, and are reported accordingly. For other quantitative values the most frequent range is reported. Generic descriptions follow in alphabetical order and features not listed in the generic descriptions are either absent or do not apply. Preparation of slides for the microscopic study was made following the methodology used at MERw (Corothie 1967). Photomicrographs were taken using a film camera with a light microscope. We followed the scientificnames in database ILDIS (http://www.ildis.org/Legume Web/) for all names except for Tachigali and Sclerolobium; for them we used the web site Grin Taxonomy (http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxgenform.pl?language= sp) and W3Tropicos (http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/vast.html), because there is a discrepancy concerning synonymy between ILDIS and the other databases. RESULTS Generic descriptions Caesalpinia L. — Fig. 1 & 2 Growth rings indistinct to distinct, marked by marginal parenchyma bands and/or thick-walled fibres in C. coriaria, C. ebano, C. granadillo; absent in C. sclerocarpa. Diffuse porous. — Vessels solitary and in radial multiples of 2–4, occasionally in clusters; 4–18 per mm2; 30 (50–110) 150 μm in diameter; 110 (130–170) 250 μm in element length. Simple perforation plates. Alternate intervessel pits; circular or oval, small to medium, 5–8 μm in diameter. Vessel-ray pits with distinct borders, similar to intervessel pits in size and shape; pits vestured. Dark brown gum-like deposits abundant in vessels. — Fibres non-septate; thick-walled to very thick-walled; 700 (850–1260) 1350 μm in length. — Axial parenchyma mostly in narrow bands or lines, up to three cells wide or bands more than three cells wide. Marginal banded parenchyma present in C. coriaria, C. ebano and C. granadillo. Paratracheal parenchyma vasicentric and aliform to confluent; aliform parenchyma winged, occasionally unilateral. Apotracheal parenchyma rarely diffuse-in-aggregates in C. ebano. Axial parenchyma 2–4 cells Downloaded from Brill.com10/07/2021 02:59:26AM via
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENTS of PARICÁ (Schizolobium Amazonicum) SEEDS
    1090 Bioscience Journal Original Article PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENTS OF PARICÁ (Schizolobium amazonicum) SEEDS TRATAMENTOS PRÉ-GERMINATIVOS EM SEMENTES DE PARICÁ (Schizolobium amazonicum) Estefânia Martins BARDIVIESSO1; Thiago Barbosa BATISTA1; Flávio Ferreira da Silva BINOTTI2; Edilson COSTA2; Tiago Alexandre da SILVA1; Natália de Brito Lima LANNA1; Ana Carolina Picinini PETRONILIO1 1. Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – College of Agricultural Science, Department of Crop Science, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. [email protected]; 2. Mato Grosso do Sul State University, Cassilândia, MS, Brazil. ABSTRACT: Paricá seeds have dormancy and, even after mechanical scarification, these seeds show slow and uneven germination. Pre-germination treatments can be used to increase seed germination performance. Thus, the aimed to evaluate the physiological potential and initial growth of paricá seeds after pre-germination treatments, using different substances as plant regulators and nutrients, in addition to mechanical scarification. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2x7 factorial scheme, consisting of the following pre-germination treatments: mechanical scarification (10% and 50% of the seed coat) and seed pre-soaking [control-water, KNO3 0.2%, Ca(NO3)2 0.2%, gibberellin 0.02%, cytokinin 0.02%, and mixture of gibberellin + cytokinin (1:1)] besides a control group without pre-soaking, with four replicates. The study evaluated germination and emergence rates, germination and emergence speed indices, collar diameter, plant height, seedling dry mass, hypocotyl and seedling length, and electrical conductivity. It was observed that pre-soaking the seeds in gibberellin after mechanical scarification at 50% as a pre-germination treatment resulted in seeds with higher vigor expression and greater initial seedling growth.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Genus Hoffmannseggia (Leguminosae)
    NUMBER 9 SIMPSON AND ULIBARRI: SYNOPSIS OF HOFFMANNSEGGIA 7 A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS HOFFMANNSEGGIA (LEGUMINOSAE) Beryl B. Simpson and Emilio A. Ulibarri Integrative Biology and Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 USA Instituto de Botanica Darwinion, IBODA-CONICET, C.C. 22 (Labarden 200), Bl642HYD San Isidro, Argentina Abstract: The genus Hoffmannseggia Cav., now recognized as a monophyletic group distinct from Caesalpinia and Pomaria, consists of 22 species and is amphitropically distributed between North and South America, with 11 species in arid and semi-arid areas of the southwestern USA and adjacent Mexico, and 12 species in southern South America. Recent publications have provided a revision of Hoffmannseggia for North America, a resolved phylogeny, and an analysis of the biogeography of the genus, but there is to date no treatment of all of the taxa. Here we present a key to the genus and its closest relatives, a key to all of the recognized taxa, typification, distributional data for each species, selected specimens examined for the South American taxa, and notes where appropriate. Keywords: Caesalpinia, Caesalpinieae, Hoffmannseggia, Fabaceae, Leguminosae. Resumen: El genero Hoffmannseggia, actualmente reconocido como un grupo mo­ nofiletico distinto de Caesalpinia y Pomaria dentro de Caesalpinieae, consiste en 22 especies con distribuci6n anfitropical en zonas semi-aridas y aridas de Norte y Su­ damerica. De ellas, 11 especies se encuentran en el sudoeste de U. S. A. y norte de Mexico; las otras 12 en America del Sur, creciendo en las zonas andinas y semide­ serticas del Peru, Bolivia, Chile y Argentina. Recientes publicaciones por uno de los autores (B.
    [Show full text]
  • A REVISION of Pomaria (FABACEAE) in NORTH AMERICA
    46 LUNDELLIA MAY1998 A REVISION OF Pomaria (FABACEAE) IN NORTH AMERICA Beryl B. Simpson Plant Resources Center and Department of Botany, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713 Abstract: The genus Pomaria, described by Cavanilles in 1799 but subsequently sub­ merged in either Caesalpinia or Hoffmannseggia, is treated here as a distinct genus and the North American species are revised. This revision provides a key, corrected nomenclature, new combinations, and descriptions for all North American species. One new species is described and distribution maps are provided for each of the nine species. Resumen: El genero Pomaria, descrito por Cavanilles en 1799 y subsecuentemente sinonimizado ya sea bajo Caesalpinia o Hoffmannseggia, es tratado como un genero distinto cuyas especies norteamericanas son revisadas aqui. Esta revisi6n provee claves, una nomenclatura corregida, nuevas combinaciones y descripciones para todas las especies de Norteamerica. Se describe una nueva especie y se proveen mapas de distribuci6n para las nueve especies del subcontinente. Keywords: Caesalpinia, Pomaria, Hoffmannseggia, Caesalpinieae, Caesalpinioideae For over 100 years, systematists have (1865) and Taubert (1894) also subsumed disagreed on the circumscriptions of Melanosticta in Hoffmannseggia but they Caesalpinia (Fabaceae) and its segregates in treated Pomaria as a section of Caesalpinia. North America. The main point of con­ The uncertainty of workers dealing with the tention has been whether there is one genus, group is exemplified by Fisher (1892) who Caesalpinia, or whether components recognized Hoffmannseggia ( sensu Torrey of it are more naturally treated as and Gray) as a distinct genus but a year later distinct genera. Of concern here are species transferred all of the species to Caesalpinia variously placed in Caesalpinia, Pomaria, (Fisher, 1893).
    [Show full text]
  • Softening-Up Mannan-Rich Cell Walls
    Softening-up mannan-rich cell walls Maria del Carmen Rodríguez-Gacio , Raquel Iglesias-Fernández , Pilar Carbonero and Ángel J. Matilla Abstract The softening and degradation of the cell wall (CW), often mannan enriched, is involved in several processes during development of higher plants, such as meristematic growth, fruit ripening, programmed cell death, and endosperm rupture upon germination. Mannans are also the predominant hemicellulosic CW polymers in many genera of green algae. The endosperm CWs of dry seeds often contain mannan polymers, sometimes in the form of galactomannans (Gal-mannans). The endo-p-mannanases (MANs) that catalyse the random hydrolysis of the (3-linkage in the mannan backbone are one of the main hydrolytic enzymes involved in the loosening and remodelling of CWs. In germinating seeds, the softening of the endosperm seed CWs facilitates the emergence of the elongating radicle. Hydrolysis and mobilization of endosperm Gal-mannans by MANs also provides a source of nutrients for early seedling growth, since Gal-mannan, besides its structural role, serves as a storage polysaccharide. Therefore, the role of mannans and of their hydrolytic enzymes is decisive in the life cycle of seeds. This review updates and discusses the significance of mannans and MANs in seeds and explores the increasing biotechnological potential of MAN enzymes. Introduction Photosynthetic eukaryotes have a carbohydrate-rich cell Structurally, the PCW is made up of proteins and a scaf­ wall (CW), which is a highly complex and dynamic cell folding of cellulose [p(l—>4)-glucan chains organized in compartment that performs various mechanical and bio­ para-crystalline microfibrils] embedded in a matrix of cross- chemical functions and protects the cell from extreme linking hemicellulosic glycans and pectins.
    [Show full text]
  • Notas Científicas Occurrence of Quesada Gigas on Schizolobium Amazonicum Trees in Maranhão and Pará States, Brazil
    Occurrence of Quesada gigas on Schizolobium amazonicum 943 Notas Científicas Occurrence of Quesada gigas on Schizolobium amazonicum trees in Maranhão and Pará States, Brazil José Cola Zanuncio(1), Fabrício Fagundes Pereira(1), Teresinha Vinha Zanuncio(1), Nilza Maria Martinelli(2), Tobias Baruc Moreira Pinon(1) and Edylene Marota Guimarães(1) (1)Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Dep. de Biologia Animal/BIoagro, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/no, CEP 36571-000 Viçosa, MG. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. (2)Universidade Estadual Paulista, Dep. de Fitossanidade, Via de Acesso Paulo Donato Castellane, s/no, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract – An infestation of Quesada gigas Olivier (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) on “paricá” Schizolobium amazonicum (Huber) Ducken (Fabales: Fabaceae) was reported in the Municipalities of Itinga, Maranhão State and Paragominas, Pará State. Nymphs of this insect on roots and adults and exuvias on trunks of the plant were observed. Exit holes of nymphs in the soil were also observed. The occurrence of Q. gigas on S. amazonicum shows the damage potential of this species and the necessity of developing integrated management programs for species of this group, specially in reforested areas with “paricá”. Index terms: Cicadidae, cicada, reforestation, soil pest, paricá. Ocorrência de Quesada gigas em Schizolobium amazonicum em municípios do Maranhão e do Pará Resumo – Há relatos sobre a infestação de Quesada gigas Olivier (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) em paricá Schizolobium amazonicum (Huber) Ducken (Fabales: Fabaceae) nos municípios de Itinga, Estado do Maranhão e Paragominas, Estado do Pará. Observaram-se ninfas nas raízes e adultos e exúvias nos troncos da planta.
    [Show full text]
  • Karyomorphology and Karyotype Asymmetry in the South American Caesalpinia Species (Leguminosae and Caesalpinioideae)
    Karyomorphology and karyotype asymmetry in the South American Caesalpinia species (Leguminosae and Caesalpinioideae) P.S. Rodrigues, M.M. Souza and R.X. Corrêa Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil Corresponding author: R.X. Corrêa E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 13 (4): 8278-8293 (2014) Received May 7, 2013 Accepted June 10, 2014 Published October 20, 2014 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.October.20.4 ABSTRACT. With the purpose of addressing the pattern of karyotype evolution in Caesalpinia species, chromosome morphology was characterized in five species from Brazil, and karyotypic asymmetry was analyzed in 14 species from South America. All accessions had the chromosome number 2n = 24, which was first described here for Caesalpinia laxiflora Tul. and Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. The karyotype formula of C. laxiflora, Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul., and C. macrophyllum was 12 m. The formula varies amongst the populations of Caesalpinia bracteosa Tul. (11 m + 1 sm) and Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (10 m + 2 sm and 9 m + 3 sm). The intra- and interspecific variations in chromosome length were significant (analysis of variance, P < 0.05). Analyzing the asymmetry index (AI), revealed that Caesalpinia calycina Benth. had the most asymmetrical karyotype (AI = 10.52), whereas Caesalpinia paraguarienses (D. Parodi) Burkat. and Caesalpinia gilliesii (Hook.) Benth. had the most symmetrical karyotypes (AI = 0.91 and 1.10, respectively). There has been a trend to lower AI values for the Caesalpinia s.l. species assigned in Libidibia and intermediate values for those combined into Poincianella.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Succulent Biome Phylogenetic Conservatism Across the Pantropical Caesalpinia Group (Leguminosae)
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2019 Global succulent biome phylogenetic conservatism across the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae) Gagnon, Edeline ; Ringelberg, Jens J ; Bruneau, Anne ; Lewis, Gwilym P ; Hughes, Colin E DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15633 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-161507 Journal Article Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Originally published at: Gagnon, Edeline; Ringelberg, Jens J; Bruneau, Anne; Lewis, Gwilym P; Hughes, Colin E (2019). Global succulent biome phylogenetic conservatism across the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). New Phytologist, 222(4):1994-2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15633 Research Global Succulent Biome phylogenetic conservatism across the pantropical Caesalpinia Group (Leguminosae) Edeline Gagnon1,2,5 , Jens J. Ringelberg3, Anne Bruneau1 , Gwilym P. Lewis4 and Colin E. Hughes3 1Institut de Recherche en Biologie Vegetale & Departement de Sciences Biologiques, Universite de Montreal, H1X 2B2 Montreal, QC, Canada; 2Departement de Biologie, Universitede Moncton, E1A 3E9 Moncton, NB, Canada; 3Department of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; 4Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9
    [Show full text]
  • Buy Caesalpinia Spinosa - Plant Online at Nurserylive | Best Plants at Lowest Price
    Buy caesalpinia spinosa - plant online at nurserylive | Best plants at lowest price Caesalpinia spinosa - Plant It has an erect and slender trunk and it is rich in tannins. Seedpods yield a powder that is used as eyewash. The seeds endosperm is a source of gum used as a thickening agent and stabilizer in food. Synonyms: Poinciana spinosa MOL., Caesalpinia pectinata CAV., C. tara, C. tinctoria HBK, Coulteria tinctoria HBK, Tara spinosa, Tara tinctoria C. spinosa is in the Fabaceae family, depending on the classification system, the Caesalpinioideae subfamily, and Caesalpinieae tribe. Rating: Not Rated Yet Price Variant price modifier: Base price with tax Price with discount ?1234567 Salesprice with discount Sales price ?1234567 Sales price without tax ?1234567 Discount Tax amount Ask a question about this product Description With this purchase you will get: 01 Caesalpinia spinosa Plant Description for Caesalpinia spinosa Plant height: 3 - 6 inches (7 - 16 cm) Plant spread: 1 / 3 Buy caesalpinia spinosa - plant online at nurserylive | Best plants at lowest price C. spinosa typically grows 2–5 m tall, its bark is dark gray with scattered prickles and hairy twigs. Leaves are alternate, evergreen, lacking stipules, bipinnate, and lacking petiolar and rachis glands. Leaves consist of 3-10 pairs of primary leaflets under 8 cm in length, and 5-7 pairs of subsessile elliptic secondary leaflets, each about 1.5–4 cm long. Inflorescences are 15–20 cm long terminal racemes, many flowered and covered in tiny hairs. Common name(s): Tara (Quechua) Spiny holdback taya algarroba tanino Flower colours: Flowers are yellow to orange with 6-7mm petals Bloom time: Seasonal bloomer.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of Coulteria (Leguminosae), Including New Names and Synonyms
    Phytotaxa 291 (1): 033–042 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.291.1.3 A synopsis of Coulteria (Leguminosae), including new names and synonyms SOLANGE SOTUYO1, JOSÉ LUIS CONTRERAS2, EDELINE GAGNON3 & GWILYM P. LEWIS4 [email protected] Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 2Facultad de Arquitectura, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 4 Sur 104. Col. Centro. CP 72000. Puebla, Puebla. 3Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H1X 2B2 4Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, U.K. Abstract As a result of ongoing studies in Caesalpinia sensu lato, new combinations and synonyms are proposed in the reinstated segregate genus Coulteria. Key words: Brasilettia, Guaymasia, Caesalpinia, Caesalpinieae, Coulteria, Fabaceae, nomenclature Introduction Prior to morphological (Lewis and Schrire, 1995; Nores et al., 2012) and molecular (Simpson et al., 2003; Nores et al., 2012; Gagnon et al., 2013; Gagnon et al., 2016) phylogenetic studies, Caesalpinia sensu lato included 25 genus names in synonymy and comprised c. 150 species, mostly in the Palaeo- and Neotropics (Lewis, 1998). Gagnon et al. (2013) confirmed that all the species placed in Caesalpinia in its broadest circumscription are not a monophyletic group and should be recognised in several distinct genera. New combinations have been proposed for the majority of species occurring in México, USA, Central and South America (Gagnon et al., 2016) to reflect the latest phylogenetic data, but some are still needed in a few genera where species delimitations remain unclear.
    [Show full text]
  • Pnacw358.Pdf
    PROYECTO DE MANEJO FORESTAL SOSTENIBLE BOLFOR ECOLOGIA Y SILVICULTURA DE ESPECIES MENOS CONOCIDAS Serebó o Sombrerillo Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake Caesalpiniaceae Autores: M. Joaquín Justiniano William Pariona Todd S. Fredericksen Daniel Nash G. Santa Cruz, Bolivia 2001 Copyright©2001 by Proyecto de Manejo Forestal Sostenible (BOLFOR) Las opiniones y juicios técnicos expresados en las publicaciones del Proyecto BOLFOR, son emitidos por los consultores contratados por el proyecto y no reflejan necesariamente la opinión o políticas de la Secretaría Ejecutiva del PL480 o de USAID Proyecto de Manejo Forestal Sostenible (BOLFOR) Cuarto Anillo, Av. 2 de Agosto Casilla # 6204 Santa Cruz, Bolivia Fax: 591-3-480854 Tel: 480766-480767 Email: [email protected] Citación: Justiniano, M.J.; Fredericksen, T.S.; Nash, D. 2001. “Ecología y Silvicultura de Especies Menos Conocidas – Serebó o Sombrerillo Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake, Caesalpiniaceae” Proyecto de Manejo Forestal Sostenible BOLFOR. Santa Cruz, Bolivia EDICIÓN DE ESTILO: Delicia Gutiérrez FOTOGRAFIAS: Joaquín Justiniano, Todd S. Fredericksen Para la reproducción íntegra o en parte de esta publicación se debe solicitar autorización al Proyecto BOLFOR. _______________ Impreso en Editora El País Dirección: Cronembold No. 6 Teléfono 343996 Santa Cruz, Bolivia Impreso en Bolivia - Printed in Bolivia BOLFOR es un proyecto financiado por USAID y PL480 en convenio con el MDSP Ecología y Silvicultura de Especies Menos Conocidas INDICE Página INTRODUCCION.........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Early Development of Schizolobium Amazonicum Seedlings Under Different Cultivation Conditions
    Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10(18) December 2016, Pages: 60-65 AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN:1991-8178 EISSN: 2309-8414 Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com Early Development of Schizolobium amazonicum Seedlings Under Different Cultivation Conditions 1Mauricio Reginaldo Alves dos Santos, 1Ozelma Alves Marques, 2Josilene Félix da Rocha, 1Abadio Hermes Vieira 1Embrapa Rondonia, Box.127. Porto Velho. Brazil. 76815-800. 2Universidade Federal de Lavras, Box.3037. Lavras. Brazil. 37200-000. Address For Correspondence: Mauricio Reginaldo Alves dos Santos, Embrapa Rondonia, Box. 127. Porto Velho. Brazil. 55-69-32195025; E-mail: [email protected] ARTICL E I N F O ABSTRACT Article history: Background: Schizolobium amazonicum is an Amazonian tree species useful for Received 19 September 2016 reforestation and commercial plantations, which causes the increased demand for Accepted 10 December 2016 uniform and high quality seedlings. It can be used for plantations in degraded areas, Published 31 December 2016 reforestation, and to compose agroforest systems due to its fast growth and good performance both in homogeneous formations and in conjunction with other species. Also, the establishment of forest plantations in areas of transition between savannah Keywords: and forest can be made possible using this species. The study of environmental effects Caesalpiniaceae, sunlight, substrate, on the production of seedlings is essential for the expansion of the cultivation of this plastic tube. species Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the early development of S. amazonicum seedlings submitted to different conditions of light, substrate and plastic tube volume, aiming at the establishment of methodologies for the production of high quality shoots.
    [Show full text]
  • A Mini Review
    1 Ethnopharmacological Properties of Ceasalpinia 2 benthamiana - A Mini Review. 3 Osho, A. 4 5 Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Mowe, Ogun State 6 87 9 . 10 Caesalpinia benthamiana (Baill.) Herend. and Zarucchi (synonym. Mezoneuron benthamianum Baill.) belongs to the family Fabaceae, it is a climbing or a straggling shrub and is well known in some West African countries for its medicinal properties where it is used to cure general malaise, wound, urethral discharge, ulcer, pile, skin infection and believed to have aphrodisiac property. Phytochemical studies have revealed the leaf to contain essential oils, Gallic acid derivatives, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, anthraquinones and reducing sugars while the aqueous fractions of the root contain Gallic acid, resveratrol and tannins. Pharmacological assays have established the plant to be anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, anti- bacterial, anti-candida, and to have vasorelaxation and aphrodisiac properties. This review presents information on the morphology, ecology, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicological properties of C. benthamiana and aims at providing an up-to-date detail that should constitute baseline information for future research on the plant. 11 12 Keywords: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxation, 13 aphrodisiac, Caesalpinia benthamiana 14 15 16 17 INTRODUCTION 18 19 Caesalpinia benthamiana (Baill.) Herend. and Zarucchi (=Mezoneuron benthamianum Baill.) 20 (Caesalpiniaceae) [1], belongs to the family Fabaceae and was first identified in 1866. 21 There are over 236 genera in Fabaceae and 24 species in the genus Caesalpinia to which 22 C. benthamiana is one of them. It is commonly call “tiger’s claw” because of its prickly 23 thorns.
    [Show full text]