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Throwing-Sticks in the National Museum

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Throwing-Sticks in the National Museum wa '^. V w- % / IMAGE EVALUATION % TEST TARGET (MT-3) U^i^ 2.5 1.0 22 20 I.I 1.8 o CIHM/ICMH CIHIVI/ICMH i/.l Microfiche Collection de H Series. microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques % Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The lnstitM,te has attempted to obtain the best L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire original copy available for filming. Features of this qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details copy which may be bibliographicaliy unique, de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du which may alter any of the images in the point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier reproduction, or which may significantly change une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une the usual method of filming, are checked below. modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous. 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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. rrata 1 :o pelure, 1 d 32X 1 SMI riisoMAN INSI 1 n riox. l.INITl^lJ STAT[£S NATIONAL MUSEUM, HROWING-STICKS IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. i;Y OTIS T. MASOiV, ('»',, .'.<> •'/ .'':/ I <,/•.! r!iii,-i:t \/ / t/'il,'/,' tlic Ri-pnit ol ihe Sini;lis(ini;ni Institution, ic;S3-'3i, I'art 1 1, |iat;o^ 271) 2S1), :nul pliitt-s 1 X \ 1 WASlIINOroN iluNI.KNMKN 1 rUlNllNt; 1 ilI'irK I S90. J : I -THROWINrrSTICKS IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Bv Otis T. Mason. Col. Lane Fox tells us there are three areas of the throwinjj-stick Australia, where it is simply an elongated spindle with a hook at the end ; the country of the Conibos and the Purus, on the Upper Amazon, where the implement resembles that of the Australians, and the hyper- borean regions of North America. It is of this last group that we shall now speak, since the National Museum possesses only two specimens from the first-named area and none whatever from the second. The researches and collections of Bessels, Turner, Boas, Hall, IVIintz- ner, Kennicott, Ray, Murdoch, Nelson, Herendeen, and Dall, to all of whom I acknowledge my obligations, enable me to compare widely sep- arated regions of the hyperborean area, ami to distinguish these regions by the details in the structure of the throwing- stick. The method of holding the throwing-stick is indicated in Fig. 1 by a drawing of H. W. Elliott. The E^Aimo is just in the act of launching the light seal harpoon. The barbed point will fasten itself into the animal, detach itself from the ivory foreshaft, and unwind the rawhide or sinew line, which is securely tied to both ends of the light wooden shaft by a martingale device. The heavj ivory foreshaft will cause the shaft to assume an upright position in the water, and the whole will act as a drag to impede the progress of the game. The same idea of imT)eding progress and of retrieving is carried out by a multi- tude of devices not necessary to mention here. The Eskimo spend much time in their skin kyaks, from which it would be dithcult to launch an arrow from a bow, or a harpoon from the unsteady, cold, and greasy hand. This device of the throwing-stick, therefore, is the substitute for the bow or the sling, to be used in the kyak, by a people who cannot procure the proper materials for a heavier lance-shaft, or at least whose environment is prejudicial to the use of such a weapon. Just as soon as we pass Mount St. Elias going south- ward, the throwing-stick, plus the spear or dart of the Eskimo and the Aleut, gives place to the harpoon with a long, heavy, cedar shaft, weigh- ing 15 or 20 pounds, whose momentum from both hands of the Indian, without the throw-stick, exceeds that of the Eskimo and Aleut dnrts 279 280 REPORT OF NATIONAL MU8KIJM, 1884. and harpoons, with the additional velocity imparted by the throwing- Ill 8tick. It must not be forgotten, also, that the kyak is a very frail, nn steady thnig, and therefore not much of the momentum of the body can til be utilized, as it is by the Northwest Indians in making a lunge with eil a heavy shaft. The throwingstick is also said by some arctic voy- lif agers to be useful in giving directness of aim. Perhaps no other savage oi| device comes so near in this respect to a gun barrel or the groove of a re bow-gun. Its greatest advantages, however, are the firm grip which it gives in handling u harpoon or dart, and the longer time which it permits the hunter to apjdy the force of his arm to the propulsion of bJ his weapon. Having practiced with a throwingstick somewhat, I have imagined also that there was a certain amount of leverage acquired by Pi the particular method of holding the stick and straightening the arm, as in a toggle joint. That implement, which seems so simple, and which is usually mentioned and dismissed in a word, possesses several marks or organs, which help to distinguish the locality in which each form occurs, as well as to define the associations of the implement as regards the weapon thrown from it and the game i)ursued. These marks are: I. iShape, or general outline in face and side view, and size. L'. Handle, the part grasped in the hand.
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