Hdp SaveAmerica?s Enda~ered Wdd ers

Mark W. Skinner Hummingbirds are the primary pollinators of Lilium bolanderi, which is just one of the spectacular native plants featured in the American Horticultural Society's 1987 Endangered Wildflowers Calendar. Many of America's most treasured wildflowers are threatened with extinction. In fact, experts estimate that 10 percent of the species and varieties native to the United States are in jeopardy. Over 50 taxa have already disappeared. Help save our endangered wildflowers by purchasing the American Horticultural Society's 1987 Endangered Wildflowers Calendar. Funds raised from sales will be used to support conservation projects. To order your calendar, turn to page 42. VOLUME 65 NUMBER 8

President's Page: A Challenge by Edward N. Dane 2

Plants for the Landscape: Astilbes by Mrs. Ralph Cannon 4

The Design Page: Garden Plans by Margaret Hensel 7

Garden Ornament: Sundials by Peter Loewer 10

Herb Gardens at the Washington Cathedral Text by Jeanne Shojaat Photography by Alexandra K. Scott 17

An Art Gallery Garden Text and Photography by Pamel a Harper 20

Ruminations on Kitchen Herbs by Frederick McGourty 24

Book Reviews by Barbara W. Ellis 30

Pronunciation Guide 34

Classifieds 36

Sources 43

On the Cover: Garden sculprures such as this striking terra cotta boy and girl add an air of artistry to an already beautiful garden. In fact, ornamental sculprure and gardens seem to complement each other quite narurally. Tra­ ditional ornaments, such as bird baths and sundials, can do much for an .empty corner, while less traditional pieces can add an element of surprise and delight for the garden visitor. To learn more about how one Ohio A suitabl e home for surplus pl ants when the man combines sculprure with his garden, rurn to "An Art Gallery Garden" Washington Cathedral's Hortulus ("little garden") on page 20. Photograph by Pamela Harper. was redesigned, this tiny triangular garden later became a focal point in its own ri ght. Unlike the nearby Hortulus, this garden has no special design, but both the assorted heights of the pl ants within it and the varying colors and leaf textures contrast delightfully. Behind the triangle is a sundial made from the head of a thirteenth-century pillar. For more on the redesigning of the Washington Cathedral Herb Garden, join Jeanne Shojaat on page 17. And to learn more about sundials, see "Sundials" on page 10. Photograph by Al exandra K. Scott.

EDITOR, PUBLICATIONS DIRECTOR: Ba rbara W. Ellis. ART DIRECTOR: Rebecca K. McClimans. ASSO OIATE EDITORS: Lynn M. Lynch and A. Brooke Russell. HO RTICU LTURAL CONSULTANTS: Gilbert S. Daniels, Jane Steffey. ASS IST ANT TO THE EDITOR: Martha Palermo. PRODUCTION ASS ISTANT: Lynn M. Lynch. BUSINESS MANAGER: May Lin Roscoe. MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR: Sa ll ie Hutcheson. COLOR SEPARATIONS: John Simmons, Chromagraphi", In c. ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE: C. W. Advertising, P.O. Box 138, Mount Vernon, VA 22121, (703) 360-6666.

Replacement issues of AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST are avail able at a cost of $2.50 per copy. The opinions expressed in the articles that appear in AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST are those of the authors and are not necessarily th ose of the Society. Manuscripts, 3r.t work and photographs sent fo r possible publication will be returned if they are accompanied by a se lf­ addressed, stamped envelope. We ca nnot guarantee the safe return of unsolicited material.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST, ISSN 0096·441 7, is the official publication of the American Horticultural Society, 793 1 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 22308, (703) 768-5700, and is issued monthly. Membership in the Society includes a subscription to AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST. Membership dues start at $20.00 a year, $12.00 of which is designated for AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST. Copyright © 1986 by the Ame rican Horticultural Society. Second-class postage paid at Alexandria, Virgi ni a and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send Form 3579 to AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST, Mount Vernon, Virginia 22121.

American Horticulturist PRESIDENT'S PAGE COldGreenhouse Frame Quality

Electric he Society's AmlUal Meeting this month in San Francisco marks steinmax the end of my term as President of the Board of Directors and Chipper-Shredder the beginning of Everitt Miller's term as my successor. Everitt • Compare the value T • Most powerful motor. Miller has served on the Society's Board of Directors for four years, 2.3hp on 110v. 1700 watts. • Chipper does 1V,' branches and has held the position of First Vice President for the last two years. • Center blade shreds corn Many of you will also recall that he was awarded the Society's presti­ stalks , prunings, old plants , newspapers and leaves. gious Liberty Hyde Bailey Medal in 1983 and is the former Director • Dulk leal shredding of Longwood Gardens in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. accessory. Changes in Board composition are, of course, mandated by the Soci­ Imported from England ety's bylaws. Changes in our organization's outlook and the ways we serve our members are not governed by such clear-cut rules, and there watering is always a tendency to cling to the old adage "If it ain't broke, don't fix it." But if the American Horticultural Society is going to continue --, Cans to serve AmeFican gardeners from all walks of life, it must continue to Regular & examine and improve its existing programs as well as plan and imple­ Long Reach Models ment new ones. One of the things that differentiates a Society membership from This range of 6 merely a subscription to a gardening magazine is the opportunity for cans handles every watering job in the greenhouse, garden or members' active participation. Clearly, not all of the Society's diverse home. Good looking , strong green plastic and and geographically separated members can be expected to participate built to last . Brass·faced rose attachments pro· vide gentle rain for seed beds and delicate seed· in the many Society-sponsored events, including tours, meetings and lings. All priced under $10. symposia. Nevertheless, there is a need for better communication Sliding-panel among the Society's members, board and staff. We must design more outreach programs that will not only promote greater cooperation compost Bins with sister societies and clubs, but will also encourage thoughtful re­ Garden and kitchen wastes become rich sponse from our membership and help the Society face the challenges compost in weeks. in the years to come. Scientifically designed English bins hold in The need to balance the traditional and proven activities of an en­ warmth and moistu re during institution like the American Horticultural Society with the for accelerated decomposition yet changing lifestyles of its members is one of those challenges. To ventilate correctly. achieve the goal of providing the most useful horticultural information Add materials anytime . 3 sizes in steel or to its many diverse members, the Society needs to encourage open plastic . communication among its membership. Although all members receive & the Society's publications, it is unfortunate that few members realize Rose Arbors the value their feedback could have in maintaining the health and Carden Arches well-being of the organization. With these classic The Society needs to know when it is doing a good job and when it English arches you can build a wide variety is not. If members don't exercise their right to communicate their of garden structures opinions, there will be a natural tendency among the policy-setting for climbing roses , grapes , wisteria , committees to assume that changes are not needed. clematis, etc. Strong In short, members who participate actively can only strengthen tb;l steel tubing sealed in weatherproof green Society. I believe the greatest challenge I can leave my successor is to plastic. Easily assembled . 8' tall find and promote ways to improve the channels of communication x 5' wide. amOiag us all. Call or write for FREE INFORMATION PACKAGE Kinsman• The company River Road (Dept. 911) Point Pleasant , PA 18950 (215) 297·5613 -Edward N. Dane

2 August 1986 Butterflies of the World PORCELAIN SCULPTURE COLLECTION

Fine porcelain with delicate hand-painting. $29.50 per sculpture. Available on a convenient rrwnthly basis.

So exceptional an artist is Brian Har­ greaves of Great Britain that he was commissioned to portray the gardens and butterflies of Buckingham Palace for Queen Elizabeth II. Now he brings his talent to the design of an exclusive collection of porcelain sculptures: The Butterflies of the World. This intriguing new collection makes it possible for you to have a garden of butterflies and flowers in your home all year long! Fifteen delightful butterflies in their own natural floral settings­ representing all fIfteen butterfly fami­ lies in nature's kingdom. You'll be able to display this collec­ tion attractively in your home. For you will receive a beautifully designed eta­ gere of brass and glass to hold all of the imported sculptures. Brian Hargreaves' designs are so fInely detailed that each delicate wing of a butterfly and each petal of a flower is precisely as you see it in nature. From the Monarch Butterfly with its bright or­ ange coloring ... to the boldly-striped Zebra Longwing . .. to the spectacular Malachite with emerald-shaped wings. The variety of colors is astonishing too - every shade and tone nature has given these charming creatures of flight. To acquire the collection, please mail the accompanying Subscription Appli­ Brass and glass stagere provided at no additional charge. cation by August 31, 1986. @) 1986 FM Ir------~------, SUBSCRIPTION APPLICATION t I I 1 The Franklin Mint Please mail by August 31, 1986. : : Franklin Center, Pennsylvania 1~091 Limit of one collection per person. : : Please enter my subscription for The Butterflies of the World Porcelain Sculpture Col- : I lection by Brian Hargreaves, consisting of fifteen miniature sculptures to be crafted in fine I 1 porcelain with delicate hand-painting. The sculptures will be sent to me at the rate of one : : per month. : I I need send no money now. Please bill me $29.50' for each poreelain sculpture in ad- I : vance of shipment. I will also receive a brass and glass etagere at no additional charge. : I 'Plus my state sales tax and $1.95 for I : ~-~~ : I Signature , f AL.L ORDERS ARE' SUBJECT TO ACCEPTANCE. • I Mr./Mrs. / Mis5 ______I I I I I I Address ______, I I I I , City, State ______Zip ______I I I 95 I I ~.=.~ L ______lI PLANTS FOR THE LANDSCAPE Astilbes

s a gardener, I am learning to value and admire astilbes for their unique A beauty. Their attractive leaves re­ tain a high gloss, and their flowers are both striking in color and unusual in form. If their simple cultural demands are met, they offer a long period of bloom during the summer months, filling the gardeFl with feathery spires for many weeks. Astilbes are herbaceous perennials that belong to the Saxifragaceae, or saxifrage family. These lovely plants have dark green, compound, fern-like leaves that are di­ vided two to three times into toothed or cut leaflets. The plants produce showy panicles of flowers in shades of white, pink, lilac, red and crimson. Each flower has two or three pistils and eight to 10 stamens. The widely branching inflores­ cences make the feathery flowers very at­ tractive. Since a single plume may contain hundreds of florets, the overall effect is often spectacular. Astilbes are attractive when planted in Astilbe simplicifolia 'Sprite' drifts or as companion plants. They blend well with other perennials such as Mo­ every now and then. It is easier to prevent sown in early spring in a greenhouse or narda, Primula, Iris and Hemerocallis. red spider infestations than to cure them. cold frame. Plants should be pot-grown Specimen plants are also effective, since When planting in colonies, allow about for a season, and will bloom the second the foliage, bloom and shape of each plant 18 inches of space between large plants. year from seed. can be appreciated from all sides. How­ The smaller cultivars need less space be­ There are many species and cultivars of ever, the position of one isolated astilbe tween plants-eight to 10 inches. This astilbes from which to choose. Your choices must be carefully chosen. A single speci­ spacing will allow for full development. will depend on what is available through men is best planted against a dark back­ Astilbes are heavy feeders, so you should plant catalogues. There are a few tall se­ ground-perhaps a dark-leaved conifer. give them an annual dressing of compost, lections suitable for a shaded spot or a This single-plant treatment has been so well-rotted manure or garden fertilizer. Be waterside garden, including Astilbe chi­ successful in my Chicago-area woodland sure to provide them with plenty of mois­ nensis var. davidii, a robust plant from garden that I have used several of these ture during their growing season; other­ China whose rose-purple flowers on up­ special plants, giving each a different po­ wise, the plants will perish. Since astilbes right, two-foot-long branch lets are carried sition and a different background. are relatively shallow-rooted, a mulch will on stems reaching six feet; A. rivularis, Astilbes require very little care. Provid­ help prevent heaving in the winter and with spiky panicles of flowers that range ing semi-shade and adequate moisture are drying out in the summer. from yellowish-white to reddish and are the key to their successful cultivation. If Astilbes can be propagated by division borne on four- to five-foot stems; A. ta­ you decide to grow astilbes, try to choose or by removing rooted offsets. This is done quetii, a rigid, stately, two- to three-foot­ a location that offers very light shade; as­ in early spring in the colder regions, and tall plant with spikes of bright reddish-lilac tilbes are reasonably happy in full sun or in the spring or autumn in the warmer flowers; and A. grandis, with creamy-white, dappled shade, but they will not survive regions. Since the fibrous root clumps of three-foot-long panicles on stems of up to in dense shade. The soil should be rich in astilbes are quite heavy and tight, plants six feet. leaf mold and humus, with ample moisture should be divided every three or four years Of the medium-height species, A. ja­ and drainage. (Astilbes are ideal plants for to keep them vigorous. Their fibrous root ponica is the best known. It bears true moist woodlands or locatiolils near water.) systems make it possible to move plants white flowers in loose panicles on stems Dry conditions lead to red spider attacks, anytime, even when they are in flower. that are from one to two feet tall, and which can be controlled by hosing the plants Astilbes can also be propagated by seed blooms early in the spring. A. chinensis

4 August 1986 Country Casual

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grows from 18 inches to three feet in height, and sports panicles of white blossoms flushed with rose or purple. There are some astilbes that are small enough for rock gardens, too. A. chinensis 'Pumila' sports flattened mats of disstlcted leaves, above which rise short, stiff flower spiktls on six- to 12-inch stems. The flow­ ers are rosy-pink frosted with bluish­ lavender. This cultivar will self-sow in sldit­ able locations, and comes true to form from seed. A. simplicifolia is a late-season bloomer. Its leavtls are glossy, deeply lobed and toothed. It bea,rs small white to pah~ pink flowers on six- to 12-inch-Iong stems. A. simplicifolia 'Alba' has pure white flow­ ers. Another cultivar of A. simplicifolia, 'William Buchanan', displays creamy-white flowers on nine-inch stems over a compact bushlet of crimson-tinted, dissected Itlavtls. 'Sprite' is another charming cultivar, with pink flowers and beautiful foliage. In the early twentieth century, two growers-Lemoine in France and Arends in Germany-carried out extensive hy­ bridizing of astilbes, giving rise to the A. x lemoinei and A. x arendsii hybrids. These two garden hybrids, produced ifl Holland and Germany, contain many named cultivars that are widely available. Among the tall to medium-high wltivars are the whites, which bloom from early spring to Augldst: 'Deutschland', 'Snow Cloud', 'Gladstone', 'Bridal Veil' and 'Av­ alanche', to name a few. The pinks include 'Queen Alexandra' (deep pink), 'Gloria Superba' (rose-pink), 'Peach Blossom' (pale peach-pink), 'Rheinland' (clear pink), 'As­ tro Rosea', (rose-madder flowers on red stems) and 'June' (deep rose). Some of the reds and crimsons are 'Fanal' (carmine-red and bronze foliage), 'William Reeves' (dark crimson flowers, red stems and bronze fo­ liage), 'Feuer' (deep crimson), 'Red Sen­ tinel' (glistening, rich red flowers), 'Bre­ men' (deep crimson flowers on short stems), 'Etna' (bright crimson-red) and 'Koblenz' (glowing, light red blossoms). All of these astilbe cultivars are easily grown and readily available. (See "Sources" on page 43 for a list of mail-order sup­ pliers.) They are valuable additions to any garden that offers shade and moisture, and are horticultural beauties to be treasured and shared with other gardeners. ft -Mrs. Ralph Cannon

Mrs. Ralph Cannon received her doctorate from the University of Chicago and is now retired as Professor Emeritus from that institution.

6 August 1986 mE DESIGN PAGE Garden Plans

arden plans tracing paper; felt-tip aren't for pens of various colors; Geveryone. a T-square; and fi­ Many people can go nally, triangular rules through their entire of various sizes (%­ lives without ever inch , VB -inch, '/ 16 - seeing their gardens on inch). paper. One accom­ Begin drawing your plished gardener I plan outdoors, in your know refuses to mea­ back yard, for exam­ sure anything. The ple. First, select a fixed shapes of her borders, line or lines, such as for example, are laid the edge of your house out with a hose, which or drive. Or you can she jiggles around till "¥ establish an arbitrary the line "feels right." ~ point and run your line As for trees and ~ off that point. From shrubs, she walks ~ these lines, draw per- around her garden and Stone paths and walls give this private garden a sense of permanence and structure. pendicular lines at five­ plunks broomsticks or la-foot intervals. down in what seem to be appropriate spots. the surroundings; it becomes difficult, if Then cross these with lines at periodic points Then, just to make sure, she asks her hus­ not impossible, to see the surroundings dif­ to form a grid. This grid will help you site band to stand with his arms "out like an ferently or to imagine changing the basic trees, shrubs and borders. On the outline oak." If the design still isn't quite right, he structure. (This staleness of perception is of the house, mark out the positions of obligingly moves about like a chess piece one reason plantings tend to huddle around doors and windows, and think about what till the spot is chosen or it is tea time. foundations or to hug property lines. ) Oc­ you might enjoy seeing from each one. Now For those gardeners without spouses or casionally, they may widen or narrow a is also the time to think about how you friends willing to stand around like oak walk, but rarely do they consider moving use these rooms during the day and trees, or for those who cannot visualize it entirely and striking out into new turf. throughout the year. what they want their garden to look like, From a plan perspective, you see the Once you have established the site di­ plans can be important tools, particularly entire garden as if looking down from an mensions and located the major features when it comes to planting large numbers airplane, not just one section at a time. of your landscape, you can transfer the of trees and shrubs. A plan will also help From this "height," the layout can be viewed information on the graph paper to the yel­ keep a gardener honest. On a bare site, more objectively, and the fundamentals are low tracing paper. At this point, it is im­ large or small, container-grown trees and clearer. Once you become familiar with portant to select a workable scale appro­ shrubs can look quite insignificant, and the this new way of looking at your garden, priate to the size of your site and the level temptation to jam in a few more for im­ it becomes easier to see how areas relate of detail you'll be working with (for ex­ mediate effect is often overwhelming. A to each other and to begin playing with ample, V4 inch = 1 foot for an area of plan that shows the mature dimensions of alternatives. shrubs, or 1/2 inch = 1 foot for something each specimen drawn to scale can help the Drawing a plan to scale is not difficult like a perennial border). gardener avoid this temptation. for a relatively small site (anything up to After you have transferred the funda­ In addition, a plan can help break pre­ a couple of acres), as long as grade changes mentals (trees, house, existing shrubs, etc.), conceived patterns and encourage a bit of aren't too dramatic. The equipment needed you can begin roughing out the various abstract thinking that can result in the for­ is minimal and can, for the most part, be use areas, both as they exist now and as mation of new .spaces and perhaps more purchased at an art or architectural supply you would like to see them in the future. exciting relationships between them. Many store: cloth measuring tape (50 to 100 feet) A color code system will help keep the homeowners who design their own land­ that winds back into its case (some people whole thing somewhat legible as you bring scapes get caught in the trap of their gar­ prefer metal); bamboo stakes to mark off more factors into play. You might use dark dens' existing layout and their daily rou­ measurement points; a pad of graph paper green lines to indicate paths and general tines within it. As they walk the same route (%-inch squares, 18 inches by 12 inches, circulation patterns-for instance, to show from garage to house, from back porch to or larger, if available); a drafting pencil, how you can get from the back porch to vegetable garden, day after day, year after soft leads (B and HB), and a sharpener; the garage or compost pile, or from the year, their senses become accustomed to soft erasers; a roll of yellow, 24-inch-wide terrace to the proposed pond. Yellow could

American Horticulturist 7 THE DESIGN PAGE

The best darn cordless, be used to outline potential children's play areas, red to indicate fl ower borders and so forth. The idea is not so much to make , rechargeable pretty pictures or to get it just ri ght the first time as it is to stimulate ideas and alternati ves. You might also find it helpful to write sprayers! down ideas di rectly on the yell ow tracing paper. Walk to the front door. Is the walk­ way wide enough ? H ow about perennial borders on either side? Fragrance? Color? Sequence of bloom? Should the yews be • Rechargeable Sealed Battery pulled ? Could the concrete path be changed Sprays 60 gallons on a single charge to brick ? As k yourself what would happen • 3 Nozzles on a single charge if you were to shift a path, change its di­ Conveniently mounted on side of unit recti on or eliminate it entirely. Then draw

• Electric OnlOff Button out a few lines on your plan and see what Start and stop pump instantly the alternatives look like and how they affect your experi ence as you walk along • Pressure Control Valve Adjust pressure at the gun the path. Also, consider what the changes you are considering might do to surround­ • 5 gallon tank easily removed for cleaning ing areas. During these fli ghts of fa ncy, it is often the most insignificant observati ons • Big 12" Cart wheels or intuitive fl ashes that develop into in­ • Only 15" wide. Fits into tight spaces teresting design solutions, so don't ignore what may seem like trivial thoughts in hopes • Power to reach 25 ft. plus of coming upon some big design break­ • Free Battery Charger Included th rough. Each time a piece of tracing paper gets The 5 Gallon Greenleaf Garden Sprayer too crowded, tear off a fresh piece and lay it over your last set of scribbles. This way, you can locate permanent structures and fea tures, and select some of the bes t con­ Available in 21/2, 5 and 15 gallon models cepts or begin anew without an accumu­ lated clutter of ideas. Later, you can go Control aphids, slugs, weevils, ATTENTION GARDEN CART back and sift out the parts that seem to fit red spider mites, rodents, molds, OWNERS: Save $25.00 on the 5 together into a workable whole. fungi , viruses, weeds and more and 15 gal. models. Adapted and There are many factors to consider when with this rugged portable, high ready to mount in your garden drawing a plan fo r an enj oyable and per­ quality instrument. cart! sonal garden or landscape. One of the most Always even application of pes­ im portant is fl exibility. Every garden is in ticides, herbicides and fertilizers r------a constant state of change, from season to for your shrubs, vegetables and PLEASE RUSH ME: season, year to year and even ge nerati on flowers. __ A FREE COMPLETE INFORMATION PACK ET to generati o n. Any plan that tries to stop Try the Greenleaf Garden __ A 2.5 gal. Greenleaf Sprayer @ $248.50 ~ $12 s&h this natural evolution results in a garden Sprayer for 30 days. If during that __ A5 gal. Greenleaf Sprayer @ $279.50 ~ $12 s&h that looks like a stage set-often beautiful , time you aren 't completely satis­ __ A 15 gal. Greenleaf Sprayer @ $327.50 ~ $15s&h but also stale after the first half a dozen fied , return it for a full refund. Name ______evening performances. In a border, some No questions asked. Address ______pl ants may die out, while others mush­ City State _____ room into magnificent specimens you hadn't Zi p Phone ______imagined. Or a gnarl ed apple tree might

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Cardholder's Name ______the reason you needed to shift the path 's Signature ______directi on (and character) into an adj acent

High tedmoIogy broogbl down to earth. Card # ______meadow of lupine--a lovely effect far re­ moved fro m the circles and green arrows (504) 892-4272 Exp. Date ______on yo ur yell ow tracing paper. 4} Mail check and order to Greenleaf Technologies P.O. Box 364, Mandeville. l ouisiana 70448. --Margaret Hensel Margaret Hensel is a landscape des igner and writer livi ng in western Massachusetts.

8 August 1986 Haddon§1tone

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ast summer I installed an antique sundial in the center of our back L garden. It was not an easy job, since the type I purchased is a variatioFl of the armillary sphere, consisting of a set of three interlocking rings, each of which is about 19 inches in diameter. All of the rings are held up to the heavens by a tiny figure of Atlas. One ring holds a copper band in­ FREE scribed with numbers representing the hours CATALOG of the day; the second ring supports an arrow that acts as a gnomon to cast the Sundials, sun's shadow; and the third, inscribed with Weathervanes. degrees of latitude, supports the other two and is attached to the Atlas figure. This device requires a solid support­ Wind & Weather one that is perfectly level and plumb, yet Box 2320 - AH high enough to be read with ease and still Mendocino, CA 95460 be in scale with the rest of the garden. (707) 937-0323 Luckily, I had an old two-foot-long con­ crete drainage tile-six inches square and perfectly plain-that could be used as a A sundial in the herb garden at Fernwood in support for the dial. An afternoon's work­ Niles, Michigan. along with a bag of ready-mix concrete, some gravel and a carriage bolt to hold surface-marked to show hours or frac­ the sphere's base-turned this tile into the tions of hours-of an object on which the base for a garden ornament that is both sun's rays fall. Any object whose shadow aesthetically pleasing and practical. is used to determine time is called a gno­ and contemporary. I dug a foot-deep hole, lined it with gravel mon (o riginally from the Greek gnomos, English lead, for proper drainage, topped the gravel with meaning "one who knows"). The shadow­ Italian carved a concrete block, then placed the tile six casting object is usually a style, pin or metal stone, inches below the surface of the ground. I British teakwood, plate. American cast then filled the hole with concrete (making Poles, upright stones or possibly bones bronze. sure it flowed freely into the base), inserted were used as gnomons by early man. For the carriage bolt and smoothed the area example, when on the hunt, advance scouts around the bolt's threaded tip. I left every­ of Indians in Labrador would set a stick thing alone for three days to allow the upright in the snow and mark the line of concrete to dry. Finally, under a brilliant the shadow that was cast. About three hours afternoon sun, I bolted the base of Atlas later, the women of the tribe would ap­ to its new pedestal after using a compass pear, heavily laden with fuel and provi­ to make sure the arrow pointed north. Then sions. By noting the difference between the I adjusted the vertical ring that Atlas holds present shadow and that marked by the so that it agreed with our latitude, and men, they would know whether they had watched the shadow of the arrow's shaft time to rest before continuing on their way. Catalog 84.00 pass just beyond the numeral "3." With a Most of these ancient "sundials" were or visit- rapidly beating heart, I glanced at my watch. so makeshift that they did not last through It read 3:05. The da te was April 13. the ages. The true sundials-both portable ERlilNS Miraculous! and permanently fixed types-were prob­ STUDIOS ably first used either in Egypt or in Mes­ 604 Thames St About Sundials opotamia. The oldest existing sundial is an Newport, R.1. 02840 The sundial is an instrument that indicates Egyptian instrument (circa 1500 B.C.) the time of day by the shadow cast on the consisting of a flat stone on which is fixed

10 August 1986 an L-shaped bar, much like a carpenter's whatever way you please: Les heures heu­ • for Bonsai, square. The bar's short, vertical limb casts reuses ne se comptent pas [The happy hours terrariums, dish a shadow that is measured by markings cannot be counted]. They were outlined gardens, mini­ on the longer horizontal limb. for me, those words, in baby sprigs of box landscapes. Wee sha mrocks In the first century A.D., the accuracy by a friend who is no more, who loved my to bring you good of sundials was greatly improved when it garden and was good to it." luck, mini-gardenias was discovered that by setting the gno­ Sundia ls based on a rmillary spheres li ke for Bonsai buffs, dwarf fuchsias to mon's direction parall el to the earth's axis, the one in my garden were also popular. grow on your the apparent east-to-west motion of the These were eventually simplified to form windowsill. Mini- sun determined the swing of the shadow. the equatorial dial, which consisted of two ature roses for winter bouquets. Grow fragrant mini However, the development of sundials half-circles, one o f which held the num­ lilacs, or little pussy willows. Make a slowed during the so-call ed Dark Ages that bers, and the other, the arrowhead gnomon. corsage with mini orchids. Enjoy dwarf led up to the projected end of the world Finall y, there was th e noon cannon, a pomegranates with real fruit! Watch mini Christmas cactus come into bloom. set for 1000 A.D. Finall y, the world design that originated in the ea rl y 17th Year ' round shipping to U .S.A. and "awoke" in 1001, the church renewed its century and was honored by Noel Coward Canada. Send for mail-order catalog today. It's FREE! interest in the holy calendar, and time­ in Mad Dogs and Englishmen with th e ---- -Clip & Mail- -- -- keeping advanced once again. lines, " In Hongkong / they strike a gong MINIATURE PLANT WORLD - 45638 Yet time continued to be only a way of / And fire off a noon day gun / To repri ­ I Elder Ave., Bo x 7 A, Sardis, B.C. V2R 1 A5 marking intervals between church holi­ mand each inmate / who's in late." This I days, which were important to th e astrol­ parti cular dial used a brass-mounted lens I o YES, I'd like to hear more about ogers and astronomers. For most people, with an adjustabl e arm to focus the sun 's your MINI PLANTS. Please rush I my FREE Catalog. morning, noon, afternoon and evening were rays on a cha rge of bl ack powder; thus, a I all the measurements needed to li ve through tiny cannon exploded with the a rrival of I My name is ______a typical day. Therefore, it is not surprising noon. Noon cannons were often used in I I live at ______that the sundials and water clocks of an­ the 19th and ea rl y 20th century on plan­ tiquity were more or less unpredictable in tations in India to let workers know when I In their ability to meas ure the passage of time it was time for a rest. I I LS~t:... _____ ~ ____ :.J accurately. It was not until a successful One of the largest and most unusual pendulum clock was invented by the Dutch sundials eve r made is inJaipur, India. Con­ scientist Christian Huygens in the middle structed in approximately 1724, it covers of the 17th century that mankind at last almost an acre of ground and has a gno­ had a timepiece th at was accurate. mon over 100 feet high with a complete During the Renaissance, sundials of great observatory on top. complexity and fantastic design were de­ Among the more interesting and ingen­ veloped. By the 1600's installation had be­ ious sundials constructed in England was come so simple that any carpenter or that of Sir Isaac Newton. Newton's dial homeowner could layout the hour lines consisted of a small , circular mirror that .--- , with a high degree of accuracy. The most was fixed to a windowsill and reflected the I I familiar design then-as now-was the sun's rays on the cei ling of his room, which I I round or square plate of metal inscribed was painted with hour lines and numerals. I I with numerals and topped by a triangular Another unique sundial was executed in I Greenhouse I gnomon, which was usually placed upon stone in 1622 by Nicholas Stone, a close or Sunroom? I a pedestal. Almost as popular were the associate of British architect Inigo Jones. I Make the right choice with Janco. vertical dials, which were often installed The sundial was designed by Edmund I in public squares on the south side of the Gunter (the man responsible for the terms We're the only manufacturer to offer I town hall. Unlike the horizontal varieties, cosine and cotangent) for the King's Privy a co mplete range of greenhouses and I these sundials had to face exactly south Garden at Whitehall. It consisted of a dozen 50larooms to match every lifestyle, I and were read counterclockwise. climate and budget, dials that showed a dozen different as­ So before you make your decision. I Floral sundials were also common dur­ trological times and surrounded a large, send $2.00 and receive our informa­ I ing the Renaissance. Live flowers were used concave dial at the center. In 1699, the tive 48-page color catalog featuring I to make the dial, and the gnomon was Reverend Francis Hall, a professor of over 100 greenhO~uses, I usually a trellis covered with vines. These mathematics at Liege, designed and built 50larooms and accessories , I sundials were sometimes so elaborate that a great pyramidal dial for Charles II in the &. GLASS STRUCTURES I they defied description. Lady Warwick of same garden that consisted of 271 different Mail to: Building in the sun since 1948. Essex, whose garden included a floral dial, Janco Greenhouses, Dept. AM 8, 9390 Davis Ave .. I and smaller dials showing the time ac­ Laurel. MD 20707. (301) 498-5700 wrote, " Never was such a perfect time­ cording to the Babylonian, Italian, Jewish I've enclosed 52.00 to cover first-class postage and I keeper as my sundial, and the figures which and astronomical ways of counting. In ad­ handling of my 48·page color catalog . I Name I record the hours are all cut out and trimmed dition, the dial included various other fig­ Address ______in box [Buxus spp.J, and there again on ures associated with contemporary as­ City State ___ Zip --- I its outer ring is a legend which reads in tronomy, geography and astrology. L ------Phone ( ) .. American Horticulturist 11 GARDEN ORNAMENT

During the Revolutionary War in Amer­ ica, portable dials were used instead of watches. George Washington owned such a dial, which he carried, along with a com­ pass, in a delicately wrought, oval-shaped, silver case. Even when watches came into general use by the 18th century, most peo­ ple felt they could not depend on such mechanical contrivances, and the local sundial was still used to check for accuracy Distinctive structures and ornaments for outdoor spaces including: Gazebos, or to set the time, Bridges, Gates, P~rgolas, Arbors, Fur­ Finally, the French developed an instru­ niture, Planters, Mailboxes, Light Fix­ ment called the heliochronometer, which tures, and Other Decorative Accessories. employed the sun to cast the shadow of a fine wire on a carefully calibrated dial. This instrument was used to set the watches of all the Frenoh railroadmen until the early 1900's. For our fully illustrated ca talog se nd $6.00. Write to: Th e Garden Concepts Collection, Dept. AH76 The Sundial in Literature Po. Box 241 233, M emphis, TN 38124-1 233 (901)682-1109 Allusions to sundials in literature are plen­ tifhll. For example, Paul Hentmer (1558- 1623) wrote of walking about the gardens THEQARDEN of Whitehall, wroere playful gardeners had installed water jets around the garden's O----O-rJ]\(jEPTc§~~ sundial. When unwary visitors bent to COLLE(TION glance at the time, they were sprayed from head to toe, Andrew Marvell (1621-1678) wrote the SUNDIALS ... following about floral clocks: "How well a skilful gardener drew / Of flowers and A Collector's Showpiece herbs this dial new, / Where from above Indicates Accurate Solar Time Forever the milder sun / Does through a fragrant zodiac run; / And as it works, the indus­ The trious bee / Computes its time as well as Exeter we. / Be reckoned but with herbs and Excellent flowers?" Gift Later, Batty Langley (1696-1751), when for writing of the state of gardens in general, Others suggested that the intersections of all gar­ or den walks be adorned with statues, and Yourself these in turn, surrounded by groves, ever­ greens, flowering shrubs and sundials. $125.00 Charles Lamb (1775-1834) spoke elo­ quently of sundials when he wrote about Beautiful equatorial sundial cast in solid brass, rich Temple Gardens: "What an antique air natural brilliance. Base accented with compass rose. 13 V2" H.. 7V. 1I D. Instruction booklet incl. had the now almost effaced sun-dials, with their moral inscriptions ... holding cor­ Unique double glazed Quality changeable thermal option Mall to: SUNDIALS, 6308 W. Cortland Av •. , respondence with the fountain of light! How Chicago, IL 60639 would the dark line steal imperceptibly on, Redwood Greenhouses Name______The finest you can buy Address watched by the eye of childhood, eager to Wide variety of designs & sizes, plus City State _____Zip ___ detect its movement, never catched, nice custom sizes to suit special needs. Sun room design in many sizes, too. $125.00 ea., plus $3.50 shipping & handling H as an evanescent cloud, or the first arrests Unique prefabrication - easy to erect. (Illinois resident add 6% sales tax) of sleep! What a dead thing is a clock, with Low factory prices, freight prepaid. o Payment enclosed Options and many accessories. o Charge my 0 MasterCard its ponderous embowelments of lead or 30 years experience. o VISA brass, its pert or solemn dulness of com­ Card No. ______Exp. Date ____ rS\ Send for free color catalog munication, compared with the simple altar­ turdi-built Signature ______like structure and silent heart-language of :Manufac tul'lng Corn.pany o $1.00 enclosed. Send Catalog showing 20 models. the old dial! It stood as the garden god of Dept. AH, 11304 SW Boones Ferry Rd .. Portland. OR 97219 Christian gardens ...."

12 August1986 The New Dayllly

Many authors became very attached to "The Ultimate Perennial" the time-keeping devices. For example, it is said that when Sir William Temple (1628- £rwlzantin;) ;)aufw~ £.E.gin with thE. --M:w 7::x;:Jlit!J. 1699) died, his heart was sealed within a .JVE.W {!OfOH-.JVE.W gowH-.JVE.W 9fowE.~/ silver box and, with great ceremony, bur­ {!OlnE.-!BE. E n.cf!tantJJ ied beneath the sundial in his garden. 25 gJ~E. r.DE.~ C!~iptiC:JE (!atafo;) in {!ofo~ J $7.00 Mottoes on the Dial's Edge Greenwood Nursery Throughout the centuries, sundial aficion­ fD~pt . df, c:P.O !Box 1610 ados have not only written about the time­ golda, (!df 93 11 6 ( 805) 964-2420 keeping devices; they have also felt com­ pelled to inscribe mottoes on the dials themselves. Among the mottoes that have appeared around the outer edges are " I count none but sunny hours," which is a corruption of a motto chosen by Queen Alexandra for the sundial at Sandringham: " Let others tell of storms and showers, I' ll only count your sunny hours"; and "A clock the time may wrongly tell, I never if the sun shine well." The ever-popula r "Grow old along with me, the best is yet to be" is also found on many dials. More unusual mottoes, featured in an early 20th-century book entitled A Book of Sundials, include the one on the dial installed in the King's Garden, Holyrood. Presented by Charles I to Queen Henrietta Maria, it read, " United in time, parted in time, to be reunited when time shall be no more." A dial in the garden of Harriet Marti­ Lilypons Water Gardens neau read, "Come light visit me." Appro­ priately, the dial of a public house near !BE.;)in !J0U~ watE.~ ;)aufw tod~ with a .1}il!Jponi catafogUE. Grenoble noted, " This is the hour of drink­ ing." Other intriguing mottoes include fwtu~in;) p~E. afu~ p~E. of £.wutifuf wau~ fifiE.~J fotu~J £.0;) "Some come some go, this life is so" and pfant~J fi~hJ ~tatUa'l:J J and ~ E.~untiaf~ fo~ £E.E.pin;) it aff wo~in;) " My houres are made of sun and shade, to;)E.,thE.~. take hede of what your houres be made." A favorite line of mine written by Publilius .JVo poof? {!Jwou a fi£.E.~laH o~ gJrv{! poof foOln thE., InanJj ~i=~ Syrus (c. 42 B.C.) would be perfect for iliown in tfz& .1}ie!Jpon~ catafo:JUE.. inscribing on a gnomon: "Even a single hair casts its own shadow." ------, o Please send the new Lilypons catalogue plus informative Sundial Time newsletters with seasonal sales. Enclosed is $4.00. Scientists recognize three principal types Maryland (20¢) and Texas (21¢) residents please add tax. of time: sidereal, apparent solar and mean o Please rush my catalogue by first class mail. Enclosed is $5.50. solar. Sidereal time is used mainly by astron­ o 1500 Arnhort Road o 1500 Lilypons Road omers. It is a measurement of the time it P.O. Box 10 P.O. Box 188 takes for one complete rotation of the night Lilypons, MD 21717-0010 Brookshire, TX 77423-0188 sky, that is, the time required for a star to (301) 874-5133 (713) 934-8525 return to the same spot overhead that it occupied the night before (about 1/365 of a year). Name Address Apparent solar time measures the solar day and is read on a sundial. It is the time City State Zip it takes for the sun to appear in the same ------~ spot in the sky, day by day. These mea­ surements add up to about 365% solar

American Horticulturist 13 GARDEN ORNAMENT English Lead Hare Made in Alabama days, which equals one solar year. Now, dard time. It is used by Halifax and a few instead of changing our clocks by one­ adjacent cities in Canada. quarter of a day each year, we use a 365- If you live directly on a time meridian day year with one 366-day leap year every for the particular time belt in which you four years. live, your dial will register the standard The method of measuring time using leap time of your region. Time meridians (found years was introduced long ago, in the days by multiplying 15 degrees by your zone of Julius Caesar. However, by 1582, time number) for the various zones in the United measured in this way did not reflect the States are as follows: Eastern, 75th; Cen­ proper season, since a year is really tral, 90th; Mountain, 105th; and Pacific, 365.2422 days long. The Georgian cal­ 120th. If you live east or west of these lines endar then skipped 10 days to compensate of longitude, the time shown on your sun­ for this difference, and new leap year rul­ dial will be earlier or later than the actual ings were made to take up the excess time: standard time of your region. century years (1800, 1900, 2000, etc.) would not be leap years unless they were Installing Your Sundial evenly divisible by 400. Therefore, 1800 When you buy a horizontal sundial, the and 1900 were not leap years, but 2000' manufacturer usually asks your latitude or and 2400 will be. sends you a dial with an average setting It is surprisingly difficult to keep accu­ for the United States or Canada. (The width $231.00 delivered. Send rate time by the sun alone. Because of grav­ between the numerals should be plotted $5.00 for 130-page catalog. itation, the earth travels at different speeds for your particular latitude.) The armillary as it journeys along its orbit. As a result, type can be easily adjusted to your specific Southern Statuary & sundials are absolutely correct only four situation. Stone times a year: December 25, April 16, June When installing a sundial or using the 3401 5th Ave. South, 15 and September 1. The rest of the time, portable variety, keep in mind that the place Birmingham, AL 35222 they are either slow by as much as 16 min­ upon which the instrument sits must be utes or fast by up to 14 minutes. By con­ absolutely level. Any deviations will change sulting a chart call ed the "equation of time," the gnomon's shadow and will result in an sundial owners who are particular about incorrect reading. For the same reason, the THATCHED accuracy can adjust their instruments to gnomon must be absolutely perpendicular match their watches. to the earth's surface. ROOF The third form of time, mean solar time, Any sundial that you may find will be BIRD averages out the differences in apparent of use in your garden. However, you will solar time and gives us an artificial but probably have to adjust your dial for it to HOUSES exact 24-hour day. show reasonably correct time. If you are In addition to the three major types of a purist, you wi ll need to plot compass time recognized by scientists, there is earth points to magnetic north and not true north. time. Since it is impossible for each place If you wish to forgo complicated in­ on earth to have its own local time based structions, just set your sundial in place on a noon hour (that is, when the sun is about noon. When there is no shadow on c;lirectly overhead), the earth has been di­ the dial except a mere slit and the gnomon vided into standard time zones. Each of is pointing due north, the gnomon's shadow these zones is 15 degrees longitude in width; is exactly on the north-south axis of the 360 degrees represents the whole earth. earth, and it is noon in your garden . Of The time in two neighboring zones differs course, it might not be noon according to Made in England by "cottage industry," by one hour. Thus, if you move east, you the radio or your clocks, since you will be The Thatched Roof Bird Houses have the set your watch ahead; west, you set it back. reading apparent solar time. charm of Folk-craft ... one of those pleasant The Royal Observatory in Greenwich, Our remote ancestors were far less con­ touches that make the English Gardens famous. The house is a rustic hollowed England, is the place where earth's time scious of time than we are. Today, the only branch with a flat back to hang on a wall , zones begin and is considered 0 degrees. peaceful and unhurried time left to us may fence , or tree. A stub of a stem is the perch. In the United States and Canada, four stan­ be the time spent in the garden. There, the Twigs are fitted to hold the thatching. 10" dard time zones were adopted by the rail­ dark line moving slowly across our figured high . Easy to clean out. Writes a reordering customer: " ... my thatched bird house is the roads in 1883 and were eventually adopted dial tells us that there is still time to linger talk of the neighborhood." Only 18.95 by the citizens and the government. The before the night drives us back inside. ~ each. Shipping $2.00 zones were named Eastern Standard, zone -Peter Loewer 5; Central, zone 6; Mountain, zone 7; and WALT NICKE Peter Loewer is a botanical artist and Pacific, zone 8. Intercolonial, or Provin­ BOX 667A HUDSON. NY 12534 scientific illustrator who writes and illustrates cial, time corresponds to the 60th meridian his own books. He is the author of Gardens and is one hour earlier than Eastern Stan- by Design, published by Rodale Press.

14 August 1986 Now for the First Time, Japanese Cloisonne and Precious Metals Enrich a Limited-Edition Plate

• Strictly limited edition . Painstakingly craited, combining .Japanese cloisonne and 23K gold on porcelain for tbe first time ever. Cb"'~ScUttbemum The Japanese have always paid rev­ • Shown smaller than erent tribute to nature's flowers­ introduced and a "firs t" in limited edi­ actual size of 6" in diameter. through folklore, literal'y symbolism, and tions. Therefore, a quick close-out is © 1986. He by honoring them with elaborate festi­ likely-just as other important pre­ r------vals. And perhaps the most spectacular miere plates of crystal and jasper ware RESPOND BY: August 30. 1986 of all Japan's annual flower celebrations have sold out. Please accept my application for "Chrysanthe­ is the fall festival dedicated to the chry­ Thus, you are urged to acquil'e mum," first iss ue in the Flower Festivals ofJapan santhemum-which symbolizes lon­ "Chrysanthemum" promptly-espe­ Collection. Hand-numbered with numbered cer­ gevity and the coming of autumn. tificate. 6" diameter. $55.00 (plus Sl.96 postage and cially since its edition limit is just 10 handlingl each ; payable in two equal install­ Now, in tribute to this elegant flowel~ firing days, due to the extensive crafts­ ments with the first ins tallment due prior to The Hamilton Collection presents manship involved. The plate is num­ shipment and an invoice for the second install­ "Chrysanthemum"-a first-issue plate bered on its reverse and accompanied ment accompanying shipment. I am under no which marks an histOl'ical premiere. For by a same-numbered Certificate of obligation to purchase any further plates. never before has there been a limited­ I prefer to pay the first installment fo r my __ Authenticity. plate(sl: [lor 21 edition collector plate crafted of true As an owner of "Chrysanthemum," o With this application. I enclose $Z8 .48" ($56.96 Japanese cloisonne, you will win the right to own all seven for two plates) by check or me ney order This 400-year-old art form involves the subsequent Japanese cloisonne plates o By credit card. Charge $28.48' ($56.96 for hand-application of silver foil and wires two plates) to my credit card as follows [check in a collection entitled Flower Festivals one only): 0 Visa 0 American Express to form the flower patter'n on a metal of Japan at the same, guaranteed price o MasterCard 0 Diners Club 86660 disk. Then the vibrant enamels are of $55 each-but you will never be obli­ Full Ace!. No . ______applied by hand between the silver gated to buy another single plate. Each wires. After firing and polishing, the is payable in two convenient Exp. Date ------=-0-=-OZ=-=8:-:4-=-8/-=0-=-05:::6=96 enamels glow with jewe l-like installments. Signature ______translucence. Furthermore, there is no risk in Name ______The disk is then bonded to a fine por­ ordering "Chrysanthemum" under The Address ______celain plate and encircled with a wide Hamilton Collection 100% Buy-Back City ______23K band of gold. A rich blue bOI'der Guarantee. You may I'eturn this plate or State Zip ______design further enhances the central any other within 30 days of receipt fOl' All applications must be signed and are subject 10 acceptance. Please allow si~ 10 eight weeks for delivery. Sh ipment to the u.s. image and an outer band of 23K gold a full refund. and its territories only. . adds a final touch of elegance. As an important "first," demand for • Florida residen ts a'dd $1.43 per plate sa les lax. The inspired combination of Japa­ "Chrysanthemum" is likely to be heavy llIinois residents add $2.00 per plate Slate and IDeal tax. nese cloisonne, lusterware and fine among plate collectors and Japanese art The Hamilton Collection porcelain makes "Chrysanthemum" one enthusiasts as well. Thus, to avoid dis­ 9550 Regency Square Boulevard, P.o. Box 44051 of the most striking collector plates evel' appointment, send in yoU!' order today. Jacksonville, FL 32231

HB~EG fit the Washington Cathedral

TEXT BY JEANNE SHO]AAT PHOTOGRAPHY BY ALEXANDRA K. SCOTT

ake one herb garden, redesign it, A.D. However, over the years, various herbs move the old herbs to another space, had been added to the Hortulus with little L and voila-you have two gardens. regard for their historical authenticity. Ca­ That's what happened in the Bishop'S Gar­ thedral horticulturist Peter McLachlan den at the Washington Cathedral, a sunny, thought that the garden was getting " too walled refuge in Washington, D.C., filled mixed up," and decided to redesign it to with boxwood, roses and a multitude of reflect the plantings of a typical medicinal onher plants. and fragrance garden during the Carolin­ It aU began with plans to redesign the gian period. Hortulus, or " little garden," a small square Before replanting the Hortulus, it was of herbs surrounding a baptismal font that necessary to do some historical research. dates back nearly to the time of Charle­ The arduous task of digging into the me­ magne. The stone font, which was origi­ dieval past fell to Suzanne Miller, Assistant nally used at the Abbey St. Julie on the Garden Chairman of the All Hallows Guild River Aisne in France, was carved in about when the garden was being planned. 835 A.D. Since the font was the garden's Miller's research revealed that "hortu­ focal point, the Hortulus had originally Ius" is the Latin word for a small garden. been designed to include only those plants A typical hortulus is described in a poem known to be gFOwn in the ninth century written in 849 A.D. by Walafrid Strabo, a Benedictine monk who was once Abbot LEFT: The stone baptismal font in the Hortll­ of Reichenau Abbey. In his poem, origi­ Ius or "little garden" at the Washington Ca­ nally entitled Liber de Cultura Hortorum thedral was originally carved in 835 A.D. ABOVE: Boxwood hedges and brick walks (The Cultivation of Gardens) but later called S(!!t off the new triangular herb gaFden at the HGrtulus, Strabo described the making of Cathedral. his garden-the laying out, digging, ma-

American Horticulturist 17 nuring and planting-and the plants that alibus) that listed plants to be grown in herb and vegetable gardens with rectan­ he grew from seeds, roots and cuttings. He Charlemagne's own royal gardens; and The gular beds," she said. "Strabo writes of referred to his hortulus in th~ section of Plan of St. Gall, drawn in about 820 A.D. facing his patch with boards and faising the poem entitled "Catrnint" (Nepeta): on parchment, which mapped out a Bene­ it in oblong beds a little above the ground. "Among the herbs my garden is always dictine monastic community. In his poem, We have raised beds in the Hortulus with renewing / The sprigs of catmint grow as Strabo mentions sage, rue, lad's love or stone edgings." The beds in the Cathe­ brisk as any. / Its leaves are like the nettle's, southernwood (Artemisia abrotanum), dral's Hortulus are curved, and the plants but the scent it casts / So lavishly round gourds, melons, wormwood, horehound, are mixed in the beds. "It is the plant ma­ its tall head is passing sweet." fennel, iris, lovage, chervil, lily, opium terial that makes the Hortulus a Carolin­ Medieval gardeners who tended small poppy, clary, mint, pennyroyal and celery, gian garden," explained Miller. kitchen or courtyarQ plots in Europe di­ as well as betony, agrimony, tansy, cat­ " Of the 24 plants Strabo describes as vided vegetables into two categories: leg­ mint, radish and rose. Charlemagne lists growing, I included 18 when we planted umes (legumina) and roots. Legumes in­ (among others) onions, garlic, leeks, shal­ the garden," she continued. "We planted cluded field crops such as beans, peas and lots, parsley, coriander, dill, lettuce, sa­ 29 varieties, and the other 11 came from edible herbs. Roots included such vege­ vory, parsnips, cabbage, beets and corn the two other Carolingian lists: the tables as leeks, onions, carrots and garlic. cockles (Agrostemma githago). The Plan Capitulare de Villis Imperialibus and The Everyone, from peasants to bishops and of St. Gall shows an ideal monastery drawn Plan of St. Gall. Of th~ 33 plants in the kings, had plots near the house; these ga,­ to scale. In addition to the church, monks' gardens of St. Gall, 19 are in the Cathe­ dens provided the two types of vegetables. and abbot's quarters, guest houses, kitch­ dral's Hortulus." Research led Mrs. Miller to three sources ens, infirmary, workshops and animal It wasn't easy to find a few of the plants for lists of plants used in the Carolinian buildings, the plan includes several gar­ on the three lists. Some of the original plants (742-814 A.D.) and Carolingian (751-987 dens and an orchard/cemetery. It also shows are considered weeds today, according to A.D.) periods: Strabo's poem; edicts issued both a vegetable and an herb garden, with Peter McLachlan, a Scotsman who has been in 812 A.D. (Ca pitulare de Villis Imperi- separate beds and the name of a plant on caring for the Cathedral's 52-acre grounds each bed; a total of 33 plants are listed in for the past 23 years. For example, he had ABOVE: A variety of herbs, which once were the two gardens. difficulty finding Chrysanthemum par­ planted in the Hortulus, surround a sundial When it was time to layout the beds in thenium, or feverfew. fashioned from a thirteenth-century Gothic The Carolingian garden in Washington, capital. RIGHT: The purple flowers of bee the Washington Cathedral's Hortulus, balm brighten the newly created herb garden Miller consulted both The Plan of St. Gall D.C., is square, with four outer beds en­ at the Cathedral. and Strabo. "The Plan shows rectangular closing a circular walk around tbe inner

18 August 1986 beds, which in turn circle the font. The a delightful plot covered with blue flowers copper fennel (Foeniculum sp.) that outer beds include old-fashioned tansy, for a few weeks in the spring. Unfortu­ McLachlan says is difficult to find these southernwood, catmint, feverfew, hore­ nately, it was also choked with wild onions days. hound, lovage, betony, costmary, worm­ and was uninteresting for the rest of the At the end of the triangle, standing where wood, parsley and chicory. Fifty madonna season. Cathedral gardeners had to spend it has been for years, is a sundial made lilies, as well as lamb's-ears, coriander, dill, one day a week weeding the garden- a from the head of a thirteenth-century Gothic tarragon, chervil, chives, garlic, fennel, or­ poor use of their time, for they were re­ pillar. The gray-greens, yellow-greens, ris root (Iris x germanica var. florentina) sponsible for the upkeep of the entire 52- purple-greens and solid greens of the dif­ and summer savory, also ring the path. acre Cathedral grounds. McLachlan de­ ferent herbs in the garden contrast delight­ Arranged in four crescents next to the cided this troublesome spot would be the fully, as do the varying textures of leaves font, the inner garden is a combination of perfect place for a new garden, as the herbs and the assorted heights of the plants. When varying shades of green and differing tex­ would be easier to manage than the vinca the herb triangle is in bloom, the red, pur­ tures. The herbs include rue, rosemary, and the wild onions. ple, yellow and blue flowers illuminate the feverfew and sage. McLachlan has also First, the gardeners killed off all the per­ garden in the summer sun. planted an annual species of Nigel/a, or ennial weeds in the triangle, leaving only Unlike the nearby Hortulus, which has fennel flower. He would rather have planted a large rosemary plant that had grown there a strict design, the new herb garden has N. sativa, commonly called black cumin for 40 years. Then they planted herbs: more no special design. Tall plants are generally or Roman coriander, but it is hard to find­ rosemary plants (Rosmarinus officinalis); found in the middle of thfl triangle, while in fact, he is still looking. "The original artemisias, including dusty-miller, worm­ lower and spreading herbs are at the edges. garden had no meaning," said McLachlan. wood and southernwood; English thyme; McLachlan believes the new garden is "Now it is an authentic planting that would winter savory; four types of lavenders; and much more interesting now. He is trying please the monk Strabo and Charlemagne, comfrey. Visitors to the Cathedral's tri­ to devise a labeling system so that visitors too." angular garden will also find santolinas­ can identify the many herbs as they stroll When the Hortulus was redesigned, many gray-foliaged Santolina chamaecyparissus around the triangular garden, getting ideas herbs had to be removed. Fortunately, there and green-foliaged S. virens 'Pretty Car­ for their own gardens, or just watching the was a semi-trianguJar garden nearby that roll'-as well as dill, lemon thyme, golden shadows on the sundial and the bees hov­ could serve as a suitable home for the sur­ sage, bergamot, dwarf sage, rue, French ering over bergamot and thyme flowers.6 plus plants. The triangle, filled with vinca thyme, tansy, woodruff and lovage. There as a ground cover and underplanted with is also a classic hybrid tea rose, 'Peace', Jeanne Shojaat is a gardener, free-lance writer purple-blue-flowered grape hyacinths, was planted years ago, and a rare perennial and phomgrapher living in Washington, D.C.

American Horticulturist 19 TEXT & PHOTOGRAPHY BY PAMELA HARPER

he hand of a pl antsman and artist is immedi ately apparent as you pull Tup outside the Meyers' Ohio house. In the corners where the fro nt path meets the sidewalk, great blue-green leaves of Hosta sieboldiana ri se up over a ca rpet of dark green creeping euonym us (Euony­ mus fortunei va r. radicans) , p roviding contrast in color and form. There isn't a fro nt fence or hedge, and the white stucco house is visibl e from the road. Instead of the customary open sweep of grass, the house is tucked away behind a large informal pool-a watery " island bed" that measures approximately 40 fee t by 25 fee t. When the Meyers bought the property, a ravine ran across what was to become the front garden. The area was filled in except for the lowest part, where a stream had run, which was left to form the pool. Although the pool fill ed-and remains filled-by natural drainage of the land, it dried out at first and had to be lin ed with concrete. Across one end of the pool is a bridge leading to the house. Flat-topped wooden rail s provide a resting pl ace fo r the elbows, creating the perfect pl ace to pause in the cool shade of ash and hi ckory trees. Here, the visitor can enj oy the tropical water lilies fl oating on pell uci d water clea r enough to reveal the goldfish swimming ju st below the surface . O ri gin all y, there were a couple dozen goldfish in the pool; now there are 200 to 300. At first, the pool was cleaned out occasionall y by a septic tank service, but the task of rounding up the goldfish became too great, so the pool hasn't bee n cleaned now for six or seven yea rs. It seems to have fo und a natural balance; mosqui­ toes aren't a problem, because the gold fish eat the larvae. The pool still leaks a bit, but Meyer has turned this problem to advantage by rim­ ming the pool with moisture-l oving plants. Between these and the island beds of pl ants TOP: Tropical waterl ilies decorate a water garden surrounded by large-leaved hostas at the Meyer's O hio garden. ABOVE: Cobblestones, astilbes, Hosta ' Royal Standard' and a si mple runs a bark mulch path. " I love paths," wooden bench share an island bed wi th a sculpture of a gazell e'S head, whi ch was created from Dick Meyers says, and there are many in a steel I-beam. RIGHT: Japanese pai nted fern complements a replica of Tete de Femme, by the garden. Two kinds of hostas are massed Modigli ani .

20 August 1986

on the pool's edge: a gray-green form of bright green grass. The original lawn be­ it " looks like a forest of tiny conifers." H. fortunei, with quantities of pale violet came infested with an invasive grass called The yellow flowers are tiny, but they are flowers that appear in July; and the bright­ nimblewill, a well-known scourge in the a great attraction for bees. The gray color er green leaves of ' Royal Standard', which area. Weed killers cannot get rid of it with­ of the foliage is a wonderful harmonizer. bears its almost-white, fragrant flowers in out also killing the lawn, so the old sod Meyer is particularly pleased with a com­ late summer. There are also Japanese irises was removed and a fresh start made. When bination of the orostachys with Japanese and the big, rounded and scalloped leaves the earth lay bare, Meyer so admired the bloodgrass, lmperata cylindrica 'Rubra', of umbrella plant (Pe ltiphyllum peltatum), contrast between the brown earth and the a striking two-foot-tall grass with blades which is native to the West Coast and eas­ growing plants it) the island beds that he of ruby-red. After flowering, the orosta­ ily grown in moist soil; its starry pink flow­ toyed with the notion of forgoing a lawn chys looks a bit untidy, so Meyer trims off ers appear in early spring, growing in in favor of a redwood-chip mulch-an idea the flowering stems with shears. Unfor­ clusters the shape of inverted saucers on abandoned when he realized that wood tunately, the stems can't be pulled off with­ two- to three-foot stalks. From the slight chips float in heavy rain and would prob­ out uprooting the plants, but if they are elevation of the bridge, visitors can see the ably end up in the pond. still present in the spring, they can be gently bright pink flowers of Phlox 'Dodo Han­ This is a wooded lot-there is ash, oak, removed with a broom rake. bury Forbes' reflected in the water of the alder, beech and sycamore-so there is an In one island bed sits a cockerel weather pool. ample supply of shade. Plants that do well vane. Because weather vanes are custom­ Basking on a rock beside the pool­ in the shadiest beds include Lenten rose arily placed on a roof, the element of sur­ looking for all the world like an adver­ (Helleborus orientalis), Thalictrum, prim­ prise adds to its impact here on the ground. tisement for a save-the-seals campaign­ roses, ferns and hostas. One of the best Weather vanes come in an infinite variety, is a sculpted white baby seal. Combining plants for dry shade is Epimedium, of which and Meyer tosses out, free for the taking, plants and sculpture is by no means a new there are 10 kinds in this garden; the flow­ the idea of a whole garden devoted to dis­ idea, but the Meyers' Ohio garden made ers are white, yellow, pink or orange. Day­ playing this art form. me wonder if we look too much to the past lilies, which did poorly in the shade, are On the July day of my first visit, the and the classical tradition for garden now grown in the sunnier beds. most striking piece of sculpture in the gar­ sculpture. This is the first private garden In one long, island bed there is a mat­ den was a terra cotta boy and girl by a I have ever seen that serves as a showcase forming succulent plant known to rock well-known Ohio sculptor, Anne Entis. This for the work of talented modern artists. gardeners as Orostachys iwarenge. Here it figure is striking not only in itself, but also My first visit wasn't nearly long enough. is used in quantity as an edging plant that for the artistry with which it is combined I would probably never have left the rest­ follows the front curve of the border. This with plants in a circular bed under a wal­ fulness of the pool had a friend not said, ribbon of blue-gray provides visual con­ nut tree-yes, a walnut tree. The front of "You can't miss this," and led me away. tinuity that binds the border together. Meyer the bed is edged with lava rock of mingled As we traversed a path of round millstones waxes poetic when describing the plant's gray and terra cotta coloring. Between these of varied size, placed with the seemingly changing appearance at different times of rocks and the sculpture is a sweep of random artistry usually associated with year: when wet with dew or rain, it "spar­ Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola', an excep­ Japanese design, we discovered two black­ kles more brightly than diamonds"; when tionally beautiful grass with low-arching and-white sculpted penguins strutting it puts up its myriad small, flowering spikes, blades of creamy yellow streaked with green among hostas, ferns and late-summer­ flowering hardy begonias (B. grandis, for­ merly B. evansiana). Whether or not the gardener finds time to sit on them, seats are among the most satisfying of garden features. In a quiet corner above the millstone path, a bench stands on a carpet of bark mulch, sur­ rounded by spring-flowering shrubs, ground covers and wildflowers such as Solomon's­ seal (Polygonatum), foamflower (Tiarella) and jeffersonia . In spring, a carpet of Vir­ ginia bluebells (Mertensia) appears; the leaves eventually become untidy, and Meyer has found that he can cut them away long before they wither completely, without damaging the plants, which multiply rap­ idly. On the summer day of my first visit, Meyer's art training was apparent in the placement of a container of impatiens-a bright splash of red in an otherwise se­ renely green area. The sculpture displayed in this secluded nook is a replica of Tete de Femme, a long-necked Modigliani. ABOVE: A terra cotta boy and girl by Ohio sculptor Anne Entis are su rrounded by ornamental At the back of the house are borders and grasses (Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola'), hostas and maroon-leaved coleus. RIGHT: Two stone­ island beds of perennials, punctuated by ware raccoons perch on a featherstone boulder surrounded by Matteuccia pensylvanica and flowering shrubs and conifers set among Dryopteris cristata.

22 August 1986 and pink. To one side is a large patch of like a jigsaw, just like Mother Nature had penguins, a re among Meyer's favorites. coleus, with velvety leaves of a dark red­ done the job herself by the freezing and " Could I afford them?" I wondered aloud. dish-plum, a color repeated in the pink th awing method." He warns that you can't The cost is less prohibitive than I would veins of the gray-fronded Japanese painted get this natural effect by trying to assemble have expected; small pieces of Seymour's fern (Athyrium goeringianum ' Pi ctum', a lo t of unrelated stones: "They just don't work ca n be bought for under $100, among formerly A. nipponicum 'Pictum'). Meyer look right." th em songbirds, a chipmunk, an owl, a sea says he has seen lists of plants that won't Under a syca more tree stands a simple gull and a baby ra ccoon. grow under walnut trees, but he has never wooden semi-circular bench, which fol­ The Meyers have lived here for 37 years. seen a list of those that will. Other plants lows the trunk contours and stands on a There have been-and will continue to be­ that have grown successfully under th e half-moon of cobbled paving. The cobbles, many changes. Dick Meyer advises new walnut tree include Thalictrum, many kinds called Sunburst, were bought from local gardeners no t to "try to do it all at once." of fern, Begonia grandis, Tiarella, hostas, stone merchants and are used to giv e a He began with the foundation plantings, Polemonium and annual begonias. change of texture. On one side of the seat, relying on nurseries for guidance. " It was Across the lawn, in another island bor­ clumps of hosta a nd astilbe-excell ent boring," he says, and later the plants were der, the yellow of the Hakonech loa is re­ companions for textural contrast-grow changed to include dwarf conifers, which peated in the bold, yellow-edged leaves of in the paving. On the other si de, on a mill ­ were one of hi s earliest gardening passions. Hosta 'Frances Williams'. In the Meyers' stone plinth, stands a gazelle'S head. Sculp­ When I asked him to name a few specific garden, aesthetics and practicality go hand tured from a steel I-beam, it is one of a favorites, he merely said, " To paraphrase in hand-as they must for success in this limited edition of five by Albert Wilson. Will Rogers, I never met a dwarf conifer most exacting of art forms. In a single night On a winter's day, the gazelle'S delicate I didn't like. " of busy chomping, slugs can ruin the beauty curving antlers create a dark si lhouette Privacy is important to the Meyers, so of hosta leaves. When slug pellets failed to against the snow and match the outline of the second step was to fence the rea r of prevent his hostas from being damaged, the shadows of small tree branches-a stark the property. Although they were told that Meyer tracked down Slugit, a liquid slug but lovely composition in black and white. solid fences mo re than three feet high vi­ killer made in England. Spraying this so­ After lingering at each fresh composi­ olated the building code, they went ahead lution on the leaves has kept the slugs well tion, I nearly missed the one that, for me, and installed a fence anyway, pleading that under control. remains the most memorable. Tall, feath­ cypress stockade fencing isn 't solid! On the edge of one island bed is a plant­ ery ferns (Matteuccia pensylvanica and " When you do something, do it thor­ ing that always attracts the attention of Dryopteris cristata) rise up behind and flow oughly," says Dick Meyer, who attributes visitors. Sempervivums, sedums and other around a large featherstone boulder. On many gardening failures to inadequate rock plants that prefer fast drainage fill the boulder stand two bl ack-masked rac­ preparation. He dug all the beds deeply, the crevices of broken rock as if nature coons, sculpted in stoneware by John Sey­ and added perlite and peat moss to make had put them there. To achieve this natural mour. They look so right for this time and the clay soil more porous and less alkaline. look, Meyer takes pieces of lava rock ap­ place, and much more appropriate than He uses sulfur for plants that are most in proximately two feet by 11/2 feet in size, the commonplace classical urn or concrete need of acid soil (rhododendrons, for ex­ buries them halfway into the soil, then takes cherub made trite by overuse. Seymour's ample) and adds superphosphate to every a sledgehammer and breaks them into three sculptures of birds and animals, including planting mix. Perlite is expensive when used or four chunks: "The pieces all fit together the seal pup by the pool and the strutting Continued on page 33

American Horticulturist 23 BY FREDERICK MCGOURTY

ne candle-lit evening a doze n years ture was frequently made easier, too, be­ In most gardens, there are a few sound ago, my bride-to-be enticed me with cause many of the basic herbs have similar reasons for incorporating herbs where they Omy first pesto, that ethereal sauce growth requirements. will best fit in aesthetically, rather than combining fresh basil leaves and garlic. It having them isolated in a single area. Most was love at first bite, and I wondered where A Pickle Among Dills gardens today aren 't large enough for spe­ this delicious and versatile concoction­ Even today, a good case can be made for cialized plantings. Also, although the care­ equally at home on top of spaghetti or in keeping herbs intended for culinary use fully designed herb garden is a joy to see soup-had been all my life. Certainly not separate from plants grown exclusively for in May and June, it usually becomes un­ in the staid Italian restaurants of my youth. ornamental purposes-if the latter are going kempt by midsummer unless many of the Admittedly, I had a protected childhood; to need spraying. More than once I have rank-growing sorts-and there are many­ the principal culinary work in our home inadvertently showered the feathery leaves have been cropped almost to the ground. was the 1943 edition of Irma Rombauer's of dill with a systemic fungicide meant for Of course, until lush new growth reap­ Joy of Cooking, which didn't mention pesto summer phlox, which gets mildew as read­ pears, this kind of drastic pruning leaves at all and included just a couple of fleeting ily as a dog gets fleas. (Systemic, it should gaping holes, which are all the more con­ references to garlic. In those days, ga rlic be remembered, refers to poison taken up spicuous if a number of wayward herbs wasn't often used west of the Hudson River, within the plant.) Since I don't like dill, are planted together. except in bad jokes. my wife accused me of absent-mindedness Some traditional herbs are first-rate or­ That was the era of creamed vegetables, the first time, and of sabotage the second. namental plants, and it seems a shame to chicken a la king and chipped beef, not to I lamely replied that one can be absent­ restrict them to a little corner of the garden mention casseroles. The only basil that was minded twice. instead of casting them into the main­ known to M ain Street Americans had the Ever since then, Mary Ann has grown stream, as is usually done in England. Once, last name of Rathbone. dill only in the vegetable garden, where no when designing a perennial border for a Basil, garlic, tarragon and a host of other systemic pesticides are used, and we re­ client, I mentioned that I planned to work herbs have come a long way since the serve the ornamental bronze- leaved fennel in some sage and lavender because of the 1940's, and the herb garden itself is no (Foeniculum vulgare 'Atropurpureum') for buffering effect their cool gray or gray­ longer the preserve of slightly dotty, gen­ spots in the perennial border where a gos­ green foliage has on other plants. I was erally harmless old women whose closets samer effect is desired. The height of this taken aback by my client's reaction: " But smell of lavender sachets. Even Joy of anise-scented herb is about four feet. Plants they are herbs, and I want a perennial bor­ Cooking has been liberated, and revised are short-lived perennials, but usually self­ der." I was tempted to inquire whether she editions by Marion Rombauer Becker and sow, sometimes to the point of being pesty wanted a ghetto or a garden, but temper­ Irma Rombauer recognize pesto. Culinary in mild climates. They consort well with ance prevailed, and gray-leaved artemisias herbs have come into the mainstream as the cherry-red, summer-flowering Phlox were substituted. The fact that artemisias our diets and tastes have changed. As a paniculata 'Starfire' or the white-flowered are considered herbs in the conventional result, American cooking is much more cultivars such as 'Mt. Fuji' o r the Septem­ sense, or indeed that most herbs are per­ imaginative than it used to be, and the sale ber-blooming 'World Peace'. F. vulgare ennials, was lost upon her, but I do hope of herb pl ants has boomed. 'Atropurpureum' mingles nicely with taller she is enjoying her perennial border. Herbs always used to be grown together sorts of silver-leaved perennials, too, in­ in one section of the garden, and herb gar­ cluding Artemisia ludoviciana and its kin, A Kitchen Border dening evolv ed somewhat separately from 'S ilver Queen' and 'Silver King'. Fennel Mary Ann and I like to grow a wide range other kinds of gardening. Indeed, there was leaves have an anise taste that Mary Ann of plants and have no formal herb garden a special lore associated with herbs, and doesn't like, so no part of th e plant ever there was comfort in having the traditional reaches our kitchen table, spraying or no Laurus nobilis, commonly called bay laurel, is plants bound together in tidy rectangles of spraying. The art of gardening has a lot to a useful and attractive herb that can be con­ dwarf boxwood and lavender. Plant cul- do with marital compromise. tainer grown in areas where it is not hardy.

24 August 1986

as such . Near our kitchen door, however, of a small back porch--one that is just English boxwood, which we avoided be­ a small border does include a mixture of large enough for two deck chairs, a grill, cause its brittle branches break easily in kitchen herbs and a few ornamental sorts four cats or one Labrador retriever, and heavy snows; and a hybrid yew, which has that haven't been used much lately, such an inordinate number of potted plants. The been kept sheared to three feet high and as lady's-mantle (Alchemilla mollis), which border is six feet wide at its broadest point eight feet wide, and protects some of our alchemists employed in the Middle Ages. and is bounded by lawn on one side, and herbs from the hot afternoon sun. This species grows a foot tall and tolerates on the other, by a fieldstone path so we Sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata), a stout­ dry shade better than most plants do. It can weed in the back of the border without growing herb with finely cut, light green has handsome, blocky, gray-green foliage stepping into it any more than necessary. foliage like that of the lady fern, grows with pronounced lobes, and water has a (Most plants, including herbs, grow best here and there among the shrubs, softening way of forming glistening, almost silvery in fairly loose earth that roots can pene­ the somber green foliage of the yews and beads on the leaves after a rain or a dewy trate readily, and they falter in soil that is providing a lacy contra-s t to the holly. This night. The chartreuse flowers, which ap­ compacted by human feet.) B

26 August 1986 in summer, we frequently cur stalks back border, I prefer the garli c chive (A llium sharply in late June. Plants grow three to tuberosum), which has strap-like leaves Curley Parsley four feet tall and are vigorous enough to (easier to harves t and prepare), grows to One of the handsomest edgin g plants for emerge through pachysandra. 2 '/2 fee t in height, and bears three-inch­ a bo rder is parsley (Petroselinum crispum), wide clusters of white, star-shaped flowers at least the cu rl y- leaved sort that one sees Alliums for All in late summer, when bloom in many ga r­ today. It is refined and goes well with prac­ Times change, and the ubiquitous sour­ dens is sparse. T he taste of th e chopped ti call y everything in the garden, as it does cream-and-chives topping for baked po­ foliage is more pungent than that of com­ in the kitchen. Pa rsley is a biennial; the tatoes 20 yea rs ago has become, in our mon chi ves, but I have never tho ught of it slow and erratic germination of its seeds cholesterol-conscious era, yogurt a nd as garli cky, despite the commo n na me. led to the old saying that parsley seeds go chi ves. Chi ves are eternal in the garden of Kitchen chi ves are for relatively subtle nine times to the dev il and back before any good alliumphile, and they can even dishes, while garlic chi ves are better suited coming up, and he keeps some of them. overcome yogurt. The principal culinary to Braunschweiger a nd pumpernickel Instead of growing parsley from seed, we species is Allium schoenoprasum, whi ch sandwiches. buy young plants in spring and set them makes a hummock of rounded, but oth­ Su itable garden compani ons for ga rli c six in ches apart in the front of a border. erwise grass-like leaves and bears dainty chi ves in a sunny spot include pink turtle­ Sprigs are avail able for pi cking all summer, fl ower clusters that run the gamut from head (Che{one obliqua), Physostegia 'Bou­ and in autumn, we pot several pl ants to lavender to pink in Mayor June-quite a quet Rose' and Japanese anemones, all of grow during the winter in the kitchen. pleasant sight with blue o r white colum­ which are in th e three-to-four-foot ca te­ Parsley does not transplant well, so we pot bine. This is the ideal cut-and-come-again gory. Another potential mate is 'The Fairy' a couple more plants th an are actually crop, since a few leaves here and th ere ca n rose, with its abundant, small , pink flow­ needed. Once adapted to the house, they be taken for a salad or, even more drastic, ers. You mi ght try some low-growin g blue put up with subdued li ght and low tem­ th e pl ant may be given a crew cut if a lot plumbago (Ceratostigma plumbaginoides) peratures, but they need to be watered more are needed. The foliage grows back in sev­ in the foreground. Bear in mind that garli c often than most plants. They usuall y stag­ eral days. If you forget to buy oni ons at chi ves can also soften the brassiness of late­ ger through to March unless the whitefli es the market, yo u can always substitute the summer ye ll ow composites such as rud­ get the best of them. somewhat milder-fl avored chi ves. Just two beckias and heleni ums. We sometimes let parsley overwinter in or three plants a re ample for most families. Allium senescens has no common name, the garden. In spring, these second-year It is best to avoid using chi ves as an altho ugh it is grown under a number of plants produce a flu sh of new foliage for edging for a border surrounded by grass. other botanical names not currently rec­ a month o r two, but then fl ower and die . The foliage is too similar, and inev itably, ogni zed by botanists. This is another spe­ To avoid ga ps, parsley is therefore best the grass will sneak into the clumps when cies of chi ve that combin es utili ty with at­ treated as an annual. your back is turned. Instead, I would sug­ tracti ve ness. Because it is nati ve over a ve ry In ancient times, parsley was associated ges t putting a few plants of Veronica in­ wide range (from Europe to the Pacific), with death, and victors at funeral games can a in front. This species' low, gray fo­ the ga rdener mi ght expect this species to in Greece were given wreaths made from li age sets off chi ves well, and its spikes of be variable, and indeed it is. O ne common it. Later, the phrase " to be in the parsley" blue fl owers, which grow to about 10 inches ga rden sort has fl attened, gree n leaves with was used in reference to so meone on the tall, complement the chi ves ' bloom. a pronounced twist; its pink fl owers have deathbed. The term "Welsh parsley" meant Allium is, of course, the generi c name a lavender tinge and are bo rne in flat clus­ the ga ll ows. for onion, and there are 400 or so species ters on top of 18- to 24-inch stalks. Blooms Parsley happens to be of Mediterranean growing wild somewhere in the world, a appear in midsummer. Although not an ori gin , but it is not at home in the parched fact that I enjoy contemplating. Oddly exciting plant in itself, it complements pur­ surroundings o ne associates with that re­ enough, the common onion (A llium cepa) pl e coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) well, gion. Pl ants grow best in garden soil to is of garden o ri gin and is not known in softening that perennial's raspiness when which compost or p eat moss has been nature, but I will hardly discriminate against it is used in quantity. added. The site need not be in full sun, it for that reason. Many of the alliums are The twisted chive, Allium senescens var. and if the soil is not moisture-retentive, fine ornamental pl ants if the spent fl ower glaucum, a Far Eastern variety of A. se­ plants should receive light afternoon clusters are removed and not allowed to nescens, is a lovely end-of-summer bloomer. shade. set seeds, which often have a hi gher fer­ It is only six or seven inches tall when the Bear in mind that parsley's foliage lends tility rate than rabbits. Some alliums, it rosy-pink flowers open in August. The gray­ a fresh spring-green color to the garden must be admitted, are weeds, and the world green leaves are sickle-shaped and, when until December, even in a very cold cli­ cannot eat enough of them to keep the new growth begins in spring, are arranged mate. A prolonged garden scene can be upper hand. A certain number of alliums, horizontally in a characteristic circle. To produced by grouping parsley with lamb's­ including shallots, leeks and garlic, elevate be truthful, the foliage is so nice I haven't ears (S tachys byzantina), Lamium macu­ cooking from the mere preparatio n of fo od had the heart to pluck it for salads. Twisted latum 'Beacon Silver', Lamiastrum 'Ber­ to the status of an art. chives look well in a raised bed, especially man's Pride', Pulmonaria 'Mrs. Moon', Traditional chives (A. schoenoprasum) if they are allowed to mingle with the com­ Salvia officinalis or Lavandula angusti­ are of modest garden merit unless one is mon annual edging plant, sweet alyssum folia, all of which have long-lasting, silvery lucky enough to have a form with either (Lobularia maritima 'Carpet of Snow'). or gray-green leaves. Parsley also looks well clear pink flowers or blossoms that are They are also attractive in small groups with the reddish, late-season foliage tints borne well above the foliage tufts. In the toward the front of the border. As with of coral bell s (Heuchera), Bergenia o r Epi­ other alliums, the site should be sunny and medium x rubrum. You can even eat it if Mentha X gentiiis 'Variegata' has striking, the soil well drained. However, these are it gets to be a bore, although most people brightly striped foliage. not fussy plants. are happy just toying with it on the plate.

American Horticulturist 27 injury. Orange mint (M. x piperita var. This choice may be just as well, for the Mints citrata) is esteemed more highly by some common kitchen basil is a rather nonde­ The mints are not very good garden plants menthologists. For gardening beauty, per­ script plant, and the pretense of ornament because they spread so rapidly under­ haps the nod should go to the variegated can be dropped altogether within the row ground, but it is nice to have a patch or ginger mint (M. x gentilis 'Vari egata'), system of the vegetable garden. It is more two near the kitchen door if friends drop which has yellow and green leaves that appropriate to save the space in the kitchen in unexpectedly for dolmas or juleps. Pep­ bring a welcome brightness to a dark cor­ herb border for bush basil (Ocimum basili­ permint and spearmint fend for themselves ner. This cultivar has extremely invasive cum 'Minimum'), which is tidier, or better quite well on poor sites and are thoroughly roots and surely deserves solitary confine­ still, for 'Dark Opal', a maroon-leaved seed at home in light shade. Ideally, they should ment. Variegated ginger mint grows about strain of common or sweet basil that was be planted to one side, out of the garden, 15 inches tall; the others range from two developed some years ago at the University and kept honest by the blade of a lawn to three feet in height. If a tiny, prostrate of Connecticut. Rue (Ruta graveolens), mower. Running water nearby makes them sort is desired between steppingstones try whose lacy but bitter, gray foliage is sel­ really romp, but such a rare site should be growing Corsican mint (Mentha re­ dom used in the kitchen anymore, makes reserved for watercress. quienii). This species resembles mother-of­ a fine background for 'Dark Opal'. From In the garden, mints are thugs, and they thyme but has a strong mentholated odor. a distance, the combination of their foliage should be fully recognized as such before In winter in northern regions, it is short­ gives a flowering effect all season long. they abuse the rights of fellow herbs with lived, so one or two plants are best kept However, rue's foliage can present a prob­ less invasive root systems. The solution, of in a cold frame during the cold months. lem to the gardener, as Noted many years course, is confinement-in a bucket sunk ago by Dioscorides; " If anyone rubs his in the soil , with the rim slightly above Basil Face with the hand that gathered it, it will ground level, for they will try hard to es­ Basil (Ocimum basilicum) has been asso­ immediately raise a violent Inflamma­ cape. Old plastic wash buckets work well. ciated with the Mediterranean region since tion." On a hot day, some gardeners may Brown buckets, which blend with the sur­ ancient times. This annual herb is, in fact, indeed develop a bad rash from touching roundings, are preferable to kelly green native to the tropical parts of India, where rue. ones. Poke a few holes in the bottom of it is considered sacred. (The name basil An annual, basil is grown yearly from the bucket with an ice pick to allow for means kingly or royal.) The plant made its seed. Although the seed is easy to germi­ drainage. Every two years it will be nec­ way to Greece via the earliest routes of nate, seedlings are subject to rot if over­ essary to take up the mint and set it back trade, and Greeks and Romans thought of watered, and many gardeners elect to buy again in replenished soil, but this proce­ it in sinister terms. Keats' tale of Isabella, young plants from garden centers after the dure is preferable to pulling the strands of inspired by Boccaccio, recounts how she danger of frost has passed. In the border, its invading roots from choked plants preserved her murdered lover's head in a basil performs best during hot summers. nearby every year. pot of basil, watering the plant with her Common basil grows about 18 inches in For kitchen use, I am fondest of apple tears. I figure the skull must have been a height; 'Dark Opal' is usually under 15 mint (Mentha suaveolens, formerly M. ro­ slow-release fertilizer of sorts, providing inches tall. Rue, a perennial, is apt to be tundifolia), whose rounded, inch-wide, phosphorus for the healthy growth of the short-lived in colder parts of New Eng­ hairy leaves are easy to pick and are ex­ basil. land, especially if winter drainage is poor. cellent for iced tea. A variegated cultivar Basil doesn't need a very rich soil. Pesto Young plants are usually available from called pineapple mint (M. suaveolens 'Var­ addicts usually choose to grow basil in the garden centers in spring. Both common iegata') appeals to some; to others, its vegetable garden because of the prodigious basil and 'Dark Opal' enjoy full sun. cream-and-green leaves suggest herbicide amounts of foliage needed for their sauce. Sage, Bay and Rosemary Kitchen sage (Sa lvia officinalis) needs the same growing conditions as 'Dark Opal' basil and rue, and thus makes a good com­ panion for these plants. The typical kind has gray-green leaves of respectable sub­ stance and is more versatile in the garden than in the kitchen (though a New England sausage-maker or a British duck-stuffer might disagree). This low-growing Medi­ terranean shrub is a straight man-not striking in its own right, but an excellent complement to those plants with maroon foliage, or with pink or lavender flowers. Kitchen sage is quite variable. To me, the most attractive cultivar is S. officinalis 'Purpurascens', whose new leaves are tinged with purple. It makes a sumptuous tub

LEFT: Lamb's ears (Stachys byzantina) and parsley make a very pleasing garden combina­ tion. RIGHT: An especially attractive cultivar of kitchen sage, Salvia officinalis 'Purpura­ scens', combined with Lavandula angustifolia.

28 August 1986 pl ant and goes well with compani ons that surge came fro m th e base in spring. In mild out the best in gray-leaved pl ants or plants have subdued pink fl owers. I am fo ndes t cl im ates, laurel is o ften trained in to a si ngle with gold or white va riegation, especiall y of it with purple sweet alyss um (Lobularia stem, with th e top cl ipped in to a fo rmal th e sil ve r-leaved thymes. The leaves are 'Royal Carpet'). globe. Rosemary thrives best in th e dry, intensely aromati c, and just one or two are Like many pungent herbs, sage was orig­ alkalin e soil s of the So uth west, where it suffi cient fo r fl avoring a stew. in all y used fo r medi cinal purposes. (T he sometimes makes a fin e, loose, eight-foot­ Rosemary means dew of the sea, an al­ bo tani cal name for the genus Salvia comes tall hedge. The branches take on consid­ lusion to th e pl ant's home on the sho res fr o m the Latin saLveo, meaning " to be erable character with age, and pl ants lend of the Mediterranean. It is the herb of re­ well. " ) It was associated with immortality, themselves well to bonsai treatment, o r at membrance as well as of love, death and and was also beli eved to have teeth -cl ean­ least to some pruning fo r special effect. eternity. In the ga rden, rosemary is accus­ ing and gum-strengthening properties. One Small leaves and good blue fl owers add to to med to a hot, dry spot once it is estab­ old proverb queri es, " How shall a man die a sense of refinement. li shed ; in the home, it is easy to kill in­ who has sage in his garden?" Just as old Bay, the true laurel of the ancients, was adve rtently, since o ne tends to fo rget to Soviet Georgians today might attribute their used to make wreaths for li fe 's winners. water those pl ants with low water require­ longevity to yogurt, men of an earli er time Crowns of bay also conveniently covered ments. During summer, we giv e it the same put much stock in sage. Perhaps one day up bald spots on the heads of Ro man di g­ outdoor treatment as bay, but I also like an imaginative health-food entrepreneur nitari es. (Bay sho uld not be confused with to keep rosemary as a potted pl ant on the will market a sage- fl avored yogurt for those mo unta in la urel, KaLm ia Latifolia, a n terrace. That way, it is easier to keep an who don't like to take chances . Ameri can shrub with vaguely similar but eye on its somewhat wayward growth habit Bay (L aurus n obiLi s) a nd rosema ry toxic fo li age.) Bay has a summer ho me in and make corrections with pruning shears. (R osmarinus officinalis) are two other ve ry the back of our herb garden. In M ay, we There is even a prostrate fo rm of rosemary useful and attractive herbs from the M ed­ plunge it-pot and all-into the ground. that is quite seductive if allowed to drape iterranean. In colder areas, they must be Then in October, we move it indoors, prune over the side of a pot. The trimmings are, treated as ho use pla nts during winter back tops and roots sli ghtly, and repot it. of course, cl assic accompaniments for pork months. South of Balrimore, M aryland, they This is a vigorous shrub when it becomes and lamb. They make especiall y handsome are reasonably hardy outdoors year round. established, and pruning with shears is whiskers for a suckling pi g, too. ~~ I recall growing bay in New Yo rk City for necessary. The dense, dark green foli age Frederi ck M cGourty, who li ves in Norfolk, several years as a die-back shrub ; top serves as an enhancing background for a Connecti cut, is co-owner o f Hillside Gardens, growth was killed each winter, but a new number of low-growing herbs. Bay brings a nu rsery specia li zing in perennials.

American Horticulturist 29 Don't Buy a BlGnLLER._ For a Small Job! Book Reviews

VISIONS OF PA RADISE . dens in San M arino, California. Ph otography by Marina Schinz; Text by Visions of Paradise is more than just Susan Littlefi eld with Marina Schinz. another pi cture book, however. The text Stewart, Tabori & Chang. New York, that accompani es the photographs is fas­ New York. 1985.272 pages; hardcover, cinating and makes for very enj oyabl e $39.95. A HS member price, $34.45. reading. The thoughtful commentary of W ithout a doubt, this Susan Littlefield, a landscape architect and is the most beautiful freelance writer, provides the reader with book on gardens or considerable insight into the development ga rdening that I have and meaning of the various garden themes. Buy a Mantis! ever seen. The simply In short, Visions of Paradise is a book no breathtaking photo­ ga rden lover should be without. Big tillers weigh almost 300 Ibs. gr aphs by M a ri a Mantis weighs just 20 Ibs. (women and GARDENS OF THE SOUTH. older gardeners love it)! Schinz fea tured in Simply turning a 300 lb. tiller in a Visions of Paradise Southern Accents Press. Simon and backyard garden is a challenge. are grouped in chap­ Schuster. New York, New York . 1985. Mantis starts with a flick of the wrist . ters to illustrate vari ous types of ga rdens 211 pages; hardcover, $3 5.00. AHS turns on a dime .. . and weeds m ember price, $3 0.00. between narrow rows and along and gardening important to the western fence lines. world. The chapter titles are an indicati on This is a book cele­ The Mantis takes the work out of of the scope of the book: The Cottage Gar­ brating both the pub­ growing flowers and vegetables . den, The H erb Garden, The Rose Garden, li c a nd the p r ivate so you can have more time to enjoy the results! The Kitchen Garden, The Perennial Bo r­ gardens of the South. Most big tillers were designed to just der, The Itali an School, The French Style, A total of 25 gardens till, Mantis was designed from the The "Engli sh" Garden, The Des igned are presented, all of beginning for a variety of useful at­ Landscape and The Naturalized Garden. w hi ch w e re o rigi­ tachments. Tiller. Weeder. Furrower. Edger. Lawn Aerator. Lawn De­ Schinz's photographs have a freshness about n a ll y featured in Thatcher. Hedge Trimmer. them ; even her shots o f o ften-phoro­ Southern Accents Best of all, Mantis costs a fraction graphed gardens are unique. M any of the magazine. Each gar­ of what you'll pay for a big tiller. photographs are enl arged to occupy two den is illustrated with a selection of beau­ 3-Week In-Your-Garden Trial! pages of this large-format book, yet despite tiful photographs showing both overall Mantis has a Lifetime Warranty on the tines (if they ever break, we'll this degree of enl argement, they a re cri sp vi ews and intimate details of the garden. replace them). A Lifetime Replace­ and illustrate their subjects in wonderful The Biltmore H ouse, Longue Vue, Tryon ment agreement on the engine. And a detail. For example, a two-page close-up Palace and Cypress Gardens are among the 3-Week In- Your-Garden Trial (if you don't like it, we'll take it back and give shot showing the detail of the carpet bed­ stunning public gardens included. (Mary­ you a full refund). ding at H ampton Court (whi ch combines land's Ladew To pi ary Gardens was in ­ coleus, orn amental cabbage, ruby chard cluded in the section on private ga rdens, I use my Mantis to weed a large flower garden that used to take four days to and dusty M ill er) provides a unique look although it has been open to the public fo r complete - with the Mantis It takes at the Victorian-era fasci nati on with bril­ some time.) The private gardens presented only one hour. Now I have time to () li ant color, while a magni ficent shot of the in the book, including those at The White enjoy my flowers. ::; ::; twin perennial borders at Bampton M anor House, are equall y lovely. refl ects the trend th at repl aced carpet bed­ Although a brief introduction is pro­ Saraland, Alabama Q'" ding. Lovely pi ctures of elegant French al­ vided for each garden, Gardens of the South lees, baroque Itali an gardens and Monet's is basicall y a picture book. The text is very exuberant cottage garden at Givern y, are general and merely serves to "set the scene" equall y as pleasing. Many Ameri can gar­ fo r each garden. The authors have not even Mantis Manufacturing Co. dens are pictured as well , in cl uding herb provided addresses for the public gardens 1458 County Line Rd., Dept. 1059 ga rdens at The Cloisters in New York and featured. As for the private ga rdens, whose Huntingdon Valley, PA 19006 (21 5) 355 -9700 Longacres in Nashvill e, Tennessee; rose owners want to protect their privacy (and o Please send more information on the Mantis gardens at the Brookl yn Botani c Garden understandabl y so), it was often di fficult Tiller/Cultivator ... and your 3-Week Trial l and the Willi am Paca House in Annapoli s, to determine which state the garden is lo­ Name ______Maryland; the vegetable garden at Mount cated in . However, the photographs con­ Address ______Vernon in Virgini a; the woodl and garden tain a wealth of design ideas and would City ______at Winterthur in Delawa re and naturalized certainl y entertain any gardener who en­ L'ta!,..---_----_------Zi p ___-- --_---;;.1 gardens at the Huntington Botanical Gar- joys dreaming about gardens.

30 August 1986 THE H OUSE & GARDEN BOOK OF BEAUTIFUL GARDENS ROUND THE WORLD. Peter Coats. Little, Brown and Company. Boston, Massachusetts. 1985. 208 pages; hardcover, $29.95. AHS member price, $26.95. World travelers (in- cluding the arm chair BeCluti/j11 Gardens va ri ety) would enjoy ROIll,.drheIMJrld paging through this book by Peter Coats, a world-traveler, pho tographer, gar­ HOW TO PHOTOGRAPH den writer and de­ FLOWERS, PLANTS & signe r. Although LANDSCAPES Derek Fell ma ny books h ave Award-wi nning author, Derek Fell , is America's most widely published plant photographer. This been devoted to the gardens of the western magnifice nt book co ntains 164 pages, size world-most notably Grea t Britain-few 8'12 x 11 inches, over 300 full color photos. Covers equipment, film, composition , close·ups, artificial offer such a worldwide view of gardens. light, gardens, flowers, trees, shrubs, fruits, Coats has included photographs of mag­ vegetables, wi ldflowers, house plan Is PLUS how nificent ga rdens from several European to sell your work and more. Autographed. Mail $9.95 per copy (includes shipping) to: countries, as well as Africa, India, Aus­ Robin Williams, American Horticultural Society, tralia, Japan, Singapore, Russia, Greece, PO Box 0105, Mount Vernon, VA 22 121. Satisfaction guaranteed. Mauritius, the United States and Canada. "The besl book on the subjecl" In all , 60 gardens from 22 co untries are '--____ -Avant Gardener ___ __-' represented. Most gardens in this book are illustrated with a se ri es of photographs rather than Book Order Fonn a single shot. These photographs, some of which show evidence of ye ll owing or fad­ Please send me the books I have checked ing from age, represent a lifetime of travel below at the special AHS prices. and are generall y of very hi gh quality. The o Visions of Paradise ...... $34.45 lively and informative text is also very STEWA047 10 pleasing; it not only details the history of o Gardens of the South ...... $30.00 the various gardens, but also describes par­ SlM ON04690 ticular plants that predominate. o Beautiful Gardens Round the World...... $26.95 COLOR IN YOUR GARDEN. urrL04700 Penelope Hobhouse. Little, Brown and o Color in Your Garden ..... $28.00 Company. Boston, Massachusetts. 1985. urn04650 239 pages; hardcover, $35.00. AHS o Designing with member price, $28.00. Flowers...... $18.70 CROWN04680 Please send me Free Catalog. Undoubtedly, the first impulse of anyone o I would like to order books. Please send me Mammoth Dar­ who sees a copy of this sumptuous book o Please add $1. 75 per book for win Hybrids /100. is to page through the many beautiful pho­ postage and handling. Virginia *Enclosed is check or money order tographs of plants and gardens. Color in residents, also add 4% sales tax. for $15.95. Your Garden is far more than a luscious Please allow six weeks for delivery. new picture book on gardens, however. Enclosed is my check for $___ . Gardeners who read the text and photo Mail to: Robin Williams, American Name captions wi ll gain insight about how color Horticultural SOCiety, P.O. Box 0105, Address can be used effectively in the garden. Mount Vernon, Virginia 22121. City ______Entire volumes have been written on the State _____ Zip ____ subject of color and its use in the garden. Ship [0, ______Hobhouse's introductory chapters on de­ Street: ______sign and the nature of color serve as a very good introduction to this complex subject. Ciry, ______In addition to providing a brief history of the use of color in gardens, the author State' ______Zip, ______Stillbrook Farm presents a detailed discussion of the factors Maple St., 307-F Litchfield, CT 06759

American Horticulturist 31 BOOK REVIEWS

gardeners must keep in mind if they are combine the suggestions presented in Color depicted in beautiful photographs going to use color successfully. For ex­ in Your Garden with cultural recommen­ throughout the book. (Guild's choices in­ am pie, she discusses the "fundamental dations for their particular part of the clude glass, plain ceramics, patterned ce­ practicalities of climate, site and garden country will gain a great deal from this ramics, metalware, baskets and a variety aspect," as well as the ways in which an lovely and inforI1)ative book. of more unusual containers.) There are also individual garden can be used and enjoyed. chapters devoted to composition, using An entire chapter is devoted to defining DESIGNING WITH FLOWERS. fragrant flowers, combining food and terms such as hue, value and intensity, and Tricia Guild. Crown Publishers. New flowers, and using flowers to decorate in­ to explaining how color is perceived. York, New York. 1986. 191 pages; teriors. The final chapter describes and The majority of the book is devoted to hardcover, $24.95. AHS member price, illustrates many commonly used blooms, individual chapters on color groups-"The $18.70. afid explains how to cut and conditiofi Blues," "Hot Colors," "Clear Yellows" Anyone interested in learning more about them for longest vase life. and "Foliage Framework," for example. the art of designing with flowers will enjoy Perhaps the most outstanding aspect of Each of these chapters begins with a gen­ this beautifully illustrated book. Guild be­ the book is the many photographs of the eral discussion, followed by a plant cata­ gins by discussing the various elements that author's own fresh, informal arrange­ logue, which divides the plants into sea­ must be incorporated into a successful de­ ments, which range from large, floor­ sons of color. Although the plant catalogues sign. The chapter on color is divided into standing pieces to tiny vases filled with a contain a great many plants, it is important individual discussions of the major color few sprigs. Designing With Flowers also for American readers to remember that groups that the flower arranger will en­ includes many photographs of arrange­ this is a British book. (It is unfortunate counter, including white, cream, yellow, ments consisting of grouped containers used that few of us will ever be able to duplicate, mauve, blue and red. The chapter on fo­ to decorate tables or mantelpieces. In short, in our own gardens, the magnificent stand liage is similarly divided into discussions the variety of the materials and containers of Meconopsis pictured in the chapter on of variegated foliage, texture, shades of employed, and the settings used to com­ blue-flowered plants.) Fortunately, the au­ gray, and ferns and grasses. The section plement the arrangements, would inspire thor is aware that the conditions under on containers is especially intriguing be­ any flower arranger. 0 which her readers garden vary tremen­ cause it reflects the wide variety of con­ -Barbara W. Ellis dously, and her suggestions are meant to tainers employed by the author in her own Barbara W. Ellis is the Publications Director serve simply as guides. Gardeners who lovely, informal arrangements, which are for the American Horticultural Society .

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32 August 1986 Stark Bro's FREE Catalog AN ART GALLERY GARDEN Fruit Tree Specialists for the Home Grower Since 1816! Nothing compares with the sweet juicy taste of home-grown fruit Continued from page 23 picked fresh from your own trees. Imagine the scrumptious pies, cobblers, jams, jellies and just plain good eatin' you 'll enjoy. in quantity ("It was like digging in doll ar bills"), but the local sand is alkaline, and 11 REASONS WHY plants grow best in a sli ghtly acid soil. For a year or two after perlite has been dug Stark Bra's is for you: in, it washes to the surface after it rains, • $5.00 Discount towards your first purchase. but then it settles down. Now, after years • Order this fall. . .SAVE additional 20%. of cultiva ti on, the Meyers' soi l is suffi­ • Highest quality nursery stock available. • Largest number of exclusive varieties. ciently acid that sand can be used instead • No-risk buying - inspect your order before of perlite. you pay. No overall plan was made for the gar­ • Easy-on-the-budget credit-card buying. den . Alan Bloom's books a d voca ting • Convenient Toll-free telephone ordering. growing plants in island beds were a strong • Daily phone specials. influence. (When the two men recently met, • The fruit tree specialists since 1816! Meyer expressed hi s thanks with a gift of • Shop-at-home convenience. Orostac.hys, a plant new to Bloom.) Meyer • Guaranteed satisfaction on all orders. used a hose to mark out pl easing abstract designs for the beds and borders, all of which are curvin g. "Mother Nature doesn't ~ Send for your FREE catalog & $5 coupon today! plant in straight lines," he notes. II Print The garden is cared for without outside Name ______help . A gardener's days a re never long Address ------enough, and Meyer has learn ed to avoid I unnecessary tasks. At first, he fe rtilized the I City Stark Bra's 56-page, full-color catalog State Zip hundreds of varieties of fruit, shade and nut I grass often, but, he says, "it grew so fast trees, berries, shrubs and roses too - plus in spring I couldn't keep up with it." Now I Phone everything you need to grow bushels of I he feeds the grass only once each yea r, I (are a code) flavorful fruit. I applying Scott's Turf Builder in earl y au­ 1____ ~~~~r~~s!:u~~~~. ~~8~~i~~~~~~ ______.J tumn. Fungus, which Meyer is convinced was caused by over-feeding, is no longer a problem. Plants usuall y need to be watered PLANT LOVE RS during the late-summer drought, but when they wilt toward the end of a hot day, Why can't you buy Meyer no longer rushes fo r the hose; onl y TouchStoneTM if they are still wilting in the morning does Growing Soils? he bother to water. H e feeds plants once a year, in spring, with a slow-release fer­ Beca use most dea lers beli eve you only tilize r, which is mo re expensive th an rapid­ w ant chea p dirt in a bag. But examine release fertilize rs but less costly in terms what patented Touc hStone gives your va luable p lants: natural timed ·release of labor. (H e favors MagAmp (7-40-6), nutrition; increased water avail ability available from Stokes Seeds, Inc., 737 Main for improved pl ant ca re; superi o r soil Street, Box 548, Buffalo, NY 14240.) texture th at is pathogen-free. You save THE PERMANENT plants, money and effort. Gardening is a year-round interes t for METAL GARDEN LABEL Dick Meyer, who uses an indoor plant room Your Plants Will and lights thro ughout the winter to raise A-Hairpin Style Markers 30 $7.65 B-Plant or Shrub Labels 100 $6.30 plants for summer bedding from seed or SHOW the Difference. C-Cap Style Markers 30 $8.10 cuttings-the only way he can be sure of D-Swinging Style Markers 30 $6.50 Guaranteed. E-Rose Markers 30 $7.20 getting exactly what he wants. In conver­ F-Tall Display Markers 30 $10.15 O rd er four ga llons of Touchstone G rowing G-Tall Single Staff Markers 30 $7.45 sation, he describes himself as "a failed 30 $6.15 Soil for the retail pri ce of $8.49 and w e H-Flag Style Markers artist-just not good enough." H is garden J-Small Plant Labels 100 $6.30 will deliver it to you r door by UPS with K-Tie-On Labels 100 $7.40 refutes that statement; both practical and complete technical data. M-Minature Markers 30 $6.10 artistic, it is inspiring to all who visit. Vis­ To uc hStone Corpo ration Special Quantity Prices Available itors often comment that it must be "an Rt. 2, Box 158 Posta.ge Prepaid awful lot of work." Meyer smiles and says, Columbia, MO 65201 Introductory Offer: 1 Each ; A, B, C, D, E, H, J, K " Work is something you do when you'd (3 14) 474-6174 With Waterproof Crayon Only $2.75 rather be doing something else. There's M as terCa rd an d Visa accepted. nothing else I'd rather be doing."O PAW PAW EVERLAST Pam ela H arper is the owner of the H arper LABEL COMPANY Horticultural Slide Library, and is a frequent H-t-..-r_I-~ouchStone , . P.o. Box 93-AH-2 I-t-l-.-+-tscientific·proclt. .i cts-for-growth contributor to American Horticulturist. Paw Paw, Michigan 49079-0093

American Horticulturist 33 Landscaping with Perennials A symposium sponsored Pronunciation tnt The New York Botanical Garden

The New American Style James Van Sweden Guide Design Throughout the YeaI' Beth Chatto Agrostemma githago Hosta fortunei HOSS-tah FOR-tune-eye ag-row-STEM-ah jih-THAY-go H . sieboldiana h. sigh-bold-ee-A Y-nah Perennial Pleasures Alchemilla mollis lmperata cylindrica David Smith al-keh-MILL-ah MOLL-iss im-per-AH-tah sill-IN-drih-kah Allium cepa AL-ee-um SEE-pah Iris x germanica var. florentina The Graceful Grasses A. schoenoprasum a. ski-no-PRA Y- sum EYE-riss jer-MAN-ih-kah A. senescens var. glaucum floor-en-TEEN-ah Mary Hockenberry Meyer a. seh-NES-senz GLA W-kum Kalmia latifolia A. tuberosum a. too-bur-OH-sum KAL-mee-ah lat-ih-FOE-lee-ah A Luxuriance of Peonies, Artemisia abrotanum Lamiastrum lay-me-ASS-strum Hostas and Daylilies are-tem-EASE-ee-ah ab-row-TA Y-num Lamium maculatum Roy Klehm A. dracunculus a. drah-KUN-kew-lus LA Y-me-um mack-yew-LA Y-tum A. ludoviciana a. lood-oh-viss-ee-A Y-nah Laurus nobilis LORE-us no-BILL-iss Astilbe x arendsii Lavandula angustifolia ah-STILL-bee air-END-zee-eye lah-VAND-yew-Iah an-gus-tih-FOE-Iee-ah The New York A. chinensis var. davidii Lindera angustifolia Botanical Garden a. chih-NEN-sis day-VID-ee-eye lin-DER-ah an-gus-tih-FOE-Iee-ah Bronx, New York A. grandis a. GRAND-iss Lobularia maritima Tuesday, October 7, 1986 A. japonica a. jah-PON-ih-kah lob-yew-LAIR-ee-ah mah-RIT-ih-mah A. x lemoinei a. leh-MOYN-eye Matteuccia pensylvanica The Arnold Arboretum of A. rivularis a. riv-yew-LAIR-iss mat-TOO-see-ah pen-sil-VAN-ih-kah A. simplicifolia a. sim-pliss-ih -FOE-lee-ah Mentha X gentilis MEN-thah jen-TILL-iss Harvard University A. taquetii a. tah-KET-ee-eye M. x piperita va r. citrata Cambridge, Massachusetts Athyrium goeringianum m. pie-per-EYE-tah si h-TRAH-tah Friday, October 17, 1986 ah-THIGH-ree-um gear-rinj-ee-A Y-num M. requienii m. wreck-we-EN-ee-eye A. nipponicum a. nih-PON -ih-kum M. x rotundifolia Chicago Botanic Garden Begonia evansiana m. row-ton-dih-FOE-Iee-ah be-GO-nee-ah/be-GOAN-yah M. suaveolens m. swah-vee-OH-Ienz Glencoe, Illinois ee-van-see-A Y-nah Mertensia mer-TEN-see-ah Friday, October 10, 1986 B. grandis b. GRAND-iss Myrrhis odorata MY-riss oh-door-A Y-tah Bergenia ber-GIN-ee-ah Nepeta neh-PEE-tah National Wildlife Federation Buxus BUCK-sus Nigella sativa ny-JELL-ah sah-TIE-vah Vienna, Virginia Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Ocimum basilicum Tuesday, October 14, 1986 ser-ah-toe-STIG-mah oh-SIGH-mum bah-SILL-ih-kum plume-badge-ih-NO Y-deez Orostachys iwarenge Chelone obliqua oh-row-ST ACK-iss eye-war-EN-jee kell-OWN-ee oh-BLEE-kah Peltiphyllum peltatum For information, contact The Chrysanthemum parthenium pel-tih-FILL-um pel-TA Y-tum New York Botanical Garden, kris-AN-thah-mum par-THEN-ee-um Petroselinum crispum Bronx, New York 10458-5126 Dryopteris cristata pet-row-sell-LIE-num KRISP-um (212) 220-8720 dry-OP-ter-iss kris-TA Y-t ah Phlox paniculata Echinacea purpurea FLOCKS pan-ick-yew-LA Y-tah ech-in-A Y-see-ah pur-pur-EE-ah Physostegia fi e-so-STEE-jee-ah Epimedium X rubrum Polemonium pole-eh-MOAN-ee-um D Please send me a brochure ep-ih-MEE-dee-um REW-brum Polygonatum poe-lig-oh-NA Y-tum about Landscaping with Euonymus fortunei var. radicans Primula PRIM-yew-Iah yew-ON-ih-mus FOR-tune-eye Pulmonaria pull-mon-AIR-ee-ah Perennials RAD-ih-kanz Rosmarinus officinalis Foeniculum vulgare rose-mare-EYE-nus oh-fis-ih-NAL-iss Name ______fee-NICK-yew-lum vul-GARE-ee Ruta graveolens ROO-tah grah-vee-OH-Ienz Gaillardia gah-LAR-dee-ah Salvia officinalis Address ______Geranium jer-A Y-nee-um SAL-vee-ah oh-fiss-ih-NAL-iss Hakonechloa macra Santolina chamaecyparissus _____ Zip _____ hah-kon-ee-KLOE-ah MACK-rah san-toe-LEE-nah kam-ee-sip-air-ISS-us Helleborus orientalis S. virens s. VY-renz Return to: Symposium, The hell-eh-BORE-us or-ee-en-TA Y-liss Stachys byzantina STACK-iss biz-an-TIE-nah Hemerocallis hem-er-oh-KAL-iss Thalictrum thah-LICK-trum New York Botanical Garden Heuchera jeffersonia Tiarella tee-ah-RELL-ah Bronx, New York 10458-5126 YEW-ker-ah jef-er-SEW-nee-ah Veronica incana ver-ON-ih-kah in-CAN-ah

34 August 1986 The American Horticultural Society

September 14-21, 1986 This fall the isl and gardens of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard will be the focus of a special trip co-sponsored by the New England Wild Flower Society and the AHS. Our visit will concentrate on the natural fl ora of the islands and the unique qualities resulting from their isolati on and unusual climatic conditions. We will be guided by well-known New Eng­ land botanists, and our tour leader will be Polly Pierce, President of the New England Wild Flower Society.

Baltimore anD Be~onD-Fa{[ Foliage Cruise on the chesapeake October 7-18, 1986 The Foli age Season, nature's last hurrah before winter, invites us to cruise the Chesapeake Bay in early October. With thousands of miles of tidal shoreline, the Chesapeake provides a brilliant backdrop for our seven day cruise. We begin our tour in the Baltimore area with three days of private visits and special activities arranged by enthusiastic and knowledge­ ab le members of the AHS. We then board th e MIV America , a lovely small ship boasting spacious outside cabins and the best of southern hospitality, sail along the unspoiled landscape of Maryland's eastern shore and visit such historic and exquisite landmarks as Williamsburg and Norfolk.

Spain in Private SplenDor April 10-26, 1987 A land of great beauty and history, the very name Spain provokes one's imagination. Our visit will encompass the four corners of this magical country-Barcelona, Galicia, Grenada, Sevilla and, of course, time in Madrid. Since many of the country's most interesting gardens are privately owned, we have enlisted two of Spain's leading horticulturalists to help design this exceptional tour. Private is the best word to describe what we are offering: from Arab castles, ducal palaces and monasteries to bullfights, country houses and city gardens, so much of what we will see will be opened to us excl usively. This trip will delight all those interested in such a fine blending of culture and horticulture.

INDIA-NOVEMBER 4-19-We have postponed the trip to India this fall but hope to offer it again in November of 1988.

These trips are sponsored by the American Horticultural Society.

PASSAGESFor further informationUNLIMITED please contact: ~~r",DiIA~ilii"-iEf ~ ~iID~;~;'!~~~~ 10 Lakeside Office Park , Wakefield, Massachusetts 01880 UNLIMITED, INC. 617-246-3575 Landscaping with Flowering Shrubs CIassifieds A symposium sponsored by The New York Botanical Garden ALSTROEMERIA BOOK OF DRIED BOUQUETS, over 285 pho­ tographs; Williamsburg, Modern, Country & LIGTU HYBRIDS. Mixed pinks, creams, corals Victorian, ($9.95 ppd.) BOTH Books $12.90 Shrubs for Summer Effect and peach. Long-lived, tuberous-rooted per­ Allen Patterson !"pd. FREE NEWSLETTER, send stamp. ennials hardy to 0°. Shipped early September in ROBERTA MOFFITT, PO Box 3597, Wil­ 2" pots for GUARANTEED safe delivery and mington, DE 19807. Out of the Ordinary transplanting. Bloom following summer. 6 pots/ Books about Plants, Horticulture, Botany, J. Raulston $15 postpaid. Order now, receive FREE color c. catalog. B&D LILIES, Dept. AH, 330 " P" Street, Landscaping, Pomology, Herbology any age. Port Townsend, WA 98368 (206) 385-1738. 1000 Title Catalogue $1.00. POMONA BOOKS, Rockton Ontario, Canada, LOR 1XO. Color in the Garden Catalog alone, $1.00 (refundable). J Penelope Hobhouse LIGTU HYBRIDS. Long lived perennial. Hardy Out of Print and scarce gardening and botanical through Zone 7. Order early for fall delivery, books. Catalogs issued regularly. Please write Design and Control of supply limited. We guarantee and ship one year to WHEELBARROW BOOKS, 22, Brangwyn Ave., Brighton, Sussex, BNl 8XG, England. the Shrub Border blooming size tubers only. For prices write: DUNFORD FARMS, PO Box 238, Dept. A, 1985 Edition EXOTICA 4, with 16,300 photos, Gary Koller Sumner, WA 98390. 405 in color, 2,600 pages in 2 volumes, with Addenda of 1,000 Updates, by Dr. A. B. Graf, THE AVANT GARDENER All-Season Shru.bs $187. TROPICA 3, revised 1986, 7,000 color DIFFERENT, EXCITING, GREAT FUN TO for Small Spaces photos, now 1,156 pages, $125. Exotic Plant READ-for the gardener who wants to get more Manual, 5th Ed., 4,200 photos, $37.50. Exotic John Elsley out of gardening! Subscribe to THE AVANT House Plants, 1,200 photos, $8.95. Circulars GARDENER, the most useful, most quoted of gladly sent. ROEHRS, Box 125, E. Rutherford, The New York all gardening publications. Every month this NJ 07073. unique news service brings you the newest and Bulbous Plant Journal. HERBERTIA and Quar­ Botanical Garden most practical on-going information-new terly Newsletter. Color-filled articles on bulbs, Bronx, New York plants, products, techniques, with sources, plus feature articles, special issues. 18th year. Awarded corms & tubers of Amaryllidaceae and related Wednesday, October 8, 1986 families. $12IYear. APLS-AH, PO Box 150, Garden Club of America and Massachusetts Horticultural Society Medals for outstanding LaJolla, CA 92038. The Arnold Arboretum of contributions to horticulture. Curious? Sample BROMELIAD CULTURAL INFORMATION Harvard University copy $1. Serious? $10 full year (reg. $15). THE LEARN ABOUT BROMELIADS. Colorful, fas­ Cambridge, Massachusetts A VANT GARDENER, Box 489M, New York, cinating, easily grown, send stamp for cultural Saturday, October 18, 1986 NY 10028. information. BROMELIAD SOCIETY, INC., AZALEAS & RHODODENDRONS 2355B Rusk, Beaumont, TX 77702. Chicago Botanic Garden SWEET AZALEAS-delightfully spicy fra­ BULB CATALOG-FREE grance-June/July blooming-Two Year Cat­ Glencoe, Illinois More than 350 flowerbulb varieties (including alog Subscription: $2.00 (deductible). CARL­ autumn blooming crocuses and coIchicums) make Saturday, October 11, 1986 SON'S GARDENS, Box 305-AHA886, South our 1986 Flowerbulb Catalog and Planting Guide Salem, NY 10590. (914) 763-5958. a valuable reference for every flowerbulb en­ National Wildlife Federation BANANA PLANTS thusiast. Write for your FREE copy: McCLURE Vienna, Virginia 35 varieties, plus pineapples, acerolas, brome­ & ZIMMERMAN, Quality Flowerbulb Bro­ Wednesday, October 15, 1986 liads, cacti, aloes, xanthosomas, etc. Catalog kers, 1422 W. Thorndale, Dept. AH, Chicago, $1.00. GARDEN WORLD, Dept. 32, 2503 IL 60660. Garfield, Laredo, TX 78043. BULBS For information, contact The Cyrtanthus Mixed, Good Pot Plant, Three bulbs BED AND BREAKFAST New York Botanical Garden, for $10, postpaid. Rare Bulb List $1.00, de­ Delightful place to stay in Gettysburg area! En­ Bronx, New York 10458-5126 ductible. WILLETTS, POB 446, Moss Landing, joy our shade, perennial, water and alpine gar­ CA 95039. (212) 220-8720 dens. Unusual perennial collection and nursery. NATIVE CAM ASS lA-Ideal for naturalizing Free Brochure. STILL-POINT GARDENS, New or spring border. Extremely cold hardy, mois­ Salem House, Box 24H, McKnightstown, PA ture resistant. 18 inch stems hold starry sky­ D Please send me a brochure 17343 (717) 337-3520. blue blossoms, prominant yellow stamens. 12 about Landscaping with BONSAI bulbs/$9.00 ppd. BLUE MEADOWS, Box 9, Flowering Shrubs BONSAI TREES, books, pots, tools, supplies, Seneca, OR 97873. gifts. 1986 illustrated CATALOG $2.50 ($5 CACTI & SUCCULENTS Name ______credit towards purchase). We ship anywhere. "CATALOG OF UNUSUAL SUCCULENTS" BONSAI CREATIONS, Dept. AH, 2700 N. 29th Discover the largest selection of weird and un­ Address ______Ave. #204, Hollywood, FL 33020. (305) 962- usual succulents-picture book catalog of suc­ 6960. culent crests, variegates, li ving stones, and odd­ _____ Zip _____ BOOKS balls. Send $1.00 today. "CATALOG OF DRIBD BOUQUETS SO REAL THEY LOOK UNUSUAL SUCCULENTS" Dept. A8, 553 Return to: Symposium, The FRESH! Show-and-Tell books give Professional Buena Creek Road, San Marcos, CA 92069. secrets for PRESERVING FLOWERS Step-by­ Living stones and other desert flora (cacti and New York Botanical Garden, Step, over 100 flowers, includes Microwave, other succulents) all seed grown. F€derally li­ Bronx, New York 10458-5126 ($3.95 ppd.) Companion book STEP-BY-STEP censed to export. Satisfiied customers are using

36 August1986 Gardening: The Complete Guide To GrowingAmerica's Favorite Fruits and Vegetables is the National Garden­ ing Association's complete gardening guide, put together from information gathered from its 250,000 members. Each chapter of Gardening pre­ sents step-by-step text and illustrations on how to grow fruits and vegetables, in­ cluding soil preparation, planning strategies, and tips on water and fertil­ izer needs. Gardening is on sale now at B. Dalton for $17.96 through August 31. Get your copy today. SAVE 25-35% EVERY DAY. Every day the current B. Dalton Top Ten hardcover bestsellers are 25-35%off . Plus you'll find hundreds of special Addison-Wesley Regular Price $19.95 values at low B. Dalton prices. B. Dalton Sale Price $17.96 With more than 300 categories of books, we make buying books easy. Our sales­ people give you all the help you need, including mail and phone orders, ordering special books, providing you with gift certificates and free gift wrapping, even shipping books anywhere in the country. _'L?U1

~.CLJtJ1iBOO K S ELL E R L':Jf-i B. Dalton welcomes 750 stores nationwide. Checkyour Yellow Pages for the store nearest you. th e American Express ,. Ca rd AIlS Travel ProSram CLASSIFIEDS our informative catalog. Get yours for $1.00 (redeemable) from: REDLO CACTI 001, 2315 N.W. Cird€ Blvd., Corvallis, OR 97330. OFFERING THE EXOTIC AND UNUSUAL The American Horticultural Soci­ Chesapeake Fall Foliage Cruise (October 8- ... Quality and satisfaction guaranteed ... ety is sponsoring an excellent 18). Cruise the Chesapeake Bay on the MIV (Current catalog $2--complete refund on your program of horticultural explora­ America during fall foliage season. Enjoy a first plant order). K & L CACTUS & SUC­ tions for the 1986 season. Plan seven-day sail along the unspoiled Eastern CULENT NURSERY, 12712 Stockton Blvd., to jOin fellow AHS members on Shore of Maryland, and visit such historic and Galt, CA 95632. one or more of these exciting exquisite landmarks as Williamsburg and ORCHID CACTUS SPECIAL: 6 different young garden-related tours. Portsmouth, Virginia. Join us during these plants, 1986 plantlbookshop catalogs, shipped golden days of October as we cruise this spec­ air delivered ($23.00 vah:le) ONLY: $12.95. OR: Wildflowers of Western Australia (Septem­ tacular estuary, with its thousands of miles of Giant 1986 PlantIBookshop Catalogs-34 pages ber 24-0ctober 12). Join AHS and Virginia of Orchid Cactus, Hoyas, Holiday Cactus, Rat­ tidal shoreline. You may wish to extend your Wildflower Preservation Society members on a tails, 100 + color photos, + 225 Cactus Books. trip and enjoy speoial activities sponsored by tour of natural areas and gardens in "the land Only $1.00: RAINBOW GARDENS, Box 721- AHS. down under." Visits to Adelaide Botanical AH86, La Habra, CA 90633-0721. Gardens and Kooringai Chase National Park CARNIVOROUS PLANTS near Sydney are scheduled. Leader: Dr. Stan­ YES! Please send me information on the Carnivorous, woodland terrarium pla.nts and wyn G. Shetler, Curator of Botany, Smithson­ tours checked below: supplies. Book, The World of Carnivorous Plants, ian Institution. o Western Australia $8 .95 postpaid. Cafalog FREE. PETER PAULS Autumn Tour of Japan (October 19-Novem­ o Autumn Tour of Japan NURSERIES, Canandaigua, NY 14424. ber 5). Explore unique gardens not open to o Fall Foliage Cruise DAYLILIES the general public, and learn about Japan's DA YLILIES FOR THE COLLECTOR. Many fascinating temple gardens while enjoying this Name ______colors--tetraploids, diploids, miniatures. Spuria, country's beautiful autumn foliage. Partici­ Louisiana IRISES. Catalog $1.00. CORDON Adm~s ______pants will visit the Imperial Palace East Gar­ BLEU FARMS, Box 2033, San Marcos, CA den in Tokyo and lovely gardens in Kyoto 92069. such as Kenroku-en and Seisonkaku Villa. City _____ State __ Zip __ DA YLILIES GALORE! Beautiful named hy­ Leader: Ernie Chew, former director of plant­ brids. Quantity Discounts. FREE catalog for MAlL TO: Elizabeth Smith, American Horticultural stamped envelope. LEE BRISTOL NURSERY, ings at the San Diego Zoo. Society, PO Box 0105, Mount Vernon, VA 22121. Box 5A, Gaylordsvills CT 06755. DRIED FLOWERS FINEST DRIED FLOWERS ... Direct from HeJpKeep grower ... Large field bunches ... Superior quality, color ... Order 5-bunch sampler, re­ Join Us in San AHS & America ceive 6th bunch FREE! $24.00 delivered . . . Guaranteed! 1986 Croplist $1.00. YOUNG­ Francisco! Green & Growing HART FARM, Route 1, Box 233A-S, Solsbeny, IN 47459. for the 41st Annual You don't need to expend en­ ergy, get your knees dirty or DRIED MATERIALS Meeting of the American fertilize heavily to do it! All VIDEO, "All About Drieds," only $39.95, a full hour of information about growing and Horticultural Society you need to do is include the drying, trivia, handling and arranging dried ma­ August 13-16, 1986 American Horticultural Society terials. JESSICA'S FLOWER BARN, Box 839B, in your will. Your thoughtful Auburn, NY 13021. ''Beautifullt Bountiful: planning can help to insure the DRIP IRRIGATION availability of sound gardening Free Information. Ideal for Flowers, vegetables. Horticulture's Legacy to information for future genera­ Save water, reduce disease, increase yields, sim­ tions of American gardeners. ple operation, durable. MISER IRRIGATION, the Future" Box 94616 AH, Lincoln, NE 68509-4616. It Your bequest to AHS n.eed not be large. You can name AHS as DWARF CONIFERS Over 180 types of dwarf conifers, small leaf Looking Ahead- a beneficiary of a percentage of rhodies, andromeda & hollies. Many suitable your estate or of a specified for bonsai. Described by size, shape, color and Make plans now to attend the amount. Your gift can be unre­ texture. 50-page catalog $2.00 (refundable). 42nd Annual Meeting of the stricted or designated for a par­ WASHINGTON EVERGREEN NURSERY, American Horticultural ticular purpOs€. Box 388AH, Leiceste.!J NC 28748. Society in /Yew York City, Won't you consider including EXOTIC PLANTS the Society in your will? "STALLINGS NURSERY DELIVERS!" Over May 13-16,1987. 700 of the world's most beautiful plants! 250 For further information, please genera listed, including many rare varieties of "Parks, Penthouses and write: "Planned Giving," AHS, Hibiscus, Jasmines, Abutilons, subtropicals, Windowsills: Vines, Perennials, and more! Send $2.00 (re­ P.O. Box 0105, Mount Vernon, fundable with first order) for our all-new mail­ Gardening in the City" VA 22121, Telephone: (703) order Catalog and Suppl€ment. STALLINGS 768-5700. NURSERY (Since 1945) 910-AH, Encinitas Blvd., Encinitas, CA 92024.

38 August 1986 • es 00 !

The American Horticultural Soci­ pages. Beautifully illustrated overview of gar­ winter twig and acorn characteristics for ety is pleased to offer members its den design, including a brief history, as well most species. Also includes a key to 112 as an examination of specific elements of the Mexican species. Hardcover, $14.95; soft­ 14 best-selling titles. Choose a new landscape (landings, entries, vertical cover, $9.95. AHS member price, $14.35 book for your library, or select an changes) and of design elements such as (hardcover), $8.95 (softcover) . old favorite to give a friend. paving, water and light. Hardcover, $35.00. AHS member price, $28.00. The Ortho Problem Solver. 2nd Ed. Order Ponn Michael D. Smith, Editor. 1,040 pages. Im­ Growing and Propagating Wild Flowers. Prices reflect AHS member discount mensely valuable reference book on problems Harry R. Phillips. 331 pages. Useful, inform­ o The Ortho Problem Solver ...... $160.15 encountered by the home gardener. ative book covering the essentials of growing CHEVR·03 ISO Hundreds of color photographs. Original edi­ and propagating wildflowers. Covers basics o Ball Red Book...... $ 22.65 tion sold out. Hardcover, $179.95. AHS mem­ of wildflower cultivation, and contains de­ PRmr-02970 o Perennials ...... $ 7.95 ber price, $160.15. tailed information on individual species of HPBOO-04000 flowering plants and ferns. Hardcover, Ball Red Book: Greenhouse Growing. o Exotica IV ...... $175.90 $24.95; softcover, $14.95. AHS member price ROEHR'{)3570 14th Ed. Vic Ball, Editor. 720 pages. Essen­ $21.20 (hardcover) ; $12.70 (softcover) . o Hortus Third ...... $117.00 tial reference on all aspects of commercial MACMI·03560 production of horticultural crops. Over 425 Plant Propagation Principles and Prac­ o Plants That Merit Atlention- pages devoted to the cultural requirements of tices. Hartmann and Kester. 662 pages. Con­ Volume 1 ...... $ 38.20 1S1lS.{)OO70 specific crops. Hardcover, $26.95. AHS mem­ sidered a definitive textbook on the subject. o Garden Design ...... $ 28.00 ber price, $22.65. Presents complete, up-to-date coverage of all SIMON.{)1930 phases of plant propagation. Approximately Growing and Propagating Wild flowers Perennials: How to Select, Grow & Enjoy. 130 pages are devoted to seed propagation o Hardcover ...... $ 21.20 Pamela Harper and Frederick McGourty. 160 UNO RT·o;I OO alone; an additional 100 pages cover propa­ pages. Essential reference work packed with o Softcover ...... $ 12.70 gation of selected plants. Hardcover, $31.95. photographs of and information on 250 per­ UNORT·()4 110 AHS member price, $28.25. o plant Propagation ...... $ 28.25 ennials in 135 different genera. Excellent, PRENT'{)3220 complete cultural information on plants pic­ Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees o Manual of Broad-Leaved Trees and tured; plant lists and useful chapters on the and Shrubs, Volume 1. Gerd Kriissman. Shrubs-Volume 1 ...... $ 55.25 basic principles of gardening and perennials. 498 pages. A standard reference used by Eu­ 1S1lS.{)OO70 o Peppers ...... $ 28.00 Softcover, $9.95. AHS member price, $7.95. ropean gardeners and nurserymen. Descrip­ UfEXA'{)3990 tions of thousands of taxa, and extensive line Exotica IV. Alfred Byrd Graf. 2,580 pages, o The Gardens of Japan ...... $ 72.25 2-volume set. Revised edition of the compre­ drawings and photographs. Hardcover, KODAN·0231O $65.00. AHS member price, $55.25. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants hensive guide to plants from tropical and o Hardcover ...... $ 27.85 near-tropical areas. Includes 15,800 black­ Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums. SllPE.{)OI30 and-white and 405 color photographs. Con­ Jean Andrews. 186 pages. Fascinating book o SOftcover...... $ 21. 70 cise descriptions of each plant. Hardcover, SllPE·OOI40 containing all you ever wanted to know Oaks of North America $187.00. AHS member price, $175.90. about peppers. Beautiful color plates depict o Hardcover ...... $ 14.35 32 cultivars, and text includes complete his­ NATUR.Q2650 Hortus Third: A Concise Dictionary of torical, botanical and cultural information. o SOftcover...... $ 8.95 Plants Cultivated in the United States NATUR.{)266Q and Canada. The Liberty Hyde Bailey Hor­ Hardcover, $35.00. AHS member price, torium. 1,290 pages. Published in 1976, this $28.00. I would like to order books. remains the classic reference guide to culti­ The Gardens ofJapan. Teiji Itoh. 228 Please add $1.75 per book to cover postage vated plants in this country and Canada. In­ pages. Sumptuous, oversized book presenting and handling. cludes botanical descriptions of hundreds a history of Japanese gardens as well as an Enclosed is my check for $ ___ and genera and thousands of species in culti­ explanation of and a guide to some of vation. Some cultural notes, a common name Japan's outstanding gardens. Hardcover, Please make checks payable to the American Horticultural index and information on botanical nomen­ $85.00. AHS member price, $72.25. Society. Allow six weeks for delivery. Virginia residents, clature included. Hardcover, $125.00. AHS please add 4% sales tax. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. member price, $117.00. Mail to: Robin Williams, American Horticultural Michael A. Dirr. 826 pages. New edition of Society, P.O. Box 0105-A86, Mount Vernon, VA Plants That Merit Attention-Volume 1: very useful book OB trees, shrubs and woody trees. Janet Meakin Poor, Editor. 375 pages. vines. Includes many new species and culti­ 22121. Dilscriptions and illustrations of 150 species vars not in earlier editions. Hardcover, and cultivars of trees that are not common $31.80; softcover, $24.80. AHS member price, Ship to on a national basis, but which deserve to be $27.85 (hardcover), $21.70 (softcover). grown more frequently. Hardcover, $44.95. Street Oaks of North America. Howard A. Miller AHS member price, $38.20. &> Samuel H. Lamb. 327 pages. Field guide City Garden Desi~: History, Principles, Ele­ to 75 species and varieties of oaks. Includes ments, Practice. William Lake Douglas. 224 descriptions, illustrations, range maps and State Zip rHKNUS------, CLASSIFIEDS IGETIING YOU DOWN? ! ITRY SIT DOWN ~ ments: B.S. or equivalent in horticulture, botany FLOWER ARRANGING SUPPLIES or related plant science field and three years I GARDENING WITH ~ Send 50 cents for super catalog of flower ar­ practical experience in field. Knowledge of cacti ranging supplies; containers, foams, dried ma­ and succulents essential. Excellent salary and ISCOOT-N-DO™ ~ terials and more. JESSICA'S FLOWER BARN, benefits package, including four weeks vaca­ Box 839B, Auburn, NY 13021. tion, pension and paid medical and life insur­ I I GARDEN ORNAMENTS ance. Send resume, including salary history, and letters of recommendation to: Director of Per­ Bronze, Lead, and Stone including Topiary. 400 sonnel Services, NEW YORK BOTANICAL I @) I page catalog available $8.00. Hard bound li­ GARDEN, Bronx, NY 10458. brary edition over 2,000 illustrations showing I Introductory price I bird baths, benches, bronzes including tablets, HOUSE PLANTS cisterns, compasses, cupids, curbing, dolphins, ORCHIDS, GESNERIADS, BEGONIAS, CACTI I Regularly 54.95 $ 4 9 ~ eagles, elephants, finials, frogs, foxes, fruit bas­ & SUCCULENTS. Visitors welcome. 1986-87 kets, gates and gate posts, Japanese lanterns, catalog $1.75. LAURAY OF SALISBURY, Rt. !II Plus 6.65 hdlg ~ lead figures, lions and lion masks, mermaids, 41 (Undermountain Rd .) , Salisbury, CT 06068 I_ 10W' high, 34" long, 12" wide ~ planters, St. Francis, weathervanes. KENNETH (203) 435-2263. !II - Carry tools and produce ~ LYNCH & SONS, 78 Danbury Road, Wilton, ANNOUNCING! Our new 1986-88 mailorder I- lower shelf holds berry boxes ~ CT 06897. catalog of Tropicals. Largest selection of choice .- Supports up to 300 Ibs IIIii GARDENING GLOVES Begonias, Geraniums, Jasmine, Citrus, Herbs, - Won't sink, even in mud ~ GOATSKIN GLOVES. Tough, lightweight Phalaenopsis Orchids and more. Color catalog Iii• - Comes fully assembled ~ goatskin stretches and becomes form-fitting, $3.00. LOGEE'S GREENHOUSES, Dept. AH, 55 North Street, Danielson, CT 06239. !II - Full Mfg. guarantee ~ giving wearer ultimate in fit, grip, dexteriry. I Try it for low down household chores ~ Natural lanolin in leather keeps hands soft. Sizes INDOOR-OUTDOOR GARDENING 7-10 or sel'ld outline of hand. $8 .50.postpaid. SUPPLIES PUTNA ~ Box 295C, WiltQ!!, NH 03086. "FREE CATALOGUE" ... "LOWEST I MELLINGERSI GREENHOUSE ACCESSORIES PRICES-TOP QUALITY SUPPLIES" .. . Plas­ 2364 w. South Range F-ld. I I COMPLETE MIST PROPAGATION SYS­ tic pots, hanging baskets, flats, markers, etc. ... IIIii North Lima, OH 44452-9731 TEMS. Get phenomenal propagation results­ 2 Stamps ... Postage . .. PLANT COLLECT­ ~ Call 800321-7444 IBLES, 103E Kenview, Buffalo, NY 12417. ~ Have your Mastercard / Visa Ready ~ Greater fin ancial yield! Unequalled-inexpen­ sive-FREE brochure. AQUAMONITOR, Box FREE GROWING SUPPLIES CATALOG. !III In Ohio Call 216 549-9861 ~ 32Z. Dept. B, Huntington, NY 11 743. Wholesale Prices! Fast Service! Pots, flats, la­ ~~~...... -I bels, fertilizer, tools,pIant stands. FPI-H, 2242 GREENHOUSE BOOKS Palmer, Schaumburg, IL 60195. GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT -SEC­ OND EDITION by Robert W. Langhans, Cor­ INTERESTED IN A SHADY DEAL? nell University professor. Information on heat­ INTERESTED IN A SHADY DEAL? Shade ing, cooling, watering, lighting and pest control. vegetables and ornamentals with SHADE 270 pages, 209 illustrations. Send $21.00 post­ CLOTH. Custom fabricated with reinforced paid to HALCYON PRESS OF ITHACA, 111 binding and brass grommets. Write or call col­ Halcyon Hill Roa

40 August 1986 NOW ... BY MAlL! PLANTS NEED MINERALS Unusual, Hard­ NOT MIRACLES ••• Order Toll Free: liads, Staghorn Ferns, Books, Peters Fertilizer, To-Find Flower 800·841·1105 Potting Mixes, Supplies for indoor and green­ Arranging In NY & Alaska: 415-362-0660 house culture. REQUEST CATALOG. FOX Supplies: ORCHIDS, INC., 6615 West Markham, Little eThat's why we formulated Multi­ Rock, AR 72205. Tool, Techniques, mineral GREEN CROSS Wintercare (2-20- 10), an exclusive granular nutritional formula PALMS Tricks of the Trade speCifically designed to harden stems, DWARF RHAPIS EXCELSA. Green and var­ SPECIAL OFFER­ strengthen roots, reduce winter, wind, dieback, acid rain and drought injury. Loaded with iegated " Lady Palms" for your home, patio, and MAKES A GREAT landscape. Elegant, long-lived, low-light. Rhapis CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, IRON ... ALL Book $5.00. Catalog $1.00. RHAPIS GAR­ GIFT: MINERALS-NO FILLERS. GREEN Q{()SS Wintercare fortifies and protects roses, DENS, PO Box 287-A, Gregory, TX 78359. The camellias, rhododendron, azaleas, trees, shrubs, PEONIES perennials ... all plants. Results are cumulative with continued use. Patent Pending. Including rare hybrids. Also DA YLILIES, JAP­ Original ANESE IRIS, HOSTA. Catalog $1.00-refund­ 1.5Ibs.-$7.95 rrreats6 Plants) _ able with first order. CAPRICE FARM NURS­ Stem 5.0 Ibs.-$14.95 rrreats 20 Plants) _. ERY, 15425 S.W. Pl easant Hill Rd., Sherwood, 25Ibs.-$32.99 rrreats 100 Plants) OR 97140. * SPEaAl. 10% OFF ORDERS OF 100 lBS. OR MORE Stripper Prices Postpaid in USA. Canada, AK, HI , PR PERENNIALS add 25% . Orders shipped UPS. A unique tool for removing Send check to: Green Cross Wintercare Inc.. 260 We offer a good selection of sturdy plants. Send thorns and leaves from Bay, Suite 207 , AH San Francisco, CA 94133. $1.00 for Plant List (refundable). CAMELOT stems. Name: ______NORTH, R2, Pequot Lakes, MN 56472. Add~ : ______BEAUTIFY YOUR GARDEN with hard-to-find 95 including onI Y $9ea postage [, perennials and rare alpines. Choose plants made handling City: _____ State: __ Zip: ___ famous by great gardeners. FREE Catalog. New Catalog ... Phone: ______SUNSHINE ORCHIDS, Perennial Division, $1.00 Refundable with Fruitland Rd., Barre, MA 01005 (617) 355- __ Please RUSH a FREE Brochure. FIRST ORDER 2089. Also available through: Smith & Hawken, Van PLANTS-RARE BUT AFFORDABLE The Keth Company Bourgandien, Brookstone (Plantijreeze) , Gardener's PO. Box 645 Eden, Mc Fayden Seed (Canada) catologs and the Extensive selection: * American Natives ' Out­ finest horticultural nurseries. standing Ornamentals ' Uncommon Conifers' Corona del Mar, DfALER INQU1RIES INVITED Perennials ' Hardiest Eucalyptus • Wildlife Plants. California 92625 L~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Affordable containerized starter-plants. Inform­ ative catalog-$2.00. FORESTFARM, 990 Teth­ erah, Williams, OR 97544. PLANTS-SCARCE AND UNUSUAL Distinctive plants for your garden and land­ scape. Scarce, unusual and many old favorites. Well established in pots ready for you to grow on. FREE catalogue. APPALACHIAN GAR­ DENS, Box 82, Waynesboro, PA 17268. PLUMERlAS,GINGERS,TROPICALS, BULBS 60 named plumerias (Frangipani) cuttings and plants ! Special Offer: 5 different colors plu­ meria cuttings, $25. Handbook of Plumeria Culture, $4.95. Catalog $1.00. THE PLU­ MERIA PEOPLE, PO Box 820014, Houston, TX 77282-0014. POSITION WANTED EXPERT PROPERTY CARE. La nd, Flora, Structures, Administration capably handled. Permanent position sought with responsibili­ ties. Will live on site. L.S., P.O. Box 761, Ojai, CA 93023. RARE PLANTS RARE AND UNUSUAL PLANTS-otherwise Without Will·Pm! commercially unavailable-for botanic collec­ When the grOlll1d is frozen, plants lose drought, windburn, air pollu- tions, landscaping, home, office-130 Bamboo, including giant, medium-sized, dwarf, green and moisture that can't be replaced. salt spray damage and transplant variegated, 90 cycads, 180 palms. 1,000 plant this time, shrubs become shock. Plus it's bio- and gardening books. Three seasonal catalogs easy targets for serious injury degradable $5. ENDANGERED SPECIES, PO Box 1830, - even death. and organic. Tustin, CA 92681-1830. Wilt-Pruf® shields plants It's the RHODODENDRONS from winter -kill by providing a perfect rem- RHODODENDRONS for the woodland, land­ protective coating that holds edy for the ANTI TOANSPIRANT scape, and rock garden. Free Descriptive List­ in moisture. winter. Or any GUilrds against ing. CARDINAL NURSERY, Rte. 1, Box 316M, Wilt -Pruf also protects season. moisture loss year 'r(JU1Ui. State Road, NC 28676. (919) 874-2027. p. o. Box 4280, Greenwich, CT 06830-0280.

American Horticulturist 41 CLASSIFIEDS

VlREYA RHODODENDRONS: Adapted to Hundreds of exclusives. Reasonable prices. ing, Tampa, FL 33606. warmer climates. Showy flowers, rich fra­ World's most informative catalog, packed with PLANTED TOPIARY SCULPTURES SHIPPED grances, year-round bloom. Outdoor, green­ illustrations, cultural and historical informa­ ANYWHERE. FRAMES TOO & CUSTOM house, houseplant culture. Mail Order only. Free tion, $1.00. WORLD SEED SERVICE, J.L. WORK. MANY DIFFERENT DESIGNS. FREE Fall 1986 catalog. VIREYA SPECIALTIES Hudson, Seedsman, Box 1058-AT, Redwood LIST. SEND S.A.S.E. (2-stamps): EXOTIC NURSERY, Dept. A, 2701 Malcolm Ave., Los City, CA 94064. BLOSSOMS@l, P.O. Box 2436, Philadelphia, Angeles, CA 90064. THE WORLD'S LARGEST and most famous PA 19147. seed catalog. Over 200 pages, 4,000 varieties, RHODODENDRONS & AZALEAS TREE PROBLEMS 1,000 color pictures. A major book of reference. SPECIALIZING IN THE UNUSUAL. Dwarf The Encyclopedia of how and what to grow For FREE DIRECTORY of American Society Rhododendrons, Evergreen & Deciduous Azal­ from seed. The Bible of seed catalogs to gar­ of Consulting Arborists, experts on care, ap­ eas, Dwarf Conifers, Companion Plants. Cat­ deners in over 100 countries. Vegetables, pot praisals, casualty losses and legal problems, write: alog $1.00, refundable. THE CUMMINS GAR­ plants, exotics, perennials, alpin€s, rockery, lat­ ASCA, 700 Canterbury Road, Clearwater, FL DEN, 22 Robertsville Rd., Marlboro, NJ 07746. est and best annuals, trees, shrubs, bulbs from 33546. (201 ) 536-2591. seed with rare items unobtainable elsewhere. UNUSUAL PLANTS Largest selection of Rhododendrons and Azal­ Write for FREE copy, allowing three weeks or Baobaba, Rare Succulents, Caudiciforms, San­ eas in the east with many new exciting hardy enclose $2.00 for First Class mail: THOMP­ varieties. Mail order catalog $2.00-ROSLYN sevieries, Low Light Plants and Other Exotics. SON & MORGAN, INC., Dept. AHC, PO Box Price list and periodic newsletters, $1.50, de­ NURSERY, Dept. AH, Box 69, Roslyn, NY 1308, Jackson, NJ 08527. 11576. ductible from first order. SINGERS', 17806 SEEDS-SUN AND SHADE PLANTS Plummer St.) AH, Northridge, CA 91325. ROCK GARDEN PLANTS Rare Alpines, Wildflowers, Dwarf Conifers, Seedling Hostas, $37.50/50. Hosta, Lily, Iris, WILDFLOWERS Daylily seeds. List $1.00. HOLIDAY SEEDS, Groundcovers, colorful Rock Plants, hardy Beautiful Gardens are easy with wildflowers, Rhododendrons, Books. Catalog $1. RICE 4276 Durham Circle, Stone Mountain, GA hardy perennials. Husky Stock. Send two 22¢ CREEK GARDENS, 1315 66th Ave. NE, Min­ 30083. stamps for catalog with cultural information. neapolis, MN 55432. (612) 574-1197. TETRAPLOID DA YLILIES BOEHLKE'S WOODLAND GARDENS, W140 NI0829 Country Aire, Dept. A, Germantown, SEEDS Over 450 hybrids; exotic new Tetraploid In­ troductions. Catalog $1.00, deductible with or­ WI 53022. 75th ANNIVERSARY EDITION of J.L. HUD­ der for plants. SEA WRIGHT GARDENS, 134 ERRATUM SON'S famous catalog. WORLD'S LARGEST Indian Hill, Carlisle, MA 01741 (617) 369-2172. SELECTION of quality rare seeds from every Please note the correct address for COMPAN­ Visitors welcome! continent. Thousands of hard-to-find exotics, ION PLANTS is Rte. 6, Box 88AH, Athens, flowers, bulbs, houseplants, hardy perennials, TOPIARY OH 45701. The advertisement appearing under trees, ferns, alpines. Rare herbs, medicinal, edi­ Planted topiary and frames. Discount to clubs. the HERB PLANTS heading in our March, April ble plants. European and Oriental vegetables. Write for brochure. TOPIARY, INC., 41 Ber- and May issues had the incorrect address.

Endangered Wddflowers ... SCOOT •i.'I~r GARD e" What YoLi 1987 CALENDAR 'II wonder, • Funds raised from sales will gered Wildflowers Calendar. be used to support conser­ Please send me information. YoLi W-thOLit It. vation projects To Order Calendars: pid I • 16 full-color photographs Send $6.95 per calendar; • Information on all plants $6.25 for AHS members. pictl!lred (For orders of 3 or more • Large 8 V2" by 11 W' for­ mailed to the same address: mat (8W' by 23" when open) $6.45, non-members; $5.75, Garden Scoot is • Reward offer: calendar AHS members.) Prices in­ a mobile owners are encouraged to clude postage and handling. workstool that help rediscover populations Mail orders to Jeanne Egge­ of plants thought to be ex­ man, AHS, P.O. Box 0105, saves your back tinct Mt. Vernon, VA22l2I. Vir­ and knees. Its o My club or society would ginia residents, please add 4% features include: like to help sell the Endan- sales tax. 0 • Comfortable seat that swivels 360 • • Wide tires that roll easily through any soil. Nrune ______• Available in two and three wheel models. Address ______Garden Scoot is designed for gardening, hedge trimming, painting and cleaning cars. It's also useful City ______for many indoor tasks. $60 ea. plus $11.00 p/h State ______Zip _____

Distributed by: J.L. Future Products Corp. To order call 1-800-255- Price/Calendar ______Total # ordered ______8989, ext. 3101 . In Idaho call 1-800-554-3246, ext. 3101. All major credit cards accepted. N.J. residents add 6% sales tax. Arnt. Enclosed $ ______AH·A

42 August 1986 TO UN'Q~~ERG'f-SA"'NG RCH • ,SUtt-!!!USE COMBO! Its for GREENHOUSE/S INSULATED ~rm~t WINTER SUN SPACE CAN CONVERT the Very Finest in Sources TO A SUMMER SCREEN ROOM! Miniature Roses Vftor~,·:c. We carry the best f'I\'{i,atu1e SUNDIALS , selection, featur- The following companies offer a selection ing the very best of sundials. American Sundials, Inc., Dept. AH, PO the very newest Box 677, 300 Main Street, Point Arena, CA 95468, catalogue free. varieties. Clapper's, Dept. AH, 1125 Washington Street, West Newton, MA 02165, cat­ , . alogue free. NEW! MULTI-PURPOSE ROOM Erkins Studios, Dept. AH, 604 Thames Send My Free Color Street, Newport, RI 02840, catalogue ADDS LIGHT, HEAT & SPACE. D o Bronze aluminum 0 Shatter-resistant glazing $4.00. o No foundations required 0 Easy do-it-yourself Catalog Today! Florentine Craftsmen, Dept. AH, 46-24 assembly 0 Screen package optional 0 Ideal spa /hot tub room , foyer/entry way. 28th Street, Long Island City, NY 11101, Name catalogue $3.00. Introductory Sale Includes Address Garden Concepts Collection, Dept. AH, ROOF VENT & STORM/SCREEN DOOR PO Box 241233, Memphis, TN 38124, Keeps Your Sun-Porch 'MCoolin Summer City catalogue $6.00. Send $2 for Color Catalogues, Prices, '~~------~=------SENT FIRST CLASS MAIL. i State Zip Kenneth Lynch & Sons, Inc., Dept. AH, Dealer Inquiries Welcome PO Box 488, Wilton, CT 06897, com­ VEGETABLE FACTORY, INC. i for~t Miniature Roses, Inc. plete catalogue $7.50; sundial book P.O. Box 2235, Dept AH-86 I 58 Hammond Street, Dept. AH i Rowley, Massachusetts 01969 $4.00 softcover, $6.00 hardcover. New York, NY 10163 '------______----I Robinson Iron, Dept. AH, PO Drawer 1235, Alexander City, AL 35010, cat­ alogue $3.00. WIN THE BATTLE J Seahorse Trading Company, Inc., Dept. AH, PO Box 677, Berryville, VA, 22611, catalogue $3.50. OF THE BUGS Southern Statuary & Stone, Dept. AH, 3401 t 5th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL The fmd of the century-a battery powered t 35222, catalogue $5.00. sprayer that takes all the work out of those Sundials and More by Replogle, Dept. AH, dreary garden maintenance chores. No t 1901 N. Narragansett Ave., Chicago, IL ____ ~ more pumping! It nms on 60639, catalogue free. flashlight batteries. . . one set Wind & Weather, Dept. AH, PO Box 2320, got us through last summer. Mendocino, CA 95460, catalogue free. Easy to clean and fill. The tank holds 1.3 gallons and the spray is ASTILBES adjustable. Rechargeable battery t Astilbes are available from garden centers available. $69.95 plus $3.50 shipping and nurseries as well as the following mail­ & handling (in Virginia add 4 % tax). Checks, Visa, order companies. Me, Amex accepted; include expo date and signature. t Plants Busse Gardens, Dept. AH, Route 2, Box 13, Cokato, MN 55321, catalogue $1.00. t Carroll Gardens, Dept. AH, 444 East Main Street, Box 310, Westminster, MD 21157, catalogue $2.00. t Rocknoll Nursery, Dept. AH, 9210 US Route 50, Hillsboro, OH 45133, cata­ logue 44¢ in stamps. Andre Viette Farm and Nursery, Dept. AH, 4801 IstSt. N., Dept. A7, t Route 608, Fishersville, VA 22939, cat­ Arlington, VA 22203 alogue $1.50. 703-528-8773 t American Horticulturist 43 SOURCES

Wayside Gardens Company, Dept. AH, Meadowbrook Herb Garden, Dept. AH, Hodges, SC 29695, catalogue $1.00. Route 138, Wyoming, RI 02898, cata­ White Flower Farm, Dept. AH, Litchfield, logue $1.00, plant and seed list 50¢. CT 06759, catalogue $5.00. Merry Gardens, Dept. AH, PO Box 595, Seed Camden, ME 04843, catalogue $2.00. W. Atlee Burpee Company, Dept. AH, 300 The Sandy Mush Herb Nursery, Dept. AH, Park Avenue, Warminster, PA 18974, Route 2, Surrett Cove Road, Leicester, catalogue free. NC 28/48, catalogue $2.00. The COImtry Garden, Dept. AH, Route 2, Tansy Farm, Dept. AH, RRI-C, Agassiz, Box 455A, Crivitz, WI 54114, catalogue BC Canada VOM lAO, catalogue $1.50. $2.00 . . Andre Viette Farm and Nursery, Dept. AH, J. L. Hudson, Seedsman, Dept. AH, PO Route 608, Fishersville, VA 22939, cat­ Box 1058, Redwood City, CA 94064, alogue $1.50. catalogue $1.00. Wrenwood, Berkeley Springs, WV 25411, Park Seed Company, Dept. AH, PO Box catalogue $1.50. 31, Greenwood, SC 29647, catalogue free. Seed Bountiful Gardens, Dept. AH, 5798 RainMatic rM Waters Thompson & Morgan, PO Box 1308-AM, Ridgewood Road, Willits, CA 95490, Lawns & Gardens Jackson, NJ 08527, catalogue free ($2.00 for 1st-class postage). catalogue free. Automatically! W. Atlee Burpee Company, Dept. AH, 300 RainMatic's automatic control of sprinklers KITCHEN HERBS Park Avenue, Warminster, PA 18974, switches them on and off up to 8 times a catalogue free. day, and from 110 7 !!lays a week. Each water­ Herbs are available from the following ing can be timed to last from one minute to Comstock, Ferre & Company, Dept. AH, more than 12 hours, or any time in between. mail-order nurseries. 263 Main Street, Wethersfield, CT Water at night or when you 're away ... skip watering on selected days . . . switch Rain­ Plants 06109, catalogue free. Matic to "Manual" when you want to do other ABC Nursery and Greenhouse, Dept. AH, gardening chores. The Fragrant Path, Dept. AH, PO Box 328, Set it for a day, a week, or for an entire sea­ Route 1, Lecoma, MO 65540, catalogue Fort Calhoun, NE 68023, catalogue son if you want! 25¢ (cash or stamps). $1.00. Carroll Gardens, Dept. AH, 444 East Main Heirloom Gardens, Dept. AH, PO Box 138, New Freedom from Watering Street, Box 310, Westminster, MD Guerneville, CA 95446, catalogue $2.00. Chores with RainMatic 21157, catalogue $2.00. J. L. Hudson, Seedsman, Dept. AH, PO • Attaches to your outside faucet in seconds; Companion Plants, Route 6, Box 88, Dept. Box 1058, Redwood City, CA 94064, locks to prevent theft AH, Athens, OH 45701, catalogue $1.50. • Uses your existing hose and sprinklers - catalogue $1.00. can control two or more spnnklers to cover Halycon Gardens, Inc., PO Box 124, Dept. johnny's Selected Seed, Dept. AH, 100 Foss large areas • Automates drip ami trickle systems AH, Gibsonia, PA 15044, catalogue Hill Road, Albion, ME 04910, cata­ • Easy to set - as simple as pressing but­ $1.00. tons on a pocket calculator logue free. • Weather-protected electronic circuit Logee's Greenhouses, Dept. AH, 55 North Nichols Garden Nursery, Dept. AH, 1190 • No wiring - uses four long-life "e" Street, Danielson, CT 06239, catalogue alkaline oatteries (not incluiled) West Pacific, Albany, OR 97321, cat­ • Shipped with "Instruc­ $3.00. alogue free. tion/Watering Guide" Lost Prairie Herb Farm, Dept. AH, 805 booklet, and one-year Park Seed Company, Dept. AH, PO Box warranty Kienas Road, Kalispell, MT 59901, cat­ 31, Greenwood, SC 29647, catalogue Only $39.99 alogue $1.00. free. Louisiana Nursery, Dept. AH, Route 7, Richters, Dept. AH, Box 26, Goodwood, Box 43, Opelousas, LA 70570, cata­ Ontario, Canada LOC, lAO, catalogue logue $3.50. $2.00. To order call toll free: Seeds Blum, Dept. AH, Idaho City Stage, 1-800-255-8989, ext. 3101. Boise, ID 83706, catalogue $2.00. In Idaho call: Vermont Bean Seed Company, Dept. AH, 1-800-554-3246, ext. 3101. All major credit cards Garden Lane, Fairhaven, VT 05743, accepted. catalogue free. NJ residents add 6 % sales tax. Or CATHEDRAL HERB GARDENS Send check or money order to: The Bishop's Garden at the Washington Cathedral is open to the public during day­ J.L. Future Products These beautiful, ~. scissors are made to last a lifetime. In production light hours, seven days a week. Admission P.O. Box 107 =~~iiiIII_=,~~fo:cr7ov~e;.,r3;00 years. For delicate Fords, NJ 08863 \ flower work, is free. A self-guided tour is available from ,.====:::::;;;;;;;=-I£~§~==~~o~r heavy pruning Very Sharp, A hardworking beauty. The Herb Cottage, Washington Cathedral, Send $6.00 ea. Mt Rushmore Supply Mt. St. Albans, Washington, D.C. 20016, Box 233 Brooklyn NY 11222-0233 (201) 537-8982.

44 August 1986 VAN BOURGONDIENFS Exotic 1yOffer (ASIATIC HYBRIDS) ..:: .. ~., Money-Saving Offer To Make New Friends Low Growing-This fantastic offer by Van Bourgondien Bros ., to make new friends, contains 16 of the finest Hybrid Lilies grown in Holland. These choice varieties, selected by our Dutch growers, have giant flowers ... are vigorous and hardy ... exc ellent for naturalizing in the yard, garden or border. Low growing, they are ideal for cut flowers and bloom profusely during June-July. Order now for blooms next summer with the discount­ coupon below ... we will send your bulbs at proper planting time. This offer expires November 1, 1986. 16 low Growing lilies All of these outstanding choice Lily varieties are spectacu· lar "show-stoppers" which florists sell for $5.00 to $6. 00 per flower sta lk. Charisma - brilliant, su nny orange with a gold band , grow Exotic lily Offer onl y 15-16" tall. Coral Sea -unusual glowing cora l·salmon blooms, a specta· Item 4192 cular va riety 3·4 ft. tall. Hybrid Lilies separately packed Venture -deep burgundy red blooms with shiny velvet and labeled. 2 bulbs each of the petals, only 2-3 ft. tall. 8 named varieties listed hereon. Firebrand -bright fiery cherry-red flowers, grows only 2-3 ft. tall. 1 Group ...... (16 bulbs) reg. $20.00 ...... now $9.95 Gypsy -very large peach·pink blooms, SEND FOR grow 3-4 ft. tall. 2 Groups ...... (32 bulbs) Pollyanna -bright sunshine yellow with FREE reg. $36.00 ...... now $17.95 gold overtones, 3-4 ft. 4 Groups ...... (64 bulbs) Rosefire -striking orange and red bi­ CATALOG reg. $64.00 ...... now $31.95 color, grow 3-4 ft. tall. Full-color, over Sterling Star -pure white blooms with 1000 imported bulb s Add $2.00 for ship. & hdlg. charge tiny wine dot s, 2-3 ft . and unusual plants. Van Bourgondien Bros., Box A, Dept. 4192, Rt. 109, Babylon, NY 11702 SATISFACTION GUARANTEED- ORDER TODAY r------VALUABLE COUPON

Van Bourgondien Bros. OFFER EXPIRES Box A, Dept. 4192, Babylon, NY 11702 NOV. 1, 1986

Please send me ___ group(s) of your Exotic Lily Offer . Amt. Encl. $ or charge my credit card. D MasterCard D Visa D American Express D Send me your Free Catalog. D Diner's Club Expire Date ____ _ Card # ______Name ______Exotic Lily Offer-Item 4192 Address ______D 1 Group (16 bulbs) .... for $9.95 plu s $2.00 City ______D 2 Groups (32 bulbs) . . for $17.95 plus $2.00 D 4 Groups (64 bulbs) .. for $31.95 plus $2.00 State ______Zip _____ N.Y. State Residents Add Sales Tax

Use separate sheet to order, if you wish. On a turn-of-the-century estate in Maine, a groundskeeper created curved-rock walled "rooms," and then built furniture to fit them. The building techniques he used showed an appreciation of fine yacht joinery, and the designs were substantial, yet graceful. Today we build reproductions of this furniture, using the best materials: Honduras mahogany, W.E.S.T System epoxy, and Awlgrip© paint. The original WEATHEREND pieces are still in place at the EST ATE FUR NIT U R E Weatherend Estate after 75 years: we believe our pieces will last even longer. In New England you may view our furniture at the locations listed below. Call us for other locations, or send S 10 for a retail brochure and year's subscription to our literature:

Imagineering, Inc., POB 648M I, Rockland, ME 0484 I, 207·596·6483. C> 1986 Imagineering. Inc.

Weatherend™ Estate Furniture Weatherend™ Estate Furniture Weatherend™ Estate Furniture Showroom Showroom Showroom Bayview Street above Bramhall and Dunn 1 6 Federal Street Camden, Maine vineyard Haven, Massachusetts Nantucket, Massachusetts