DOCSLIB.ORG

Characterization of Bunyamwera, Batai, and Ngari Viruses: Unrecognized Arboviruses of One Health Importance in Rwanda Marie Fausta Dutuze [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characterization of Bunyamwera, Batai, and Ngari Viruses: Unrecognized Arboviruses of One Health Importance in Rwanda Marie Fausta Dutuze Mdutuz1@Lsu.Edu Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School July 2019 Characterization of Bunyamwera, Batai, and Ngari Viruses: Unrecognized Arboviruses of One Health Importance in Rwanda Marie Fausta Dutuze [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Veterinary Infectious Diseases Commons, and the Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology, and Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Dutuze, Marie Fausta, "Characterization of Bunyamwera, Batai, and Ngari Viruses: Unrecognized Arboviruses of One Health Importance in Rwanda" (2019). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 4995. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4995 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. CHARACTERIZATION OF BUNYAMWERA, BATAI, AND NGARI VIRUSES: UNRECOGNIZED ARBOVIRUSES OF ONE HEALTH IMPORTANCE IN RWANDA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of philosophy in The Department of Pathobiological Sciences by Marie Fausta Dutuze D.V.M., Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires de Dakar, 2011 M.P.H., Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires de Dakar, 2013 August 2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I dedicate this dissertation to my husband Jean de Dieu Ayabagabo and our son J. Hugo Songa for allowing to sacrifice these years of being apart. Without their continuous understanding and support, I wouldn’t have been able to do this. J.D, thank you for your long-term friendship, your kindness, your sense of humor but most importantly your love and the life we have built together. Also, thank you for being both a father and a mother for our son when I am not there. Songa, your consistent question: “Uzaza ryari ariko mama?” (meaning: “When are you coming back mom?”)-although made me cry several times- has greatly pushed me to work harder. Having you both in my life is the best thing that ever happened to me. Special thanks to my mom Stéphanie Nikuze for always being a good model for hard work and determination. Thank you for your efforts to keep our family going forward despite the challenges of being single parent. To my dad Faustin Kanamugire in memorium. Although the course of life separated us physically, your advices and guidance remain alive in my everyday life. Continue resting in eternal peace dad, I miss you every day. To my brothers Fabrice, Festus, Hippolyte, and Cyrille, and my sister Teddy. Being your big sister has always motivated me to work hard and serve as a good example for you all. I hope I try. Thank you for your daily motivation. To my father, mother, sisters, and brothers-in-law, I am glad you came into my life. To my mentor, Dr. Rebecca C. Christofferson. Thank you for your guidance, perpetual encouragement, understanding, and flexibility. You have supported me personally and allowed me to grow professionally. I am very grateful for that. Also, thank you for your ii spontaneity for finding solutions to challenges (even unusual ones) and for teaching me to think out of the box. To Dr. Christopher N. Mores. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to join PBS graduate program, guiding my first steps as I entered LSU, and supporting me professionally. To other members of my graduate committee: Dr. Rhonda Cardin and Dr. Mark Mitchell. Thank you for your valuable comments which have increased the quality of this work. To Dr. Manassé Nzayirambaho. Thank you for accepting to be my Rwandan advisor. Special thanks to Dr. Joyoni Dey, for accepting to serve as dean representative on my committee in non-flexible circumstances. To Dr. Fabio Del Piero. Thank you for conducting histopathology part of this work. To past and present members of the Christofferson lab: Ania Kawiecki, Handly Mayton, Chrissy Walsh, Ryan Tramonte, and Austin. I am grateful for each of you for your time, your help, and entertainment very much needed to survive stressful times. To other PBS graduate students: Ryan Avery, thank you for your technical assistance and for taking me to my first American football game. Although I found it endless, I enjoyed it. Hanna Laukaitis and Paige Allen, thank you for your technical assistance. Krit Jirakanwisal, Ifeanyi Kingsley U., Natthida Tongluan, thank you for consistent encouragement. To Dr. Sean Riley and Daniel Garza, thank you for always fixing BSL3 issues. iii Special thanks to my fieldwork teammate Elysée Ndizeye for fun times on the field. Jean Bosco Noheri, thank you for teaching me how to make dry ice. Grace Mukasine, thank you for your assistance in customer service clearing procedures. To my friends: ActiveLadies (Joyce and Millicent), Arlie, Virgo, Shimayire, Rugori, Eva, Surani, and Malaika. Thank you for your consistent encouragement. To my UR colleagues and friends: Maurice, Rosine, Kizito, Richard H., Richard G., and Claude. Thank you for fun times. To other BHEARD students at LSU: Sarah, Chunala, Bennett, and Fydess. Thank you for making my stay in Baton Rouge enjoyable. I am very grateful for these organizations and institutions: - University of Rwanda (UR) for allowing me to pursue this PhD program. - United States Agency for International Development (USAID) for financing this PhD program through Borlaug Higher Education for Agricultural Research and Development (BHEARD) program. - Louisiana State University (LSU) for giving me opportunity to pursue this PhD program - Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB) for collaboration. Special thanks to Dr. Isidore Gafarasi, Angelique Ingabire, Jean Claude Tumushime, Evodie Uwimbabazi, and Rosa for their technical assistance. - Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC) for collaboration. Special thanks to Mr. Emmanuel Munyemana. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………………….................ii LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………………………vii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………...ix ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………................. xi CHAPTER 1. LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………………...1 1.1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….1 1.2. Bunyavirales order……………………………………………………………..……......7 1.3. Bunyamwera, Batai, Ngari viruses…………………………….………………………13 1.4. Bunyavirus environmental suitability in Rwanda……………………………………..31 1.5. Rationale, hypothesis, and objectives……………………………………………...…35 1.6. References…………………………………………...…………..…………...…….…..36 CHAPTER 2. COMPARISON OF IN VITRO INFECTION KINETICS AND EX VIVO STABILITY OF BUNYAMWERA, BATAI, AND NGARI VIRUSES……………………….48 2.1. Introduction…………………………………………………………...…………...........48 2.2. Material and methods…………………………………………….…………...……….52 2.3. Results………………………………………..………………………………………....64 2.4. Discussion……………………………………………..………………………………..90 2.5. References…………………………………………………………………..………….95 CHAPTER 3. PRELIMINARY IN VIVO INVESTIGATION OF BUNYAMWERS, BATAI, AND NGARI VIRUSES………………………………………………………………………101 3.1. Introduction………………………………………………...…………………………..101 3.2. Material and methods…………………………..…………………………………….104 3.3. Results……………………………………………………..…………………………..108 3.4. Discussion…………………………………………………………………...………...118 3.5. References…………………………………………………...………………………..121 CHAPTER 4. IDENTIFICATION OF ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS INFECTIONS IN CATTLE DURING A RIFT VALLEY FEVER OUTBREAK IN RWANDA IN 2018…………..……127 4.1. Introduction……………………………………………………...……………………..127 4.2. Material and methods……………………………………………...………………….130 4.3. Results………………………………………………..………………………………..134 4.4. Discussion…………………………………………...………………………..............140 4.5. References………………………………………………...………………….............143 CHAPTER 5. GENERAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS…………………………149 5.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………..….............149 5.2. Summary of results………………………………..………………………………….150 v 5.3. Conclusions and future perspectives………………….…………………………...155 5.4. References……………………………………………..……………………………..157 APPENDIX A. FRONTIERS COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ……………………………….161 APPENDIX B. AREAS UNDER THE CURVES (AUC) FITTED BY GROWTHCURVER FUNCTION IN R……………………………………………..………162 VITA……………………………………………………………………………………………174 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1. The 32 viruses of the Bunyamwera group, geographic areas of origin, main hosts, and principal vectors, including relevant references.....……………………..19 Table 1.2. Number of mosquito species collected by ecological zones during YFV risk assessment in Rwanda in November-December 2012………………………….......34 Table 2.1. Volume calculations for BUNV, BATV, and NRIV for 1.02 x 106 PFU considering their titers…………………………..………………...…………………………..54 Table 2.2. Scores attributed to Cytopathic Effect (CPE)……………………………………56 Table 2.3. Sequences of primers and probes used for qRT-PCR……….……………… 60 Table 2.4. Primers for conventional PCR…………………………………………………….62 Table 2.5. Specificity of qRT-PCR primers…………………………………………………..66 Table 2.6. GenBank similarity percentages of BUNV, BATV, and NRIV segment alignments using the designed traditional PCR primers (BUNV: strain 6547-8, BATV:M2222 strain, and NRIV: DAK-AR-D2852) …………………………………..…….70 Table 2.7. Peak days and Doubling Times (DT) for growth curves of BUNV, BATV, and NRIV with standard cell culture conditions (10%FBS) ………………………………74 Table 2.8. Gradual CPE during persistent infections of BUNV, BATV, and NRIV in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arizona Arboviral Handbook for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses
    ARIZONA ARBOVIRAL HANDBOOK FOR CHIKUNGUNYA, DENGUE, AND ZIKA VIRUSES 7/31/2017 Arizona Department of Health Services | P a g e 1 Arizona Arboviral Handbook for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses Arizona Arboviral Handbook for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................. 4 I: CHIKUNGUNYA ..................................................................................................... 5 Chikungunya Ecology and Transmission ....................................... 6 Chikungunya Clinical Disease and Case Management ............... 7 Chikungunya Laboratory Testing .................................................. 8 Chikungunya Case Definitions ...................................................... 9 Chikungunya Case Classification Algorithm ............................... 11 II: DENGUE .............................................................................................................. 12 Dengue Ecology and Transmission .............................................. 14 Dengue Clinical Disease and Case Management ...................... 14 Dengue Laboratory Testing ......................................................... 17 Dengue Case Definitions ............................................................ 19 Dengue Case Classification Algorithm ....................................... 23 III: ZIKA ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • California Encephalitis Orthobunyaviruses in Northern Europe
    California encephalitis orthobunyaviruses in northern Europe NIINA PUTKURI Department of Virology Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Doctoral Program in Biomedicine Doctoral School in Health Sciences Academic Dissertation To be presented for public examination with the permission of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, in lecture hall 13 at the Main Building, Fabianinkatu 33, Helsinki, 23rd September 2016 at 12 noon. Helsinki 2016 Supervisors Professor Olli Vapalahti Department of Virology and Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Department of Virology and Immunology, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland Professor Antti Vaheri Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Reviewers Docent Heli Harvala Simmonds Unit for Laboratory surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden and European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden Docent Pamela Österlund Viral Infections Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Offical Opponent Professor Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research National Reference Centre for Tropical Infectious Disease Hamburg, Germany ISBN 978-951-51-2399-2 (PRINT) ISBN 978-951-51-2400-5 (PDF, available
    [Show full text]
  • Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana
    Sampling and Testing Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana Please click on the species of interest: Cattle Deer and Small Ruminants The Louisiana Animal Swine Disease Diagnostic Horses Laboratory Dogs A service unit of the LSU School of Veterinary Medicine Adapted from Murphy, F.A., et al, Veterinary Virology, 3rd ed. Cats Academic Press, 1999. Compiled by Rob Poston Multi-species: Rabiesvirus DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 1 Cattle Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 2 Deer and Small Ruminants Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral disease Respiratory viral disease Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 3 Swine Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 4 Horses Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Neurological viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Abortifacient/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 5 Dogs Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v.
    [Show full text]
  • Data-Driven Identification of Potential Zika Virus Vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad a Dallas1,3, Barbara a Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Data-driven identification of potential Zika virus vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad A Dallas1,3, Barbara A Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8 1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 2Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 3Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, Davis, United States; 4Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, United States; 5Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 6Center for Tropical Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 7Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 8River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States Abstract Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens. We suggest that empirical studies prioritize these species to confirm predictions of vector competence, enabling the correct identification of populations at risk for transmission within the United States. *For correspondence: mvevans@ DOI: 10.7554/eLife.22053.001 uga.edu Competing interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 1, Israel
    RESEARCH LETTERS might lead to recruitment of more host and inflammatory 5. Joguet G, Mansuy JM, Matusali G, Hamdi S, Walschaerts M, cells that further amplify viral replication and organ injury Pavili L, et al. Effect of acute Zika virus infection on sperm and virus clearance in body fluids: a prospective observational study. (6). Downregulation of several factors highlights the dam- Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17:1200–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ age. For instance, the VEGF-A levels mirror the impair- S1473-3099(17)30444-9 ment of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and Sertoli 6. Shi C, Pamer EG. Monocyte recruitment during infection and cells upon Zika virus infection (4). However, the decrease inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11:762–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3070 in CXCL-1, CXCL-8, and CXCL-10 levels in semen dur- 7. Rametse CL, Olivier AJ, Masson L, Barnabas S, McKinnon LR, ing infection could indicate a local immunosuppressive Ngcapu S, et al. Role of semen in altering the balance between state induced by infection, limiting immune cell infiltration inflammation and tolerance in the female genital tract: does in the MRT and potentially virus dissemination throughout it contribute to HIV risk? Viral Immunol. 2014;27:200–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vim.2013.0136 the body. 8. Fraczek M, Sanocka D, Kamieniczna M, Kurpisz M. The different kinetics of virus replication and cyto- Proinflammatory cytokines as an intermediate factor enhancing kine secretion in semen samples raises questions about the lipid sperm membrane peroxidation in in vitro conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Diversity and Insecticide Resistance Within the Anopheles
    Species diversity and insecticide resistance within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand Anchana Sumarnrote, Hans Overgaard, Vincent Corbel, Kanutcharee Thanispong, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Sylvie Manguin To cite this version: Anchana Sumarnrote, Hans Overgaard, Vincent Corbel, Kanutcharee Thanispong, Theeraphap Chare- onviriyaphap, et al.. Species diversity and insecticide resistance within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. Parasites & Vectors, 2020, 13, pp.525. 10.1186/s13071- 020-04389-4. hal-03083171 HAL Id: hal-03083171 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03083171 Submitted on 15 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Sumarnrote et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:525 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04389-4 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Species diversity and insecticide resistance within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand Anchana Sumarnrote1, Hans J. Overgaard1,2,3, Vincent Corbel1,2, Kanutcharee Thanispong4, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap5 and Sylvie Manguin6* Abstract Background: Members of the Anopheles hyrcanus group have been incriminated as important malaria vectors. This study aims to identify the species and explore the insecticide susceptibility profle within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand where increasing numbers of malaria cases were reported in 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Presence of Apis Rhabdovirus-1 in Populations of Pollinators and Their Parasites from Two Continents
    fmicb-08-02482 December 9, 2017 Time: 15:38 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 12 December 2017 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02482 Presence of Apis Rhabdovirus-1 in Populations of Pollinators and Their Parasites from Two Continents Sofia Levin1,2, David Galbraith3, Noa Sela4, Tal Erez1, Christina M. Grozinger3 and Nor Chejanovsky1,5* 1 Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel, 2 Faculty of Agricultural, Food and the Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel, 3 Department of Entomology – Center for Pollinator Research – Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States, 4 Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel, 5 Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland The viral ecology of bee communities is complex, where viruses are readily shared among co-foraging bee species. Additionally, in honey bees (Apis mellifera), many viruses are transmitted – and their impacts exacerbated – by the parasitic Varroa Edited by: destructor mite. Thus far, the viruses found to be shared across bee species and Ralf Georg Dietzgen, transmitted by V. destructor mites are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. The University of Queensland, Australia Recently, a negative-sense RNA enveloped virus, Apis rhabdovirus-1 (ARV-1), was Reviewed by: found in A. mellifera honey bees in Africa, Europe, and islands in the Pacific. Here, Emily J. Bailes, we describe the identification – using a metagenomics approach – of ARV-1 in two bee Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom species (A.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Note
    Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 18(4):359-363' 2OOz Copyright @ 2002 by the American Mosquito Control Association' Inc' SCIENTIFIC NOTE COLONIZATION OF ANOPHELES MACULAZUS FROM CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA' MICHAEL J. BANGS,' TOTO SOELARTO,3 BARODJI,3 BIMO P WICAKSANA'AND DAMAR TRI BOEWONO3 ABSTRACT, The routine colonization of Anopheles maculatus, a reputed malaria vector from Central Java, is described. The strain is free mating and long lived in the laboratory. This species will readily bloodfeed on small rodents and artificial membrane systems. Either natural or controlled temperatures, humidity, and lighting provide acceptable conditions for continuous rearing. A simple larval diet incorporating a l0:4 powdered mixture of a.i"a beef and rice hulls proved acceptable. Using a variety of simple tools and procedures, this colony strain appears readily adaptable to rearing under most laboratory conditions. This appears to be the first report of continuous colonization using a free-mating sffain of An. maculatus. Using this simple, relatively inexpensive method of mass colonization adds to the short list of acceptable laboratory populations used in the routine production of human-infecting plasmodia. KEY WORDS Anopheles maculatus, Central Java, colonization, larval diet, malaria vector, Indonesia Anop he Ie s (Ce ll ia) maculat us Theobald belongs nificantly divergent in phylogenetic terms from oth- to the Theobaldi group of the Neocellia series, er members of the complex and may represent one which also includes Anopheles karwari (James) and or more separate species awaiting formal descrip- Anopheles theobaldi Giles (Subbarao 1998). The tion (Rongnoparut, personal communication). For An. maculatus species complex is considered an purposes of this article, the Central Java strain will "spe- important malaria vector assemblage over certain be referred to as An.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Taxonomic Update for Phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), Including the Large Orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales
    Archives of Virology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2 VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales Jens H. Kuhn1 · Scott Adkins2 · Daniela Alioto3 · Sergey V. Alkhovsky4 · Gaya K. Amarasinghe5 · Simon J. Anthony6,7 · Tatjana Avšič‑Županc8 · María A. Ayllón9,10 · Justin Bahl11 · Anne Balkema‑Buschmann12 · Matthew J. Ballinger13 · Tomáš Bartonička14 · Christopher Basler15 · Sina Bavari16 · Martin Beer17 · Dennis A. Bente18 · Éric Bergeron19 · Brian H. Bird20 · Carol Blair21 · Kim R. Blasdell22 · Steven B. Bradfute23 · Rachel Breyta24 · Thomas Briese25 · Paul A. Brown26 · Ursula J. Buchholz27 · Michael J. Buchmeier28 · Alexander Bukreyev18,29 · Felicity Burt30 · Nihal Buzkan31 · Charles H. Calisher32 · Mengji Cao33,34 · Inmaculada Casas35 · John Chamberlain36 · Kartik Chandran37 · Rémi N. Charrel38 · Biao Chen39 · Michela Chiumenti40 · Il‑Ryong Choi41 · J. Christopher S. Clegg42 · Ian Crozier43 · John V. da Graça44 · Elena Dal Bó45 · Alberto M. R. Dávila46 · Juan Carlos de la Torre47 · Xavier de Lamballerie38 · Rik L. de Swart48 · Patrick L. Di Bello49 · Nicholas Di Paola50 · Francesco Di Serio40 · Ralf G. Dietzgen51 · Michele Digiaro52 · Valerian V. Dolja53 · Olga Dolnik54 · Michael A. Drebot55 · Jan Felix Drexler56 · Ralf Dürrwald57 · Lucie Dufkova58 · William G. Dundon59 · W. Paul Duprex60 · John M. Dye50 · Andrew J. Easton61 · Hideki Ebihara62 · Toufc Elbeaino63 · Koray Ergünay64 · Jorlan Fernandes195 · Anthony R. Fooks65 · Pierre B. H. Formenty66 · Leonie F. Forth17 · Ron A. M. Fouchier48 · Juliana Freitas‑Astúa67 · Selma Gago‑Zachert68,69 · George Fú Gāo70 · María Laura García71 · Adolfo García‑Sastre72 · Aura R. Garrison50 · Aiah Gbakima73 · Tracey Goldstein74 · Jean‑Paul J. Gonzalez75,76 · Anthony Grifths77 · Martin H. Groschup12 · Stephan Günther78 · Alexandro Guterres195 · Roy A.
    [Show full text]
  • Hantavirus Disease Were HPS Is More Common in Late Spring and Early Summer in Seropositive in One Study in the U.K
    Hantavirus Importance Hantaviruses are a large group of viruses that circulate asymptomatically in Disease rodents, insectivores and bats, but sometimes cause illnesses in humans. Some of these agents can occur in laboratory rodents or pet rats. Clinical cases in humans vary in Hantavirus Fever, severity: some hantaviruses tend to cause mild disease, typically with complete recovery; others frequently cause serious illnesses with case fatality rates of 30% or Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal higher. Hantavirus infections in people are fairly common in parts of Asia, Europe and Syndrome (HFRS), Nephropathia South America, but they seem to be less frequent in North America. Hantaviruses may Epidemica (NE), Hantavirus occasionally infect animals other than their usual hosts; however, there is currently no Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), evidence that they cause any illnesses in these animals, with the possible exception of Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary nonhuman primates. Syndrome, Hemorrhagic Nephrosonephritis, Epidemic Etiology Hemorrhagic Fever, Korean Hantaviruses are members of the genus Orthohantavirus in the family Hantaviridae Hemorrhagic Fever and order Bunyavirales. As of 2017, 41 species of hantaviruses had officially accepted names, but there is ongoing debate about which viruses should be considered discrete species, and additional viruses have been discovered but not yet classified. Different Last Updated: September 2018 viruses tend to be associated with the two major clinical syndromes in humans, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary (or cardiopulmonary) syndrome (HPS). However, this distinction is not absolute: viruses that are usually associated with HFRS have been infrequently linked to HPS and vice versa. A mild form of HFRS in Europe is commonly called nephropathia epidemica.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of the Rubella Virus Nonstructural Protease Domain and Its Cleavage Site
    JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, July 1996, p. 4707–4713 Vol. 70, No. 7 0022-538X/96/$04.0010 Copyright q 1996, American Society for Microbiology Characterization of the Rubella Virus Nonstructural Protease Domain and Its Cleavage Site 1 2 2 1 JUN-PING CHEN, JAMES H. STRAUSS, ELLEN G. STRAUSS, AND TERYL K. FREY * Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303,1 and Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 911252 Received 27 October 1995/Accepted 3 April 1996 The region of the rubella virus nonstructural open reading frame that contains the papain-like cysteine protease domain and its cleavage site was expressed with a Sindbis virus vector. Cys-1151 has previously been shown to be required for the activity of the protease (L. D. Marr, C.-Y. Wang, and T. K. Frey, Virology 198:586–592, 1994). Here we show that His-1272 is also necessary for protease activity, consistent with the active site of the enzyme being composed of a catalytic dyad consisting of Cys-1151 and His-1272. By means of radiochemical amino acid sequencing, the site in the polyprotein cleaved by the nonstructural protease was found to follow Gly-1300 in the sequence Gly-1299–Gly-1300–Gly-1301. Mutagenesis studies demonstrated that change of Gly-1300 to alanine or valine abrogated cleavage. In contrast, Gly-1299 and Gly-1301 could be changed to alanine with retention of cleavage, but a change to valine abrogated cleavage. Coexpression of a construct that contains a cleavage site mutation (to serve as a protease) together with a construct that contains a protease mutation (to serve as a substrate) failed to reveal trans cleavage.
    [Show full text]
  • Validation of the Easyscreen Flavivirus Dengue Alphavirus Detection Kit
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Validation of the easyscreen flavivirus dengue alphavirus detection kit based on 3base amplification technology and its application to the 2016/17 Vanuatu dengue outbreak 1 1 1 2 2 Crystal Garae , Kalkoa Kalo , George Junior Pakoa , Rohan Baker , Phill IsaacsID , 2 Douglas Spencer MillarID * a1111111111 1 Vila Central Hospital, Port Vila, Vanuatu, 2 Genetic Signatures, Sydney, Australia a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Background OPEN ACCESS The family flaviviridae and alphaviridae contain a diverse group of pathogens that cause sig- Citation: Garae C, Kalo K, Pakoa GJ, Baker R, nificant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diagnosis of the virus responsible for disease is Isaacs P, Millar DS (2020) Validation of the easyscreen flavivirus dengue alphavirus detection essential to ensure patients receive appropriate clinical management. Very few real-time kit based on 3base amplification technology and its RT-PCR based assays are able to detect the presence of all members of these families application to the 2016/17 Vanuatu dengue using a single primer and probe set. We have developed a novel chemistry, 3base, which outbreak. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227550. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227550 simplifies the viral nucleic acids allowing the design of RT-PCR assays capable of pan-fam- ily identification. Editor: Abdallah M. Samy, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University (ASU), EGYPT Methodology/Principal finding Received: April 11, 2019 Synthetic constructs, viral nucleic acids, intact viral particles and characterised reference Accepted: December 16, 2019 materials were used to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the assays. Synthetic con- Published: January 17, 2020 structs demonstrated the sensitivities of the pan-flavivirus detection component were in the Copyright: © 2020 Garae et al.
    [Show full text]